é ‘ a i 5 z z 3 ; 5 : : ' ; . 5 y * K x Be ‘ * > . ; f * s 2 = % rok . « = Fy zs ss : = = : Sa5 Se $e . ‘ = ~ 3 u s Sy ve ‘. _ <2 . < e Fi r Ss > b * x = x S . - " < - L E Ban ge ’ Z 4 S > G 2 = ¥ Z2 2 © ¥ ® z 3 U = 2 zs z : e > : z j : » , 4 4 ALBICRT K. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNM Ea GAYLORD 080 045 143 DATE DUE banal : , en ee een bee New species cn n beh a Compe Ge of coilatsiiae enzyme zymograms oe species of he otheus and ee See Re Shesi ete . ee vr [Content continued inside front cover] TER SOS Tee For subsceiphion qerane: availability an * ‘microfilm and microfