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ALBICRT K. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY

CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

UNM Ea

GAYLORD

080 045 143

DATE DUE

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TER SOS Tee

For subsceiphion qerane: availability an * ‘microfilm and microfiche, and pevattaberty of articles as tear sheets, see back COVER 95 se EY

[Contents continued from front cover]

Contribution to the knowledge of fungi of the genus Sphaerotheca in Yugoslavia. Branislav Rankovié and Ljiljana Comié Some new species and new records of discomycetes in China. VII. Wen-ying Zhuang and Zheng Wang Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VI. Remarks on Bactrodesmium, and BRUTE S COMI. TOV Sox, ca Lcd bcabonds chin soem L. Zucconi and D. Lunghini Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VII. Septonema crispulum anam.-sp. nov. Dario Lunghini and Francesco Toscano New species and new combinations in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) RORY NI PASCO a Iho Pop nia da tanh acck walacvstudensares vale saregueeenan Ti John A. Elix Nomenclatural notes on some arthroconidial yeasts. G. S. de Hoog, E. Guého, and M. Th. Smith New species of Russiia trom Caliona 2.5.6: dscc0c ces cde ve cdvscesenneen ded Harry D. Thiers Generic concepts within the groups of Marasmius and Collybia sensu lato. V. Antonin, R. E. Halling, and M. E. Noordeloos New or rare hyphomycetes from Cuba VIII. Species of Lylea, Phaeoisaria, Arxiella, Graphium, Periconia and Ramichloridium. A. Mercado-Sierra, M. J. Figueras, and J. Gené Two new bluing species of Psilocybe from Puerto Rico.................. Gaston Guzman, Fidel Tapia, Angel M. Nieves-Rivera, and Carlos Betancourt Tricholoma albidulum sp. nov. (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales) from Baja California,

PRE EMAS ooh eiacaweesa ce ieee G. Moreno, N. Ayala, and F. Esteve Raventdés Additions to the chemistry, ecology and distribution of Peltigeramelanorrhiza and fe REODOLV ACT VIAN: 5, ccih coc, ciauacew dete Isabel Martinez and Ana Rosa Burgaz

Macromycetes of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Evangelina Pérez Silva and José Luis Leén de la Luz Further new species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australasia. John A. Elix

Ingoldian fungi from the Catalan Pyrenees: pure culture studies.......... Enrique Descals Annotated list of the Lophiostomataceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Dothideales, Ascomycotina) reported from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands.....................605 J. Checa

Three new species of the Meliolaceae from Kerala, India.

V. B. Hosagoudar, T. K. Abraham, and R. D. Goos Notice: A new Book Review Editor for Mycotaxonn ............c..sccseccscccenssceowevccssecseens PNCMEG: WIV OOS VSLCTAG, <. 5. east cance tees «we eae eens es anaes Su yes Ww ovichibwcn vp Su ss esi euea nd de ataeneteee

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ERRATA, VOLUME SIXTY-THREE

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Bat 262, line 8 for cathegory read caleaey ie Page 311, line 27 for Maas alee bias Yee ined

ti bellipsoi re Page 354, line 1 for sus pl ravciaean ese

, line 1 for (DC) Fr. Sing. rea me ET): ae “ee ing 8 for Phegmatium read Phlegmatium

MYCOTAXON

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TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME SIXTY-THREE June-August 1997 On Piloderma bicolor and the closely related P. byssinum, P. croceum, and P. fallax.

Michael J. Larsen, Jane E. Smith, and Donaraye McKay New species and new records of ascomycetes on stems of eucalypts from Tasmania,

Australia 6 700.ctoendoetetes fuesdocteck eet eae eae Zi Qing Yuan and C. Mohammed Hygrophoraceae of Western Australia ................... N. L. Bougher and A. M. Young Three new sequestrate basidiomycetes from Western Australia ................ N. L. Bougher Two new species and new reports in the Parmeliaceae sensu stricto (lichenized

Ascomycotina) from Brazil.................... Sionara Eliasaro and Monica T. Adler Polymorphism of vegetative propagules in Punctelia punctilla (Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales)

and ‘the delimitation of the species 02 7.20.050 0. ete aseaeetccseesseenn Monica T. Adler A new contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agaricus in Chile.

AQGFICUS WIGHT SP! NOV: .ct2e seccscor ate. seen ee E. Valenzuela, P. Heinemann,

F. Esteve-Raventés, S. Garnica, M. Polette, and W. Castells Mycorrhizae of Asian black truffles, Tuber himalayense and 7. indicum. O. Comandini and G. Pacioni Corrigendum and indexes (fungus names, hosts and substrates) to Fungi Canadenses 1-330 (1973-1990)......... Michael Corlett, S. A. Redhead, and C. E. Babcock Endogone aurantiaca, a new species in the Endogonales from Poland. Janusz Blaszkowski Heterotolyposporium, a new genus of Ustilaginales......................eeeee eee ee eee K. Vanky Tropical hyphomycetes of Mexico I. New species of Hemicorynespora, Piricauda and TRULOCIGONUNGS fc. ner ee eee snca ice Angel Mercado Sierra, Gabriela Heredia Abarca, and Julio Mena Portales Notes on conidial fungi XII. New or interesting hyphomycetes from Cuba. R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, J. Guarro, and J. Cano Notes on conidial fungi. XIII. A new species of Cladosporium from Cuba. R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, B. Kendrick, and J. Gené

Ee CTOROSPOTE ON FIGLOTIA G5 ores ied ences eek O. Constantinescu and G. Negrean New heterobasidiomycetes from Great Britain ...................eeceeeeeeeeeeee es Peter Roberts Tuber pseudohimalayense sp. nov. An Asiatic species commercialized in Spain, similar to

thes Peri SOLGe (TUNIC one sca s eee een G. Moreno, J. L. Manjon, J. Diez,

L. G. Garcia-Montero, and G. Di Massimo Mating systems in hymenomycetes: new reports and taxonomic implications. Ronald H. Petersen

Austrocenangium gen. nov. from southern South America.................. Irma J. Gamundi Comparative study of cellulolytic enzyme zymograms of species of Thecotheus and lodophanus (Pezizales-AscomyceteS).............ecececeeeeeeeeceuens Alejandro G. Pardo,

Andrea S. Sivori, and Maria E. Ranalli The myxomycetes from Baja California (Mexico). I. M. Lizarraga, G. Moreno, and C. Illana Contribution to the knowledge of fungi of the genus Sphaerotheca in Yugoslavia. Branislav Rankovi¢c and Ljiljana Comic Some new species and new records of discomycetes in China. VII. Wen-ying Zhuang and Zheng Wang Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VI. Remarks on Bactrodesmium, and IDSC BDEMSEZCOMD. NOW ictiiasscst vera tas cack ee Geb on tse L. Zucconi and D. Lunghini

ili

269

301

307

323

iv

Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VII. Septonema crispulum anam.-sp. nov. Dario Lunghini and Francesco Toscano New species and new combinations in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) FLOM: SOUFHCATNGA 5.055 6 hoe caies se sac obese aris cute cena tence s eas cua sre gtes sian ja te John A. Elix Nomenclatural notes on some arthroconidial yeasts. G. S. de Hoog, E. Guého, and M. Th. Smith New species of Russula from Califormta va... :..c0.< 24 aan seer hae dnt eet oes Harry D. Thiers Generic concepts within the groups of Marasmius and Collybia sensu lato. V. Antonin, R. E. Halling, and M. E. Noordeloos New or rare hyphomycetes from Cuba VIII. Species of Lylea, Phaeoisaria, Arxiella, Graphium, Periconia and Ramichloridium. A. Mercado-Sierra, M. J. Figueras, and J. Gené Two new bluing species of Psilocybe from Puerto RicO..............00000+ Gastén Guzman, Fidel Tapia, Angel M. Nieves-Rivera, and Carlos Betancourt Tricholoma albidulum sp. nov. (Tricholomataceae, A garicales) from Baja California,

Mexico. 228 eg ech oa secre G. Moreno, N. Ayala, and F. Esteve Raventés Additions to the chemistry, ecology and distribution of Peltigeramelanorrhiza and P neopolydachyla 5. e.g... uk aaseameseene testes ee Isabel Martinez and Ana Rosa Burgaz

Macromycetes of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Evangelina Pérez Silva and José Luis Leén de la Luz Further new species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australasia.

John A. Elix

Ingoldian fungi from the Catalan Pyrenees: pure culture studies............. Enrique Descals Annotated list of the Lophiostomataceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Dothideales, Ascomycotina)

reported from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands ...........-.....-++se005 J. Checa

Three new species of the Meliolaceae from Kerala, India.

Vv. B. Hosagoudar, T. K. Abraham, and R. D. Goos Notice: A new Book Review Editor for MyCOlQXON ........66cc cece ence cence nee eenee ene e tenes eeeeees Natice: MV COSVSICI UL: «. ane de tins aon onde ednica Daten tele na Wea ¥eAeN ae sn sacnese>-rnngceesceassayaevunwan

PAATEOT A ILOK ec SR S sy Si sd ed eee ch oR AEE ONES Oo cincy ealiae alee ps sae cuh aaa Index to Fungous and Lichen Taxa ...............scececssecscerenessececececscsesccscensnsesesesescees REGIE WETS ls ok ee oo ics cn Mae accen’ohd ce at dap Fee bk haw cdc Ohne bate ties cata d coae setae ie aeeies F Publication Datel Volume 62:5) ivcec5 cok aetcahs ew ateic ice os whee io Claes eh dp aloo. 2ais wala caw aialegpeniean meena

MYCOTAXON Wolame LXUbppal-8 cn) Salk ones NNN 2 dene MIneAumust1O9TIOn

ON PILODERMA BICOLOR AND THE CLOSELY RELATED P. BYSSINUM, P. CROCEUM, AND P. FALLAX

MICHAEL J. LARSEN Intermountain Research Station, USDA, Forest Service 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843

JANE E. SMITH and DONARAYE MCKAY Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA, Forest Service 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331

ABSTRACT

We confirm an earlier conclusion that two species of mycorrhizal fungi, Piloderma bicolor and P. byssinum, are distinct and that the name P. bicolor has been correctly applied in North America. We also conclude that P. fallax is the most appropriate name for what has been called P. bicolor and P. croceum. Descriptioris of the two species are supplemented with line drawings and photomicrographs.

INTRODUCTION

The genus Piloderma was introduced by Jiilich (1968) to accommodate species originally included in Corticium sect. Byssina Bourd. & Galz. (Bourdot and Galzin, 1928) and typified by Corticium bicolor Peck. Species of Piloderma are reportedly ectomycorrhizal, particularly P. bicolor (Peck) Julich [Corticium bicolor Peck (Peck, 1873)] (Eriksson et al., 1981) and P. byssinum (Karst.) Jiilich [Lyomyces byssinus Karst. (Karsten, 1884)] (Melin, 1936; Mikola, 1962; Vozzo, 1971; Froidevaux, 1975; Froidevaux and Jaquenoud-Steinlin, 1978; Harley and Smith, 1983).

The precise application of P. byssinum and P. bicolor was questioned earlier (Eriksson et al., 1981; Larsen, 1983). Larsen (1983) objected to the new name, P. croceum Erikss. et Hjérts., proposed by Eriksson et al. (1981) to replace P. bicolor. Eriksson et al. (1981) concluded that P. bicolor had been applied consistently to a different species in Europe and was, therefore, a nomen rejiciendum. Furthermore, Eriksson et al. (1981) and Rogers and Jackson (1943) concluded that P. bicolor was synonymous with P. byssinum, and noted that P. bicolor had nomenclatural priority. Larsen (1983) concluded that the application of the name P. bicolor in North America was correct and that the species was distinguishable from P. byssinum. These views are also held by Jiilich (1972), Gilbertson (1974), and Jiilich and Stalpers (1980).

2

Stalpers (1984), after studying species of Sporotrichum Link., concluded that P. (Sporotrichum) fallax (Lib.) Stalp. is an earlier name for P. croceum. He (Stalpers) goes on to state that Libert's (1832) description of basidioma color ["primo aureis, tum sulphureis, demum albis" (at first golden yellow, then sulfur yellow, finally dull white - mjl)] excludes a possible synonymy with P. byssinum. Thus, the dispute over the identity of P. byssinum and its relationship to P. bicolor remains.

Our purpose here is to present results and conclusions based on the examination of nomenclatural types of the names in question and other specimens with regard to synonymy and criteria for separation of species. Piloderma fallax (syns. P. bicolor, P. croceum) is separated from P. byssinum by shape and size of spores and basidia, presence/absence of cystidioles, and color of cordons and subicula.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Data on microscopical characteristics were obtained from small portions of basidiocarps squash-mounted in 5 percent KOH and stained with 1 percent Phloxine B or cotton blue (Johansen, 1940). Melzer's reagent (Melzer, 1924) was used to detect amyloid or dextrinoid structures. Capital letters used to designate herbaria are those of Holmgren et al. (1990). Color designations are those of Munsell (1929-1942). Photomicrographs were prepared with the aid of an Olympus Vanox-T photomicroscope utilizing Kodak T max 35 mm film. The contrast of Phloxine-B (spectral absorbance ca. 5100-5500 A) stained structures was enhanced by a green filter (wave length emission ca. 5200 A).

SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

Piloderma fallax (Lib.) Stalp., Stud. Mycol. 24:53. 1984 = Sporotrichum fallax Lib., Plantae Cryptog. Ardennae; no. 187. 1832. = Corticium bicolor Peck, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:62. 1873 = Athelia bicolor (Peck) Parm., Easti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim., Biol. 16:379. 1967. = Piloderma bicolor (Peck) Jiilich, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 81:417. 1969. = Piloderma croceum Erikss. et Hjorts., Cort. N. Europe 6:1201. 1981. = Corticum croceum Bres., Atti Accad. Sci. Lett. Art. Agiati Rov. 3:112. 1897, non Corticum croceum (Pat.) Sacc., Syll Fung. 11:124 1895 (= Aleurodiscus croceus Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 9:133. 1893).

Basidiomata effuse, up to 0.5 mm thick, occurring in small discontinuous patches or continuous, arachnoid to byssoid; hymenial surface smooth, usually distinctly pellicose, dull white to pale cream (near 7.5Y 8/4 TO 2.5Y 8/4); cordons saffron yellow (near 2.5Y 8/10) at first ["....under surface greenish yellow, upper surface white." (Peck, 1873 and see Libert's (1832) comments on color mentioned earlier)], eventually mostly dull cream but with some yellow to pale orange tints; subiculum saffron yellow (near 2.5Y 8/10) at first, fading to dull white with some parts pale dull yellow; margin concolorous with the subiculum, farinaceous to fimbriate.

) O8tO So O

Fig. 1. Microscopical characteristics of Piloderma fallax. a: subicular hyphae; b: mature and immature basidia; c: cystidioles; d: basidiospores. Piloderma byssinum. e: subicular hyphae; f: mature and immature basidia; g: basidiospores (scale bar equal 101m).

4

Hyphal system monomitic. Subicular hyphae 2-2.5 (-3) um diam., septate without clamp connections, hyaline, thin-to somewhat thick-walled, often encrusted with variably shaped crystalline material; cordons 15-75 um diam., individual hyphae as in subicular hyphae; subhymenial hyphae 2.5-3.5 um diam., septate without clamp connections, hyaline, thin-walled; sterigmate basidia 12-15 x 3.5-4.5 um, shape variable, sometimes appearing urniform or clavate, usually swollen apically and narrowed abruptly toward the base, septate without clamp connections at the base, hyaline, thin-walled,(2-) 4 (-6) -sterigmate; cystidioles frequent in most specimens, 10-13 x 2.5-3.5 um, hyphoid to subulate, thin-walled, hyaline; basidiospores 2.5-3 (-3.5) x 2.5-3 um, globose to subglobose, hyaline to pale yellow, usually thin-walled but some with thickened walls, faintly to intensely dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent, infrequently cyanophilous.

Specimens examined. ALASKA: Kenai Peninsula, south of Moose Pass, Trail Lakes campground, on Betula papyrifera Marsh., H. Burdsall, Jr. 12408, 13 Sept. 1988 (CFMR); Fairbanks, Steese Hwy. near Chaitaika River, under moss and Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P., B. Caldwell, 29 July 1995 (OSC). ARIZONA: Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts., Coronado National Forest on Pinus ponderosa Laws., R.L. Gilbertson 9323, 31 Oct. 1969 (ARIZ; AN 003813). CALIFORNIA: 4 mi. east of Mendocino, on Pseudotsuga menziesii ((Mirb.) Franco, R.L. Gilbertson 13807, 16 Dec. 1984 (ARIZ; AN 003815). COLORADO: 4th of July Camp, Boulder Canyon, R.L. Gilbertson 4998, 21 Aug. 1964 (ARIZ; AN 003804). IDAHO: Kootenai Co., Kaniksu National Forest, north end of Priest Lake, M. Larsen 135931 and 135932, 23 Sept. 1995 (OSC), and J. Smith and D. McKay, T17855, 23 Sept. 1995 (OSC). MICHIGAN: Marquette Co., Huron Mountain Club, on Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., H. Burdsall, Jr. 9272, 28 Aug. 1976 (CFMR). MONTANA: Crane Mt., Mission Range, Flathead National Forest, on conifer wood, R.L. Gilbertson 4517, 29 June 1964 (ARIZ; AN 003799). North Fork Flathead River, on P. ponderosa, R.L. Gilbertson 4886 (ARIZ; AN 003801). NEW MEXICO: Los Alamos Co., Los Alamos, on Populus tremuloides Micht., R.L. Gilbertson 7383, 9 Aug. 1967 (ARIZ; AN 003809). NEW YORK: Karner (Center), on rotten wood, C.H. Peck no. 135 (Type of Corticium bicolor; NY); Warrensburg, on Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., C.H. Peck, Oct. 19 (NY; BPI, US0280466) [listed as P. byssinum in Jiilich (1972)]; Minerva, Essex Co., on conifer wood, H.D. House, 6 Oct. 1931 (NY); Oneida, Madison Co., on fallen pine limbs, H.D. House, 25 Nov. 1918 (NY; BPI, US0280456) [listed as P. byssinum in Jilich (1972)]; Ringwood Preserve, Thompkins Co., hypogeous under Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., J. Trappe 5965, 30. Sept. 1980 (OSC). OREGON: Tillamook Co., Otis, Cascade Head Experimental Forest, among roots of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., J. Trappe 5667, 4 Dec. 1979 (OSC). WASHINGTON: Thurstan Co., Fort Lewis, on decayed P. menziesii, W. Colgan III T17278, 3 Nov. 1993 (OSC); Olympia, Fort Lewis, on decayed P. menziesii, W. Colgan III T17806, Jan. 1995 (OSC); Olympia, Fort Lewis, W. Colgan III T13246, 3 Nov. 1993 (OSC). BELGIUM: In Fagetis ad folia dejecta, truncos et radices herbarum muscorumque, autumno, Plantae Cryptog. Ardennae no. 187 (Type of Sporotrichum fallax; BR). NORWAY: Doure National Park, Sgr-Trgndelag, on Betula sp., K. Hjértstam 13605, 16/17 Aug. 1983 (OSC). SWEDEN: Smaland, Almesakra parish, on litter and decorticated wood of Betula sp., S. Lundell (3026) and G. Haglund, Fungi Exsicatti Suecici 1842 (Type of

Piloderma croceum; UPS, BPI); Smaland, Varnamo, Bjors, on Pinus sylvestris L., 2 Nov. 1959, Fungi Suecici 180 (ARIZ; AN 003789).

Piloderma byssinum (Karst.) Jiilich, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 81:418. 1968. = Lyomyces byssinus Karst., Medded. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 11:137. 1884. = Tomentella byssina (Karst.) Karst., Bidrag Kaenn. Finl. Nat. Folk 48:420. 1889. = Corticium byssinum (Karst.) Mass., Linn. Soc. Bot. J. 27:133. 1890.

= Athelia byssina (Karst.) Parm., Easti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim. 16:380. 1967.

Basidiomata effuse, up to 0.4 mm thick, occurring in small patches, loosely attached, arachnoid to byssoid; hymenial surface smooth, arachnoid to pelliculose; fertile area dull white to pale cream (near 2.5Y 8/4); subiculum and cordons white (near 2.5Y 8/4); margin concolorous with the subiculum, farinaceous to fimbriate.

Hyphal system monomitic. Subicular hyphae 2.5-3 (-3.5) um diam., septate without clamp connections, hyaline, usually encrusted with crystalline material of various shapes; cordons 15-30 um diam., individual hyphae as in subicular hyphae; subhymenial hyphae 3.5-4 um diam., hyaline, thin-walled, branching frequently; cystidioles not seen; sterigmate basidia 18-25 (-30) x 4-6 um, mostly clavate but often with a narrow stem-like basal part and abruptly expanded apex, some appearing urniform, hyaline, staining in cotton blue, some dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent, 4-sterigmate; basidiospores 3.5-4.5 x (2.5-) 3-3.5 um, ellipsoid to subglobose, thin-walled but some with thickened walls in KOH, usually cyanophilous, faintly dextrinoid in mass in Melzer's reagent after 2-3 hr exposure.

Specimens examined. ARIZONA: Mt. Bigelow, Santa Catalina Mts., Coronado Nat1. Forest, on Pinus ponderosa, R.L. Gilbertson 9179, 16 Sept. 1969 (BPI; US0280535). COLORADO: Buckhorn area, Roosevelt Nat'l. Forest, on Pinus murrayana Grev. et Balf. in A. Murr. [= Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. et Balf.) Engelm.] R. Davidson, 3 Oct. (BPI; US0279893). IDAHO: Priest River Experimental Forest, Priest River, M. Larsen 134612, 23 July 1981 (CFMR). MINNESOTA: Lake Itasca State Park, Clearwater Co., on Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, R.L. Gilbertson 9738, 18 Aug. 1970 (BPI; US0299931). OREGON: Benton Co., Woods Creek near Mary's Peak watershed gate, under P. menziesii, J. Trappe and L. Froideveaux, Trappe no. 3599, 17 Jan. 1973 (OSC). FINLAND: Nylandia, Mjol6 (=Isosaari), E. Wainio, Karsten 681, Oct. 1883 (Type of Lyomyces byssinus (H); Tarastia australis, Tammela, Mustiala, in ligno Pinus sylvestris L., P.A. Karsten 680, 29 Oct. 1888 (H), and Syrjd, (Mustiala W), ad Abietem, P.A. Karsten, Nov. 1883. SWEDEN: Smaland, Femsjé, very rotten coniferous wood, S. Lundell 1580, 18 Sept. 1939, Fungi Exsiccati Suecici 1033a (BPI); Smaland, Femsji, Stenekullarna, J. Johnsson and S. Lundell, 6 Oct. 1939, Fungi Exsiccati Suecici 1033b (BPI).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that Piloderma fallax, P. croceum, and P. bicolor represent the same species and is distinguishable from P. byssinum. The principle criteria for the separation of species is provided in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of criteria for separation of Piloderma fallax and P. byssinum

P. fallax P. byssinum Basidiospore size 2.5-3 (-8.5) x 2.5-3 um =:3..5-4.5 x (2.5-) 3-3.5 um Basidiospore shape Globose to subglobose _Ellipsoid to subglobose

Basidial size 12-15 (-18) x 3.5-4.5 wm (13-) 15-21 (-25) x 4-6 um Cystidioles Usually present, Absent subulate to hyphoid Color of rhizomorphs Saffron yellow when Dull white when and subiculum fresh, frequently fading freshand remaining so upon drying upon drying

The pigmentation, or lack thereof, of cordons and subicula appears to be a reliable field character for species recognition, especially for P. fallax. Microscopical characters also appear to be useful, particularly dimensions of basidia which are somewhat larger in P. byssinum. The frequent occurrence of cystidioles in P. bicolor may also be helpful. Basidiospores of both species are similar in shape and dimension and may not be a useful diagnostic aid for most observers.

Staining responses of basidiomata to chemotaxonomic reagents (Melzer's reagent or cotton blue) have proven to be unreliable criteria. In both P. fallax (= P. croceum, P. bicolor) and P. byssinum, our observations showed that cyanophilly and responses to Melzer's reagent were inconsistent in the same basidioma or between basidiomata. Our observations are in conflict with some reports in the literature. Eriksson et al.(1981) note that spores are non-cyanophilous and somewhat dextrinoid for P. croceum, while Gilbertson (1974, re Athelia bicolor) and Jiilich (1972, re P. bicolor) report negative responses (non-amyloid and presumably non-dextrinoid) in Melzer's reagent.

LITERATURE CITED

BOURDOT, H., AND A. GALZIN. 1928. Hyménomycétes de France. Paris. 761 pp. is

ERIKSSON, J., K. HJORTSTAM, AND L. RYVARDEN. 1981. The Corticiaceae of north Europe (Phlebia-Sarcodontia) 6:1048-1276. FROIDEVAUX, L. 1975. Identification of some Douglas fir mycorrhizae. Europ. J. Forest Path. 5:212-216.

Figs. 2-3. Immature and mature sterigmate basidia of Piloderma fallax (Fig. 2) and P. byssinum (Fig. 3).

8

FROIDEVAUX, L., AND M. JAQUENOUD-STEINLIN. 1978. Les Hyménomycétes résupinés mycorrhiziques dans le bois pourri. Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 56:9-14.

HARLEY, J. L., AND S. E. SMITH. 1983. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, London. 483 pp.

HOLMGREN, P. K., N. H. HOLMGREN, AND L. C. BARNETT. 1990. Index Herbariorum. Part I. The herbaria of the world. Reg. Veget. 120:1- 693.

JOHANSEN, D.A. 1940. Plant microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, London. 523 pp.

JULICH, W. 1972. Monographie der Atheliae (Corticiaceae, Basidiomycetes). Wildenowia 7:1-283.

JULICH, W., AND J. A. STALPERS. 1980. The resupinate non-poroid Aphyllophorales of the temperate northern hemisphere. Verhand. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Vetensch. Naturk. 74:1-335.

KARSTEN, P. A. 1884. Fungi rariores Fennici atque non nulli Sibirici a Dire Edv. Vainio lecti. Meddel. Soc. Fauna F1. Fenn. 11:136-147. LARSEN, M. J. 1983. On Piloderma bicolor in North America and its relationship to Piloderma byssinum. Mycologia 75:1092-1093.

LIBERT, M. A. 1832. Plantae Cryptog. Ardennae, no. 187.

MELIN, E. 1936. Methoden der experimentellen untersuchungen mykotropher Pflanzen. Handb. Biol. Arbeitsmeth. 11:1015-1108. MELZER, V. 1924. L'ornamentation des spores des Russules. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 40:78-81.

MIKOLA, P. 1962. The bright yellow mycorrhiza of raw humus. Proc. Int. Union Forest. Res. Organ., 13th Congress. No. 24-4. 14 pp.

MUNSELL COLOR COMPANY. 1929-1942. Munsell Book of Color. Munsell Color Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md.

PECK, C.H. 1873. V. Descriptions of new species of fungi. Hymenomycetes. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:41-72.

ROGERS, D. P., AND H.S. JACKSON. 1943. Notes on the synonymy of some North American Thelephoraceae and other resupinates. Farlowia 1:263-328

STALPERS, J. A. 1984. A revision of the genus Sporotrichum. Stud. Mycol. 24:1-105.

VOZZO, J. A. 1971. Field inoculations with mycorrhizal fungi. Ed., E. Hacskaylo. In, Mycorrhizae: Proc. 1st. North Amer. Conf. Mycorrhizae, April 1969. USDA Forest Service Misc. Publ. 1189. pp. 187-196.

MYCOTAXON

Volume LXIII, pp. 9-23 June-August 1997

NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS OF ASCOMYCETES ON STEMS OF EUCALYPTS FROM TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA’

ZI QING YUAN“® and C. MOHAMMED“® 4 Department of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Tas.7001, Australia. 8 CSIRO, Forestry and Forest Products, Tasmanian Research Centre, Locked Bag No. 2, PO, Sandy Bay, Tas. 7005, Australia.

SUMMARY

Five new species of ascomycetes collected on stems of eucalypts in Tasmania are described and illustrated. They are Bertia antennaroidea sp. nov., Cryptodiaporthe curvata sp. nov., Diaporthe fusispora sp. nov., Phomatospora macrospora sp. nov. and Wuestneia campanulata sp. nov... Morphological differences and similarities of these new species are compared with closely related taxa. Coniochaeta pulveracea, Eutypa spinosa, Fenestella media and Karstenula ceanothi are recorded for the first time from Australia.

INTRODUCTION

In Australia, very little attention has been given to stem fungi, particularly the ascomyceteous fungi on eucalypts. Based on Sankaran et al. (1995), a few ascomyceteous species were recorded on stems of eucalypts, in contrast to a large number of fungi found on leaves. During a survey of fungi associated with stem and branch cankers of eucalypts in Tasmania, several of the ascomycetes collected were found to be undescribed or recorded for the first time in Australia. In the present paper, five of them are presented as new species and four as new records for Australia.

Microscopic examination of each specimen was carried out on squash mounts and thin median sections. The material was mounted in Shear’s mounting fluid and lactophenol cotton blue. Fifty mature ascospores were measured for each fungal species, and arithmetic means calculated.

The holotypes and other specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute for Horticultural Development, Knoxfield, Australia (VPRI).

" Part of'a PhD research project for the senior author in the University of Tasmania

10

DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION

Bertia antennaroidea Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 1,204 712, 2780.28 Etymology: refers to the dark subicle of the fungus.

Ascomata perithecialia, superficialia, discreta vel dense gregaria, sphaerica, 250-500 um diam, nigra, tuberculosa, nonostiolata, in subiculo insidentia, subiculo e hyphis ramosis, septatis, brunneis ad atrobrunneis composito. Peridium 35-65 jum crassum, cellulis pseudoparenchymatis, brunneis, crassitunicatis, 7-25 um diam compositum. Asci 100-125 x 10-14 um, clavati vel subcylindracei, leptodermi, cum annulis apicalibus refractis, inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 27.5-37.5 x 4.5-7.0 jum, biseriatae vel raro oblique uniseriatae, hyalinae, elongati-ellipsoideae, uni-septatae, rectae vel curvatae, ad septum leviter constrictae, glabrae, e gelatina tenuibus cingulatae.

Holotypus in ramulis mortuis Eucalypti ovati Labill., Welcome River, Smithton, Tasmania, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC37a (VPRI 21064)

Ascomata perithecioid, superficial, separate to densely gregarious, seated on a subiculum composed of brown to dark brown septate and branched hyphae, black; the outer surface conspicuously marked with coarse warts, without ostioles, spherical, 250-500 um diam. Peridium 35-65 um wide, of dark, large, thick-walled pseudoparenchymatous cells, 7-25 um in diam. Asci 100-125 x 10-14 um, clavate to subcylindrical, short stalked, thin-walled, with a nonamyloid apical ring, 8-spored. Ascospores 27.5-37.5 x 4.5-7.0 (mean 35 x 6.0) jum, biseriate at the upper parts or obliquely monoseriate, hyaline, 1-septate, elongated ellipsoid, straight or curved, slightly constricted at the septum, smooth-walled, surrounded with a thin mucilaginous sheath.

On dead stems or decorticated branches of Eucalyptus spp.

Specimens examined: Tasmania, Welcome River, Smithton, on E. ovata, 12 Dec. 1995, 2.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC37a (VPRI 21064, Holotype); Florentine Valley, Westfield, on Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell., 13 July 1995, Z.Q. Yuan 39 (VPRI 21065); Jacky Marsh Rd, Poatina, on E. amygdalina Labill., 6 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET34 (VPRI 21066); Woolnorth, on E. globulus Labill., 17 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W11a (VPRI 21067), West Ridgley, on E. nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden, 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W22a (VPRI 21068).

This new species can be easily separated from others of Bertia by the unique presence of subicules at bases of ascomata, its asci with apical rings and

(VPRI 20830); Fig. 9: Karstenula ceanothi, Vertical section of ascoma (WC66a); Fig.10: Phomatospora macrospora, Ascomata immersed in bark (W11b) (Bar = 120 um for Figs.2 & 4; = 240 um for Fig.9; = 2 mm for Fig.3; = 3 mm for Figs.1 & 10; = 4 mm for Figs.5 & 6; = 5 mm for Fig.7; = 6 mm for Fig.8)

11

Figs.1-2: Bertia antennaroidea. Fig.1. Ascomata on stem (W22a); Fig.2. Vertical section of ascoma with basal hyphal subiculum (Holotype); Fig.3.: Coniochaeta pulveracea. Ascomata on stem; Fig.4: Cryptodiaporthe curvata. Vertical section of ascomata showing peridium (W20); Figs 5-6: Diaporthe fusispora. Fig.5. Ascomata on stem (Holotype), Fig.6 Ascomata on stem(W22d), Fig.7: Eutypa_ spinosa. Ascomata on stem (WCS56); Fig.8: Fenestella media, Ascomata immersed in bark

¢——-

b2

ascospores which are always 1-septate, constricted at the septum and surrounded by a thin gelatinous sheath.

The presence of hyphal subicules at ascoma base and the gelatinous sheaths surrounding ascospores in B. antennaroidea are features which have not been observed previously in any known species of Bertia (Munk, 1957; Corlett & Krug, 1984; Subramanian & Sekar, 1990; Hsieh et al., 1995; Hyde, 1995), although Krug & Corlett (1988) found a black basal subicule-like crust in B. sinensis Krug & Corlett and geniculate ascospores.

Presence of the subicule in B. antennaroidea might suggest affinity to Calyculosphaeria Fitzpatrick. The latter genus, however has small, fusiform, 1- septate ascospores and has been included as a synonym in Mitschkia Otth. (Hawksworth et al., 1995).

Only one species in Bertia, B. convolutispora K.D. Hyde, described from submerged wood in streams, has been recorded in Australia (Hyde, 1995). B. antennaroidea has little in common with that species, except for the presence of ascal apical rings.

Coniochaeta pulveracea (Ehrh. : Fr.) Munk, Dansk Bot. Ark. 17: 90. 1957 Figs.3, 19 & 31

Ascomata perithecioid, superficial, gregarious, broadly ovate to subglobose, 200-300 um wide, 250-350 pm high, ostiolate, glabrous, with pale brown hyphae at the base. Peridium up to 45 um thick, composed of dark thick- walled pseudoparenchymatous cells. Asci 80-110 x 10-13 tum, cylindrical, obtuse to truncate at apex, 8-spored. Ascospores 10-13 x 7-8 um, ellipsoid to broad ellipsoid, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled, with a longitudinal germ slit.

On dead stems of eucalypts.

Specimen examined: Tasmania, Ben Ridge, St. Helens, on Eucalyptus delegatensis R. Baker, 5 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET25a (VPRI 20829).

The morphology of this fungus on eucalypt is also close to that of C. ligniaria (Grev.) Cooke. The latter differs from C. pulveracea in its perithecia covered with setae and in having slightly large ascospores (fide Munk, 1957; Mahoney & LaFavre, 1981). Several species of the genus Coniochaeta have been recorded previously in Australia (Hawksworth & Yip, 1981).

Cryptodiaporthe curvata Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs.4, 17, 18, 32 & 33 Etymology: refers to the curved ascospores.

Ascomata immersa, singula vel gregaria in catervatim 2-4, cum stromatico prosenchymatico, criter evoluto et in texto plantae promiscuo. Perithicia sphaerica vel ad basim applanata, 250-350 pum lata, 250-400 pm alta, nigra, ostiolo periphysato. Peridium 40-50 tm crassum, pseudoparenchymaticum, ex cellulis parietibus fuscis, crassitunicatis, 10-20 um diam compositum. Asci 62.5-87.5 x 12.5-17.5 tum, unitunicati, clavati, apice incrassati, cum annulis apicalibus refractis inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 20-35 x 5-7.5 yum, oblique vel irregulariter

bs

biseriatae, hyalinae. oblong-ellipsoideae vel cylindraceae, demum rotundatae, uni- septatae, ad medium constrictae, inequilaterales, e gelatina tenuibus cingulatae.

Holotypus in ramulis mortuis Eucalypti delegatensis, Seed orchard, Ridgley, Tasmania, 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan W20b (VPRI 21069)

Ascomata immersed, developing singly or in clusters of two to four within the periderm, appearing on the surface as numerous minute, papillate pustules. Stromatic tissue prosenchymatous, poorly developed, mixed with the host tissue. Perithecia spherical or with flattened bases, 250-350 um wide, 250-400 pm high, black; ostiole lined with periphyses. Peridium 40-50 tum wide, consisting of several layers of dark, thick-walled rounded pseudoparenchymatous cells, 10-20 um diam. Asci 62.5-87.5 x 12.5-17.5 jum, unitunicate, clavate, with a tapering base, with nonamyloid refractive rings at a thickened apex, 8-spored.. Ascospores 20-35 x 5-7.5 uum, obliquely or irregularly biseriate in the ascus, hyaline, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical, rounded ends, with one median septum, slightly constricted at the middle, inequilateral, surrounded by a thin gelatinous sheath.

On dead stems of eucalypts.

Specimens examined: Tasmania, Seed orchard, Ridgley, on EF. delegatensis, 16 April 1996, Z.Q0. Yuan W20b (VPRI 21069, Holotype); same location and host, 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan W21 (VPRI 21070).

Overall none of the previously known species of Cryptodiaporthe fits well with the new species. The scattered and immersed ascomata with poorly developed stromata in C. curvata are similar to those of C. aubertii (West.) Wehmeyer and ascospore size close to that of C. magnispora (Ell. & Ev.) Wehmeyer. However the latter species has even larger, ellipsoid to fusoid non-constricted ascospores (35-40 x 7-9 «um, fide Wehmeyer 1933). The only species closer to the new species in ascospore size and shape is C. salicella (Fr.) Petr., which has ascospores measuring 14.2-27.8 x 4.4-7.7 wm (fide Mathiassen, 1993). Although, as illustrated by Mathiassen (1993), quite a few of the ascospores of C. salicella in type material are oblong-ellipsoid with rounded apices and often slightly bent as in C. curvata, the constriction at the middle of the ascospores appears to be a unique character of the new species.

The inequilateral, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical ascospores with narrower middles of C. curvata may suggest affinity with Vialaea Sacc.. However, species of Vialaea have ascomata scattered singly without stromatic tissue and asci with amyloid apical rings. Ascospores of Vialaea are strongly constricted in the middle (propeller-shaped) and the genus was included in the Amphisphaeriaceae by Miiller & Arx (1973). Cannon (1995) re-studied the genus Vialaea and established the family Vialaeaceae to accommodate this genus

No species of the genus Cryptodiaporthe has been recorded previously on eucalypts (Sankaran et al., 1995). Recently a species, C. melanocraspeda Bathgate, Barr & Shearer was described on Banksia coccinea R. Br. from western Australia but it has little in common with C. curvata (Bathgate et al., 1996).

14

Diaporthe fusispora Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 5, 6, 15, 16 & 30 Etymology: refers to the fusoid ascospores.

Ascomata discreta, laxe immersa in pseudostromate marginali nigrofacto, sphaerica ve] sphaeroidea, 225-300 um lata, 200-250 um alta, collis 600-900 ym altis, basi 100-120 jum et apice 60-80 um diam. Peridium 17-22 um crassum, ex cellulis compressis compositum. Asci 37.5-43 x 7.5-10 jum, clavati, cum annulis apicalibus, refractis inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 10-15 x 3-5 wm, superimposite biseriatae, hyalinae, fusoideae vel raro elliptic-fusoideae, rectae vel leviter curvatae, 1-septatae, ad septum constrictae, cum appendicibus 1-1.5 pm longis, setaceis, delicatis in quoque extremo ascosporae, 4-guttulatae.

Holotypus in ramulis Eucalypti globulus, West Ridgley, Tasmania, 16 April 1996, 2.0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W15 (VPRI 21071)

Ascomata separate or loosely clustered, immersed beneath a dorsal zone along a blackened bark surface, globose or subglobose, 225-300 um wide, 200-250 uum high; beak protruding through bark, 600-900 ym high and 100-120 um diam at base, 60-80 tum at apex. Peridium 17-22 tum wide, composed of several layers of compressed cells. Asci 37.5-43 x 7.5-10 jum, clavate, with nonamyloid refractive apical rings, 8-spored. Ascospores 10-15 x 3-5 (mean = 12 x 4.2) um, overlapping biseriate, hyaline, fusoid, sometimes elliptic-fusoid, straight or slightly curved, with 1 median septum, constricted at the septum, bearing a delicate setose appendage at each end, 1-1.5 tum long; 4-guttulate.

On stems of eucalypts.

Specimens examined: Tasmania, West Ridgley, on E. globulus, 16 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W15 (VPRI 21071, Holotype); same location and host, 16 April 1996, Z.Q0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W17 (VPRI 21072); same location, on E. nitens, 16 April 1996, 2.0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W22d (VPRI 21073); Porter Bridge Rd, Deloraine, on E. pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC66b (VPRI 21074).

The ascoma habit and size of ascospores, as well as the presence of the delicate ascospore appendages in this fungus are similar to those of D. eucalypticola K.M. Old & Z.Q. Yuan described on eucalypt in Australia (Yuan et al., 1995). However, the ascospores of D. eucalypticola are elongate-ellipsoid to cylindrical and

Figs. 11-12: Bertia antennaroidea (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig. 13: Karstenula ceanothi (ascospores); Fig. 14: Fenestella media (ascospore), Figs.15-16: Diaporthe fusispora (asci and ascospores) (Holotype), Figs.17-18: Cryptodiaporthe curvata (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig. 19: Coniochaeta pulveracea (ascospore), Figs. 20-21: Eutypa spinosa (asci and ascospores), Figs.22-23: Phomatospora macrospora (ascospores and ascus) (Holotype) and Figs.24-26: Wuestneia campanulata (ascospores, ascus apex and ascus) (Holotype) (Bar = 5 um for Fig.21; =10 um for Figs.19 & 25; = 20 um for Figs. 11, 13-18, 20,24 & 26; = 25 uum for Fig.23; = 30 um for Fig.12 and = 40 um for Fig.22)

16

not constricted at the septum, while those of D. fusispora are fusoid in shape and constricted at the septum. D. medusaea Nit. (syn. D. eucalypti Harkn.), another species previously recorded on eucalypts, has ascospores which are similar to those of the new species in shape. However D. medusaea differs in its collectively erumpent ascomata and lack of appendages on the ascospores. In addition, its ascospores are narrower (2.5-3.5 jum wide, fide Wehmeyer 1933).

Eutypa spinosa (Pers.: Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul., Sel. Carp. Fung. 2: 59. 1863 Figs. 7, 20 & 21

Stroma long and effused, up to 130 mm long and 10 mm wide, brown to dark brown, punctulate. Perithecia immersed in stromata in a single layer with ostiolar necks separately erumpent (eutypoid); ostioles conical, 3-5 sulcate (mostly 3). Asci unitunicate, cylindrically clavate or spindle-shaped, long-stipitate, with visible amyloid apical rings, 8-spored, 25-35 x 4-6 um (p. sp.); pedicels 30-80 pm long. Ascospores 1-celled, allantoid or suballantoid, pale brown, 6-8 x 1.8-2.5 pum.

On stems of eucalypt.

Specimen examined: Tasmania, Mawbanna Rd, Mawbanna, on E. obliqua L’Her., 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC56 (VPRI 21075).

Four species of Eutypa have been previously recorded in Australia, of which E. lata (Pers.: Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. and E. armeniacae Hansf. M.V. Carter were reported from Tasmania; E. lata on the wood and bark of unnamed plants and E. armeniacae on Prunus armeniaca L. (Cooke, 1892; Sampson & Walker, 1982). However, E. armeniacae is considered to be conspecific with E. lata by Rappaz (1987). Based on Rappaz (1987), the present fungus on eucalypts easily fits the morphological description for E. spinosa. This is the first record of this species from Australia.

Fenestella media Tulasne & C. Tulasne, Sel. Carp. Fung. 2: 207. 1863 Figs. 8, 14 & 36

Ascomata immersed in valsoid groups 1-2 mm wide or in elongated rows 3-4 mm long, 300-500 tum diam. Peridium brown, 30-50 jum thick, of brown, thick- walled pseudoparenchymatous cells 10-12 um in diam. Asci 100-125 x 18-22.5 um, clavate, 8-spored. Ascospores irregularly biseriate, 27-40(-52.5) x 10-18 (mean 36.2 x 13.0) um, yellowish brown to dark brown, end cells pale, ellipsoid-fusoid, ends somewhat acute, 5-13 septa, 3-5 longitudinal septa, constricted at first-formed septum, wall dark, smooth.

On stems of Eucalyptus spp.

Specimens examined: Tasmania, Ben Ridge, St. Helens, on Eucalyptus delegatensis, 5 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET25b (VPRI 20830); Porter Bridge Rd, Deloraine, on E. pauciflora, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC66c (VPRI 20831).

17

The fungus fits F. media well morphologically, except that the ascospores of F. media occasionally bear oblong terminal appendages (Barr, 1990). This species has been found on branches of many hardwood species in the north temperate zone and has not been previously recorded in Australia on eucalypts.

Karstenula ceanothi (Dearness & House ) Barr, North American Flora 13: 49. 1990 Figs. 9,13 & 29

Ascomata gregarious or scattered, immersed in a thin blackened clypeus, spheroid, 300-500 um wide, 200-300 high, with a short papillate apex. Peridium 25- 35 ym wide, brown, of dark thick-walled elongated cells at outer part and hyaline compressed cells at inner part. Asci 100-130 x 10-12 jum, cylindrical, 8-spored. Ascospores 17.5-22.0 x 7.5-10 jum, uniseriate, brown to dark brown, with end cells slightly paler, ellipsoidal to fusoid, with obtuse ends, symmetric, 3-septate, constricted at the first-formed septum, with a longitudinal septum in mid cells, often with one additional longitudinal or oblique septum at one or both end cells; wall smooth.

On dead stems of eucalypts.

Specimens examined: Tasmania, Wayatinah Rd, Tarraleah, on Eucalyptus sp., 6 Dec. 1995, Z.Q0. Yuan & M. Hall ET55 (VPRI 21076); Porter Bridge Rd, Deloraine, on E. pauciflora, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.Q. Yuan & M. Hall WC66a (VPRI 21077); West Ridgley on E. nitens, 16 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W22b (VPRI 21078).

Almost all morphological features and measurements of ascomata, asci and ascospores in these collections on eucalypts conform to the description of K. ceanothi (Dearness & House ) Barr, except that the blackened clypeus was observed only when the ascomata were immersed in groups. K. ceanothi is known only from North America (Barr, 1990) and this is the first record in Australia on Eucalyptus spp.

Phomatospora macrospora Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 10, 22, 23, 34 & 35 Etymology: refers to the large ascospores.

Ascomata perithecialia, discreta, alte immersa, sphaeroidea vel plus minus triangula, 300-500 ym lata, 250-400 pm alta. Peridium 9-12 um crassum, e cellulis pseudoparenchymatis, compressis, brunneolis vel brunneis, leptodermis compositum. Asci 162-213 x 12.5-15.5 pm, cylindracei, leptodermi, cum annulis apicalibus, refractis inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 30-47.5 x 8.8-12.5 um, irregulariter vel oblique uniseriatae, elliptic-cylindraceae vel fusoid-cylindraceae, aseptatae, hyalinae, 1-2 guttulatae.

Holotypus in ramulis Eucalypti delegatensis, Seed orchard, Ridgley, Tasmania 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan W20a (VPRI 21079)

Ascomata perithecioid, scattered, deeply immersed, with a minute tip of the perithecial apex protruding through the surface of the host tissue, without stromatic tissue, spheroid to more or less triangular, 300-500 um wide, 250-400 um

18

high. Peridium thin, 9-12 jum wide, composed of few layers of thin-walled, compressed pseudoparenchymatous cells, light brown to brown externally. Asci 162-213 x 12.5-15.5 pm, cylindrical, thin-walled, short-stalked, with a small apical nonamyloid ring, 8-spored. Ascospores 30-47.5 x 8.8-12.5 (mean 39.0 x 10.5) um, regularly or obliquely uniseriate, elliptic-cylindric to fusoid-cylindric, aseptate, hyaline, with one or two conspicuous oil drops at the centre or ends, granular, thin- walled, smooth. On stems of eucalypts.

Specimens examined: Tasmania, Seed orchard, Ridgley, on E. delegatensis, 16 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan W20a (VPRI 21079, Holotype); Woolnorth, on E. globulus, 17 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W11b (VPRI 21080).

The genus Phomatospora Sacc. is characterised by having nonstromatic, thin-walled and noncarbonaceous perithecia which are immersed in host tissue and possess an apical ostiole with periphyses. Asci are unitunicate and formed in a basal layer. There is a faint refractive (nonamyloid) ring in the apex of an ascus.

Most species of Phomatospora are found on herbaceous stems and grass culms. (von Arx & Miiller, 1954; Barr, 1970; Wehmeyer, 1975; Rappaz, 1992) and only P. dinemasporium J. Webster, a common species found on many grass culms (Webster, 1955), has been recorded on the wood of Eucalyptus viminalis in Argentina (Romero, 1983; Sankaran et al., 1995).

The new species differs from all the known species in the genus by its large ascospores, hence the specific epithet. Species of Phomatospora have ascospores generally less than 25 jum long, while the present fungus on eucalypts has ascospores measuring 30-47.5 x 8.8-12.5 um. Only one species, P. punctulata Hino & Katumoto has comparably sized ascospores which measure 23-35 x 6.5-8 (mean 28.9 x 7.2) um but they are contained in shorter asci (fide Kobayashi, 1970). The woody habit of the perithecia and the relatively large, one-celled, cylindrical and nonpigmented ascospores of the new species may suggest affinities with Cryptospora Tulasne. However, species of Cryptospora have perithecia embedded in stromatic tissue in circular groups with long ostiolar necks collectively erumpent, shorter asci with deliquescent bases, and the ascospores are subcylindrical, curved and mainly longer than 50 um (Miller & von Arx, 1973; Dennis, 1981).

Figs.27-28: Bertia antennaroidea (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig.29: Karstenula ceanothi (ascospores), Fig.30: Diaporthe fusispora (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig.31: Coniochaeta pulveracea_ (ascospore); Figs.32-33: Cryptodiaporthe curvata (asci and ascospores) (Holotype), Figs.34-35: Phomatospora macrospora (ascospores and ascus) (Holotype); Fig.36: Fenestella media (ascospore), Figs.37-40: Wuestneia campanulata (ascus apex, ascus and ascospores) (Holotype) (Bar = 20 um for Figs.29-31 & 36-18; = 30 ym for Figs. 17,18,33 & 34; = 35 um for Figs.39 & 40; = 40 um for Fig.32)

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_

20

Wuestneia campanulata Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 24-26 & 37-40 Etymology: refers to the shape of the ascal apical apparatus.

Ascomata perithecialia, singula vel 2-5 aggregata, immersa, rostro peritheciali erumpenti, 15 mm diam, disco ectostromatico furfuraceo brunneo vel fulvo. Perithecia sphaerica vel subsphaerica, 350-550 tum diam, atrobrunnea, rostro perithecii cylindraceo vel subcylindraceo, 350 wm longo, basi 80 um crasso. Peridium 15-20 wm crassum, pseudoparenchymaticum, ex cellulis parietibus atrobrunneis, 4-8 tum diam compositum. Asci 100-150 x 12.5-17.5 yum, unitunicati, cylindracei vel subcylindracei, apice rotundati, cum apparatibus 3.5-5.0 x 4-5 ym, apicalibus, campanulatis, distinguentibus, inamyloideis, octospori (raro 4-spori). Ascosporae 17.5-27.5 x 6.5-10 tum, oblique vel irregulariter uniseriatae, hyalinae, elliptic-fusoideae vel obovoideae, ad apicem acutulae, aseptatae, parietibus crassis, laeves, granulatae.

Holotypus in ramulis Eucalypti pauciflora, Pine Tree Rivulet, Tasmania 6 Dec. 1995, Z.Q. Yuan & M. Hall ET44a (VPRI 21081)

Ascomata perithecial, single or in groups of 2-5, immersed, with emergent perithecial necks, appearing on the host surface as prominent oval pustules, up to 1.5 mm diam, ectostromatic disc furfuraceous brown to yellow-brown. Perithecia dark brown, spherical or subspherical, 350-550 um diam. Perithecial neck cylindrical to subcylindrical, up to 80 tum wide at base and 350 um long. Peridium 15-20 um wide, composed of several layers of dark brown pseudoparenchymatous cells, 4-8 ym diam. Asci 100-150 x 12.5-17.5 (mean = 132 x 15) pum, unitunicate, cylindrical to sub-cylindrical, rounded at apex, with a distinct, campanulate, apical apparatus; 3.5- 5.0 fm wide, 4-5 um high, not blueing in iodine, 8-spored (rarely 4-spored). Ascospores 17.5-27.5 x 6.5-10 (mean = 22 x 8) pum, obliquely or irregularly uniseriate, hyaline, elliptic-fusoid to obovoid with one end somewhat acute, aseptate, thick-walled, smooth, granular.

On stems of eucalypts.

Specimens examined: Tasmania, Pine Tree Rivulet on Eucalyptus pauciflora, 6 Dec. 1995, 2.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET44a (VPRI 21081, holotype); Black Jack’s Hill, Little Swanport, on E. amygdalina, 5 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET8&b (VPRI 21082); Pine Tree Rivulet, on Eucalyptus sp, 6 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET43a (VPRI 21083); Fingerpost, Waratah, on E. nitens, 11 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC27 (VPRI 21084); Welcome River, Montagu, on E. ovata, 11 Dec. 1995, Z.Q. Yuan & M. Hall WC37b (VPRI 21085); Saggers Hill on EF. nitens (?),13 Dec. 1995, Z.O. Yuan & M. Hall WC64 (VPRI 21086); Woolnorth, on E. globulus, 17 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W10 (VPRI 21087).

Two species of the genus Wuestneia, W. eucalyptorum Crous, Wingfield & Nag Raj and W. epispora Z. Q. Yuan have been previously recorded on eucalypts (Crous et al., 1993; Yuan & Mohammed, 1996). Compared with W. epispora, also found in Tasmania, W. campanulata is morphologically different from the former.

Pa

The asci of W. epispora are clavate, much larger (100-188 x 13-33 yum), and there is no apical apparatus observed at apex of those asci, while the asci of W. campanulata are smaller, cylindrical to subcylindrical, with ascospores monostichously arranged, and characteristically with a distinct, campanulate, ‘annellascé’ apical apparatus (sensu Chadefaud, 1942) (Figs. 25, 37-39). The ascospores of W. campanulata are also smaller than those of W. epispora and elliptic-fusoid to obovoid, without any gelatinous sheath surrounding them. In addition, the perithecium diameter of W. campanulata, a main criterion used by Reid & Booth (1989) to separate species of Wuestneia, is larger (up to 550 um and mostly 500 um) than that of W. epispora. Apart from the above morphological differences, W. epispora appears commonly associated with lower crown death in plantation eucalypts, whilst W. campanulata was more often found in native forests. W. eucalyptorum differs from W. campanulata in its absence of apical ascus apparatus and shape of ellipsoidal ascospores, as well as the phyllodiicolous habit (Crous et al, 1993).

In the key to species of Wuestneia provided by Reid & Booth (1989) W. campanulata keys out to W. beltsvillensis (Petrak) J. Reid & C. Booth. However, the latter can be easily separated from W. campanulata by (i) smaller perithecia (200-425 jum diam.) that are always in groups (4-15) with thicker peridium (up to 40 yum); (i7) an ascal apical apparatus which is only visible when mounted in water (while that of W. campanulata is always visible in both water and other mounting media, eg. in glycerol); (iii) shorter but wider (70-140 x 12-22.5 um) asci and (iv) slightly smaller ascospores which are more fusiform in shape with a thin mucilaginous sheath when mounted in water. In addition, W. beltsvillensis seems to be restricted to Liquidambar L., a genus of the Hamamelidaceae (Reid & Booth, 1989).

The ascal apical apparatus observed in many species of Wuestneia has been described as two refractive bodies (Barr, 1978, Ananthapadmanaban, 1988; Reid & Booth, 1989), but has not been previously observed in detail. Based on Parguey- Leduc et al. (1994), the apical apparatus in the asci of W. campanulata matches Chadefaud’s “annellascé” type being composed of two parts: an upper ring and a lower ring as illustrated in Figs. 25, 37 and 38. The upper ring is composed of several rings and is superimposed on a lower single bowl-shaped ring.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are much obliged to Dr. M.E. Barr (Sidney, BC, Canada) for reviewing the manuscript. The senior author wishes to thank the University of Tasmania and CSIRO, Forestry and Forest Products for scholarship, and North Forest Products for partial financial assistance.

REFERENCES Ananthapadmanaban, D. (1988). On the genus Wuestneia. Transactions of British mycological Society 91: 517-521. Arx, J.A. von and Miller, E. (1954). Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten. Bertrdge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz 11: 1-434.

22

Barr, E.M. (1970). Some amerosporous ascomycetes on Ericaceae and Empetraceae. Mycologia 62: 377-394.

Barr, M.E. (1978). The Diaporthales in North America, with emphasis on Gnomonia and its segregates. Mycologia Memoir 7: 1-232.

Barr, M.E. (1990). Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). North American Flora I. 13: 1-129.

Bathgate, J.A.. Barr, ME. and Shearer, B.L. (1996). Cryptodiaporthe melanocraspeda sp. nov. the cause of Banksia coccinea canker in south- western Australia. Mycological Research 100: 159-164.

Cannon, P.F. (1995). Studies on fungi with isthmoid ascospores: the genus Vialaea, with the description of the new family Vialaeaceae. Mycological Research 99: 367-373.

Chadefaud, M. (1942). Etude d’asques. Structure et anatomie comparée de |’appareil apical des asques chez divers Disco-et Pyrénomycétes, Revue de Mycologie 7: 57-88.

Cooke, M.C. (1892). “Handbook of Australian Fungi’. Williams & Norgate, London.

Corlett, M. and Krug, J.C. (1984). Bertia moriformis and its varieties. Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 2561-2569.

Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J. and Nag Raj, T.R. (1993). Harknessia species occurring in South Africa. Mycologia 85: 108-118.

Dennis, R.W.G. (1981). ‘British Ascomycetes.’(second impr., with suppl.) J. Cramer, Vaduz. 585 + 40pp.

Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C. and Pegler, D.N. (1995). Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi (8th ed.). CAB International, Egham, Surrey. England.

Hawksworth, D.L. and Yip, H.Y. (1981). Coniochaeta angustispora sp. nov. from roots in Australia, with a key to the species known in culture. Australian Journal of Botany 29: 377-384.

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Hyde, K.D. (1995). Tropical Australian freshwater fungi 8. Bertia convolutispora sp. nov. Nova Hedwigia 61: 141-146.

Kobayashi, T. (1970). Taxonomic studies of Japanese Diaporthaceae with special reference to their life histories. Bull. Government Forest Research Experimental Sta. 226: 1-242.

Krug, J.C. and Corlett, M. (1988). A new species of Bertia from China. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: 1256-1258.

Mahoney, D.P. and LaFavre, J.S. (1981). Coniochaeta extramundana, with a synopsis of other Coniochaeta species. Mycologia 73: 931-952.

Mathiassen, G. (1993). Corticolous and lignicolous pyrenomycetes s. _ lat. (Ascomycetes) on Salix along a mid-Scandinavian transect. Sommerfeltia 20: 1- 180.

Miller, E. and Arx, J.A. von (1973). Pyrenomycetes: Meliolales, Coronophorales, Sphaeriales. In ‘The fungi.’ (Vol. 4) (Eds. H.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow & A.S. Sussman) pp. 87-132. Academic Press, New York.

Munk, A. (1957). Danish pyrenomycetes. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 17: 1-491.

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Parguey-Leduc, A., Janex-Favre, M.-C., Letrouit-Galinou, M.-A. and Bellemére, A. (1994). M. Chadefaud and ascomycete systematics. In ‘Ascomycete Systematics: Problems and Perspectives in the Nineties’. (Ed. D.L. Hawksworth) pp. 37-41. Plenum Press, New York.

Rappaz, F. (1987). Taxonomie et nomenclature des Diatrypacées a asques octospores (1). Mycologia Helvetica 2: 285-648.

Rappaz, F. (1992). Phomatospora berkeleyi, P. arenaria and their Sporothrix anamorphs. Mycotaxon 45: 323-330.

Reid, J., & Booth, C. (1989). On Cryptosporella and Weustneia. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 879-908

Romero, A.I. (1983). Contribicion al estudio de los hongos xilofilos de la Argentina. I. Deuteromycotina en Eucalyptus viminalis (Myrtaceae). Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 22 : 57-79.

Sampson, P.J. and Walker, J. (1982). “An annotated list of plant diseases in Tasmania’. Department of Agriculture Tasmania, Hobart. 121 pp.

Sankaran, K.V., Sutton, B.C. and Minter, D.W. (1995). A checklist of fungi recorded on Eucalyptus. Mycological Papers 170: 1-376.

Subramanian, C.V. and Sekar, G. (1990). Coronophorates from India - A monograph. Kavaka 18: 19-90.

Webster, J. (1955). Graminicolous Pyrenomycetes. V. Conidial states of Leptosphaeria michoti, L. microscopica, Pleospora vagans and the perfect state of Dinemasporium graminum. Transactions of British mycological Society 38: 347-365.

Wehmeyer, L.E. (1933). The genus Diaporthe Nitschke and its segregates. Univ. Michigan Stud. Sci. Ser. 9: 1-349.

Wehmeyer, L.E. (1975). The pyrenomycetous fungi. Mycologia Memoir 6: 1-250.

Yuan, Z.Q. and Mohammed, C. (1996). Wuestneia epispora sp. nov. on stems of eucalypts from Australia. Mycological Research (in press)

Yuan, Z.Q., Old, K.M. and Dudzinski, M.J. (1995). A new species of Diaporthe isolated from stem wounds of eucalypts in Australia. Mycotaxon 55: 507-514.

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MYCOTAXON

Volume LXIII, pp. 25-35 June-August 1997

HYGROPHORACEAE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA N.L. BOUGHER * and A.M. YOUNG ** * CSIRO Forestry & Forest Products, Private Bag, P.O. Wembley, Western Australia 6014.

** Department of Botany, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.

ABSTRACT

Four species of Hygrophoraceae are described from south-west Western Australia. Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer var. conica f. conica, and Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.: Fr.) Kummer var. miniata are widely distributed throughout the world, whereas Hygrocybe polychroma and Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea are previously undescribed and may be endemic to Australia.

INTRODUCTION

A large diversity of Hygrophoraceae occurs in eastern Australia (Mills & Monks, 1993; Young, 1996) and in New Zealand (Horak, 1990). However only four species of Hygrophoraceae have been previously reported in Western Australia (Hilton, 1982; 1988). These are Hygrocybe coccinea (Fr.) Kummer which is probably Hygrocybe kandora Grgurin. & A.M. Young nom. prov. (Young, 1996), Hygrocybe conica (Fr.) Kummer, Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.: Fr.) Murrill and Hygrophorus laetus (Fr.) Fr. The Hygrophoraceae typically produce small to medium-sized brightly coloured basidiomes with thick, waxy lamellae. The number of accepted genera varies according to various authors: e.g. Hygrophorus Fr. is used in a very narrow sense, or to encompass Bertrandia Heim, Camarophyllus (Fr.) Kummer, Gliophorus Herink, Hygrocybe (Fr.) Kummer, Hygrotrama Singer, Neohygrocybe Herink and others as sections or subgenera. In this paper we place all four of the species in Hygrocybe, and follow the precedent set by the structure of Arnolds (1990) which reduced Giliophorus to synonomy with Hygrocybe. In this study we provide descriptions of recently collected H. conica, H. miniata, and two new species - Hygrocybe polychroma and Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea. All are from the high rainfall zone of south-west Western Australia. Colour illustrations of the fungi described in this paper are published in Bougher and Syme (1997).

METHODS

Basidiomes collected from the field were described, and then air-dried for later examination. Dried material was hydrated and examined in 3% KOH and Melzer's reagent. Microscopic characters were drawn with an Olympus drawing tube system. All spore measurements include the hilar appendix. Colour codes quoted are from Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Specimens designated as E numbers are held at the CSIRO Division of Forestry, Perth, Western Australia.

26

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES

Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer, Fuhr. Pilzk. 111 (1871). var. conicaf. conica Basionym: Agaricus conicus Schaeff. , Fungi Bavariae 4: 2 (1774); non. A. conicus Scop., (1772).

Agaricus conicus Schaeff.: Fr., Systema mycol. 1: 103 (1821).

Hygrophorus conicus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Fr., Epicr. ; 331 (1838).

Godtfrinia conica (Schaeff.: Fr.) Maire, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 18 (suppl.): p. 117 (1902).

Agaricus tristis Pers., Observ. mycol. 2: 49 (1796).

Hygrophorus tristis (Pers.) Bres., Iconogr. mycol. 7: 349 (1928).

Hygrocybe tristis (Pers.) F. Maller, Fungi Faeroes 1: 140 (1945).

Hygrocybe pseudoconica J. Lange, Dansk. Bot. Ark. 4: 24 (1923).

Hygrocybe conica f. pseudoconica (J. Lange) Arnolds, Persoonia 12: 476 (1985).

Hygrocybe riparia Kriesil, Westf. Pilzbr. 2: 111 (1960).

Misapplied name: Hygrophorus nigrescens sensu auct. non. Quél., Hygrocybe nigrescens sensu auct.

Figs. 1, 2.

Pileus 5-25 mm broad, sharply conic at first, then broadening but always remaining conic or conico-campanulate, margin slightly incurved at first, then plane or decurved, sometimes translucent-striate and coarsely crenate or lobed when mature. Orange (8B8-9B8), red then yellow tinged, becoming yellowish at the margin and black at the centre with age and upon handling. Surface moist/greasy, on drying revealing radially arranged, long, innate and appressed fibrils which blacken when bruised. _Lamellae adnexed to emarginate, up to 4 mm deep, close spacing, lamellulae present (e.g. L:16, 1:15), also some bifurcations. With a pinkish flush near to the pileus - otherwise pale yellow (4A4) not changing greatly with age. Edge concolorous with face and smooth, entire and undulating with age. Lamellae may sometimes bruise black. Stipe 40-60 x 3-5 mm, tall, cylindrical or very slightly tapering upwards, often twisted. Hollow, dry, longitudinally fibrillose and striate, fibrils blackening upon handling. Apex with or without red flush (6A7), central region pale yellow (2A4), white at the base. Flesh pale yellow, darkening when cut, thin in the pileus. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white.

Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, with one oil bubble or granular contents, not amyloid, (8) 8.5-11 x 5.5-7 um, mean 10.1 x 6.2 um (n = 55). Ellipsoid to obovoid (broadest at apex) in face view and in profile, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 30-50 x 7-11 ym, clavate to ventricose, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata very long (up to 15 ym), 1- or 2-spored, no clamp connection at base.

Cheilocystidia, Pleurocystidia, and Caulocystidia none seen. Hymenophoral trama parallel, with long tubuliform hyphae 5-15 um broad, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, aseptate, tapered at the ends. Some oleiferous hyphae with golden contents present in the central strand.

Subhymenium not differentiated, no clamp connections. Pileipellis a cutis of thin-walled hyphae (8-25 yum broad), hyaline or some of the narrower hyphae with blotchy or oily brown contents and uneven walls. Outermost hyphae sometimes compressed and coagulated together. End-cells not differentiated. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.

Habitat and distribution in Australia On ground in soil, grass, lawns or litter, solitary or in small groups. Australian forms of this species are known from Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland.

Pd)

Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, William Bay National Park, in sand along track, near Agonis flexuosa & Hibbertia cuneiformis, 31 May 1993, coll. A. & K. Syme KS 661/93 (PERTH 04259602). Other collections examined Western Australia, Bibra Lakes, Perth, in soil, 23 June, 1971, coll. Young 93 (PERTH 759295 = UWA 1435). Western Australia, Adams Road Reserve, Dalkeith , Perth, in soil, 6 and 9 June 1973, coll. F. Morris & R. Hilton s.n. (PERTH 763624 = UWA1663, and PERTH 764078 = UWA1683).

General notes

Hygrocybe conica is easily recognised by its conical, brightly coloured yellow-orange to red-orange caps which eventually blacken with age and when handled. The cap of W.A. specimens is moist/greasy, then finely fibrillose when drying out. The lamellae are pale yellow and also blacken. The W.A. specimens relate to H. conica variety conica form conica, characterised by 2-spored basidia without basal clamp connections. The predominantly 4- spored form pseudoconica which has larger bright red caps also occurs in Australia. Hygrocybe nigrescens (Quél.) Kuhn. is very similar and now considered inseparable from H. conica by some authors (e.g. Arnolds, 1990). H. conicavar. tierneyi A.M. Young nom. prov. also occurs in Australia. It differs from var. conica by having a viscid cap and only the stem blackens (Young, 1996). In Australia, H. conica may be confused with the similar appearing Hygrocybe astatogala (Heim ex Heim) Heinemann (synonymous with Bertrandia astatogala Heim ex Heim), which can be distinguished by its sometimes distinctly greenish young colours, and by often exuding a clear fluid when cut (Horak, 1990). Microscopically it differs by having cystidia on the edge of the lamellae, and broad (almost globose) spores often with dark contents. H. astatogala has not been reported for Western Australia but occurs widely in eastern Australia.

Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.: Fr.) Kummer, Fuhr. Pilzk. 112 (1871). var. miniata Basionym: Agaricus miniatus Fr.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 105 (1821). Hygrophorus miniatus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr., Epicr.: 33 (1838).

Hygrophorus strangulatus P.D. Orton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 43: 266 (1960). Hygrocybe strangulata (P.D. Orton) Svrcek, Ceska Mykol. 16: 167 (1962).

Figs. 3-5.

Pileus up to 45 mm broad, convex with incurved margin, expanding to flat with an unevenly crenulate or wavy margin, not translucent-striate. Entirely bright red (11B8-11C8 but more saturated colour), becoming paler as drying out with age. Surface moist but not sticky under damp conditions, drying innately velutinous (see under lens), otherwise smooth. Lameliae adnate, up to 7 mm deep, waxy, close or subdistant spacing, with two tiers of lamellulae (e.g. L = 10; | = 33), pale yellow near the pileus (6A4), with pinkish tinge near gill edge (10B6), edge smooth and entire. Stipe up to 60 x 7 mm, cylindrical or widest at apex, hollow at least at the apex, sometimes with longitudinal grooves or lines, same colour as the pileus except pale yellowish at the base, dry, smooth. Flesh pinkish in the pileus, yellowish in the stipe, not bruising. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white.

Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, often with one large oil bubble, not amyloid, 8.5-11.5 (12) x 5-6.5 (7) um, mean 9.9 x 5.8 um (n = 55). Ellipsoid or some subcylindric in face view, ellipsoid in profile, suprahilar region not constricted, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 45-65 x 6-10 ym, slender cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata up to 10 um long, 4-spored, clamp connection at base. Cheilocystidia and Pleurocystidia none seen. Caulocystidia similar to the end-cells of

28

the pileipellis (see below) - cylindrical, clavate, fusoid, hyaline, turning outwards from the non- gelatinised Stipitipellis (cutis), clamp connections present. Hymenophoral trama slightly interwoven , hyaline hyphae (2-12 ym broad), with clamp connections. Subhymenium not differentiated. Pileipellis a trichoderm comprised of thin- and smooth-walled hyphae, with constricted septa and clamp connections. Not gelatinised. End-cells 40-125 x 8-15 um, overlapping and erect, cylindrical, slender-clavate, fusoid. Pigment contained in pileus trama and pellis elements golden yellow in KOH and in water, rapidly dissolving. Clamp connections present in all tissues.

Habitat and distribution in Australia On ground in litter, grass, among moss, less often on rotting wood, in small groups or large numbers. Throughout south-west Australia, and common in eastern Australia.

Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, William Bay National Park, south east of Lake Williams, in litter under Agonis flexuosa & Oxylobium sp., 2 August 1993, coll. K. Syme & B. Hammersley KS 68893 (PERTH 04259653). Other collections examined Western Australia, Valley of the Giants, Walpole-Nornalup area, in litter, 7 Sept. 1981, coll. O. Miller OKM 19498 (PERTH 914045 = UWA 2795 lodged as H. cantharellus, only transparency - specimens not available).

General notes

Hygrocybe miniata has small fruit bodies which are bright red then fading to orange-yellow and becoming minutely scaly especially near the centre of the cap as drying out. It is distinguished from other vivid red members of the genus by having convex, non-viscid pilei which may develop minute scales when mature, and a pileipellis composed of more or less perpendicular hyphae (trichoderm). The name H. miniata represents a group of very similar fungi variously considered as varieties and/or species, but most of them cannot easily be distinguished (Arnolds, 1990). The species or variety mollis, which has not been recorded in Australia, is one of the easier taxa to distinguish as it has orange-yellow pilei. Western and eastern Australian collections of H. miniata have a spore range that is slightly larger than that of European collections - (5.5) 6-9 (11) x 4-6 (6.5) um (Arnolds, 1990). Despite the larger spores, Australian collections appear to satisfy all other characters of the European species and are therefore retained as H. miniata.

Figs. 1, 2. Hygrocybe conica KS661/93: 1. basidiospores (2000 X). 2. basidia (1000 X). Figs. 3 - 5. Hygrocybe miniata KS 688/93: 3. basidia (1000 X). 4. terminal elements in the pileipellis (1000 X). 5. basidiospores (2000 X).

30 Hygrocybe polychroma Bougher & A.M. Young, sp. nov. Figs. 6-8, 12.

Pileus 14-58 mm latus, aureus vel coccineus, glaber, viscidus, convexus habens margines incurvato denique applanatus habens margines recurvo, undulato, translucido-striato. Lamellae adnexae, confertae, ceraceae, aureae vel coccinea, margines concolori. Stipes 25-85 x 3-8 mm, cylindrici vel fusiformes vel complanati, glabrati, fistulosi, super coccineus, infra aureo habens basem albidum. Sporae 8-10.5 x 4-5 (5.5) um, ellipsoideae, hyalinae, inamyloideae. Basidia 32- 40 x 7-10 um, (2) 4- spora, fibulata. Cheilocystidia nulla. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia 35-55 x 3-5 um, cilindrica, contorta, flexuosa, hyalina, tenuitunicata. Trama hymenophoralis regularis, fibulae nullae, cum hyphis refractis. Epicutis pilei ixotrichodermem formans. Gregaria in humo inter arbores. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, sub Agonis flexuosa & Allocasuarina fraseriana, 6.6.1992, PERTH 04259645, (isotypus CSIRO E4756).

Etymology: polychroma refers to the large variation in the colour of the basidiomes.

Pileus 14-58 mm broad, convex at first with incurved, smooth, entire margin, expanding to plane or slightly uplifted with undulating, translucent-striate margin which may split when over-mature. Colour varies greatly - e.g. entirely intense bright red (11D8 but redder), bright yellow-orange (5A7) when young, later grading to paler or less intense colours towards the pileus margin. Sometimes entirely white. Surface viscid, drying greasy, smooth. Lamellae adnexed, up to 7 mm deep, waxy, closely spaced, lamellulae abundant, variable colour - e.g. red (11C8) or yellow (3A4), edge paler or same colour as face, and smooth or eroded with age. Stipe 25-85 x 3-8 mm, cylindrical, fusoid, or often flattened or bilobed, variable colour - e.g. entirely or only upper Stipe red (11D8), yellow (3A5) in lower stipe, often grading to a whitish base, hollow, fragile and longitudinally fibrous, surface waxy, smooth. Flesh red in pileus, yellow in stipe, not bruising. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white.

Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, often with one large oil bubble, not amyloid, 8-10.5 x 4-5 (5.5) um, mean 9.1 x 4.5 um (n = 50). Ellipsoid to cylindric in face view and in profile, smooth, thin-walled. Suprahilar region not or barely indented. Basidia 32-40 x 7-10 ym, cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata up to 6 ym long, 4-spored (rarely 2), clamp connection at base.

Cheilocystidia and Pleurocystidia none seen. Caulocystidia 35-55 x 3-5 ym, cylindrical, contorted, flexuous, hyaline or refractive, smooth, thin-walled, occurring singly or in scattered, small, tangled clusters arising from the non-gelatinised Stipitipellis with clamp connections.

Hymenophoral trama parallel, with hyaline, thin-walled, colllapsing, tubuliform hyphae 5-35 um broad x 2000-3000 um long, aseptate. Some oleiferous hyphae present. Subhymenium not differentiated. Pileipellis a narrow ixotrichoderm comprised of loosely arranged, hyaline, smooth-walled hyphae (2-8 um broad) with clamp connections, embedded in a hyaline gelatinous matrix. End-cells not differentiated or some very slightly tapering. Merging below with broader hyphae (up to 20 um broad) of the pileus trama, thin and thick-walled (1 um broad or less). Clamp connections present in the hymenium and pellis, but absent in the hymenophoral tama.

Habitat, and distribution On ground in sandy, peaty, grassy or mossy soil, in small groups or large numbers. In high rainfall zone of south-west W.A.

Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, Mandalay Beach Road, in sand and moss near Agonis flexuosa & Allocasuarina fraseriana, 6 June 1992,

31

coll. N. Bougher & K. Syme s.n. (holotype PERTH 04259645, isotype at CSIRO E4756).

Other collections examined Western Australia, Bibra Lakes, Perth, on soil, 30 June 1971, coll. A. M. Young Young 151 (PERTH 757721 = UWA 1467). Western Australia, Pitcher Flat, near western boundary of Two People’s Bay, 4 June 1975, coll. G. Smith s.n. (PERTH 00772577).

Western Australia, Arboretum Rd., near Perup, in litter under Melaleuca shrubs, 22 June 1985, coll. N. Bougher NB 115 (duplicate at ZT 2723). Same location as holotype, 15 July, 1994, coll. N. Bougher, K. Syme, T. Lebel, & M. Brundrett s.n. (CSIRO E5189).

General notes

Hygrocybe polychroma is characterised by its extremely variable and bright colours - white, yellow, orange and red basidiomes are often mixed within the same group. Unlike H. conica, its pilei are not conical and do not turn black. Basidiomes of H. polychroma resemble those of H. marchii (Bres.) Singer but the two species differ microscopically, e.g. long versus short hymenial tama elements respectively. H. punicea (Fr.) Kummer (with viscid pileus) and H. coccinea (without viscid pileus) also have some resemblance to H. polychroma, but have more consistently cherry or blood red pilei and shorter elements in the lamellae trama.

Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea Bougher & A.M. Young, sp. nov. Figs. 9-11, 13.

Pileus usque ad 40 mm, plano-convexus habens margines incurvato dein habens depressum, denique habens margines recurvo undulato, glaber, viscido ad glutinosum, aurantio-brunneo. Lamellae decurrentes, ceraceae, confertae ad sub-distantes, pallido-sulphureo-griseae, margines glaber, integras. Stipes usque 62 x 5 mm, cylindici vel supra angusto, viscidi vel glutinoso fistulosi, glabri, sura griseo-virides vel lutei, infra lutei vel griseo-aurantiaci. Sporae 7-9 x(9.5) x 4.5-5.5 (6) um, ellipsoideae vel lato-ellipsoideae, hyalinae, inamyloideae. Basidia 30-45 x 4-7 um, 4-spora, fibulata. Cheilocystidia 20-50 x 2-4 um, hyalina, tenuitunicata, hyphae simulans. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia nulla. Trama hymenophoralis regularis, fibulata raro. Epicutis pilei ixotrichodermem formans. Stipiticutis ixotrichodermem formans. Gregaria in humo turfoso in sylva (Agonis sp.). Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Denmark, sub Agonis juniperina et Agonis parviceps, 1.7.1993, PERTH 04259610.

Etymology: viscidibrunnea refers to the sticky brown basidiomes.

Pileus up to 40 mm broad, flat-convex with incurved margin. Soon slightly uplifted with depressed centre and undulating, translucent-striate margin. Various shades of orange-brown (5B6, 5C7-6D7), at first uniformly then paler at margin with age. Surface slimy, smooth. Lamellae decurrent, up to 3 mm deep, close or subdistant spacing. Lamellulae abundant (e.g. L:11, 1:52), pale yellowish-grey (3B2), sometimes tinged pinkish-orange, edge smooth and entire, waxy. Stipe up to 62 x 5 mm, tapering upwards or broadest in middle region, hollow, slimy, slightly greyish green or yellow at apex, grading below to yellowish (4B4-4A6 or 5A6) or darker greyish-orange (5C6). Flesh same colour as surface, not bruising. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white.

Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, with or without oil bubble, not amyloid, 7-9 (9.5) x 4.5-5.5 (6) um, mean 8.0 x 4.8 um (n = 55). Ellipsoid to broad ellipsoid in face view and in profile, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 30-45 x 4-7 um, cylindro-clavate to cylindric, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata very long (up to 18 ym) and narrow (1-1.5 um), 4-spored, clamp connection at base.

32

Cheilocystidia 20-50 x 2-4 ym, branching hypha-like with flexuous or cylindrical end-cells. Hyaline (in KOH and Melzer's reagent), smooth, thin-walled, with associated glutinous material. Abundant, forming a broad sterile gill edge, clamp connections present. Pleurocystidia, and Caulocystidia none seen. Hymenophoral trama central region of sausage-like hyphae inflated up to 20 ym broad, and narrower, parallel-walled hyphae 4-6 um broad. Outer region of greatly branched narrow hyphae 2-6 ym broad. All hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, clamp connections very rare. Subhymenium not differentiated, hyphae 1.5-3 um broad, clamp connections present. Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm comprised of loosely arranged, branched, hyaline, smooth-walled hyphae (2-4 um broad) infrequently with clamp connections, embedded in a hyaline gelatinous matrix, merging below with similar but broader hyphae (up to 8 um broad) arranged more or less parallel to the surface. These in turn merge below with inflated elements (up to 30 um broad) of the pileus trama. Inner pellis and tama with a pale orange pigment evident in water but not in KOH. Stipitipellis a similar ixotrichoderm. Clamp connections abundant on the gill edge but infrequent elsewhere.

Habitat and distribution On ground in peaty soil, in small groups. So far known only in south west Western Australia.

Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, west Denmark area, Lot 3298, in moist almost peaty soil near Agonis juniperina, & Agonis parviceps, 1 July 1998, coll. A. & K. Syme KS 684/93 (holotype PERTH 04259610, isotype CSIRO E5627). Other collections examined Western Australia, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, in litter under Eucalyptus jacksonii, 9 June 1989, coll. N. Bougher s.n. (CSIRO E604, duplicate with O.K. Miller Virginia OKM 23861).

General notes

H. viscidibrunnea is characterised by its orange-brown, slimy cap, slimy stem, and pale decurrent gills. This fungus would be placed by some authors (e.g. Horak, 1990) in the genus Gliophorus, which we consider to be subordinate under Hygrocybe. H. viscidibrunnea is the first of this group to be found in W.A., and is closely related to Hygrocybe batesii A. M. Young nom. prov. from eastern Australia (Young, 1996). Other representatives of slimy Hygrocybe in Australia include the green species - H. graminicolor (E. Horak) May & Wood and H. stevensoniae May & Wood (synonymous with Hygrophorus viridis G. Stev.), and the yellow H. chromolimonia (G. Stev.) May & Wood (see photographs in Fuhrer & Robinson, 1992). These three species and ten others assigned to Giliophorus by Horak (1990) are known to occur in New Zealand. At least some of them might be expected to occur in Western Australia.

Figs. 6 - 8. Hygrocybe polychroma holotype : 6. basidiospores (2000 X). 7. basidia (1000 X). 8. caulocystidia (1000 X).

Figs. 9 - 11. Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea holotype: 9. basidia (1000 X). 10. basidiospores (2000 X). 11. cheilocystidia (1000 X).

34

ERRATA

VOLUME SIXTY-THREE

Page 34 [Replacement for figs. 12 & 13, N. L. Bougher and A. M. Young. "Hygrophoraceae of Western Australia"] Fig. 12. Hygrocybe polychroma basidiomes (holotype). Fig. 13. Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea basidiomes (CSIRO E604).

Si)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Work was carried out during a project sponsored by a CSIRO Multidivisional Program on Biodiversity. We thank Katrina & Alex Syme who provided some crucial collections cited in this

paper.

LITERATURE CITED

ARNOLDS, E. (1990). Tribus Hygrocybeae. In: Bas, C., Kuyper, Th. W., Noordeloos, M.E., & E. C. Vellinga (eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica. Vol. 2. Pp. 70-115. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

BOUGHER, N. L. & K. SYME (1997). Fungi of south-west Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Perth. (In press).

FUHRER, B.A. & R. ROBINSON (1992). Rainforest fungi of Tasmania. CSIRO, Melbourne.

HILTON, R. N. (1982). A census of the larger fungi of Western Australia. J. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 65: 1-15.

HILTON, R. N. (1988). A census of the larger fungi of Western Australia Part Il. J. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 70: 111-118.

HORAK, E. (1990). Monograph of the New Zealand Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales). N.Z. J. Bot. 28: 255-309.

KORNERUP, A. and J. H. WANSCHER (1978). Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd Ed. Methuen & Co. Ltd., London.

MILLS, A. and A. MONKS (1993). Unusual spore print colouration within the family Hygrophoraceae. Mycotaxon 46: 85-91.

YOUNG, A. M. (1996). The Hygrophoraceae of Eastern Australia. University of Queensland PhD Thesis. (Unpublished).

Fig. 12. Hygrocybe polychroma basidiomes (holotype). Fig. 13. Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea basidiomes (CSIRO E604).

rect

: i

; 7

er

MYCOTAXON

Volume LXIII, pp. 37-48 June-August 1997

THREE NEW SEQUESTRATE BASIDIOMYCETES FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA N. L. BOUGHER

CSIRO Forestry & Forest Products, Private Bag, P.O. Wembley, Western Australia 6014.

ABSTRACT

Three new species of sequestrate (truffle-like) Basidiomycetes are described from southern high rainfall areas in south-west Western Australia: Macowanites luteiroseus (Russulales), Thaxterogaster basipurpureum (Cortinariales), and Thaxterogaster luteirufescens (Cortinariales).

INTRODUCTION

Sequestrate Basidiomycetes are truffle-like fungi, with underground or semi- underground basidiomes. Many of them are closely related to groups of mushroom-like Basidiomycetes. Sequestrate fungi do not forcibly discharge their spores, and are mostly dispersed by animals. In Australia, these fungi are a major source of food for some indigenous mammals such as woylies and potoroos (Claridge & May, 1994). Most sequestrate fungi are also presumed to have ectomycorrhizal associations with plants. Sequestrate Basidiomycetes are extremely diverse in Australian eucalypt forests and other vegetation types (see Beaton, Pegler & Young 1985 and preceding papers in that series). Most of these species are endemic to Australia. Examination of several thousand collections of sequestrate fungi obtained during collecting expeditions undertaken by the present author and colleagues during the past 10 years have revealed that sequestrate Agaricales, Russulales, and Cortinariales are particularly well represented (Castellano & Bougher 1994; Bougher 1995). In this paper three new putatively ectomycorrhizal Western Australian species are described: 1 from the Russulales - genus Macowanites, and 2 from the Cortinariales - genus Thaxterogaster. All are from wet eucalypt forests in southern high rainfall areas of Western Australia (W.A.). Colour illustrations of the fungi described in this paper are published in Bougher and Syme (1997).

METHODS

Basidiomes collected from the field were described, and then air-dried for later examination. Dried material was hydrated and examined in 3% KOH and Melzer's reagent. Microscopic characters were drawn with an Olympus drawing tube system. All spore measurements include the hilar appendix. Colour codes quoted are from Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Specimens designated as H numbers are held at the CSIRO Division of Forestry, Perth, Western Australia.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES

Macowanites luteiroseus Bougher, sp. nov. Figs. 1-6.

Pileus 8-35 mm latus, globosus vel hemisphaericus demum ellipsoideus ad plano- convexus, margo valde incurvatus. Color variabilis, exempli gratia omnino flavus vel cremeus vel lutescens clarus, luteus cum aliqui maculosus roseus pallus vel rosaceus omnino. Lamellae/Gleba laminare ad sublaminares, adnexae, usque ad 5 mm profundae, non plerumque aspectus verticales. Albae quum juvenes ad cremeae quum maturae. Stipes 5-22 x 3-7 mm, percurrens, cylindricus vel habens basum leviter clavatum, interior solidus ad medullosum (raro locellatum). Pagina omnino albus et non convertet quum maturus. Sporae hyalinae in KOH, amyloideae in solutio Melzer, (8) 8.5-10.5 x 6.5-8 um, subglobosae vel late ellipsoideae, ornatae. Sporae nullae efferens. Basidia 34-55 x 10-13 um, Clavata vel ventricosa, tetraspora (aliquot 1, 2). Cheilocystidia 55-100 x 10-15 um, fusiformia gracilia vel minor cylindrica. Pleurocystidia similis a cheilocystidia. Habitat sub ruderata sylvarum eucalyptarum humidarum in Australia occidentalis. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, in ruderata sylvae cum Eucalyptus diversicolor et E. jacksonii, 3.6.1995, PERTH.

Etymology: /uteiroseus refers to the yellow and rosy coloured basidiomes.

Pileus 8-35 mm broad, globose to hemispherical when as a button, expanding to broadly convex with strongly incurved margin, becoming ellipsoid or flat convex with a persistently incurved, entire margin which gradually recedes away from the stipe revealing the gleba to various degrees. Margin not translucent-striate. Colour variable: e.g. entirely pale yellow or cream (2A3) or brighter pastel yellow (3A4), yellow with some pale rosaceous mottles (8A3), or dominantly or entirely rosaceous (10C5). Sometimes the pigment becomes paler following heavy rainfall. Surface dry, very minutely soft velutinous when young (see under lens) becoming smooth, often with a white bloom (see under lens) when mature, sometimes cracking when older to expose areas of underlying white cap flesh. Lamellae/Gleba lamellate to sublamellate with few cross-walls, adnexed, up to 5 mm deep, very tightly packed and convoluted, not usually vertically orientated, 48-60 lamellae per half pileus, edge of lamellae smooth, entire at first but eroded with age, edge and face white when young maturing to cream (4A2), sometimes bruising red-brown. Latex absent. Gleba usually exposed to various degrees as the cap margin partially separates from the stipe, but in some specimens the cap margin may always remains clasped to the stipe. Stipe 5-22 x 3-7 mm, percurrent, cylindric or with slightly clavate base, interior solid then pithy (rarely chambered). Surface dry, minutely felty (see under lens), more or less finely longitudinally wrinkled when older, entirely white and unchanging with age. The stipe length varies such that it may emerge far beyond the cap like a mushroom or may not emerge at all. Veil absent. Flesh white, unchanging when cut. Basal mycelium white, sparse. Odour not distinctive. Taste mild. Spore deposit none produced. Chemical spot tests sulfovanillin red on the lamellae, gum guaiac slowly blue-green on the lamellae.

Spores hyaline in KOH or water, wall and ornamentation amyloid, (8) 8.5-10.5 x 6.5-8 mm, mean 9.2 x 7.1 mm (n = 60), thin-walled. Subglobose to broad ellipsoid in profile (some spores distinctly asymmetrical), similar or globose in face view. Ornamentation of irregularly shaped or

39

labyrinthine warts (some up to 1 mm broad but often much smaller) as seen in face view, warts ranging from mainly isolated in some spores to mostly connected by fine lines in other spores, in profile the warts appear as numerous round-topped slightly tapering pegs 0.5-1 mm tall. Ornaments are uniformly distributed and of similar size over the entire spore, and usually not reduced as a plage in the suprahilar region. Hilar appendix oblique, tapering, up to 2 mm long.

Basidia 34-55 x 10-13 mm, clavate to ventricose, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata up to 8 mm long, 4-spored (few 1, 2), clamp connection absent. Cheilocystidia 55-110 x 10-15 mm, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline except for a refractive pale yellow pigment in the cytoplasm near the apex, slender fusiform or less often cylindric with rounded or mucronate apex, abundant/crowded, mixed with basidia. Originating in the subhymenium, and projecting well beyond hymenium level. Pleurocystidia 58-125 x 12-23 mm, similar to cheilocystidia but shape more variable: e.g. slender fusiform, ventricose or near-cylindric with rounded or mucronate apex, abundant but separated singly along the gill. Originating in the subhymenium, projecting well beyond the level of the hymenium. Caulocystidia none seen (see notes on stipe pellis below). Hymenial trama hyaline in KOH, pale yellow in Melzer's reagent. Central strand narrow, composed of interwoven hyphae 2-6 mm broad, lateral regions predominantly sphaerocysts up to 20 mm broad, and relatively few hyphae. Subhymenium not well differentiated from the lateral tamal regions, composed of tightly packed globose and ellipsoid sphaerocysts up to 22 x 12 mm broad. Pileipellis/ peridium 80-175 mm broad, composed of cells up to 30 mm broad merging with the trama (some with thickened walls) giving rise to an outer narrow entangled trichoderm of smooth, thin-walled hyphae 2-5 mm broad with undifferentiated or slightly tapering end cells. Outer hyphae hyaline or pale yellow in KOH, golden yellow in Melzer's reagent. General pellis pigments: (a) from predominantly red basidiomes - dull reddish brown in water, yellow-brown in KOH, pink changing to golden yellow in Melzer's reagent. (b) from yellow basidiomes - pale yellow in water and in KOH, bright yellow in Melzer's reagent. Stipitipellis a well developed trichoderm of hyaline or pale yellow (in Meizer's reagent), smooth, thin-walled hyphae 3-6 mm broad, end-cells unswollen sometimes with a refractive pigment (similar to that of the gill cystidia). Subtended by cells up to 40 mm broad. Clamp connections absent.

Habitat and distribution Under the litter of wet eucalypt forests of south west W.A. Under Allocasuarina decussata, Acacia sp., Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. guilfoylei, E. jacksonii. |n small or large groups.

Collections examined Western Australia, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Nunn Road, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor & E. jacksonii, 3 June 19985, coll. K. Syme n.s. (holotype PERTH 04259661, isotype at CSIRO H7142). Shannon River, turn-off to Northcliffe, in litter of Eucalyptus diversicolor forest, 18 June 1981, coll. L. Sanfeliu n.s. (CSIRO H119). Nornalup, Valley of the Giants forest, junction of Old Valley Rd, Picnic Rd., and Rates Rd, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. jacksonii, E. guilfoleyi, & Allocasuarina decussata, 7 June 1992, coll. N. Bougher & K. Syme n.s. (CSIRO H6241). Nornalup, Valley of the Giants forest, Old Valley Rd, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. jacksonii, E. guilfoleyi, & Allocasuarina decussata, 7 June 1992, coll. K. Syme n.s. (CSIRO H6242). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Cemetery Rd., in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor & E. jacksonii, 13 July 1994, coll. 7. Lebel, M. Brundrett, D. Brown n.s. (CSIRO H6683). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, The Knoll, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor & E. calophylla, 14 July 1994, coll. N. Bougher n.s. (CSIRO H7020). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Gully Rd., in litter of forest with Eucalyptus jacksonii & E. marginata, 4 June1995, coll. N. Bougher & M. Alosi n.s. (CSIRO H7151).

40

DIOLS

oe

Macowanites luteiroseus basidiomes: 1. type collection 2.

SOR

CSIRO H6242.

41

Figs. 3 - 5. Macowanites luteiroseus holotype: 3. basidiospores (2000 X). 4. hymenium with a cheilocystidium and basidia (1000 X). 5. pleurocystidia (1000 X).

42

General notes

Macowanites luteiroseus is a common and abundant fungus of Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) and Tingle (E. jacksonii, E. guilfoylei) forests of south-west Western Australia but is easily overlooked as its basidiomes are usually hidden under the leaf litter. This species resembles a small, distorted or aborted Russula - i.e. cap which never fully expands, short white percurrent Stipe which often remains enveloped by the cap, and tightly packed/contorted white gills which do not yield a spore print. The basidiomes of Macowanites luteiroseus have various colours: e.g. entirely pale yellow or cream, yellow with rose mottes, or entirely rose. All such colours can be represented among basidiomes occurring in the same fruiting patch. Dried specimens retain the yellow and red colouration. About 20 species of Macowanites are known throughout the world, but none in Australia had previously been assigned to the genus. However, our collecting expeditions throughout Australia over the past ten years have yielded a large range of Macowanites species, of which M. /uteiroseus is the first to be formally named.

Fig. 6. Macowanites luteiroseus holotype: scanning electron image of basidiospores.

43 Thaxterogaster basipurpureum Bougher, sp. nov. Figs. 7, 9, 10.

Basidiomata 5-15 mm alta x 8-25 mm lata, globosa, subglobosa vel pyriformes. Peridium crassum, valde glutinosum, verrucosum sub mucus, griseo-brunneum vel roseo/purpureo- brunneum. Gleba sicca, loculata, irregularis, brunnea. Columella percurrens vel truncata. Stipes parvus, brevis, textura basalis purpurea. Sporae ferrugineae in KOH, (10) 10.5-12.5 (13) x 7.5-9 mm, late ovatae vel late obpyriformes, symmetricae, grosse verrucosae, perisporium adhaerens. Basidia 33-65 x 7-11 mm, cylindracea vel to cylindro-clavata, hyalina, tetraspora. Cystidia nulla. Peridiopellis gelatinosus. Fibulae absentes. Habitat hypogeous sub Gastrolobium, Eucalyptus, Agonis, et Allocasuarina, Australia occidentalis. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Two People's Bay, sub Gastrolobium, 31.7.1995, PERTH.

Etymology: basjpurpureum refers to the concentrated purple colour near the base of the basidiomes.

Basidiomes globose, ellipsoid to pyriform, 5-15 tall x 8-25 mm broad. Peridium thick (about 1 mm), two layers: inner layer greyish and not gelatinised, outer layer broader and gelatinised. Surface thick-slimy (not sticky) often covered with adhering soil and debris, stippled with dome- shaped bumps underneath the slime. Cream to pale tan (4B4-5B4) when young then darkening to grey-brown or reddish/purplish-brown (6F7-7F7 or 10E5) or sometimes grey-violet (duller than 17B3). Not bruising. The peridium is often pleated around the stipe. Gleba dry, with irregular empty large locules to 1 mm broad, noticeably radially elongated in some specimens, cream maturing to dark brown (6E8-7F8). Trama pale cream. Columella usually percurrent or less often truncate, up to 6 mm broad in the gleba and there whitish or dull in section. Emerging as a tapering stipe up to 3 mm long x 5 mm wide with whitish, minutely pubescent, dry surface. Where it meets the peridium the stipe is encircled by a thick collar of slime which is purplish at least when young. Flesh conspicuously bright purple (17E8) in section especially near the base of the stipe. Basal mycelium whitish, but not conspicuous. Odour similar to camphor or mothballs. Taste none.

Spores bright brown in KOH, (10) 10.5-12.5 (13) x 7.5-9 mm, mean 11.0 x 8.5 mm (n = 30). Broad ovoid to broad obpyriform in face view and profile (axially symmetrical). Coarsely warty with irregular, crowded warts appearing in profile as flat-topped pegs up to 2 mm tall x 1 mm broad. Perisporium adhering closely to the ornamentation, yellowish in KOH, also covering the apex. Hilar appendix broad (to 2 mm) but short, truncate, sometimes with a hyaline peg attached. Basidia 33-65 x 7-11 mm, cylindric to cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 4-spored, Clamp connection absent. Cystidia absent. Hymenial trama paralle| hyaline or yellow- encrusted, hyphae (3-15 mm broad), without clamp connections. The hyphae may inflate (to 35 mm broad) in older specimens. Subhymenium not differentiated. After the basidia have collapsed the hymenial elements may inflate to become vesiculose (up to 25 x 20 mm). Peridium outer broad layer of hyaline, thin-walled hyphae (2-7 mm broad) loosely arranged in a hyaline matrix. Inner layer of thicker walled, hyphae (4-10 mm broad), heavily encrusted with a bright golden yellow (in KOH) wall pigment. Hyphae sometimes appear as polygonal cells, and the pigment is concentrated in clusters. Clamp connections absent.

Habitat and distribution Buried in the ground under litter of wet Eucalyptus forests and Gastrolobium thickets. This fungus is locally abundant along the south coastal area of W.A.

44

Collections examined Western Australia, Two People's Bay Nature Reserve, Hakea Gully, in thicket dominated by Gastrolobium sp., 31 July 1995, coll. A. Danks s.n., (holotype PERTH 04259629, isotype at CSIRO H7302). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, The Knoll, under Eucalyptus calophylla & Agonis flexuosa, 6 June 1992, coll. K. Syme & N. Bougher s.n. (CSIRO H6235). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Shedley Drive, under Eucalyptus jacksonii & Allocasuarina decussata, 6 June 1992, coll. N. Bougher & K. Syme s.n. (CSIRO H6236). Nornalup, Valley of the Giants forest, corner of Thompson Rd & Rates Rad, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus jacksonii, 14 July 1994, coll. N. Bougher, D. Brown & T. Lebel n.s. (CSIRO H6684). Two People's Bay Nature Reserve, Hakea Gully, in thicket dominated by Gastrolobium sp., 31 July 1995, coll. A. Danks s.n., (CSIRO H7303). People's Bay Nature Reserve, Firebreak Gully, under Agonis flexuosa, 21 August 1991, coll. K. Syme KS338/91, (CSIRO H6255).

General notes

Thaxterogaster basipurpureum is characterised in the field by its thick, very slimy, bumpy, purplish- or reddish-grey peridium, and bright purple inside the lower part of the stipe columella. Microscopically, it has axially symmetrical and coarsely warted spores, and has no clamp connections on the hyphae. We have collected this species over many years in the south coast area of W.A., but have not observed it elsewhere in Australia. Thaxterogaster basjpurpureum has been collected in close proximity to a wide variety of mycorrhizal plants, including Gastrolobium sp., Agonis flexuosa, Eucalyptus calophylia, E. diversicolor, and Allocasuarina decussata.

Thaxterogaster luteirufescens Bougher, sp. nov. Figs. 8, 11-13.

Basidiomata globosa vel ellipsoidea lata, usque ad 20 mm lata. Peridium crassum (circa 1 mm), pagina mucosa (non glutinosa), lutea ad aurantiaca cum labes croceo-lutea in panni parvi. Gleba sicca, habens loculi irregulari grandi vacci ad 0.5 mm latus, elongata radialis non notatio, cinnamomi. Columella plerumque ad acumen angustata, vel percurrens, alba in sectionem. Basum/caulis brevissimus emergens. Sporae cinnamoneae in KOH, 12- 14.5 x 7.5-8.5 um. Ovoideae ad ellipsoideae, verruciformes. Basidia 50-83 x 8-16 um, cylindrica ad cylindro-clavata, hyalina, habens paries tenues, tetraspora. Cystidia nulla. Peridiopellis stratum exterior habens hyphae angustae hyalinae (3-5 um latus), in matricem hyalinam laxe ordinatant. Stratum interior habens hyphae latae (ad 22 um latus) et cellae polygonae (ad 30 um latus) habens paries crassi et cum pigmentum. Fibulae raro in peridium. Habitat in terram sub ruderata sepelit, meridionalis Australia occidentalis. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, sub Eucalyptus ficifolia, PERTH.

Etymology: /uteirufescens refers to the yellow and orange-red stained basidiomes.

Basidiomes globose or broad ellipsoid, up to 20 mm broad. Peridium thick (about 1 mm), whitish in section but dulling when cut. Surface slimy (not sticky). Yellow with a hint of orange

Fig. 7. Thaxterogaster basipurpureum basidiomes CSIRO H6235. Fig. 8. Thaxterogaster luteirufescens basidiomes type collection.

46

(4A6-4B7) with orange-red (6B8 or 7B8) stains in small patches. Peridium sometimes pleated around the stipe where a collar of reddish slime occurs. Gleba dry, with irregular empty large locules to 0.5 mm broad, not noticeably radially elongated, fairly bright brown (7E8-8F7). Trama whitish. Columella either tapering to a point about a third or a half of the way up into the gleba, or percurrent and then up to 2-3 mm broad. White in section. Also with a very short (up to about 1mm long), tapering or bulbous, emergent reduced stipe. This has a dry, matted-fibrillose, pale dull yellow surface. Flesh dull brown in the base, paler elsewhere. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour none. Taste none.

Spores bright brown in KOH, 12-14.5 x 7.5-8.5 mm, mean 13.1 x 8.1 mm (n = 30). Ovoid to ellipsoid in face view and profile (some very slightly axially asymmetrical). Warty with densely arranged, irregular, warts appearing in profile as flat-topped pegs up to 1 mm tall. Perisporium adhering closely to the ornamentation, pale yellowish in KOH, also covering the apex. Hilar appendix large, tapering, truncate. Basidia 50-83 x 8-16 mm, cylindric to cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 4-spored, with a small clamp connection at the base. Cystidia absent.

Hymenial trama parallel hyaline and brown-encrusted, hyphae (3-8 mm broad), with clamp connections. Some oeliferous hyphae present. Subhymenium of broad, hyaline hyphae and Cells (to 15 mm broad). After the basidia have collapsed the hymenial elements may inflate up to 40 mm broad. Peridium outer layer of narrow, hyaline hyphae (3-5 mm broad), mainly without clamp connections, some with minute hyaline wall ornamentation, loosely arranged in a hyaline matrix. Inner layer of broad hyphae (to 22 mm broad) and polygonal cells (to 30 mm broad), thick-walled and very heavily encrusted with a golden brown (in KOH) pigment. Clamp connections present in the hymenium, but rare in the peridium.

Habitat and distribution Buried in the ground under litter. Collected several times under various Eucalyptus species - e.g. E. ficifolia, E. calophylia - in south coastal area of W.A.

Collections examined Western Australia, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Nut Road, under Eucalyptus ficifolia, 10 June 1993, coll. N. Bougher s.n. (holotype PERTH 04259599, isotype at CSIRO H6357). Two People’s Bay Nature Reserve, Firebreak Gully, under Eucalyptus calophylla, 13 August 1991, coll. K. Syme KS337/97 (CSIRO H6254).

General notes

Thaxterogaster luteirufescens may be recognised in the field by its thick, slimy peridium which is yellow with orange-red stains in patches. It is placed in the genus Thaxterogaster rather than in Protoglossum (formerly Cortinomyces) because at least some specimens found so far have a percurrent stipe columella, and the spores are slightly asymmetric. However, a case could be made to include this fungus in either genus, and it highlights the indistinct boundary between the two genera. The basidiomes, peridial structure, and spores of 7. /uteirufescens are similar to those of 7. aurantiacum Horak from under Leptospermum in New Zealand (Horak 1973). However, 7. aurantiacum differs by having a more pronounced marginate bulb, and clamp connections in the peridium.

Figs. 9 - 10. Thaxterogaster basipurpureum holotype. 9. basidia (1000 X). 10. basidiospores (2000 X).

Figs. 11 - 13. Thaxterogaster luteirufescens 11. basidiospores (2000 X) holotype. 12. structure of the peridium (CSIRO H6254, bar = 20 mm). 13. basidium (1000 X) holotype.

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13

48

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Work was carried out during a project sponsored by a CSIRO Multidivisional Program on Biodiversity, and an Australian Biological Resources Study Grant. Thanks to Katrina Syme and Alan Danks who provided some crucial collections cited in this paper. Susan Bolsenbroek produced the scanning electron photograph. Ceridwen Morris helped in part to compile the Latin descriptions.

LITERATURE CITED

BEATON, G., PEGLER , D.N. and T. W. K. YOUNG (1985). Gasteroid Basidiomycota of Victoria State, Australia. 8-9. Kew Bulletin 40: 827-842.

BOUGHER, N. L. (1995). Diversity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi associated with Eucalypts. In: Mycorrhizas for Plantation Forestry in Asia. (Eds.: M. Brundrett, B. Dell, N. Malajczuk, & G. Minggin) Proceedings No. 62. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra Pp. 8-15.

BOUGHER, N. L. and K. SYME (1997). Fungi of south-west Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Perth. (In press).

CASTELLANO, M. A. and N. L. BOUGHER (1994). Consideration of the taxonomy and biodiversity of Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant & Soil 159:37-46.

CLARIDGE, A. W. and T. W. MAY (1994). Mycophagy among Australian mammals. Australian Journal of Ecology 19: 251-275.

HORAK, E. (1973). Fungi Agaricini Novaezelandiae ||. Thaxterogaster. Beihefte Nova Hedwigia 43: 87-114.

KORNERUP, A. and J. H. WANSCHER (1978). Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd Ed. Methuen & Co. Ltd., London.

MYCOTAXON

Volume LXIII, pp. 49-55 June-August 1997

TWO NEW SPECIES AND NEW REPORTS IN THE PARMELIACEAE SENSU STRICTO (LICHENIZED ASCOMYCOTINA) FROM BRAZIL

SIONARA ELIASARO

Departamento de Botdnica, S. Biolégicas, Universidade Federal do Parand, Cx. P.19031-81531-970, Curitiba, PR- Brazil (Until 1998 at the address of the second author)

MONICA T. ADLER

Departamento de Ciencias Biolégicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Piso 4, Pabellén 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina e-mail: adler9 biolo.bg.fcen.uba.ar

ABSTRACT: Parmotrema lichexanthonicum Eliasaro & Adler and Rimelia succinreticulata Eliasaro & Adler are described as new. New records are reported for three species of Bulbothrix Hale, three species of Hypotrachyna (Vain.) Hale and one of Relicina (Hale & Kurok.) Hale.

The present study is based on specimens collected mainly by the first author and are kept, unless stated otherwise, at UPCB. The abbreviations for names of herbaria correspond to the “Index Herbariorum” (Holmgren et al., 1990). Lichen substances were identified by TLC (Elix, Johnston & Parker, 1987) and by comparison with authentic samples.

Parmotrema lichexanthonicum Eliasaro & Adler sp. nov. Fig. 1

Species cum thallo et substantiis ut in Parmotrema ultralucens sed ab hac specie absentia isidiorum et apotheciis perforatis differt. Typus: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais. Santana do Riacho, Alto Palacio, Serra do Cipé, 19°22’ S, 43°32’ W; saxicolous in “campo rupestre”, 1 February, 1989, Eliasaro (UPCB 24699-holotype; BAFC 37875, CANB-isotypes).

Thallus saxicolous, grey, loosely attached to the substrate, up to 10 cm across. Lobes subirregular, elongate with rounded apices, 7-15 mm wide, 10-25 mm long, with ciliate margins; cilia up to 0.5 mm long. Upper surface faintly maculate. Medulla white. Lower surface black, dark brown below the apices of the lobes, densely rhizinate to the margins in some young lobes or a bare to papillate zone present at the apices, commonly erhizinate to the centre, rhizines concolorous, mainly simple. Apothecia up to 5 mm

50

diam., disc brown, perforate, margin and thalline exciple smooth; asci clavate, 8-spored, ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-11 x 14.5-16 jum. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, mostly grouped in submarginal areas; conidia short filiform, 6.5-7 pm long.

Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ yellow tuming red (salazinic acid, major), C-, KC-, UV+ bright yellow (lichexanthone, major).

The specific epithet refers to the presence of lichexanthone in the medulla.

Remarks. This species is closely related to the isidiate Parmotrema ultralucens (Krog) Hale (Krog, 1974, Hale, 1974, Krog et al., 1981, Elix, 1994) which also contains salazimic acid and lichexanthone in the medulla and atranorin in the upper cortex. The main taxonomic difference between the species is the absence of isidia in P. lichexanthonicum. The new species is also distinguished by the presence of apothecial perforations, a smooth exciple and faint maculation on the upper surface. In spite of these minor differences it could well be considered the parent species of P. u/tralucens.

At present P. lichexanthonicum 1s only known from the Serra do Cip6, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Rimelia succinreticulata Eliasaro & Adler sp. nov. Fig. 2

Specie cum thallo ut in Rimelia simulans sed ab hac specie acidum succinprotocetranicum et acidum fumarprotocetraricum continente differt.

Typus: BRAZIL. Paran&. Jaguanaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 24°08' S, 49°44’ W, corticolous, 16 Apnil, 1994, Eliasaro 1268 (UPCB 24709-holotype, BAFC 37876- isotype).

Thallus grey or greenish-grey, up to 10 cm across, corticolous, sorediate, soralia mainly marginal, capitate or subcapitate, occasionally submarginal and punctiform. Lobes subirregular, laciniate in some parts, 3-10 mm wide, with ciliate margins; cilia black, slender, up to 1 mm long. Upper surface markedly reticulately maculate and cracked. Medulla white. Lower surface black, moderately rhizinate, with a broad, brown or mottled, bare marginal zone at the lobe apices, or rhizinate to the margin; rhizines black, mostly simple but commonly squarrosely branched, sometimes very long (up to 2 mm). Mature apothecia not seen. Pycnidia frequent, laminal, immersed, mostly grouped in submarginal areas; conidia filiform, (9-) 10-11 (-12) jum long.

Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ faint yellow turning orange, C-, KC+ faint yellow (succinprotocetraric acid, major, fumarprotocetranic acid, major, and protocetraric acid, trace).

Fig. 1.- Holotype of Parmotrema lichexanthonicum (UPCB 24699). Scale = 1.3 cm.

Fig. 2.- Holotype of Rimelia succinreticulata (UPCB 24709). Scale = 1 cm.

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a2

Additional specimens examined: BRAZIL. Paranda. Tibagi, Guartelé, 25°32’ S, 50°19’ W, corticolous, 17 April 1994, Eliasaro 1323 (UPCB 24712, CANB); Ponta Grossa, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, saxicolous, 27 September 1995, Bundchen 60 (H); Lapa, Parque Estadual Gruta do Monge, saxicolous, 6 February 1996, Eliasaro 1729 (H).

The specific epithet refers to the presence of succinprotocetraric acid in the medulla and the reticulate pattern of maculae and cracks on the upper surface, typical of the genus Rimelia (Hale et. al., 1990).

Remarks: R. succinreticulata 1s a sorediate species, morphologically very similar to R. simulans (Hale) Hale & Fletcher and R. reticulata (Tayl..) Hale & Fletcher but differing from both in the major medullary substances, namely succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids instead of caperatic acid (R. simulans) or salazinic acid (R. reticulata).

R. succinreticulata 1s so far only known from the “Segundo Planalto” of the State of Parana.

NEW RECORDS

Bulbothrix hypocraea (Vain.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 480. 1974.

Thallus adnate, mineral prey, 2-5 cm across. Lobes sublinear, irregularly branched, 0.5- 0.8 mm wide, 0.5-0.6 mm long, with ciliate margins, cilia bulbate, commonly only present at the base of the lobes. Upper surface plane, maculate. Medulla white. Lower surface pale brown. Apothecia sessile, disc brown, 1-4 mm diam., the margin not coronate; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, 5-6 x 8-11.5 pum. Pycnidia not seen.

Chemistry: Upper surface K+ yellow (atranorin, major to minor). Medulla K+ yellow turning red (salazinic acid, major; norstictic acid, minor).

Specimens examined: Parana. Jaguaniaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 24°08’, 49°44’ W, 16 Apnil 1994, Eliasaro 1265, 1267 (UPCB 24301, 24300); Tocantins. Lizarda. Fazenda Morro Redondo, 09°34’ S, 46°43’ W, 600 m.s.m.; 18 August 1992, Eliasaro 929 (UPCB 21813).

Remarks: The African and Brazilian (Hale, 1976) species B. hypocraea was formerly known from the States of Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais and is here recorded for the first time for Parana and Tocantins.

Bulbothrix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 480. 1974.

Thallus greenish-grey, 4-5 cm across. Lobes subirregular, 8-10 mm wide, with ciliate margins, cilia bulbate, mainly at the lobe axils, frequently only present at the bases of the lobes. Upper surface plane, maculate, densely isidiate, isidia simple to branched. Medulla white. Lower surface pale brown, moderately rhizinate, rhizines brown, simple. Apothecia and pycnidia not seen.

53

Chemistry: Upper surface K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ yellow turning red (salazinic acid, major).

Specimens examined: Paran&. Jaguariaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 24°08’ S, 49°44’ W, 16 April 1994, Eliasaro 1264a (UPCB 24705); Curitiba, Centro Politécnico, 25°26’ S, 49°18’ W, 3 August 1993, Eliasaro 1021 (UPCB 22151).

Remarks: B. isidiza, a pantropical species (Hale, 1976), formerly known from the Brazilian States of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Para, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, is here reported for the first tume from the State of Parana.

Bulbothrix ventricosa (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 481. 1974.

Thallus greenish grey, adnate, 2-4 cm. across. Lobes subirregular, 1-3 mm wide, with ciliate margin, cilia conspicuous, with bulbate base. Upper surface plane, slightly maculate or not, moderate to densely isidiate. Medulla white. Lower surface dark brown to black, moderately rhizinate, rhizines black, simple. Apothecia and pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorn, minor). Medulla K+ yellow tuming red (norstictic acid, major).

Specimens examined. Paran&. Curitiba, Parque Barigui, 25°26' S, 49°18’ W, 800 m.s.m, corticolous, 8 March 1994, Eliasaro 1202, 1212, 1221 (UPCB 24706, 24707, 24716).

Remarks: B. ventricosa was formerly known from Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, South Africa and Brazil (Para). Its distribution is here extended to the State of Parana.

Hypotrachyna dentella (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 25: 33. 1975.

Thallus saxicolous or corticolous, loosely attached, light greenish-grey, 4 cm across. Lobes irregular and imbricate, 2-3 mm wide. Upper surface plane, isidiate, isidia cylindrical, erect, brownish apically, simple at first but becoming branched at maturity. Medulla white. Lower surface black, moderately rhizinate, rhizines concolorous, dichotomoustly branched. Apothecia and pycnidia nor seen.

Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ orange, C+ KC (echinocarpic acid, major, barbatic acid, minor, and 4-0-demethylbarbatic acid, minor).

Specimens examined: Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte. Parque Municipal, 19°53’ S, 43°56’ W, corticolous, 31 May 1993, Eliasaro 992 (UPCB 24811). Rio de Janeiro. Petropolis. Deventer (G, lectotype by Hale of Parmelia laevigata var. ceratina = P. dentella Hale & Kurok.).

Remarks: H. dentella, formerly known from the USA, Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil (States of Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul) is here recorded for the first time for the State of Minas Gerais.

54 Hypotrachyna flavida (Zahlbr.) Hale, Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 25: 37. 1975.

Thallus adnate, yellowish-green. Lobes _sublinear, short, 0.4-1.3 mm wide. Medulla white. Lower surface black, rhizinate to the margin, rhizines dichotomously branched. Apothecia laminal, sessile, disc brown, 2-4 mm diam., ascospores 4-6 x (6-) 7-11 pm. Pycnidia not seen.

Chemistry: Upper cortex K- (usnic acid, major). Medulla K-, C-, KC- (protocetraric acid, major; physodalic acid, major; and an unidentified depside).

Specimens examined: Paran&. Tibagi. GuartelA, 25°32’ S, 50°19’ W, 17 April 1994, Eliasaro 1316, 1317, 1318 (UPCB 24713, 24714, 24715).

Remarks. H. flavida, formerly known from Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil (States of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro), 1s here reported for the first time for Parana.

Hypotrachyna silvatica (Lynge) Hale, Smithsonian Contnb. Bot. 25: 63. 1975.

Thallus corticolous, pale grey, tightly attached, 2-3 mm across. Lobes sublinear, (0.5-) 1- 0.8 (-2) mm wide, subdichotomously branched, with truncate apices. Upper surface plane, emaculate. Medulla white in the upper side, reddish-orange in the lower half. Lower _ surface black, moderately rhizinate, rhizines simple to rarely dichotomously branched. Apothecia common, with crenate margin, sessile, up to 5 mm diam., disc light brown; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, 5-7 x 9.5-12 tum. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, conidia bifusiform, 6-6.5 um long.

Chemistry: Upper cortex K- (lichexanthone, major). Medulla K- to slightly K+ yellow in the upper half (protocetraric acid, major), K+ purple in the lower half (unidentified anthraquinone, major).

Specimens examined: Mato Grosso. Santa Anna da Chapada, Malme 2393* (S, lectotype by Hale of Parmelia silvatica Lynge), Malme (S, lectotype by Hale of P. crustacea Lynge), Malme 2393*** (S, lectotype by Hale of P. silvatica var. pinnata Lynge), Malme 2393** (S, lectotype by Hale of P. silvativa var. radiata), Serra da Chapada, Bunti, Malme (S) in Lichenes Austroamericani 87. Parana. Tibagi. Canion Guartela, 25°32’ S, 50°19’ W, 20 November 1993, Elasaro 1104 (UPCB 24818); Jaguaniaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 25°32’ S, 50°19’W, 16 Apml 1994, Eliasaro 1263, 1274 (UPCB 24823, 24821).

Remarks: H. silvatica, a Brazilian endemic, formerly recorded only for the States of Mato Grosso and Para, is here reported for the first time for the State of Paranda, extending its distribution to the SE.

Relicina abtrusa (Vain.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 484. 1974.

Thallus saxicolous or corticolous, yellowish-green, adnate, 4-10 cm across. Lobes with truncate apices and ciliate margins, up to 2 mm wide, cilia bulbate, 0.1-0.5 mm long. Upper surface plane, sparse to densely isidiate, isidia erect, simple or branched, commonly with brown apices, isolated or in groups. Medulla white. Lower surface black,

55

brown and papillate in a zone bellow the apices or black to the margin, rhizines black, simple. Apothecia sessile, coronate, thalline exciple isidiate or not, disc brown; ascospores 4.5-6 x 6.5-7.5 jum. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, conidia not seen.

Chemistry: Upper cortex K- or K+ yellow (usnic acid, major; atranorin +; lichexanthone +). Medulla K+ yellow turning red (norstictic acid, major).

Selected specimens examined: Parana. Tibagi, Canion Guartela, 25° 32’ S, 50° 19'W, saxicolous, 17 Apnil 1994, Eliasaro 1309 (UPCB 24815), corticolous, Eliasaro 1319 (UPCB 24819); Cuntiba, Parque Bangui, 25°26’ S, 49°18’ W, 800 m.s.m, corticolous, 29 August 1994, C. Morales 56 (UPCB 24825). Tocantins. Lizarda, Fazenda Morro Redondo, 09°34' S, 46°43’ W, corticolous, 19 August 1992, Eliasaro 922 (UPCB 22125).

Remarks: R. abtrusa, “a very common species in both the New World and the Old World” (Hale, 1975), was formerly recorded for the Brazilian States of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sado Paulo, Bahia, Goias and Para. These are the first reports for Parana and Tocantins.

ACKNOWLEDEGEMENTS: the authors thank the keepers of the herbaria G and S for the loan of collections; Prof. John A. Elix for the revision of the manuscript; and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (Argentina) for finacial support to M. T. Adler.

REFERENCES

Elix, J. A. (1994). Parmotrema, Flora of Australia 55: 140-163. CSIRO. Australia.

Elix, J. A., Johnston, J. & Parker, J. L. (1987). A Computer Program for the Rapid identification of lichen products. Mycotaxon 31: 89-99.

Hale, M. E. (1974). Notes on species of Parmotrema (Lichenes: Parmeliaceae) containing yellow pigments. Mycotaxon 1: 105-116.

Hale, M. E. (1975). A monograph of the lichen genus Relicina (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 26: 1- 32.

Hale, M. E. (1976). A monograph of the lichen genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 32: 1-29.

Hale, M. E. & Fletcher, A.. (1990). Rimelia Hale & Fletcher, a new lichen genus (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae). Bryologist 93: 23-29.

Holmgren, P. K., Holmgren, N. H. & Barnett, L. C. (1990). Index Herbariorum. 8th de. Part Y.: The herbaria of the world. Regnum Veg. 120: 1-693.

Krog, H. (1974). Parmelia ultralucens, a new lichen species in subgenus Amphigymnia. Bryologist 77: 253-256.

Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981). Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 143-231.

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MYCOTAXON

ne A ae Ne ET Ee nL 22) ole alee ee ee Volume LXIII, pp. 57-70 June-August 1997

POLYMORPHISM OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES IN PUNCTELIA PUNCTILLA (PARMELIACEAE, LECANORALES) AND THE DELIMITATION OF THE SPECIES

MONICA T. ADLER

Departamento de Ciencias Biolégicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Piso 4, Pabellén 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.

e-mail 9 biolo.bg fcen.uba.ar

ABSTRACT: The ontogeny and polymorphism of the vegetative propagules of Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog, which have previously been misinterpreted, are described with detail. A similar propagule polymorphism was observed in specimens which fit in the diagnosis of P. missouriensis G. Wilh. & Ladd. Consequently, a wide concept of P. punctilla is proposed, considering the name P. missouriensis as a synonym, and its distnibution is extended.

Introduction

When Krog (1982) segregated the new genus Punctelia characterized by the pseudocyphellae in the upper surface, she placed P. punctilla in subgenus Punctelia, mainly because of the presence of atranorin in the upper cortex and the unciform conidia. Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) had previously described P. punctilla as a saxicolous, isidiate species, with a pale brown lower surface and medullary lecanoric acid. Some of the principal types of propagules present and their ontogeny, were well interpreted in the latin diagnosis: “...cortex..., lobulato-isidiatus, isidiis primo papuilliformibus, deinde cylindricis, postremo parum expansis, decumbentibus, dorsiventralisque, aetate densis”. Thus, papilliform, cylindrical and dorsiventral isidia (phyllidia sensu Hawksworth, 1984) as well as lobules, were recognized as the main types of propagules, but neither soredia nor sorediate phyllidia were mentioned.

The isidia of P. punctilla were later described, as follows: 1) “isidia low, papilliform or sparingly branched, with a dull surface” (Krog, 1982), 2) “isidia laminal, crowded, at first papilliform, becoming cylindnical, simple or sparingly branched, rarely flattened, with a poorly developed cortical layer and a matt appearance” (Swinscow & Krog, 1988), 3) “asidia low, papilliform or sparingly branched with a dull surface” (Riefner, 1989), and 4) “isidia... cylindrical to somewhat flattened, darkly apiculate and frequently coralloid-branched” (Wilhelm & Ladd, 1992). All of these authors considered P. punctilla to be a saxicolous species.

58

On the other hand, P. missouriensis (also with pale brown lower surface and medulla containing lecanoric acid) was described by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992) as a corticolous species whose propagules were interpreted as coarse soredia, granular to often lobuliform, sometimes partly corticate and occurring in small clusters of 10 or fewer per soralium. These authors consider that P. punctilla, is “coarsely isidiate..., superficially similar to P. missouriensis”, but lacking the “well-defined soredia” and the “flattened, sorediose lobules” of P. missouriensis.

The present work has established that the propagules of P. punctilla and P. missouriensis really display analogous polymorphism and that the perceived differences are not significant at the species level.

Material and Methods

This work is based on an examination of saxicolous and corticolous specimens of Punctelia with pale lower surface, a white medulla containing lecanoric acid, a grey pseudochyphellate upper cortex containing atranorin and forming secondary propagules, either polymorphic isidia or soredia as the predominant types. In the first group (P. punctilla plus P. missouriensis), only 22 % of the corticolous and 68 % of the saxicolous specimens cited had pycnidia, whereas 4 % of the former and 24 % of the latter had apothecia. In the second group (P. subrudecta), only the pycnidiate specimens (mostly corticolous) are cited. |

The collections studied are housed at ASU, BAFC, BM, CANB, GB, H, LD, MOR, S and US. The abbreviated herbarium names follow Holmgren et al. (1990). The identification of lichen substances was achieved by means of thin layer chromatography (Culberson & Ammann, 1979), using authentic samples for comparison.

For routine observations with the light microscope, thallus sections were cut with a razor blade, softened in 5 % KOH and stained with 1 % phloxin, or alternatively, the KOH was washed away and staining was achieved with cotton blue in lactophenol. Permanent thin sections (5 ym thick) for photomicrographs, were prepared as described for transmission electron microscopy (D'Ambrogio de Argiieso, 1986) but mounted on slides and stained for light microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was performed with a Joel SEM JSM-T 100 microscope where air dried samples were covered with gold.

Results and discussion

It was possible to distinguish two major groups within the collections: those with secondary soralia developing only farinose to granular soredia (corresponding to P. sub-

Fig.1. Polymorphism of the vegetative propagules in Punctelia punctilla (inchading P. missouriensis): ontogenetic relation of the different forms. Comments and interpretation in the text. Scale= 0.5 mm. 7

ah)

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rudecta) and those showing a much greater variation in form and structure of the propagules, representing P. punctilla (including P. missouriensis). The various types of propagules in this second group and their ontogeny, are illustrated schematically in Fig. 1. The progression from 1 to 5 shows the pseudocyphellae enlarging without development of propagules. The large pseudocyphellae with a white rim (Fig. 1- 4 and 5), are present in many saxicolous specimens and have been mentioned by Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) and Krog (1982), but are infrequent in the corticolous specimens studied. A feature common to both saxicolous and corticolous specimens, is the presence of cracks, spreading out from many pseudocyphellae (Fig. 1- 6, 7, 8 and 10), as described previously by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992) for P. missouriensis. Fig..1- 6 and 7 also illustrate young primordia of propagules; the stage represented in Fig. 1- 7 is shown in the photograph (Fig. 2a) taken of a corticolous Argentine specimen. A longitudinal section of one of these large soredia or primordia (Fig. 2b) shows that they are frequently slightly dorsiventral, stiff and enclosed within a gelatinous envelope. Fig. 2c shows a cracked pseudocyphella with smaller (younger) “well-defined soredia” in a saxicolous specimen.

Small masses of soredia (Fig. 2e and in section, Fig. 3a) are frequently present on saxicolous specimens; they may eventually become larger by coalescence (Fig. 1- 13, 14 and Fig. 2d). Soredia masses are frequently observed on the same thallus where “papilliform isidia”, phyllidia and lobules are present. For example, Fig. 2e shows a “papilliform isidium” growing out adjacent to a small mass of soredia.

According to Wilhelm & Ladd (1992): “the cortical pseudocyphellae of P. punctilla, although sometimes appearing incipiently erumpent, do not develop into aggregated proups of well-defined soredia”; nevertheless they have been observed in the corticolous (Fig. 2a, b) as well as in the saxicolous specimens (e.g. Fig. 2c). The larger “well-defined soredia” function as primordia of cylindroid isidia (Fig 1- 15, 16 and 17), phyllidia (Fig. 1- 9, 10, 11 and 12) and lobules (Fig. 1- 18 and 19).

The more or less cylindrical propagules (cylindroid isidia), frequently have pseudocyphellae at the tips (Fig. 1- 15 and 16); these are the “cylindrical isidia” of P. punctilla sensu Hale and other authors. The early stage of their development (here interpreted as “papilliform isidia”) is represented in surface view in Fig. 1- 8 and in longitudinal section, in Fig. 3b. These papilliform isidia lack cortical tissue. In advanced stages they may branch (Fig. 1- 15 and 16) and frequently become deformed (Fig. 1- 17). Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) originally described the main types of propagules of P. punctilla as “isidia... at first papilliform, becoming cylindrical, simple or sparsely branched, rarely flattened, with a poorly developed cortical layer and a matt appearance”.

Fig. 2. Propagule primordia and soredia in Argentine specimens of Punctelia punctilla. a) Cracked pseudocyphella with propagule primordia or “well-defined soredia” (arrow) in a corticolous specimen (BAFC 37140); scale = 0.25 mm. b) Section of the primordium shown in a) with gelatinous covering (arrow); scale = 200 ym. c) Young cracked pseudocyphella with small “well defined soredia” (SEM ) in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 35681); scale = 100 ym. d) Large mass of soredia (SEM) in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 36082); scale = 0.4 mm. e) Part of an old pseudocyphella with a small mass of soredia (right) and a papilliform isidium (left), (SEM), in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 35681); scale = 100 pm.

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However, the present study shows that whereas the “papilliform isidia” are very frequent, true cylindrical isidia are almost absent and that phyllidia, masses of coalescent soredia and lobules are common. The phyllidia are only corticated dorsally, whereas the lobules have dorsal and ventral cortical tissue and frequently small marginal (Fig. 1- 18) or ventral pseudocypellae (Fig 1- 19b). The cortex of the cylindroid isidia and phyllidia may frequently be poorly developed, as observed by Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) and other authors. The young phyllidia as shown in Fig. 3c and 3d, can also be interpreted as “papilliform isidia". A longitudinal section of one such propagules (Fig. 3e) shows that they are dorsiventral, ecorticate, but sorrounded by a gelatinous covering. A cortical tissue may later develop (Fig. 3f).

In the specimens with propagule polymorphism, it was observed that: 1) the mature esorediate phyllidia of corticolous North American specimens (Fig. 4a) were identical to mature phyllidia of saxicolous Argentine collections (Fig. 4d) both showing similar stages of development (e.g. Fig 3b, c and d) and 2) the main types of propagules in corticolous collections from both South and North America were identical, although present in variable proportion depending on the particular specimen.

Only minor, taxonomically insignificant differences, have been observed between the corticolous and the saxicolous specimens: 1) thallus and propagules are rarely brown- tinged in the former, whereas they are usually brownish-grey in the latter (a consequence of exposure to light) and 2) large, white-rimmed pseudocyphellae (Fig.1- 4 and 5) are infrequent in the corticolous specimens, but are common in the saxicolous collections. These white-rimmed pseudocyphellae may become quite large without forming propagules; these could be a result of periods of thallus growth under conditions of low water content (frequent on rocks), which could hinder algal division and propagule development, during the expansion of the pseudocyphellae. Although Krog (1982) used this feature as a key character for P. punctilla, the present observations indicate that the white rim is actually an ecological modification of the pseudocyphellae. Consequently, it does not constitute a consistent, morphological character for the distinction of P. punciilla.

It has also been observed that mature phyllidia (branched or not) may develop marginal or both marginal and ventral soredia (Fig. 1- 11, 12 and Fig. 5) in corticolous as well as in saxicolous specimens. These sorediate phyllidia have been called "sorediose lobules" by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992), who describe them as “infrequently simple branched" and as “sometimes occurring in P. missouriensis". A SEM photograph of two unbranched sorediate phyllidia in a corticolous Argentine specimen, is shown in Fig. 5a. Sections of such dorsally corticated phyllidia from a saxicolous Argentine specimen, are —

Fig. 3. Propagules of Punctelia punctilla in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 35681). a) Section of a sorediate pseudocyphella ; scale = 50 pm. b) Section of pseudocyphella with papilliform isidia; scale = 50 ym. c) Young phyllidia (SEM) as indicated by the arrow; scale = 0.4 mm. d) Detail of c); scale = 100 pm. e) A longitudinal section of a young phyllidium as shown in d) with thin gelatinous covering (arrow); pf = point of fixation); scale = 200 um. f) Section of propagules (SEM): young primordium (white arrow), young phyllidium (black arrow, left) and mature corticate phyllidum (black arrow, right); scale = 80 pm.

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Ran Ke eS as

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shown in Fig. 5b, c and d. Sorediate phyllidia have not been described before for P. punctilla, but are actually common in many saxicolous Argentine specimens, and were observed in the holotype and other African collections cited by Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977). The presence of such in both P. missouriensis and P. punctilla, supports the synonymy of these entities.

As the diagnosis of P. missouriensis did not include the type of conidia present (Wilhelm & Ladd, 1992), their precise characterization remained undetermined. Nevertheless, approximately a 30% of the corticolous Argentine specimens studied, have pycnidia with unciform to straight conidia, and in all other features are identical to the corticolous North American exemplares examined. This supports the assumption made by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992) that P. missouriensis had unciform conidia and reinforces the view that this species is the corticolous form of P. punctilla. P. subrudecta is considered to be a species closely related to P. punctilla, as both species have unciform conidia mixed with a variable proportion of straight ones (Fig. 6). The conidia were found to be, (4-) 5-7 (-8) pm long in P. punctilla and (3.5-) 4-6 (-6.5) jum in P. subrudecta. These two species differ only in the type of vegetative propagules produced, namely polymorphic propagules in the former and farinose to granular soredia in the latter.

Conclusion

The above reinterpretation of the propagules present in P. punctilla leads to a broad concept for this species, as detailed in the following description.

Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog

Nord. J. Bot. 2: 291 (1982).- Parmelia punctilla Hale, in Krog & Swinscow, Norw. J. Bot. 24: 172 (1977). [Typus: South Afnica, Distr. Bergville, Cathedral Peak Area, 5,500 m, Indumeni Forest, on rock, Almborm 8941, 3 November 1953 (LD-holotype!; US- isotype, not seen)].- Punctelia missouriensis Wilhelm & Ladd, Mycotaxon 44: 495 (1992). [Typus: USA, Crawford County, Onondaga Cave State Park, on Juniperus virginiana, Ladd & Wilhelm ‘15879, 22 December 1991 (MOR- holotype, COLO, F, IML, LSU, MICH, NY, O, OMA- isotypes not seen; BAFC 37223, US-isotypes!].

Fig. 4. a) Isotype of Punctelia missouriensis (BAFC) showing the well developed phyllidia (SEM) in the central parts of the thallus; scale = 0.5 mm. b), c) d) A saxicolous specimen of Punctelia punctilla (BAFC 35680) (SEM): b) Young phyllidia (black arrows) and soredia (white arrow) in young parts of the thallus, c) and d) Mature, dorsally corticate phyllidia, in the central parts of the thallus; scale = 0.5 mm.

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Thallus foliose, up to 15 cm diam., corticolous, saxicolous, or growing over saxicolous mosses, brownish or greenish-grey, closely attached to the substrate. Lobes subirregular, frequently apically rounded, crenate to incised, 2-7 mm broad. Upper surface and margins pseudocyphellate, pseudocyphellae punctiform, at first 0.05-0.2 mm diam., not marginate, at maturity 0.5-0.8 mm diam., often with a white rim in saxicolous specimens. Propagules developing inside the pseudocyphellae, polymorphic: including soredia; papilliform isidia; cylindroid + commonly branched isidia; + sorediate, + branched phyllidia, and lobules; cortical tissue frequently poorly developed in cylindroid isidia. Medulla white. Lower surface pale brown to yellowish-white, usually darker at the lobe apices, rhizines concolorous, simple or irregularly branched. Apothecia shortly stipitate, disc brown, imperforate, up to 0.8 mm diam., amphithecium pseudocyphellate, sometimes with secondary propagules; asci 8-spored, ascospores (6-) 7-10 (-13) x (8-) 10-14 (-16) jm. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, grouped submarpinally on the lobes. Conidia unciform to straight, (4-) 5-7 (-8) pm long.

Chemistry: upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin); medulla K-, C+ red to pink, KC+ red, containing lecanoric acid (major) and one to three unidentified depsides (minor/trace).

Remarks: Punctelia punctilla and P. subrudecta are closely related species with most taxonomicaly important characters in common. They differ consistently only in the type of propagules developing from the pseudocyphellae. As correctly stated by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992): "P. subrudecta has farinose to finely granular soredia occurring in large numbers in each soralium". However the present study established that phyllidia and lobules are occasionally formed in P. subrudecta, but very rarely. On the other hand, P. punctilla shows propagule polymorphism where phyllidia (either sorediate or not) are very frequent.

Distribution: Punctelia punctilla was first described from South Africa (Hale in Krog & Swinscow, 1977). Later this species was recorded from South America (Argentina, Mendoza Province) by Ferraro (1986) and Osorio (1987) (from Buenos Aires Province). Its distribution is here extended within Argentina, to the Provinces of Santiago del Estero (growing on trees and bushes), Corrientes (corticolous), Cérdoba (corticolous and saxicolous), and Rio Negro (corticolous). Saxicolous colonies of this species are very common on rocks in Cordoba and Buenos Aires Provinces. It is also recorded here for the first time from Venezuela (corticolous).

Riefner (1989) cited this species from California, the first North American collections recorded as growing on rocks. The present work extends this distribution within the USA to ten States, where P. missouriensis was cited as being common on trees (Wilhem & Ladd, 1992). Further studies are required to clarify the total range of P. punctilla.

Fig. 5. Sorediate phyllidia in Punctelia punctilla. a) Marginally sorediate phyllidia (SEM) in a corticolous specimen (BAFC 37139); scale = 0.25 mm. e) Sorediate phyllidium (schematic), showing the section planes of b, c and d ; scale = 0.5 mm. b) Longitudinal section of a phyllidium in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 37243) with ventral soredia (arrows); scale = 100 um. c) Tangential section; scale = 100 ym. d) Transverse section, with ventral and marginal soredia (arrows); scale = 50 pum.

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Fig.6. Conidia in Punctelia punctilla(A) and P. subrudecta (B). Scale = 10 pm.

Specimens examined:

Punctelia punctilla. NORTH AMERICA. USA: Ilhnois, Saline County, on Juniperus virginiana, Wilhelm & Johnson, 22.[X.1988, (BAFC 37237, dupl. of MOR #16619, BAFC 37239, 37241, dupl. of MOR #16553), on Carya tomentosa (BAFC 37225, dupl. of MOR #16566); Missoun, Crawford County, Onondaga Cave State Park, Ladd & Wilhelm, 22.X1I.1991 (BAFC 37223, US, isotypes of Punctelia missourensis), Reynolds County, on Juniperus virginiana, Wilhelm, 31.VIII.1982 (BAFC 37224, dupl. of MOR #10533).- AFRICA. Basutoland: Div. Leribe, Gorge, Kofler, 1.XII.1963 (LD), Oxbow, 2700 m, Kofler, 30.X1.1963 (LD), Buthabuthe, Kofler 3 12 18 23, 1.X1I.1963 (LD), Mt. Moshoeshoe, Kofler 23.11.1963 (LD); Div. Maseru, bank of the Makhaleng River, Kofler, 31.V.1962 (LD), Roma Valley, Kofler, 24.VI.1962 (LD), S side of Roma Valley, Kofler, 1.V1I.1962 (LD).- South Africa: Orange Free State, Div. Ladybrandt, on sandstone, 1500-1800 m, Maas Gesteranus 6547, 18.XI.1949 (LD); Cape Prov., Distr. Madadiele Porter's Hook., boulders at the waterfall, Héeg, 14.10.1929 (LD); Distr. Dardricht, Héeg, 21.11.1929, (LD); Div. Elliot, Héeg, 1.XII.1929 (LD); Natal, Distr. Vryheid, 5 miles N of Vr., on steep rock N. of road, Almbom 8027, 24.X.1953 (LD); Distr. Bergville, Cathedral Peak Area, 5500 m, Indumeni Forest O. Almborn 8911, 3.X1.1953 (LD-Holotype). - SOUTH AMERICA. Venezuela: Mérida, entre San Juan de Lagunilla y Las Gonzales, 900 m, corticolous, mixed with P. perreticulata, Hale 42341A, 24.1.1974 (US). Argentina: Santiago del Estero Prov., Departamento de El Copo, Pirpintos, on Schinopsis lorentzii, J. Protomastro, 11.1985 (BAFC 37152, 37153, 37339, MOR), corticolous, J. Protomastro, IV.1985 (BAFC 37133, 37136), Reserva de El Copo, corticolous, J. Protomastro, 11.1985 (BAFC 37134), J. Protomastro, VI.1985 (BAFC 37135), J. Protomastro, 1.1986 (BAFC 37132, 37137, 37138, MOR), on Acacia praecox, J. Protomastro, 11.1986 (BAFC 37139, 37140, MOR); Corentes Prov., Departamento Capital, San Cayetano, corticolous, L. Ferraro 3110, 18.11.1985 (H); Cérdoba Prov., 9 Km from Tanti on route 28, on rock, Adler, X.1985 (BAFC 37194, 37195), 1 Km from El Observatorio Adler, X.1985 (BAFC 37143); Cerro Colorado, corticolous in bosque serrano, C. Estrabou (BAFC 37248a), saxicolous in bosque serrano, C. Estrabou, [11.1995 (BAFC 37248a),; La Cumbre, Balneario El Chornito, on rock, N. Scutari, XI.1992 (BAFC 37340, H); Segunda Usina Embalse Cassafourth (32°10'S, 64°23'W), on rock in bosque serrano, N. Vischi, 17.[V.1986 (BAFC 37145, 37146) ; Buenos Aires Prov., Partido de San Vicente, Domselaar, Arroyo Manantial, on

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Salix sp., Adler & J. Protomastro, 29.VI.85 (BAFC 37198); Partido de Balcarce, Balcarce, INTA, on rock, Adler [11.1988 (BAFC 37166), Partido de Olavarria, Olavarria, Sierra La China, on rock, Adler, I11.1986 (BAFC 35683, 35684, 37161, 37162, 37164); Partido de Tandil, Tandil, La Movediza, on granitic rock, Adler, 1.1987 (BAFC 35920, 37163), Parque Independencia, on rock, Adler, X1.1989 (BAFC 37149, H; BAFC 37157), Sierra del Tigre, Adler, X1I.1989 (BAFC 37150); Partido de Tornquist, Abra del Pantanoso Viejo, on route 76, on rock, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37266, H; BAFC 37277, 37278, H; BAFC 37279, 37280, 37281, 37330, 37332), Abra de la Ventana, at the base of Cerro Bahia Blanca, on route 76, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37246, 37253, 37265, S; BAFC 37270, 37271, 37272, GB), Arroyo La Blanqueada, N. Scutari, [X.1989 (BAFC 37154), Arroyo Los Helechos, Adler, V.1986 (BAFC 35680, 35681, 35798, 37147, 37151, 37158, 37165); Cerro del Amor, on rock or saxicolous mosses, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37273, CANB; BAFC 37274, ASU; BAFC 37275; 37276; 37333, 2 dupl. LD, MOR; BAFC 37335), El Pinar, on rock, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37242, 37243, CANB; BAFC 37244, 37245, 37267, 37268, MOR; BAFC 37269, S), El Portillo, on rock, N. Scutari, [IX.1989 (BAFC 37159, ASU), Parque Forestal Provincial, on rock or saxicolous mosses, Adler, V.1986 (BAFC 35677, 35678, CANB; BAFC 37144; 37148; 37156; 37160), G. Vobis, V.1986 (BAFC 35679; 35682; 36081; 36082); Rio Negro Prov., Nahuel Huapi National Park, Cerro Tronador, on Nothofagus pumilio, P. Ranta 2023, 29.X.1983 (H).

Punctelia subrudecta. EUROPE.- Poland. Tobolewski: Lichenoth. Pol. 220 (US).- Hungary: Bokk Mts., VIII.1967, Fornss (GB 98114); Stomfa, Pozsony, VI.1914 Zahlbruckner & Timké (GB 98126).- Montenegro: VI.1971, Vitikainen 7280 (H).- Slovenia: Volcji Potok, VI.1978, Issakaimen (H).- Germany: Baden, [X.1893, Duh (GB 98120).- Italy: Liguria: Spotorno, [X.1935, Sbarbaro (US).- Canary Islands: Gran Canaria, IV.1975, Krog & @sthagen 832 (S).- AUSTRALASIA. New Zealand: North Island, Wellington, V.1962, Wade 57 (BM).- ASIA. India: Tamil, 1973, Hale 40164 (US).- Indian Ocean: Iles St-Paul, 1874-75, G. de I'Isle (H-NYL 35033, lectotype of Parmelia subrudecta Nyl., by Hale 1965).-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The author thanks the keepers of the following herbaria: BM, GB, H, LD, S and US for the loan of collections; Dr. G. Wilhelm (MOR) for the gift of duplicates of North American specimens; Biol. C. Estrabou for the gift of duplicate specimens from her personal herbarium; Dr. John A. Elix for the revision of the manuscnpt; Dra. E. Ancibor for advices on the anatomical aspects of the work; the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (Argentina) and the Universidad de Buenos Aires for financial support .

References

Culberson, C.F. & Ammann, K.. (1979). Standardmethode zur Dtnnschicht- chromatographie von Flechtensubstanzen. Herzogia 5: 1-24.

D'Ambrogio de Argiteso, A.(1986). Manual de técnicas de histologia vegetal. Ed. Hemisferio Sur S.A. 1a Edicién.

Ferraro, L. I. (1986). Contribution to the study of Argentine Parmeliaceae. The genus Punctelia Krog and Flavopunctelia (Krog) Hale. Phytologia 61: 189-203. 2

pl. Oregon.

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Ferraro, L. I. (1986). Contribution to the study of Argentine Parmeliaceae. The genus Punctelia Krog and Flavopunctelia (Krog) Hale. Phytologia 61: 189-203. 2 pl. Oregon.

Hawksworth, D.L. & Hill, D.J. (1984). The lichen-forming fungi. Blackie, Glasgow and London. 158 pp.

Holmgren, P. K., Holmgren, N.H. & Bamett L.C.(1990). Index Herbariorum. 8th ed. Part L.: The herbaria of the world. Regnum Veg. 120: 1-693.

Krog, H. (1982). Punctelia, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae. Nord. J. Bot. 2: 287-292.

Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1977). The Parmelia borreri group in East Africa. Norw. J. Bot. 24: 167-177.

Osono, H.S. (1987). Contnbution to the lichen flora of Argentina. XVI. Lichens from Sierra de La Ventana, Buenos Aires Province. Comun. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo. 4(78): 1-11.

Riefner, R. E., Jr. (1989). Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog, new to North Amenica. Phytologia 67: 254-257.

Wilhelm, G. & D. Ladd (1992). A new species of the lichen genus Punctelia from the Midwestern United States. Mfycotaxon 44: 495-504.

Swinscow, T. D. V. & Krog, H. (1988). Macrolichens of East Africa. 390 pp. Bnt. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). 1st ed.

MYCOTAXON

Volume LXIII, pp. 71-76 June-August 1997

A NEW CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS AGARICUS IN CHILE. AGARICUS WRIGHTII SP.NOV.

by

E. VALENZUELA?, P. HEINEMANN?, F. ESTEVE-RAVENTOS?, S. GARNICA*, M. POLETTE? & W. CASTELLS*

1. Instituto de Microbiologia. Fac. de Ciencias. Universidad Austral de Chile. Casilla 167. Valdivia. Chile.

2. Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Unité d’Enseignement et Recherche de Biologie végétale. B-5030 Gembloux. Belgique.

3. Departamento Biologia Vegetal (Botanica). Universidad de Alcala de Henares. 28871 Madrid. Spain.

4. Instituto de Filologia Hispanica. Fac. de Filosofia y Humanidades. Universidad Austral de Chile. Casilla 167. Valdivia. Chile.

Summary: Seven taxa of Agaricus (Agaricaceae) collected in Nothofagus’ sps. and Pinus radiata forests, lawns and grasslands of Valdivia (south of Chile) and its surroundings are reported and/or commented upon. Macrophotographs of the morphological characters of some of them are added. Agaricus wrightii is proposed as a new species and Agaricus crocodilinus constitutes a new record for the Chilean mycological catalogue and, according to our data, also for South America.

Key words: Agaricus Wr Giei 2, Agaricus, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Nothofagus, Pinus, Chile, taxonomy.

INTRODUCTION

Fifteen species and one variety of Agaricus L.:Fr. have been reported from different areas of Chile up to now. This is a low number considering the wide ecological diversity of this country, which ranges from deserts in the north to deciduous temperate or subantarctic forests in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego.

Taking into account the previous contributions of Garrido C1335, 1.9908), -Hetnemann ¢1986, 1990) and” Valenzuela “et al’ (L932), the following, List (of. taxa gathers all the. known records of Agaricus up to date in Chile.

WZ

I. Native Agaricus: Agaricus curanilahuensis Garrido, A. nebularum Sing., A. phaeocyclus var. pucutrihuensis Heinemann and A. valdiviae Sing.

II. Exotic Agaricus: Agaricus arvensis Schaeff., A. augustus Fr., A. bernardii (Quél.) Sacc., A. bisporus (J.E.Lange) Imbach, A. bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc., A. campestris L.: Fr., A. mediofuscus (M6O11.) Pilat., A. placomyces Peck, A. porphyrizon P. D. Orton, A. urinascens (M611. & J.Schaeff.) Heykoop [A. albertii M.Bon/= A. macrosporus (M611. & J.Schaeff.) Pildat, non Mont.], A. xanthoderma Genev. and A. xantholepis (M61l.) M611.

In this contribution, seven Agaricus taxa from Valdivia (south of Chile) and its surroundings are reported, of which Agaricus wrightii is proposed as a new species and Agaricus crocodilinus is recorded for the first time in Chile.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The material was collected in Nothofagus sps. and Pinus radiata forets, lawns and grasslands. Microscopic sections of all the specimens were mounted in KOH 5% and water; for the spore measurements of the new species, we have followed the method proposed by Heinemann & Rammeloo (1985). The material has been deposited in AH (Herbarium of Alcala de Henares University, Madrid, Spain).

LIST OF TAXA

Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Jardin Botanico Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, in lawns, 20-IV-1992 (leg. J. Grinbergs), AH 15254.

Agaricus campestris L.: Fr. Pichoy, Valdivia, in pastures, 25-III-1990 (leg. J. Grinbergs x Ss, Garnica), A> 15255.

Agaricus crocodilinus Murr. CPi gas) Popoén, San Juan de la Costa, Osorno, on soil under Pinus radiata, 6-1-1992 (leg. S. Garnica), AH 15256.

Our material agrees rather well with Murrill's description (1912); we have observed the following characters in our specimens: pilei 5-20 cm in diam., when young white to pale yellow, glabrous, later ornamented with large warts or thick scales disposed radially and more densely at the center; stipe 5-12°x 3-5.5 cm, fusiform-ventricose to subbulbous, with remnants of a collapsed white ring, towards the base with 1-2 annuliform bands, firm, white, turning yellow-ochre; smell and taste fungoid; KOH 10% on the pileus and flesh negative, Schaeffer’s reaction negative in exsiccata; spores 10-12 (-13)

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x 6-7 Mm, broadly ellipsoid to subamygdaliform, smooth, without germ pore; cheilocystidia 10-25 x 9-12 Lm, clavate; pileipellis consisting of cylindrical hyphae 4-6 km in diam; clamp connections absent.

Agaricus crocodilinus is reported for the first time in South America; in Chile it seems to have been introduced with Pinus radiata. On the other hand, Arora (1986) reports that in the United States (North Carolina and N.W. Pacific) it is very common in pastures and pine groves; it has also been reported from N.E. Mexico and Colorado.

Agaricus urinascens (M61l. & J.Schaeff.) Heykoop

= Agaricus albertii M.Bon

= A. macrosporus (M611. & J.Schaeff.) Pilat

OSGrCno 7 iti pastures. (19-ILIS=1990 “Glhege EE. )sValenzuela)),) AH 13947. Parcela de R. Salas, Osorno, in lawns under Malus spp. 1-1-1992 (leg. R. Salas & J. Grinbergs), AH 15257. Parcela de R. Salas, Osorno, on soil under Pinus radiata, 22-III-1992 (gegs R: Salas), AH»15285.

Agaricus valdiviae Sing. in Sing. & Moser, Mycopathol. Mycol. Applamxzxv(2-3):161 (Fig. 2) Cruce los Tambores, Puente Rio Bueno, Osorno, on soil under Peumus boldus (boldo), 22-V-1992 (leg. E. Valenzuela & C. Ramirez), AH 15259.

Agaricus valdiviae is a typical species of the Valdivia area? (South <o0f Chile): but’ 1t has®only been cited: once by Singer (Singer & Moser, 1965) from Chile; on the other hand, Heinemann (1990) reports this species from Argentina (Buenos Aires and La Plata); the same author (1986) states that A. valdiviae is very close to A. cupreobrunneus (M611.) Pilat, A. lividonitidus (M611.) Pilat and A. porphyrocephalus M611., but differs by its flesh and cuticle neither reddening nor yellowing, and the different spore-size in these three species.

Agaricus wrightii Valenzuela, Heinemann & Esteve-Raventé6os, sp. nov. (Fig. 3 & 4)

BCyMology:: “ineededication sho. sprayed. VER Weight ~ for oehis contribution to the progress of the Mycology in South America.

Pileus 6.5-8 cm diam., convexus ad planum-convexun, leucophaeo-argenteus cum pallidis scintillationibus violaceis, tenuiter fibrillosus ad medium cum abundantibus squamis fibrillosis formantibus discum colore castaneo-violaceo pallido. Lamellis liberis, angustis, colore albo ad rosaceum, dein ad leucophaeo-castaneum, devenientes ad brunneus fuscus. Seape vs) “5-1is6roxys0s6-1l cms," leucophaeo-rosaceus)- /pallidis scintillationibus violaceis, castaneo-rosaceus versus basim, cilindricus, basis leviter ampliata, sed non bulbosa, cum annulo supero. Caro albo-cremeo, in sectura rosaceo pallido,

74

demum castaneo-fusco. Odore saporeque fungico. Sporis 4.4- 4.96-5.6 x 3.1-3.54-4.1 Lm, late ellipsoideae ad ellipsoideas, castaneo fuscus (in NHsOH), leves et sine poro germinativo. Basidii 14-16 x 5-7 Hum, claviformes;): tetrasporii, \hialini; Cheblocystidii);li-165..%+9-4.5- 75) im “Chavirormes, Uchiaia mas: Pleurocistidii nwbPic Pileipellis formata ex hyphis cylindricis 4.5-9 Lm diam., cum pigmento vacuolare et intraparietale brunneus (in KOH 5%). Fibulae nullus.

Pileus 6.5-8 cm diam., convex to plano-convex, silvery- greyish with a pale violaceous tinge, covered with very delicate fibrils, towards the center with abundant adpressed fibrillose scales which form a pale brown-violaceus disk. Margin incurved to straight, sometines appendiculate with scarce cream-whitish veil remnants. Gills free, crowded, thin, whitish to pinkish when young, later dark greyish-brown, becoming chocolate-brown when mature, edge entire and concolorous. Stipe: (chasse iiao ex 1 OL bl eremay cylindrical, sometimes slightly clavate or abruptly bulbous, pink-greyish, with a pale violaceous tinge, furfuraceous under the ring, with whitish mycelium at the base. Ring whitish, superior. Flesh thin, cream-whitish, pinkish when cut, later brown. Smell and taste fungoid. In exsiccata pileus dark brown at the center, gills chocolate, stipe base with pinkish tinge; fluorescence absent; An x HNOs: negative. Spores 4.4-4.96-5.6 Misa sea ae Luli, fOsii-le 24-1. 4-1 ov uerCl 61. sneer e One ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, dark-brown in NH.sOH 5%, smooth, without germ pore and thick walls. Basidia 14-16 x 5-7 Lm, clavate, 4-spored, hyaline. Cheilocystidia 11-16 x 4.5-7 Wye hyaline, clavate, smooth. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis consisting of cylindrical hyphae 4.5-9 Um diamn., forming a cutis, somewhat uplifted in the scales, sometimes loose, with brown incrusting pigment, either in plaques or diminutely "zebra like" in KOH 5%. Clamp connections not observed.

Typus AH 16947, Rebellin, Valdivia, Chile, leg. J. Grinbergs, 13-V-1992, on soil in forest of Nothofagus obliqua.

Agaricus wrightii is characterized by the following features: slender habit, pileus silvery-greyish with pale violaceous tinge, delicately smooth-fibrillose at the margin, covered with abundant fibrillose scales towards the center forming a pale brown-violaceous disk; flesh thin, when cut pale pinkish; An x NOsH negative; spores [Q= 1.24-1.41-1.57 (1,61), n= 40], and small, clavate cheilocystidia.

These macro and microscopical features place Agaricus wrightii in ,the subgenus Agaricus L.: Fre, section Sanguinolenti J. Schaeff. & M611.; one of us (Dr. P.Heinemann) also states that the new species is close to A. silvipluvialis Pegler (1983), but the latter shows a buffy-brown pileus and longer spores (Q= 1.7); other species such as A. diamantanus Pegler (1983) is also similar, but it has a dark sienna pileus and shows longer cheilocystidia (24-30 x 5,5-7 Um).

a

Fig. 1: Agaricus crocodilinus Murr. (AH 15256), bar = 5 cm; Fig. 2: Agaricus valdiviae Sing. (AH 15259), bar = 2 cm; Fig. 3: Agaricus wrightii (typus, AH 16947), bar = 5 cm; Fig. 4: Agaricus wrightii (typus, AH 16947), a: Pileipellis. b: Basidia. c: Cheilocystidia. d: Spores, bar = 10 Lm.

76

Agaricus xanthoderma Genev.

Rebellin, Valdivia, among grass in Nothofagus dombeyi forest, L=Viw 199) tteg.: ad. iGrinbergs se 2S.) Garnica) je eAnne 44097 Cordillera Pelada, Valdivia, in Nothofagus forest and on soil under Myrtaceae 24-IV-1992 (leg. H. Peredo), AH 15260 and AH LS261).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to express our gratitude to the Universidad Austral de Chile Proyect DID-UACH S-96-03 for sponsoring collecting trips and the “Agencia Espanola de Cooperaci6dn Internacional Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores", for granting a fellowship to one of us (E. V.) to accomplish his Ph.D. (Doctoral Thesis). Also, to the Consejo Social of the University of Alcala de Henares for granting one of us (F.E.R.) a short-time fellowship to collect and investigate on Valdivian mushroom flora. Lastly, to Dr. M.Heykoop’ for critical reading of this manuscript.

REFERENCES

ARORA, D. (1986). Mushrooms demystified. A comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi. Ed. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley.

GARRIDO, Ne CLISS)t Index Agaricalium chilensis. Bibliothy Mycol. 9Isi Aes.

GARRIDO, N. (1988). Agaricales s. 1. und ihre mykorrhizen in den Nothofagus-waldern mittelchiles. Biblioth. Mycol. 120: LeS2 er,

HEINEMANN, P. (1986). Agarici Austroamericani IV. Apergu sur les Agaricus de Patagonie et de la Terre de Feu. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg./ Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 56: 417- 446.

HEINEMANN, P. (1990). Agarici Austroamericani VII. Agariceae des zones tempérées de 1*Argentine et du Chili. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg./ Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 60: EP SO ieee ge OH

HEINEMANN,P. & RAMMELOO, J. (1985). De la mesure des spores et de son expression. Agarica 6(12):366-380.

MURRIL, W. (1912). The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast Did ycologia 4c 294-306:

PEGLER, D. (1983). Agaric Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bull.Add.Ser. 1X:430-456.

SINGER, R. & MOSER, M. (1965). Forest mycology and forest communities in South America I. The early fall aspect of the mycoflora of the Cordillera Pelada (Chistes, with a mycogeographic analysis and conclusions regarding the heterogeneity of the Valdivian floral district. Mycopathol Mycol wAppiwexhViI( 2-3) 34230510 t.

VALENZUELA, E, MORENO, G. & GRINBERGS, J. CARS. SIF Agaricales sensu lato de Chile. I. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid PT ACS 233

MYCOTAXON

Volume LXIII, pp. 77-86 June-August 1997

MYCORRHIZAE OF ASIAN BLACK TRUFFLES, TUBER HIMALAYENSE AND T. INDICUM.

O. Comandini and G. Pacioni

Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universita degli Studi di L’ Aquila, I-67100 L’ Aquila, Italy.

SUMMARY

With the introduction, to Europe. of Asian black truffles, sold like Tuber melanosporum, is becoming necessary to get detailed information about their taxonomy and to characterize their mycorrhizae so to distinguish them from those of the European black truffles.

In the present research, mycorrhizae of 7uber himalayense and T. indicum, obtained by the inoculation of Quercus pubescens seedlings with a sporal suspension of the single ascocarps, have been described and characterized. The two mycorrhizal types are very similar and only sometimes can slight differences be observed. From a first comparison of these two mycorrhizal types with those of the European black truffles they appear to have a higher affinity with 7. melanosporum than T. aestivum and their related species.

Key words: truffles, Zuber himalayense; Tuber indicum. ectomycorrhizae: characterization

INTRODUCTION

‘Black truffles’ are underground ascomata with a black and warty peridium. All European black truffles are valuable food. In particular the ‘Périgord black truffle’ (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.), also called the “black diamond’, is the most appreciated in the cuisine. Oaks are the main hosts for these truffles, however hazel, beech, Ostrya, birch, pine and spruce can form symbiosis with some species of black truffles. ;

France, Italy and Spain are the most important producers and exporters. nevertheless recently success in the production of 7. me/anosporum was obtained in the U.S.A. and New Zealand.

Some black truffles are known to grow in Asia. Cooke and Massee (1892) described 7: indicum from Uttar Pradesh, Northern India, and among the holotypic specimens at Kew Herbarium, a second species. 7. himalayense B.C. Zhang and Minter (1988), was recognized as valid.

Since 1993 increasing quantities of Asian black truffles begun to reach Europe and to be sold like 7. melanosporum. Because of their lower prices, they have

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sometimes been used to produce mycorrhizal plants for truffle farms, introducing a risk of biopollution of European endemic truffle populations.

In this study, we report the morphological characterization of the Asian black truffle ectomycorrhizae with Quercus pubescens Willd.. one of their potential European hosts. This is the first step toward the construction of an identification- key that could provide a useful tool for the rapid screening of mycorrhizal types formed by infecting host plants with Asian versus European black truffles.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

One year old Q. pubescens seedlings, grown axenically in sterile perlite, were inoculated with spore suspension done blending separately single ascocarps. Mycorrhizal plants grew in semisynthetic substratum of vermiculite, calcareous gravel and Sphagnum peat at pH 7.0, and were observed at different times of development.

Methods to characterize ectomycorrhizae have been comprehensively explained by Agerer (1986, 1987-1993, 1991) and the glossary of all terms used have been published by Agerer (1987-1993). For better characterization of ectomycorrhizae colour Munsell® Soil Color Chart (1975) has been used as reference. Cross and longitudinal sections (2-3 um thick) have been done using cryostat 2800 Frigocutn, Reichert-Jung. Photographs have been made using optical microscopy. For SEM observations, mycorrhizae were fixed in 4% glutaraldeyd, stored in a refrigerator for 1-2 days, dehydrated through an ethanol series (30-99.9%) and then transferred to absolute acetone and critical-point dried (Balzers CPD020) using carbon dioxide as the intermediate fluid. Graphite glue was applied to the base of each specimen before coating with gold layer 150A thick in a sputter coater (Balzers SCD040). Samples were observed with Philips SEM 505, at 30 kV and photographed using Polaroid 55 film.

Voucher specimens are deposited in AQUI (Herbarium Mycologicum Aquilanum) as fixed material (glutaraldeyd 4%). together with slides.

RESULTS Tuber himalayense B.C. Zhang and Minter MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 1- 2A)

Mode of ramification: mostly unramified but also monopodial-pinnate. In few samples monopodial-pyramidal ramifications have been observed; length of the system: from 1000 to 2000 um; length of unramified ends: from 235 to 1200 um: diameter of unramified ends: from 150 to 250 um: diameter of axes: from 150 to 250 wm: shape of unramified ends: straight: structure of the surface: smooth. loosely long-spiny especially in the outer part of the mycorrhizae, even if sometime they are present also in the middle part. Older specimens seem to loose cystidia. Rhizomorphs absent; colour of unramified ends: amber (10 YR 5/8-5/6): colour of very tips: little bit lighter; colour of older parts: from 5 YR. 4/6 to dark brown.

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Fig. 1: Tuber himalayense mycorrhiza (bar= 0.1 mm). ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE SURFACE

OUTER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 2B)

Structure: pseudoparenchymatous, with puzzle-like aspect. Observing single hyphal cells, it can be seen that their shape is rectangular and more or less elongated, frequently ramified, one or more times. Cells are often connected and separated by septa. Hyphal pattern is rather homogeneous: dimensions of hyphal cells: length ranges from (7) 10 to 15 (18) um, width ranges from 4 to 6 pm.

INNER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 2C)

Structure: plectenchymatous, hyphae are grouped in zones with the same orientation, dimensions of hyphal cells: they are 3.5-4 um width and 15-20 um long.

EMANATING HYPHAE

Form: they are often very long, up to 300 um and present ramifications angle recto-like,; septa: abundant; distance: 20-40 um: diameter: from 2 to 3 um: thickness of walls: irrelevant, distal ends: bent.

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: CROSS SECTION (Fig. 2D)

MANTLE

Thickness and differentiation: mantle is 15-20 um thick, a thin outermost layer. 2- 5 (8) um thick, is differentiated because hyphal cells are more compact: cells shape and dimensions: in the outermost layer cells are very difficult to measure. the remaining part of the mantle is formed by cells both rounds or with tangential orientation, the former present dimensions ranging from 2-4 x 2-4 wm. the latter measure 5-12 x (2) 3-4 um.

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Fig. 2: Zuber himalayense - mycorrhizae (A), outer surface of the mantle (B). inner surface of the mantle (C), cross section (C). longitudinal section (E).

81

TANNIN CELLS

Number of rows: 1/2: cell-shape and dimensions: sometimes a continuum layer, 3- 5 wm thick, is present. normal Tannin Cells present tangential orientation and dimensions of 5-11 x 2-4 pm.

CORTICAL CELLS Shape and dimensions: roundish or rectangular with both tangential or radial orientation, roundish cells measure 15-17 x 14-15 um, rectangular ones measure

20-35 x 12-22 um; number of rows with Hartig’n: 1.

HARTIG NET

Depth: 15-35 ym; thickness: 2-3 um: number of hyphal rows: 1: shape of hyphal cells and dimensions: roundish/rectangular, 2-3 x 1-1.5 um.

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: LONGITUDINAL SECTION (Fig. 2E)

MANTLE

Thickness and differentiation: 15-20 um thick, the outer part (2-5 um) is more compact and cells are not well shaped, the rest part of the mantle is formed by quadrangular or roundish cells (1-3 (5) x 2-4 (7) um) and rectangular cells ( 8-11 x 3-5 um): very tip: presents a very compact structure similar to the outermost mantle of the rest part of mycorrhiza.

TANNIN CELLS Cell-shape and dimensions: rectangular cells of 15-17 x 2-5 um or a continuum, 3- 4 um thick.

CORTICAL CELLS Cell-shape and dimensions: in the first row cells present a radial orientation. in the others rows are tangentially orientated, 20-65 x 10-25 pm.

HARTIG NET Cell-shape and dimensions: roundish/rectangular, 1-2 x 2-3 um.

Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 3A)

Mode of ramification: it can be both simple or monopodial-pinnate: length of the system: from 300 to 2000 pm; length of unramified ends: from 150 to 800 pm: diameter of unramified ends: from 150 to 300 um: diameter of axes: from 120 to 400 um; shape of unramified ends: straight: structure of the surface: smooth. loosely long-spiny especially on the very tip, even if they can be observed also in the middle part of the mycorrhizae: cystidia have not been observed in old specimens. Rhizomorphs absent; colour of unramified ends: ochreaceus-amber (7.5 YR 6/6): colour of very tips: little vit lighter: colour of older parts: dark brown.

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Fig. 3: Tuber indicum - mycorrhizae (A), outer surface of the mantle (B). inner surface of the mantle (C), cross section (D), longitudinal section (E).

83

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE SURFACE

OUTER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 3B)

Structure: pseudoparenchymatous, very heterogeneous sometime even within the same specimen. Hyphal pattern is generally formed by slightly roundish elements with an irregular perimeter and by more elongated cells. Elongate cells are generally less abundant than the others. The general feature of the surface is frequently puzzle-like even if, observing the singular hyphal cell, it can be noticed that their shapes are regular. Spaces between hyphal cells can been observed: dimensions of hyphal cells: their length can range from (8) 10-16 (20) um, width ranges from 5 to 10 pm.

INNER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 3C) Structure: plectenchymatous, hyphae are grouped in several zone with the same orientation; dimensions of hyphal cells: 15-18 (20) um of length, 3-4 um width.

EMANATING HYPHAE (Fig. 4) Form: they are long up to 300 um, ramifications angle recto-like are frequent: septa: abundant; distance: 25-35 um: diameter: from 2 to 3 ym; thickness of walls: irrelevant; distal ends: bent.

Fig. 4: 7. indicum, emanating hyphae with angle recto-like ramifications (bar= 10 um).

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: CROSS SECTION (Fig. 3D)

MANTLE Thickness and differentiation: mantle thickness ranges from 12 to 18 ym: a slight differentiation in an outer part, 3-5 ym thick. in which hyphal cells are more

84

compact, and the rest part of the mantle with well shaped hyphal cells, numerous emanating hyphae depart from the outer part of the mantle; cells shape and dimensions: in the outer part hyphal cells are tangentially elongated and difficult to measure, the rest part of the mantle is formed by cells tangentially elongated (5- 12 x 2-4 ym) or roundish/quadrangular (1.5-3 x 1.5-3 ym).

TANNIN CELLS Number of rows: 1/2: cell-shape and dimensions: tangentially orientated (5-20 x 2- 4 um) sometime instead cells a continuum layer, 3-4 ym thick. can be observed.

CORTICAL CELLS

Shape and dimensions: in the first row Cortical Cells are generally smaller with both roundish (17-25 x 20-22) or elongated shape (20-35 x 15-22); number of rows with Hartig’n: 1.

HARTIG NET

Depth: 15-20 ym; thickness: 1.5-2 um; number of hyphal rows: |; shape of hyphal cells and dimensions: quadrangular. 2 x 1-1.5 um.

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: LONGITUDINAL SECTION (Fig. 3E)

MANTLE

Thickness and differentiation: mantle is 15-20 ym thick, in the outer part of 2-6 um, a layer of very compact and elongate hyphal cells are present, in the rest part of the mantle both roundish/quadrangular (1-3 x 1-3 um) and _ tangentially orientated cells (8-11 x 2-5 um) can be observed: very tip: very compact and similar to the outer part of the mantle.

TANNIN CELLS

Cell-shape and dimensions: very often a continuum layer, 3-4 um thick is present, when singular cells can be observed they are tangentially orientated (15-17 x 2-5 um)

CORTICAL CELLS Cell-shape and dimensions: the first row is formed by very radially orientated cells ( 20-50 x 8-15 um), the others are tangentially orientated (30-65 x 15-30 um).

HARTIG NET Cell-shape and dimensions: it is not so well observable. 2-3 xm thick.

DISCUSSION

Ascocarps of 7. himalayense and T. indicum are very difficult to separate on a morphological bases. Only spore ornamentation, that is spores with free spines (7: indicum) or spines connected by a basal reticulum (7. himalayense) should be a clear diagnostic character, however both kinds of spore can be observed sometime within a single ascus (ZHANG & MINTER, 1988). 7 himalayense and T. indicum appear clearly related to 7: me/anosporum because of their spiny and black spores.

85

Identification of ectomycorrhizae at the level of species on the basis of both macro- and microscopic features could be possible. as the Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae (AGERER, 1987-1993) shows. However, not all the mycorrhizae seem to present species-specific features (MEHMANN ef al., 1995). BRUNNER (1991) could not find any significant differences in morphology and anatomy between in vitro-synthesized ectomycorrhizae of the two species Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull. : Fr.) Quél. and H. cylindrosporum Romagn. on spruce.

From a macroscopic point of view. it is possible to affirm that there are no differences between Tuber himalayense and T. indicum mycorrhizae on Q. pubescens, but it is well known that macroscopic features can been inconsistent and influenced by aging and edaphic conditions (ORLOV, 1960; TRAPPE, 1967: PALENZONA & FONTANA, 1970; EGLI & KALIN, 1991). By considering microscopic characters, which are the more stable and less influenced (HAUG. 1987; EGLI et al., 1993), probably only the outermost part of the mantle can give little differences between the two species. The surface view of 7. himalayense mycorrhizae is quite well defined: hyphal pattern presents always the same features despite the large number of specimens observed (Fig. 2B). Forms and dimensions of hyphal cells are constant.

Rather different is the situation in 7. indicum which presents a very heterogeneous structure of mantle surface. Some specimens have a hyphal pattern formed by a prevalence of quadrangular cells or, in general, by cells with irregular perimeter with a diameter slighter width respect to those of 7. himalayense (Fig. 3B). Even the space between hyphal cells is slightly bigger. However, it is not difficult to find, even in the same sample, parts in which the hyphal pattern is quite similar to that of 7. himalayense. Several of the specimens observed have showed forms with intermediate features in between the two types.

A preliminary comparison of the main microscopical characters of Asian black truffle mycorrhizae with those already known for European black truffles (7. melanosporum and T. aestivum with their allied species) (ZAMBONELLI et al.. 1993: GRANETTI et al., 1995a, 1995b,; MEOTTO et al., 1995; ZAMBONELLI et al., 1995) has been done. 7. melanosporum and T. aestivum show a different hyphal pattern of the outer part of the mantle and cystidia structure (ZAMBONELLI et a/., 1993). In fact, while 7. aestivum has a mantle surface with polygonal cells and long yellow-ochreaceus cystidia which form a sort of woolly net around mycorrhizae, 7. melanosporum and allied species, present a puzzle-like hyphal pattern and spinule-like cystidia sometime with orthogonal single branch. On the basis of observations, we can affirm that Asian black truffles mycorrhizae present a higher affinity with 7. me/anosporum rather than with 7. aestivum.

Further studies are also required to clarify the taxonomic status of 7. himalayense and T. indicum. The great similarity of both ascocarps and mycorrhizae do not contribute much to shed light on this problem. At this regard. it would be important to collect updated field observations on their geographical distribution and host specificity as well as biochemical and molecular data.

REFERENCES

AGERER, R. (1986) - Studies on ectomycorrhizae IJ. Introducing remarks on the characterization and identification. Mycotaxon 26: 473-492

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AGERER, R. (1987-1993) - Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae. I st-7th delivery. Einhorn - Verlag, Schwabisch Gmiind.

AGERER., R. (1991) - Characterization of Ectomycorrhiza. In: J. R. Norris. D. J. Read & A. K. Varma (Eds.). Techniques for the study of mycorrhiza. Methods in Microbiology 23, 25-73. Academic Press, London. pp 25-76.

BRUNNER, I. (1991) - Comparative studies on ectomycorrhizae synthesized with various in vitro techniques using Picea abies and two Hebeloma species. Trees 5: 90-94.

COOKE, M.C., & MASSEE. G. (1892) - Himalayan truffles. Grevillea 20:67.

EGLI, S. & KALIN, I. (1991) - The root window - a technique for observing mycorrhizae on living trees. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 28: 107-110.

EGLI, S., AMIET, R., ZOLLINGER, M. & SCHNEIDER B. (1993) - Characterization of Picea abies (L.) Karst. ectomycorrhizas: discepancy between classification according to macroscopic versus microscopic features. Trees 7: 123-129

GRANETTI, B., ANGELINI, P. & RUBINI A. (1995a) - Morfologia e struttura delle micorrize di Tuber magnatum Pico e Tuber borchii Vitt. con Tilia plathyphyllos. Mic. Ital. 24 (2): 27-34.

GRANETTI, B., RUBINI A. & ANGELINI, P. (1995b) - Analisi comparativa morfo-biometrica e strutturale delle micorrize di Tuber aestivum Vitt. con alcune piante forestali. Mic. Ital. 24 (2): 48-63.

HAUG, I. (1987) - Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Mykorrhizen von Fichtembestanden in Schwarzwald. Dissertation. Universitat Tiibingen.

MEHMANN, B., EGLI, S., BRAUS. G.H. & BRUNNER. I. (1995) - Coincidence between molecularly or morphologically classified ectomycorrhizal morphotypes and fruitbodies in a spruce forest. In: Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae. Vilberto Stocchi, Paola Bonfante and Marco Nuti (Eds.) Plenum Press, New York. 41-52.

MEOTTO, F., NOSENZO, C. & FONTANA. A. (1995) - Le micorrize delle specie pregiate di Zuber. Informatore Agrario 51: 41-46.

MUNSELL SOIL COLOR CHART (1975) - Munsell Color Company Inc..

Baltimora (Md.).

ORLOV. A.Y. (1960) - Growth and modifications with age of the absorbing roots of Link. Bot. Z. 45: 888-896.

PALENZONA, M. & FONTANA, A. (1970) - Influenza di tipi di suolo su tre forme micorriziche del pino strobo. Alliona 16: 101-113.

TRAPPE, J.M. (1967) - Pure culture synthesis of Douglas-fir mycorrhizae with species of Hebeloma, Suillus, Rhizopogon and Astreus. For. Sci. 13: 121-130.

ZAMBONELLI, A.. SALOMONI, S. & PISI. A. (1993) - Caratterizzazione anatomo morfologica delle micorrize di Tuber spp. su Quercus pubescens Willd. Mic. Ital. 22 (3): 73-90.

ZAMBONELLI, A., SALOMONI., S. & PISI. A. (1995) - Caratterizzazione anatomo-morfologica delle micorrize di Tuber borchii, Tuber aestivum, Tuber mesentericum, Tuber brumale, Tuber melanosporum su Pinus pinea .Mic. Ital. 24 (2): 119-137.

ZHANG, B.C. & MINTER, D.W. (1988) - Zuber himalayense sp. nov. with notes on Himalayan truffles. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 91: 593-597.

MYCOTAXON

Volume LXIII, pp. 87-130 June-August 1997

CORRIGENDUM AND INDEXES (FUNGUS NAMES, HOSTS AND SUBSTRATES) TO FUNGI CANADENSES RES ac ec Hh 0 ir Pa he by Lac ee a Wh oH 8

Michael Corlett, S.A. Redhead & C.E. Babcock

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch ent Pie? Ottaway \Ontarao, "Canada’-KiA0C6

ABSTRACT

An alphabetical list of the fungus names mentioned in Fungi Canadenses’~ 1-330 (1973-1990) and an accompanying corrigendum correcting previously unnoticed errors and updating various names and citations have been compiled. Separate host and substrate indexes to the fungus species have been prepared.

INTRODUCTION

Fungi Canadenses is a series of descriptions and illustrations, of Canadian: fungi. It was issued at beLedular internval Ss sin va wloose . cat. format, ..1n fascicles of ten descriptions by the National Mycological Herbarium (DAOM) of the Biosystematics Research Institute, later the Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research but now the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, Ontario. The first fascicle appeared in 1973. ASC Otel © tives Ov RUIC 1. Canadenses descriptions were published and

88

distributed free of charge to a restricted mailing list of only 400 individuals and institutions, world- wide. The last fascicle published by AAFC appeared in 1990. Following discussions between Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and the Canadian Phytopathological Society, an agreement was reached in 1993 to continue publication of Fungi Canadenses in the society journal, the Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology / Revue canadienne de phytopathologie. The new series was inaugurated with the publication of Fungi Canadenses No. 331, Gigaspora margarita, by Yolande Dalpé in volume 16: 229-330. 1994. Another five articles have been published or are in press. In »L 98.7 an alphabetical), last of,.allurthemiungus names mentioned in Fungi Canadenses 1 - 300 anda corrigendum updating or correcting various names and citations in the first 300 descriptions were compiled by SsAv Redhead: ‘and: CVE. “Babcock and “distripuced through AAFC's Fungi Canadenses mailing list. The 1987 fungus name list and corrigendum now have been expanded to include descriptions 301 - 330. Host and substrate indexes have been added. x We thank J. Ginns, J.A. Parmelee, W.L. Seaman and R.A. Shoemaker for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript, noting errors in the text and providing helpful suggestions. J.C. Krug kindly reviewed the prepublication draft of the manuscript.

CORRIGENDUM

The following notes update various names and citations in Fungi Canadenses 1-330 and correct some recently discovered errors in the original publications. Previously published references which should have been cited are supplied. No attempt is made here to include subsequently collected specimens although some subsequently published reports are cited. The authors thank G. Durrieu (Toulouse, France), re Watling (Edinburgh, Scotland), Wwe Parmelee, and R.A. Shoemaker for bringing attention to errors and omissions.

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Nowerd6x Rhizina undulata: reported from British Columbia as R. inflata by Hone (Postelsia 1906: 241).

No. 49. Didymella applanata: the correct authority for the synonymous name Mycosphaerella rubina is (Peck) House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 233-234: 30. L920.

No. 52... Gyromitra infula: reported from Alberta by Hone (Postelsia 1906: 241-242).

Now #053... Sphaeronaemella helvellae: reported on Gyromitra infula from Alberta by Hone (Postelsia 1906242);

Wowt36;77'. Chlorosplenium versiforme should now be named Chlorencoelia versiformis (Pers.: Fr.) Dixon, Myeotaxon: tiv 224. 029 7S%

No. 84. Apiosporina morbosa should now be named Dipotryon! ‘morbosum | (Schwein...) Fr.) acTheisst “eH. Sydow (MLE: Barr, Sydowia, 41: B.2k DOS Syne Sphaeronaema is the correct spelling of the name given in the NOTES section.

Wome ro2: Coleroa rubicola should now be named Hormotheca rubicola (Ellis & Everh.) Corlett & M. Pee baru MyCcOLaxOn, 25 256 LoS G:

Noprewse Coleroa robertiani should now be named Hormotheca robertiani (Fr.) v. Héhnel (Corlett & M. Deaebarn, mMycotaxon (252 1255-256. 198Eer.,

No. 94. lLysurus gardneri: Stone (Common edible and poisonous mushrooms of Ontario, Ontl Dept.* Agric. Bul) S97 2247-48, 0° Lig. (51151939) reported’ Lysurus borealis (Burt.) P. Hennings from Ontario. The correct name for this species and that reported in Fungi Canadenses 94 under the name L. gardneri is Lysurus cruciatus (Lepr. & Mont.) Lloyd, Syn. Known Phall. pL 40. 1909 (basionym: Aserophallus cruciatus Leprieur & Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser (eae S65 1845). raccording to Dring (Kew: Bull.

25> S75-70.08 1980) > Vabysurus* > gardnerr “is ™anorher species known from Asia and Africa. Nome 0. Coleroa plantaginis should now be named

Hormotheca plantaginis (Ellis) Corlett & M. E.

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Babyy My ecotaxon 25) 256.4 L986

Nota Oe Roestelia brucensis: HOST: 0,I should be corrected to HOST: I as pycnia are unknown.

No. 142. Phaeomarasmius rhombosporus: this species, currently accepted as Flammulaster rhombosporus, was reported from England and Michigan, U.S.A. by Watling (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 68-71. LO GITias Veldaimga: i (Persooniar 23. .euos1 2) 241986) COonsmders saith) NEO Ibe pean vanretys Flammulaster Carpophiius, (Pros) wBarle var srhombosporusm (Atk) Vellinga. She reported it from Denmark and the Netherlands.

No. 168. Peziza badioconfusa: according to Pfister (Mycologia 79:4"6342mdi93:7) 9 ,the icorrect yinanemfor this species is Peziza phyllogena M.C. Cooke.

Nowe Ou. Gerronema pseudogrisella should read Gerronema pseudogrisellum. Currently the name Rickenella pseudogrisella (A. H. Smith) Gulden in Gulden, Jenssen & Stordal, Arctic and alpine fungi 1, *p..-17, Soppkonsulenten;,) Oslo: 1985, ‘ts accepted:

No. 175. Phaeomarasmius erinaceus (Fr.) Romagnesi, Rev avy COL fe ZNO) i pho os OO Biee ) Gener ICO citation for this name.

No. 214. Marasmius copelandi: Desjardin (Mycologia

D2 O27 130 taemeoS7.) = reexamined” ithe Eyoeavommer. copelandi and fresh material. He concluded that M. copelandi, on oak leaves, was conspecific with M. olidus and transferred the latter to M. copelandi aS a variety. The Canadian collections cited in Fungi Canadenses 214 and MImshaug 2035. from Washington represent a closely allied species, M. salalis Desjardin & Redhead (Mycotaxon 29: 307-308. LOS) %

No. 232. Pleospora herbarum: E.G. Simmons (Sydowia, 38: 284-293. 1985) revised the Pleospora herba- rum/Stemphylium botryosum complex. Pleospora tarda

Simmons (op. alates De DOD) s including. sates Stemphylium botryosum anamorph, is the fungus described and illustrated in No. 232. Pleospora

herbarum sensu stricto is a distinct species with

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Stemphylium herbarum Simmons as its anamorph. The type of Pleospora tarda was from Medicago sativa L. from Ontario.

NOM N23:9% Stagonospora avenae: note the correct spelling, of \ the..speci fie, yeprshetys here. The teleomorph listed as Leptosphaeria avenaria is currently treated as Phaeosphaeria avenaria (Weber) Ommarirssonss, Arkiv 7f.-Bokenriserwto (96 COs F406, OGr7 s

No. 240. Stagonospora nodorum: the teleomorph listed as Leptosphaeria nodorum is currently treated as Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Muller) Hedjaroude, Sydowia Bae o-S0 a T9684

NOW ate Sepeoria tritici: thebicorrectiauthority. for the teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola is (Beret) "Schroter “in ‘Cohn; Kryptog.-Fl. Schlesien Seo tO PeI3” [Nov L894) :

No. 249. Sowerbyella imperialis: note that the correct spelling of the synonym is Sowerbyella UnteoLlor,

Noe .263- Puccinval’ Dlyttiatla- tune. correct banomial four. Diyetiana 1s)P. gibberulosanschrots.in Cohn, Sekar cotOrew mp iLatl.:, 3. (lL) ey eGo a Loy o. Jerstad

(Biv eelees ot o0. 11.950) “nOoced, Loe Simubariey.Or, D. G@pberulosa to .P.: bivyttiana’ and that, Schroter's name was the earliest valid one. At that. “time Jerstad retained Lagerheim's binomial because he was unable to locate the Schrdter specimen for comparison. Durrieu collected a microform rust on Ranunculus alpestris L. from the Pyrenees Mts. Ueype = Location "Tot, Pp. gibberilosa)™. Hennen I(MViGOLOG dau in66.7 02553." O74) hexamined wi Durr ews collection and designated it as neotype for P. gibberulosa and reduced P. blyttiana to synonymy.

No. 287. Psilocybe bulbosa: Deconia bulbosa should read Deconica bulbosa.

No. 289. Cumminsiella mirabilissima: Uromyces sanquineus should read Uromyces Ssanguineus, Uropyxis sanginea should read Uropyxis sanguinea, Cumminsiella sanquinea should read Cumminsiella

4

sanguinea.

No. 298. Uromyces eugentianae: Puccinia halenia in the Key should read Puccinia haleniae.

No. 319. Laccaria maritima: NOTES: paragraph 2, line ty Laccaria tridia cata Should read lLaccaria trullisata.

COMPREHENSIVE ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES AND COMMON NAMES IN FUNGI CANADENSES 1-330 AND THE CORRIGENDUM

Listed synonyms and other fungus names mentioned in the '‘'NOTES' section of each Fungi Canadenses publication are included. Italicized fungus names

represent new names, new combinations etc. Names with bold numbers indicate descriptions are supplied under those names. Text in square brackets [] was

not given in the original publications. Names treated in the corrigendum are cross indexed to the original number, eg. Coleroa Yubicola,. 92.) 1205) COMM a ase 92; Hormotheca rubicola,. corrig.. to 92... Dichotomous keys were included in a number of Fungi Canadenses publications. These are designated by the word ‘key’ in brackets following the original fungus name and number provided, eg. Roestelia brucensis, 140 (key).

Acantharia, 114 shobanlickoyloper,, 7 Acanthocystis longipes, 113 diminutivus, 2 Acremonium, 155 dulcamarus, 3 Acrodictys excentrica, 164 erinaceus, 175 Acrophragmis, 143 flavobrunneus, 31 Acrophragmis canadensis, 143 CULVUS,.” 3 2. coronata, 143 micromegathus, 2 Acrothecium obovatum, 6 notliculus,. 301 pauciseptatum, 34 muscoides, 301 Aecidium, 186 semotus, 2 Aecidium helianthi-mollis, transmutans, 31 25 typhae, 133 holboellii, 47 Aglaospora, 101 intermixtum, 96 Aglaospora effusa, 101 phacae-frigidae, 25 profusa, 101 physalidis, 186, 188 texensis, 101 Agaricus adpressus, 175 texensis f. pallida; 102

arlaus,. a5 Akanthomyces, 151

Aleuria proteana, 248 uNnLCcolor,!:249 varia, 169 Alphitomorpha macularis, 63 Amphisphaeriaceae, 121 Amylocorticium canadense, 45 cebennense, 45, 87 indicum, 45 Suaveolens, 91 subincarnatum, 91 subsulphureum, 45, 91 Anavirga laxa, 183 /Nqaliskexell Yonecl telepaonh» aleal Antennaria pinophila, 132 Antennatula, 132 Antennularia, 114 Anthasthoopa, 65 Anthracoidea, 30 Anthurus borealis, 94 Aphysa plantaginis, 120 Apiosporella cornina, 121 Apiosporina, 84 Apiosporina collinsii, 76, 84 Corny PL2h morbosa,, 93,184: .corrig: to 84 Apiothyrium, 149 Apiothyrium arcticum, 149 Arachnophora, 143, 164 Arachnophora excentrica, 164 fagicola, 164 Armillaria rhombospora, 142 Arthrobotryum robustum, 167 stilboideum, 293 Arthuriomyces peckiana, 307 Ascochyta, 303 Ascochyta citrullina, 303 cucumis, 303 melonis, 303 Ascospora robertiani, 93 Ascotremella faginea, 85 turbinata, 85 Aserophallus cruciatus, COrrag., ta 94 Aspergillus, 315 Aspergillus appendiculatus, 315 brunneus, 315 echinulatus, 315 mangini, 315 umbrosus, 315

ue

Asterella chamaenerii, 194 plantaginis, 120 Asteridiella, 161 Asteridiella taxa, 161 Asterina chamaenerii, 194 plantaginis, 120 Ul weOdka,. 92 Asterocystis radicis, 176 Asteromella, 277, 282 Asterostomella saccardoi, 21 Athelia glaucina, 231 Athelopsis, 231 Athelopsis glaucina, 231 Atopospora, 88, 93 Atopospora betulina, 88, 93 taxi, 88 Avena rust, 311 Bactrodesmium, 251, 252, PRO po PASO; Bactrodesmium abruptum, 252 arnaudii, 256 DetwtTecolane2 5 bee 52.026 biformatum, 258, 261 Cediercolla, 25571262! fasciculare, 256 leptopus, 257 moenitum, 261 (key) oblaquum,) 25r; 253 obliquum var. obliquum, PAsye SAMS Si,, Sal obliquum var. suttonii, PHoye sh Pass PGi obovatum, 256, 261 Oopacum, 59 pallidum, 257 pithoideum,. 251). 2527 7261 rahmii, 260, 261 robustum, 167 Spilomeum, 251, 257 7°258, PASS, PAS A submoniliforme, 258 traversianum, 259, 261 Baeospora oligophylla, 217 Beauveria bassiana, 82 [birch ‘tar spot], 88 black knot of plum and cherry, 84 black rot of cultivated Grape Sarca.S Botryosphaeria rhodorae, 21, PLIES Brachycladium curtipes, 185

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Brachysporium;,) 67107) “108; AL(OVS) BAT Brachysporium abietinum, Iu Of A MIMO S AS MALLOY as» SY AAY/ bLloxamiln sow bri tanna cum O09. 2S Canadense, 122, 129 coryneoideum var. proliferum, 193 dingleyae, 327 nigrums, 69/07, LO S27 noblesiae, 327 (key) ODOVAacUM, 6. V LOS dO On Si, pendulisporum, 109 (key), BG) polyseptatum, 327 solani. 2316 tingens, 226 Bruneaudia sabina, 11 Bulgaria pura, 85 Byssochlamys, 151 cabbage head, 248 Caeoma Aecidium helianthatum, 95 Aecidium trachelifoliatum, 35 Calonectria agnina, 74 dearnessii, 74 decora, 74 decora var. parasitica, 74 diminuta, 74 massariae, 74 pyrrochlora, 74 Caloscypha, 249 Caloscypha fulgens, 66 Calyptella, 202 Calyptella campanula, 202 campanula var. myceliosa, 202 capula, 202 griseopallida, 202 Naetane2 02 Cantharellula umbonata, 301 Cantharellus dichotomous,

301

dichotomous var. brevior, Bi0u!

lutescens var. axanthus, 178

muscoides, 301 umbonatus, 301 umbonatus var. brevior,

301 umbonatus var. dichotomous, 301 umbonatus var. subcaeruleus, 301 Capnobotrys, 202; ) 232 Capnobotrys neesiz, 13274201 sessilispora, 201 Capnophialophora, 132, 201 Capnophialophora pinophila, Ie} CATO BIGUS Gyenin@© Oler a6 cedar-apple ‘rust; 137 Cellypha griseopallida, 202 Cephaliophora irregularis, 290 navicularis, 290 tropica,. 290 Unt ORM 2S) 29.0 Cephalomyces nigricans, 290 Cephalosporium, 155 Cephalothecium roseum, 84 Ceratocystis, 132; 537-55 Ceratophorum setosum, 12 Ceratostoma caulincola, 82 melanosporoides, 82 CeECOSPOGay wea Cercospora avicularis, 62 coalescens, 23 handelii, 22 mitellae, 23 rhododendri, 22 rhododendricola, 22 Cercosporella cana, 61 virgaureae, 61 Cercosporina rhododendri, 22 cereal leaf rusts, (2507 3099 SAO aoe s ws ee, Chaetendophragmia, 143 Chaetocypha capula, 202 Chaetomium coccodes, 51 Chaetosphaeria, 123 Chlorencoelia, 67 Chlorencoelia versiformis, COFrig. io. 67 Chitorudaumpy 126 Chlorociboria rugipes, 67 versiformis, 67, Ccorrig: to 67 Chlorosplenium, 67 Chlorosplenium aeruginascens, 67

aeruginosum (as aeruginosa), 67 versiforme, 67, corrig. to 67 Chrysomyxa, 118 Chytridium brassicae, 176 Ghijcyepeska\, . al Ciboria betulicola, 1 FeUCctacoOla,, 318 Cladosphaeria lantanae, 105 Cladosporium, 225,: 247, 291 Cladosporium abietinum, 236 Clasterisporium, 212 Clasterisporium dothideoides, 212 Clasterosporium (variant spelling of Clasterisporium), 212 Clasterosporium caespitulosum, 58 clavaeforme var. leptopus, PASI) COMMOMs 1S, eruca, 59 olivaceum, 245 traversianum, 259 vermiculatum, 58 GlavarwiaysS5emn292 Clavicipitaceae, 151, 153 Clavulina cinerea, 285 cristata, 285 Clitocybe brevibasidiata, 294 umbonata, 301 Clonostachys, 160 Closterosporium claviforme (see Clasterosporium clavaeforme), 257 COCCOGChOTramnubis 92 Coccophacidium fuckelii, 48 pinisvary fuckelii;) 48 Coleosporium, 97 Coleosporium asterum, 218 campanulae, 218, 219, 220 helianthi, 95 terebinthinaceae, 98 COLETOA IS Sian oe 9s8y la4as 120 Coleroa chaetomium, 20, 92, Ey, AAG) chaetomium var. americana, DA

95

cCinrcinans, 93 linnaeae, 114 plantagqiwis,.193 7/120, COnrIGis) CO.120 BODeGtrani— 9orm 1 20r COLELLO tous ialeptetelley, SPI. Sei, wer COMGLG. 4 COmo2 Sporobolus) 93 Colletotrichum atramentarium, 51 coccodes, 51 Collybia, 214 Collybia alkalivirens, 214 Di Loam 5s 7 umbonatella, 215 common bunt of wheat, 33 Coniella, 65 Coniella diplodiella, 65 pulchella, 65 Coniothyrium, 49, 84 Connersia, 32 Gonnersita G1 ls toni 2 Cordana, 34) 246 Cordana ellipsoidea, 246 inaequalis, 246 pauciseptata, 34, 246 Cordyceps plo Cordyceps memorabilis, 151, ILS} Conrelus versicolor. 55 Gopal sabia siz Corticiaceae, 45, 91 Corticium auriculariae, 231 canadense, 45 cebennense, 87 glaucinum, 231 rhodoleucum, 87 subincarnatum, 91 sulfureo-marginatum, 45 Cortinarius calopus, 316 fragrans, 316 Coryne bresadolae, 85 foliacea, 85 versiformis, 67 Corynespora olivacea, 245 Coryneum clavisporum, 245 cupulatum, 245 heterosporum, 245 Ooligosporum, 245 pithoideum, 251), 252 Corynoides farinosa, 153

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Craterellus caespitosus, 67 Crepidotus, 189 Cristetla conritivs, 285 Cryptendoxyla hypophloia, 32 Cryptocoryneum obovatum, 256 Cryptodidymosphaeria, 328 Cryptodidymosphaeria conoidea, 328 Cryptosphaeria, 227 Cryptosphaeria nitida, 93 leks Orta. By Cucurbitaria morbosa, 84 staphula, 17 Cumminsiella mirabilissima, 288,, Corrig. to 288 Sanguinea, 288, corrig. to 288 Curvularia cesatii, 162 Cyathicula, 190 Cyclodomella, 65 Cyphella capula, 202 Cystoderma jasonis, 317 rhombosporum, 142 Lilacipes; 317 longisporum, 317 longisporum var. DULvUbASCeHS 7 ms ld, saarenoksae, 317 Cytispora (variant spelling of Cytospora), 129 Dactylium nigrum, 69 Dactylosporium, 226 Dactylosporium macropus, 226 Daleomyces, 248 Daleomyces phillipsii, 248 Dasyspora, 110 Deconica (as Deconia) bulbosa, 287 Dematium atrovirens, 236 verticillatum, 4 Dendryphion, 146 Dendryphion comosum, 146 curtipes) res curtum, 146 nanum, 147 toruloides, 146 Depazea nodorum, 240 Dialonectria diminuta, 74 Diaporthe alleghaniensis, 70 Diatrype, 129 Diatrype albopruinosa, 72 albopruinosa’£. coryli, «72

albopruinosa f. ostryae, IP} albopruinosa var. Salrerinaruusne americana f. ostryae, 72 GALCER Aa Ele MH, Fe disciformis var. Macrospora, 72 arserformis Var- virescens, 73 AUB ME Ue phaeosperma, 72 roseola, 72 texensis, 101 virescens, 73 webberi, 72 Diatrypella favacea, 328 Dibotryon morbosum, 84, COrrig. “‘tore4 . Didymella applanata, 49, corrig. to 49 bryoniae, 303 COLnL, 2: delphinii, ~ 132 eupyrena, 131 melonis, 303 Didymosphaeria, 328 Didymosphaeria applanata, 49 bryoniae, 303 conoidea, 328 oloyaigiih,, aLpeal ELC L EUS SS manitobiensis, 92 patella, 328 winteri, 328 Didymosporium piriforme, 14 Dimerosporium collinsii, 76 Diplococcium, 285 Diplococcium clarkii, 285 Diplodia tumefaciens, 17 Diplodiella angelicae, 328 Diplodina citrullina, 303 Discina, 39, 40, 68 Discina ancilis, 39, 40 apiculatula, 40 kortidi, 68 leucoxantha, 40 macrospora, 39, 40 montana, 68 olympiana, 40 perlata, 39 warnei, 39, 40

Discochora rhodorae, 21 VUCCACT, 324

Doratomyces, 100

Doratomyces stemonites, 100

Dothidea adusta 194 betulina, 88 chaetomium, 20 Banuncuuet, =22.6 robertiani, 93

Dothidella betulina, 88

Drepanopeziza, 13

Drepanopeziza populi-albae, 14 populorum, 15 PUNcEVTOrMLsS 13 tremulae, 13

Drosophila typhae, 133

Dryophila erinacea, 175

Durandiomyces, 248

Durandiomyces phillipsii, 248

dwarf bunt of wheat, 33

Eleutheromycella mycophila, SS

Eleutheromyces subulatus, 55

Endogone, 283

Endogone ludwigii, 283 mosseae, 300 occidentalis, 283 prsivformmus, -283 sphagnophila, 283 xylogena, 283

Endophragmia;\ +222, 230; 150

Endophragmia bisbyi, 124 cesatii, 162 collapsa, 126 dimorphospora, 129 elliptica, 250 globulkosay 12270027 Tnaseallow ce 5 O nannrekdtia, « TOO 25 prolifera, 193 stemphylioides, 191 uniseptata, 148

Endophragmiella, 122, 130, 143, 148, 162, 264

Endophragmiella

angustispora, 123 bisbyi, 124 Drseptata gv 25.9928 | xl62 Canadensis, 122, 129, 130 cesatii, 162

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collapsa, 126 dimorphospora, 129, 162 globutosa, 127 ontariensis, 128 palvescens; 122,0126@ 5130 subolivacea, 122, 129, SS Ov Ora eo:

theobromae, 129, 162 uniseptata, 148 verticillata, 130

Endophyllum, 186

Endostigme chlorospora, 225 pirina, 36

Endoxylina, 227

Endoxylina allantospora, 227 astroidea, 227

Entyloma arnicale, 112 calendulae, 112 circaeae, 112 compositarum, 112

BEremomyces, 32

Erysiphe graminis, 71 macularis, 63

Euconiella, 65

Europhium, 32

Eurotium, 53

Eurotium appendiculatum, 315 echinulatum, 315 herbariorum, 315 TEDEMS ums h5 CUD BUM. SS umbrosum, 315 verruculosum, 315

Eurychora betulina, 88

Eutryblidiella sabina, 11

Eutypa sheariana, 72

Excipula ranunculi, 228

Exidia, 86

Exidia nucleata, 86 recisa, 86 repanda, 86 saccharina, 86 spiculosa, 86

Exosporium, 245

Exosporium biformatum, 258 scolecomorphum, 59 tiliae, 245

Fabraea cincta, 81 conigener, 228 litigiosa, 228 ranunculi, 228

Faerberia, 301

98

Faurelina, 305 Flammulaster, 142 Flammulaster carpophilus var. rhombosporus, CcORrnig. (torpl42 rhombospora, 142), corrig. to 142 Flocculina rhombospora, 142 Fragosphaeria purpurea, 32 Frommea, 306 Frommea obtusa, 306 Frommeélla, 306 Frommeélla tormentillae, 306 Fusarium, 234 Fusarium ciliatum, 74 poae), 234,.°235 sporotrichioides, 234 sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides, 235 sporotrichioides var. mMinws,) 235 Meth Gbublit, BOS. weve —pislat Fusicladium dendriticum, 35 pyrorum, 36 saliciperdum, 247 Gaeumannomyces, 37 Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis;; 337 graminis var. avenae, 37 graminis’ var. tritici, 37 Galactinia proteana, 248 varia, 169 Galerina hypnorum, 133 Geopetalum carbonarium, 301 longipes, 113 Geophila phillipsii, 189 Geopyxis unicolor, 249 varia, 169 Gerronema brevibasidiatum, 294 cinctum, 294 melleum, 170 pseudogrisellum, 170, eorrig.- tos70 Gibbera dickiei, 114 Gigaspora, 299 Gliocladium, 160 Gloeosporium brunneum, 13 castagnei, 14 hamamelidis, 276 populi-albae, 14 Gloiocephala menieri, 213

Glomus aggregatum, 299 Consturceun 330 deserticola, 299 fasciculatum, 299 halonatum, 330 magnicaule, 330 melanosporum, 330 mosseae, 300

glume blotch of wheat, 240

Graphiothecium, 23

Graphiothecium vinosum, 23

Graphium, 180, 313

Guignardia, 279

Guignardia aesculi, 280 bidwellii, 273 gaultheriae, 275 philoprina, 275 rhodorae, 21 nigeolonbalslol., 9° 2 7kS

gummy stem blight [of eCucurbuitsly si0s

Gymnoconia nitens, 307

Gymnosporangium, 28, 115, alata. sabakiehs = veel eye. alto)

Gymnosporangium bermudianum, 140 betheli, 28, 134, 138, 140 clavariiforme, 43, 115,

ARS) clavipes 7416 (4128S sss, 140 Gonnersii, 28, 134, 1240 Glopaaitepuleins, ie}. -akeye COBMUMC UML co fuscum, 43, 140 gaeumannii, 118 gaeumannii ssp. albertense, 118, 119 globosum;, 287, (“13577240 inconspicuum, 136, 140 juniperi-virginianae, 137, 140 juvenescens, 139 Nelsons Se els 4a els Sr

139, 140 nNidus-avais,) Usa ess aL Sor 140

sabinae, 43 tremelloides, 117, 119 (key) Gyromitra, 53, 968 Gyromitra ambigua, 52, 53

esculenta, 52 Grgasn52 ,"68 PENA oe, Hosp COLELd. co 2S konkii. 68 montana, 68 Helicobasidium farinaceum, 286 killermannii, 286 Helicogloea, 286 Helicogloea farinacea, 286 lagerheimi, 286 pinicola, 286 Helicoma, 293 Helicoma berkeleyi, 293 morgani, 293 prolvierans,) 293 viride, 293 Helicomyces scandens, 293 Helminthosphaeria ellavarlarum, 285 Helminthosporium, 125, 163 Helminthosporium atrovirens, 236 binum, 4 brachypus, 5.7 brachytrichum, 60 canadense, 129 cesatii, 162 coryneoideum, 191 coryneoideum var. proliferum, 193 densum 183 foliculatum, 60 helleri, 161 hyalophaeum, 162 leucosykes, 161 macrocarpon, 163 maculosum, 161 manum, 147 nodosum, 144 obovatum, 6, 108 oligosporum, 245 proliferum, 193 Simplex, 145 solani 163, 23'6 stemphylioides, 191 stemphylioides var. selva, absyal Subapiculatum, 144 subolivaceum, 122, 129 tiliae, 245

of

tingens, 226 velutinum, 163 Helmisporium, 163 (= Helminthosporium, nom. cons.) Helmisporium ciliare, 163 Helotium, 190 Helotium cassandrae, 190 versiformis, 67 Helvella infula, 52 Hemimycena, .177 Hemimycena cephalotricha, e/a: COREUOS ay le) Hendersonia avenae, 239 nodorum, 240 Hohenbuehelia, 113 Hohenbuehelia longipes, 113 Hormiscium, 201 Hormiscium altum, 184 pinophilum, 132 Hormodendron, 84 Hormotheca, 93, 120 Hormotheca geranii, 93 plantaginis, corrig. to 12:0 FODEreLani, 295,06 COLLIE. ute 93 rubicola; CoOrncig. to; 92 Humaria varia, 169 Hyalodothis caricis, 30 Hygrocybe spadicea, 178 Hygrophoropsis umbonata, 301 Hygrophorus;, -178, 318 Hygrophorus agathosmus, 318 hyacinthinus, 318 maritimus, 319 pacLricus . IFLe pustulatus, 318 spadiceus, 178 Spadiceus var. spadiceus fe OGCOnLUS! mene spadiceus var. albifolius, 178 Hymenochaete cinnamomea, 285 Hymenoscyphus, 190 Hyphoderma cremeoalbum, 230 praetermissum, 285 Si baercum, 123.0 Hypochnicium eichleri, 285 Hysterium maculare, 196 melaleucum, 195

100

melaleucum var. pulchellum, 195 pulchellum, 195 sphaerioides, 197 Inocybe, 3 Inocybe dulcamara, 3 Iodophanus, 304 litsketanley.§ ial Isaria fumosorosea, 154 tenuipes, 158 Kuehneola uredinis, 307 Laccaria maritima, 319, COrVnig 4s 'tonsd3 eRe ecalte ay nes ele9 trullisata subsp. Maint amarn S19 trullisata f£. rugulospora, gyal Laestadia cucurbitacearum, 303 rhodorae, 21 Lagena radicicola, 329 Lagenocystis radicicola, 329 Lasiobotrys linnaeae, 114 Lasiosphaeria hirsuta, 34 Lepiota rhombospora, 142 Lepteutypa fuckelii, 101 Leptodothiorella, 273, ° 275; PES PREVON SPAS} AA Leptodothiorella notabilis, 324 Leptographium, 32 Leptoporus kmetii, 174 Leptosphaeria, 328, 239 Leptosphaeria avenaria, 239, COnnig. .cor239 avenaria f. sp. triticea, PENS, coniothyrium, 49 doliolum, 328 nodervrum, 4240) COLL. gs ce

240 Leptothyrium circinans, 14 populi, 15

tremulae, 13 Leptotrochila medicaginis, PAPAS) GAnunieculiw e220 229 Libertella, 73 Ligniera, 199 Ligniera, juncr, 7199 Linocarpon, 37

Linocarpon cariceti, 37 Lophodermina, 195 Lophodermina melaleuca, 195 Lophodermium, 195, 197 Lophodermium maculare, 196 melaleucum, 195, 196 melaleucum var. epiphyllum, 195 OMY COCCL, 6 k96;, 197 sphaerioides, 197 Lunospora bromigena, 237 Lysurus australiensis, 94 borealis, corrig to 94 eruciatus, iCOrrigiunto 34 gardneri 94 corrig. to 94 Macrophoma celastrina, 274 hennebergii, 240 Macrosporium parasiticum, Bee, sarciniforme, 233 sarcinula, 232 Marasmiellus, 179 Marasmiellus alneus, 166 bermudensis, 216 corynophloeus, 166 dryogeton, 166 eburneus, 216 filopes; 179 pachycraspedum, 166 paludosus,) 166; 7213 papri tarus ia. petiolorum, 216 piluvius, +216 ramealis, 216 SenOSPOLUS Wales Marasmius alienus, 215 androsaceus, 179 copelandi,; 214, ;cornig. to 214 epidryas, 213 ft Lopes. 279 OLtduUS:,;, 2a4),. Corrad a Lo 214 pallidocephalus; 179 papillatus). 215 piceina,. 179 prasiosmus, 214 Salalis) scOrrig, (ton214 thous eo umbilicatus, 215 Mariannaea, 160 Mariannaea camptospora, 160

elegans, 160

elegans var. elegans, 160

elegans var. punicea, 160 Marsonia (see Marssonia) Marssonia brunnea, 13

castagnei, 14 Marssonina brunnea, 13

castagnei, 13, 14

populi, 4, 15 Massanacayeen4, © LO4 = LOS: a 06 Massaria conspurcata, 104

gigaspora, 105

inquinans, 74, 104

lantanae, 105

plumigera, 105

plumigera var. tetraspora,

105 pyri, 74 Weim 74:

vomitoria, 104 zanthoxyli, 106 Massariella, 106 Massariella zanthoxyli, 106 Massarina, 105 Massarina plumigera, 105 Mastigosporium lupini, 12 Melampsora hirculi, 141 Melanodothis caricis, 30 Melanomma coniothyrium, 49 Melanospora asymmetrica, 313 karstenii, 53 parasitica, 82 poae, 82 solani, 82 sphaerophila, 83 Melanotus, 189 Melanotus caricicola, 189 aati ase 8.9 phillipsii, 189 Melogrammataceae, 149 Merulius umbonatus, 301 Metacapnodiaceae, 132 Metacapnodium quinqueseptatum, 201 Metacoleroa, 114 Metacoleroa dickiei, 114 Microascaceae, 180, 305 Mycroascus,, 53) 51807..305 Microascus doguetii, 180 giganteus, 180 inopinatus, 180 intermedius, 180, 305

101

Longizostris, (1807313 mangini, 305 Meaucoha, a. SiOl7 6305 schumacheri, 180, 305 Singularis, 180 Sordrladuse ys 23 variabilis, 180 Micropuccinia silphii, 98 Deshonciamual | Sys) Microthelia manitobiensis, 92 Microthyrium macrosporum, 10 microscopicum, 10 microscopicum v. buxi, 10 microscopicum var. mMacrospora, 10 Midotis versiformis, 67 mildew, 71 Mollisia ranunculi, 228 Singularis, 229 Monilia, 197 Monilia alta, 184 Monilinia £ructicola, 738s Monochaetia, 12 Monodictys paradoxa, 251 Monotospora biseptata, 125 elliptica, 150 Munkiella robertiani, 93 Mutinus sulcatus, 94 Myceliophthora inflata, 155 My.Cenaygld Sip meLoiSy, wel i Mycena cariciophila, 165 pseudogrisella, 170 EOREUOS A, Selly Mycosphaerella citrullina, 303 cucumis, 303 graminicola, 244, corrig. to 244 melonis, 303 minor var. reticulata, 224 plantaginis, 120 rubina, 49; corrigs tov49 rumicis, 181 stromatoidea, 181 Myiocopron plantaginis, 120 Myriangium, 211 Mystrosporium macropus, 226 Naemospora ampelicida, 273 Naucoria badia, 175 erinaceus, 175 lanata, 175

102

rhombospora, 142 SCixvpi cola. 133 typhicotea,, «kes Nectria decora, 74 diminuta, 74 diploa var. diminuta, 74 masSariae, 74 pyrrochlora, 74 Neobulgaria foliacea, 85 pura, 85 pura var. foliacea, 85 Niptera conigener, 228 Nyssopsora clavellosa, 221, BAD Oat, Crownwrust, oat Octospora varia, 169 Oedocephalum, 304 Oedocephalum cristallinum, 304 macrosporum, 304 Oidium uredinis, 307 Olpidaster radicis, 176 Olpidium, 176 lofepavdalauy, RIG brassicae, 176 cucurbitacearum, 176 radicale, 176 Ladwerecola, . 76 Ombrophila pura, 85 violascens, 85 Omphalia aulacomnii, 113 ealbayeieey, Ps)! Onphal inary (3 770 Omphalina brevibasidiata, 294 demissella, 170 Ophiobolus;, 37 Ophiobolus cariceti, 37 graminis, 37 Ophiostomella melanosporoides, 82 Otidea (=Otidia), 66 Otidia;, 66,7249 Otthia morbosa, 84 Paecilomyces) 151), 02557 7160 Paecilomyces breviramosus, 159 carneus, 152 Cicadae, 151 elegans, 160 LAaArINOSUS) whSen) elle OS IE, wbSs

flavescens, 155 fumosoroseus, 154 aqua dhene yes, ally; LAD ACimus Wi teoe, OLS? marquandii, 157 tenuipes, 151, 158, 159 Wiewgaloyeas, abSyal Papulaspora, 27 Papulaspora coprophila, 27 dodgei, 27 qladio var. panasLtwea- -27 iqulopuelsh 2 7/ sepedonioides, 27 Parodiodia amelanchieris, 76 Pemphidium rubicolum, 92 Penicillium, 315 Penicillium elegans, 160 janthinellum, 156 Ts keKessewi, LEE Periconia sphaerophila, 83 toruloides, 146 Pestalotia, 12 Pestalotia lupini, 12 Petriella, 180, 313 Petriella asymmetrica, 313 Sorauiday soaks Peziza, 304 Peziza badia, 168 badioconfusa, 168,corrig. COGS eapula, 4202 domiciliana, 169 fulgens, 66 imperialis, 249 kerneri, 90 micropus )) 169 phyllogena, corrig, “bo 716s proteana f. proteana, 248 proteana f. sparassoides, 248 repanda, 169 singularis, 229 leulcKoiliona, eave varia, 169 versiformis, 67 Phacidium conigener, 228 litigiosum, 228 Panne 228 Phaeomarasmius, 142 Phaeomarasmius aridus, 175 erinaceus, 175, 21737

GOErLug? to 75 rhombosporus, 142, corrig. to 142 Phaeosphaeria avenaria, SOLuLLg, §tO 71239 nodorum, corrig. to 240 Phaeostoma sphaerophila, 83 Phialea, 190 Phialea cassandrae, 190 Phialophora, 34 Phialophora radicicola, 37 Phlyctidium ranunculi, 228 Pholiota, 175 Pholiota erinacea, 175 erinacella, 175 Phoma, 49, 277 Phoma hennebergii, 240 Phomopsis, 70, 277 Phragmiarum, 18) 41, 54.79; 30, BOG stoi Phragmidium alaskanum, 79 americanum, 54 sugelenebhin, 1/8) circumvallatum, 18 fusiforme, 54 fusiforme var. noviboreale, 54 fusiforme var. rosae- aCICulaGiSs a 54 miyabeanum, 18 montivagum, 54 occidentale, 79, 80 potentillae, 41, 306 rosae-acicularis, 54 rubi-idaei, 80 rubi-odorati, 80 tormentillae, 306 Phragmocephala, 150, 192 Phragmocephala cookei, 150 elilrptics 150) 6191); 192 prolifera ul92,). 193 stemphylioides var. stemphylioides, 191,

fe VAS Ts ee) stemphylioides var. parva, LIE oe

Phyllachora, 328

Phyllachora betulina, 88

Phyllachoraceae, 121

PHyLlOstl ected. 274)" 275 pious, PRIUS), PRN). Pi, BABS BRL 324

103

Phyllosticta acericola, 277 aGicowar) S2a. ampelicida 273 anacardiacearum, 281 brunnea, 13 celastrina, 274 of enaualdlavoveh, | SOs CONGCEnerErean zi, S cruenta, 324 cruenta var. pallidior,

278 Cy pica mceic cumminsii, 278 elongata, 275 gaultheriae, 275 (key), BUS) gaultheriae f£. shallon, OATES hamamelidis, 276 llLelopaulcxersy, 23 Mascimawt wlan 2S minima, 277 Minories multicorniculata, 322 pallidioxn? (28 paviae, 280 pervincae, 282 pyrolae, 7275, 2279 rhododendri, 21 saccardoi, 21 sphaeropsoidea, 280 Stomatwcollan. 228 subeffusa, 278 elmer, Siertaly,, srs) POxrCAy a 26 Weceainuilal , 27s vincae, 282 Vaenteeuley. Ds yuceae, 324

Phy llostictina, 324

Phyllostictina celastrina, 274 cordylines, 324 hamamelidis, 276 maxima, 21 pallidior,- 278, (324 pyrolae, 279 sphaeropsoidea, 280

Physosporellaceae, 149

Piedratayeee et

Piedraia hortae, 211 hortai (=hortae), 211

104

javanica, 211 Pileolaria brevipes, 50 patzcuarensis, 50 toxicodendri, 50 Piptoporus betulinus, 55 Pistaivliarday 292 Pistillaria thaxteri;: 292 Pistillina thaxteri, 292 Pithoascaceae, 305 Pithoascus, 180, 305 Pithoascus exsertus, 305 intermedius, 305, 313 langeronii, 305 platysporus, 305 stoveri, 305 Pleiochaeta, 12 Pleiochaeta setosa, 12 Pleochaeta, 12 Pleospora;, “L01, .232 Pleospora allii, 232 armeriae, 232 herbarum,” 232,° 'corrigi) to 232 maritima, 232 Carcdayeorrica., bor232 Eriglochinicolays 232 Pleotrachelus bornovanus, 176 brassicae, 176 virulentus, 176 Pleurophragmium cylindricum, 145 maculosum, 161 nodosum, 144 Pleurotus longipes, 113 Plowrightia morbosa, 84 Pollaceiay 2417, Pollaccia saliciperda, 247 Polydesmus elegans, 183 Polymyxa, 199 Polymyxa betae, 199, 200 betae £f. sp. amaranthi, 200 betae £f. sp. betae, 200 graminis, 199, 200 Polyporus albellus, 174 ferro-aurantius, 174 kmetii, 174 Polystigmataceae, 149 powdery mildew, 71 Preussiaster pauciseptatus, 34

Protomyces xylogenus, 283 Protoventuria, 114 Psathyra typhae, 133 ctyphae! varieirrars, 235 Psathyrella sulcatotuberculosa, 133 typhae, 133 typhae f£.. acori, 133 Pseudapiospora corni, 121 Pseudeurotiaceae, 32 Pseudeurotium, 32 Pseudeurotium rilstonii, 32 Pseudobaeospora oligophylla, PACH po nma ht Roys bie Ge a eet hy; Pseudodichomera, 17 Pseudomassaria, 121, 149 Creraaty, alval Pseudopeziza ranunculi, 228 Singularis) 212289225 (epqalnroylatsl 1/2 Ae Pseudorhizina sphaerospora, 52 Pseudoseptoria, 237, 238 Pseudoseptoria bromigena, 237 donacis = Vey = 25.8 everhartii, 237, 238 obtusa, 238 Sstomabicolay aco ass s Pseudospiropes, 144 nodosus, 144, 145 Simplex, 144, 145 Pseudotis unicolor, 249 Pseudovalsa effusa, 101 texensis, 101 Psilachnum, 190 Psilachnum cassandrae, 190 Psilocybe bulbosa, 287, COPTIC. .COl287 caricicola, 189 Psilonia atra, 5 Puceciniay Js) 89) OS nope Mel, AAO AIS SPAS) Puccinia aberrans, 46, 47 alpina, 78 anemones-virginianae, 262, 268 anomala, 312 araliae,. 222 (key) areolata, 264, 269, 272 aristidae, 209

SYealers Wash (sl eak | aah

asparagi, 314

balsamorhizae, 89, 95, 99

bivetranay 2637) 268; Corrig: prot 263

bullae, 19.7

ecubes,, 2K 2B ak Bap

Salhehareorla qe 6 Se oa OF ey Zaz

campanulae, 219, 220

Campanulae var. novae- zembliae, 219

canadensis, 56

evewaqul(esiioys\ , 0) 7/

codyi, 46, 47

conglomerata, 110

coronata var. avenae, 311, Ba

dayi, 204, 210

ditoweae, 2 955 111

dispersa, 310

Giepervsa te Sp.7 trataci, 809

Clay cnesteUskchys, AOS, AWA, 20537 210

epmiewikyey, WS, 9/33

fergussonii, 64

gei, 18

gei-parvifolii, 18

gemella, 264, 268

gentianae, 295, 298

geranii-sylvaticae, 325

gibberulosa, corrig. to 263

Gigeanerspora, 265,272 (key)

Glacreri, 77, 18,

globosipes, 188

glumarum, 250

graminis, 288

haleniae, 296, 298

helianthi, 95, 96, 99

helianthorum, 95

heliopsidis, 95

hieracii, 111

holboellii, 46, 47

horder, 3.0.. 312) (key)

intermixta, 95, 96

shigatebtcy,. Sex)

kansensis, 186

karelica, 206, 207

105

karelica ssp. karelica, ZAOGi 20

karelica ssp. laurentina, 20617, 21.0

leveillei, 325, 326

limosae, 206, 207, 210

lobeliae, 220 (key)

longipes, 97

longipes var. longipes, 97

longipes var. brevipes, 97

magnusiana, 262

malvacearum, 171, 173

maydis, 302

melampodii, 99

melanconioides, 208

mirabilissima, 288, corrig.-ro 288

Mire he eavso

WMOrRelauwewesvat .§ SAS

nardosmiae, 110

novae-zembliae, 219

ornatula, 77, 78

Guaicoaia, DOs, OEY, Awo)

parnassiae, 19

parnassiaecola, 19

pelargonium-zonalis, 326

physalvdis," 1867428744188

podophyli1,” 288 9289

polygoni-avicularis, 314

polyspora,, BO2

potentillae, 41

pulsatillae, 265) 266, PMS IS), QUA

ranunculi, 263

BeCconditita 2 65).es OSs 0; Ba

recondstast sp str ieacr, SOS)

ruebelii, 78

Ssaxifragae, 208

schedonnardi, 172, 173

sessilis, 320

sherardiana, 173 (key)

sieversiae, 18

sieversiae var. sieversiae, 18

Sieversiae var. tatrensis, 18

Silphii, 98

solheimii, 208

sorghi,,*302

106

Siersaseorma sare > Os 2

subnatensy) LS 8209s 2107 314

Swertiae, 298

syngenesiarum, 110

thlaspeos, 47

trautvetteriae, 266, 268

treleasiana, 267, 268

(rea wsh@stiaysys SHO). Slab Oey) Bhalky

tumidipes, 188 (key)

ULEGiINOSanL9

Wacleysyeislisy yake!

ustalis, 268 (key)

vernoniae, 97

viguierae, 95

violae, 78

violae ssp. violae, 75

violae ssp. americana, 75

violae-glabellae, 78

Saccoblastia, 286 Saccoblastia farinacea, 286 pinicola, 286 Saccothecium corni, 121 Sarcoscypha imperialis, 249 Scedosporium, 313 Schizophyllum commune, 42 Sciniatosporium, 222 dothideoides, 212 Sclerocystis rubiformis, 284 Sclerotinia, 90 Sclerotinia kerneri, 90 Scopinelia,* 82," 6s Scopinella barbata, 82, 83 Caulaneola, 182),0°83 solani, 82 (key) sphaerophila, 82, 83, 84 Scopulariopsis, 180,77 305 Seimatosporium, 212 Selenophoma bromigena, 237

volkartiana, 210 (key) waldsteiniae, 18 xanthifoliae, 95, 96 xant hitay, (9/57 "9/9 zeae, 302 Pucciniastrum, 297 Pucciniastrum alaskanum, 297 americanum, 307 are tecumess OW beringianum, 297 gentianae, 297 Pythium, 329 Radulomyces sibiricus, 230 Ramularia, 23 Ramularia arnicalis, 112 coalescens, 23 mitellae, 23 mitellae var. heucherae, 2S virgaureae, 61 Rehmiodothis betulina, 88 Rivzina Intlatay eG corrrg. BOM LG undulata; (16,. 39.cornig: jee). AS Rhizophagites butleri, 299 Rhizophydium granulosporum, 29 Rickenella mellea, 170 pseudogrisella, corrig. to LO Roestelia brucensis, 140 (key)! (COorrigq teo> L420

donacis var. stomaticola, 238

Selenosporella, 129, 162,

164

Septogloeum saliciperdum,

247

Septonemayaerum, ss

dichaenoides, 184 exile, 183 hormiscium, 185 nitidum, 184 rude, 185

Septoria, 239 Septoria agrestis, 242

agropyri, 242

avenae, 239

avenae f. sp. avenae, 239

avenae f.. -sp..,CPieicea, PES)

bromi, 241

bromi var. elymina, 241, 242

bromi var. phalaricola, 241

bromi. var. septulata, 241

bromicola, 241

bromigena, 237

curtiSiana, 244

Cyt us1 239

elymi, 241, 242, 243

elymi f£. elymina, 242

elymicola, 242

glumarum, halophila,

Noles. 240

infuscans, jaculella,

240 243

242 241

Munvina,) 243 nodorum, 240

oxyspora, pacifica,

Zou 242

passerinii, 243 phyllachoroides, 239

smithiana,

ErVevel, 24372447 corrig-

to 244 isaeaviesiielal, ak,

\Greniiesichl seve,

244 silver-scurf Sowerbyella,

241

sp. avenae, iifoyll kalvexoy fey

of potato, 249

Sowerbyella imperialis, cOnrmuig: to 249

UnVCcoVvon, Spadicoides,

249 4

Spadicoides atra, 5

bina, 4, 9

canadensis, 9

carpatica, grovei, 4,

285 Uf

KLOEZSChud e145) 2S obovata, 6, 8

xylogena,

285

speckled leaf blotch of barley, 243 speckled leaf blotch of

wheat, 244

Sphaerella adusta, 194

bryoniae,

303

cehiitorospora, 225 GHicraeyllilaieyer, shock effusa, 194 inaequalis, 35 melonis, 303

rhodorae,

rubina, 49

21

Hume 18a Sphaeria, 197 Sphaeria agnina, 74

albopruinosa, 72

bryoniae, Cariceti,

303 37

chlorospora, 225

colMaine aay,

76

244

236

249,

107

(exeyaigal, .. Wal

cucurbitacearum, 303

decora, 74

auekweds 2114

geraniz, 93

gigaspora, 105

helvellae, 53

herbarum, 232

lgaligichohecy, ales

inquinans, 104

morbosa, 84

profusa, 101

rumicis, 181

subulata, 55

cepa. QQ

virescens, 73 Sphaeronaema

(as Sphaeronema), 84 Sphaeronaema helvellae, 53

subulatum, 55 Sphaeronaemella, 53, 55 Sphaeronaemella fimicola, 53

helvellae, 52, 53 (key),

COrrig.. co. 53

raphani, 53

spermosphaerici, 53

subulata, 55 Sphaeropsis minima, 277 Sphaerotheca ferruginea, 63

humuli, 63

macularis, 63 Spicariascarnea, 1S2

longipes, 153

pulvinatays. 1153

violacea, 157 Spilocaea, 291 Spilocaea pomi, 35 Spilosticta rumicis,, 182 Spiropes, 161 Spiropes guareicola, 161

helleri, 161 Spondylocladiella botryoides, 285 Spondylocladium, 4 Spondylocladium atrovirens,

ISS). ZENS

fumosum 4, 8 Sporidesmium, 185, 304 Sporidesmium adscendens, 185

brachypus, 57

deightonii, 57

fasciculare, 256

108

foliculatum, 60 harknessii, 59 hormiscioides, 58 hyalophaeum, 162 larvatum, 59 olivaceum, 245 Spilomeum, 257 vagum, 185 Sporocybe sphaerophila, 83 Sporodesmium (alternate spelling for Sporidesmium), 304 Sporodesmium macrochaeta, 304 Sporotrichum poae, 234 spur blight of raspberry, 49 COLE wucO uso Stachylidium, 4 Stachylidium bicolor, 4 fumosum, 4 Stagonospora, 239, 240 Stagonospora arenaria, 239, 240 avenae, 239, 240, corrig. ie) Sh) avenae f. sp. avenae, 239 avenae f. sp. triticea, 239, 244 hennebergi, 240 nodorum, 239, 240, 244, COnpri gd. stor 240 tritici £f. sp. avenae, 244 Eritien.£ ssp. holes. 1244 jcneatieatieng Aigcpe se lwevilalvexoulicy-. ayei7l Steganosporium, 103 Steganosporium acerinum, NA, TOs! cellulosum, 103 cellulosum var. majus, 102 OVacUun i) Oe eLOS pyriforme, 103 pyriforme. var’. majus, -102 Stemphyliumy..232, 232 Stemphylium botryosum, 232, COPEIG 7 *cO232 globuliferum, 232 herbarum, -comnig. 1to 232 Sarcini forme), 233 Crigiochinicotays 252 vesicarium, 232 Stigmatea robertiani, 93 rubicola, 92

LFUMLCLS, LBL Stigmina, 167 Stigmina compacta, 212 dothideoides, 212 robusta, 167 Stilbospora ovata, 103 Strasseria japonica, 274 vincae, 282 Stypinella killermannii, 286 Stysanus stemonites, 100 tache argentée, 236 Taeniola alta, 184 Taeniolella, 183 Taeniolella alta, 184 bilgramia, 2233 dichotoma, 183 exilis, 183 Lodi sae s5 Talaromyces, 151 target spot of red clover, 2353 Teratosperma, 143 Thaxteriella pezizula, 293 Thermoascus, 151 Therrya, 48 Therrya fuckelii, 48 Thyridaria texensis, 101 Thyrionectria pyrrochlora, 74 Thyrospora sarciniforme, 233 Tilletia, 33 Tilletia brevifaciens, 33 caries, 33 controversa, 33 Titaeosporina tremulae, 13, 14 Torrubiella gonylepticida, 153 pulvinata 353 Torula alnea, 184 alta, 184 Erect DUStRE4s Tremella clavariaeformis, akalls sabinae, 43 Trichobasis balsamorhizae, 89 wyethiae, 89 Trichocladium moenitum, 261 opacum, 256 tricholomayr 3! Tricholoma albobrunneum, 31

s\Ohatsiahesmuina, 9 oak batschia,) 31 californicum,, 31 flavobrunneum, 31 fulvum, 31(key) pessundatum, 31 pessundatum var. montanum, 31 populinum, 31 subannulatum, 31 subpessundatum, 31 transmutans, 31 tridentinum, 31 ustaloides, 31

Trichosporum hortae, 211 hortai (=hortae), 211

Trichothecium roseum, 84

iMeielaensoks) k(0)(s)

Trichurus cylindricus, 100 gorgonifer, 100 spiralis, 100 terrophilus, 100

Trimmatostroma, 184

Triphragmium clavellosum, DXA

Tripospermum, 132

Troposporella fumosa, 293

Tryblidium sabinum, 11

Tubeufia helicoma, 293

Tylopilus felleus, 44 plumbeoviolaceus, 44 rubrobrunneus, 44

BVO ket pone 9

Typhula thaxteri, 292

Tyromyces, 174

Tyromyces chioneus, 174 kmetii, 174

Uberispora, 143

Uredo, 297

Uredo alaskana, 297 beringiana, 1297, 298 conglomerata, 110 cupressicola, 118 gentianae, 295, 297 gentianae-formosanae, 297 geranii, 326 obtusa, 306

ULGCYSELS 02 7

Upocystis gliadioly,, 27

WrONVCeSi 2 OSimre LOL 269), Baa 6

Uromyces acuminatus, 203,

109

ZO A eZ Sy 210 acuminatus var. steironematis, 203 apiosporus, 203 carneus, 26a,b eugentianae, 298 (key) gentianae, 298 Geran, a2 570 326 hordei, 312 jsUneL, 95 lapponicus, 25 lapponicus var. lapponicus, 26a,b lapponicus var. oxytropis, 26a,b peckianus, 209, 314 phacae-frigidae, 25, 26a,b pisi, 24 polygoni, 314 polygoni-avicularis, 314 punctatus, 24 Sanguineus, 288, corrig. Ee) Paes! Silphii,.-98 speciosus, 298 Strlatus ma toxicodendri, 50 Uropyxis mirabilissima, 288, SOLrIG Lo 288 Sanguinea, 288, corrig. to 288 Ustilago pinguiculae, 198 Valsa, 129 Valsa albopruinosa, 72 ambiens, 129 roseola, 72 virescens, 73 Valsaria, 227 Valsaria allantospora, 227 LAS lV oi Ven turdan leds OA 2236 PX ORE PAP Se, COAT IES axe Toh Venturia adusta, 194 asperata, 291 asteromorpha, 194 canadensis, 181, 182 carpophila, 291 chilorespota, m2233 9224. 2255 8247. chlorospora var. canescens, 225

110

ollie cake, bale! helvetica, 225 tnasquates,) 55, 56, 291 macularis, 247 maculiformis, 194 Mmicrospora, 223 IMewablas BAS) Dae BOS Avy DiLiNanes On re. TUM Sem Cele meso saliciperda, 247 (key) Subcutanea, 223, 224, 225, 247 Venturiaceae, 76, 88 Vermicularia atramentaria, Syl

Verticicladiella, 129

Verticillium, 104

Verticillium dahliae, 104 Marquandii, 157

Viennotidia raphani, 53 spermosphaerici, 53

Wardomyces, 180

Wardomycopsis, 180

Wettsteiniella robusta, 167

Xenasmatella filicina, 230

Xenodochus, 308

Xenodochus carbonarius, 308 minor, 308

Xylaria, 149

Xylariaceae, 121

Xyloma betulina, 88

HOST LIST

Fungus species designated with an asterix [*] had been reported in Fungi Canadenses 1 - 330 to occur on particular hosts in other countries but had not been reported from Canada on these hosts. In the case of some Agaricales, mycorrhizal and other fungi, suspected, presumed or unconfirmed plant associations [designated with a ?] are included here, i.e., fungus species known only from the rhizosphere of or from soil near specific plants.

Abies

Amylocorticium cebennense Bactrodesmium betulicola Bactrodesmium cedricola Cordana pauciseptata Marasmiellus filopes Paecilomyces farinosus ?Peziza phyllogena Phyllosticta multicorniculata Sclerotinia kerneri Sporidesmium larvatum Taeniolella rudis

Acer

?Amylocorticium cebennense Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium nigrum Calonectria decora

Cordana pauciseptata Endophragmiella bisbyi Endophragmiella collapsa Endophragmiella subolivacea Endoxylina allantospora Flammulaster rhombosporus Helminthosporium velutinum ?Hygrocybe spadicea Massaria inquinans Neobulgaria pura Oedocephalum cristallinum Paecilomyces farinosus Peziza varia

Phyllosticta minima Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides atra Sporidesmium foliculatum Steganosporium acerinum

Steganosporium ovatum ?Tylopilus rubrobrunneus

Achillea

?Laccaria maritima

Aegilops

bY Crb MALE Clergubaloeepe aus; A020) AUahss

ESCA VaaLE) (Setleskesig el IlIh; alee (also Thalictrum)

Aesculus Phyllosticta sphaeropsoidea

Agrimonia Sphaerotheca macularis

X Agrohordeum

Pseudoseptoria stomaticola

Agropyron

Erysiphe graminis

Lagena radicicola

Olpidium brassicae

Polymyxa graminis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Piickealiouiel Chepekaheopa miley ING acieae Septoria elymi

Agrostis

Gaeumannomyces graminis var.

EvTe1 Cy Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae

Allium

Glomus constictum Petriella sordida Sclerocystis rubiformis

Alnus

Bactrodesmium biformatum ?Cystoderma lilacipes Endophragmiella angustispora Endophragmiella collapsa Endophragmiella pallescens

111

Flammulaster rhombosporus Helminthosporium velutinum Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides klotzschii Sporidesmium foliculatum Sporidesmium hormiscioides Taeniolella alta

Althaea

Puccinia malvacearum III

Amaranthus Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Polymyxa betae

Ambrosia Olpidium brassicae Puccinia xanthii III

Amelanchier Apiosporina collinsii Calonectria decora Gymnosporangium clavariiforme 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,1 (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium inconspicuum 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium nelsonii 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium nidus-avis 0,I (also Juniperus) Phaeomarasmius erinaceus

Anaphalis Didymosphaeria conoidea ?Sclerocystis rubiformis

Anchusa

*Puccinia recondita 0,I (also Secale)

Androsace Puccinia volkartiana III

Wiz

Anemone

Puccinia anemones-virginianae iC gee

Puccinia gigantispora 0,I,III

Puccinia pulsatillae III

Anthemis Olpidium brassicae Lagena radicicola

Aphyllophorales (fungi)

Piplococcium clarkii

Arabidopsis Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also Paste as))

Arabis Puccinia holboellii 0O,III

Aralia Nyssopsora clavellosa III

Araucaria Phyllosticta acicola

Arbutus

Amylocorticium cebennense

Arctagrostis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola

Arctium Olpidium brassicae Scopinella solani

Arnica

Didymella delphinii Entyloma arnicale Pucciniva arn Cala Suet ly tT

Aronia (=Photinia) Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,I (also Juniperus)

Artemisia ?Glomus aggregatum ?Glomus constrictum

Asclepias ?Glomus aggregatum

Asparagus

Glomus aggregatum Glomus mosseae Sclerocystis rubiformis

Aster Cercosporella virgaureae

Asteridiella (fungi) Spiropes helleri

Astragalus

Uromyces lapponicus var. lapponicus (O07 D721

Uromyces phacae-frigidae III

Uromyces punctatus li wiim (also Euphorbia)

Athyrium ?Pseudobaeospora pillodii

Avena

Dendryphion nanum

Erysiphe graminis

Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides

?Glomus constrictum

Lagena radicicola

Olpidium brassicae

Pseudoseptoria stomaticola

Puccinia coronata var. avenae II, III (also Rhamnus)

Stagonospora avenae

Balsamorhiza Puccinia balsamorhizae OF ee eed:

Beckmannia Erysiphe graminis

Beta

Lagena radicicola Petriella sordida Polymyxa betae

Betula

Atopospora betulina Bactrodesmium betulicola Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium nigrum Brachysporium obovatum Ciboria betulicola Cordana pauciseptata ?Cortinarius calopus ?Cystoderma lilacipes Diaporthe alleghaniensis Discina korfii Endophragmiella biseptata Helminthosporium velutinum Neobulgaria pura Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides atra Sporidesmium foliculatum Taeniolella exilis ?Tricholoma fulvum Tyromyces kmetii

Bidens Olpidium brassicae

Blasia (liverwort) Rickenella pseudogrisella

Brassica Dendryphion nanum Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Paecilomyces variotii Pleospora tarda

Bromus

Fusarium poae Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae

Pseudoseptoria bromigena Septoria bromi Stagonospora nodorum

Buxus Microthyrium macrosporum

Cakile

?Glomus constrictum

Calamovilfa

?Glomus aggregatum ?Glomus constrictum

Caltha

1413

Puccinia areolata 0,I,I1I,I1II Puccinaay Calehacw Ones ters late

Puccinia calthicola

Oy JG, ahey HE AEE Puccinia gemella III Puccinia treleasiana III

Campanula Coleosporium campanulae Pie ten (ais oOmP ants) Puccinia campanulae III

Capsella

Lagena radicicola

Capsicum Colletotrichum coccodes Petriella sordida

Carex

Calyptella capula

Melanodothis caricis

Melanotus caricicola

Mycena cariciophila

Olpidium brassicae

Puccinia karelica ssp. karelica II,III (also Trientalis)

Puccinia karelica ssp. laurentina I1I,IIT (also Trientalis)

Puccinia limosae II,III (also

114 Lysimachia)

Carpinus Diatrype albopruinosa

Carya

Bactrodesmium obovatum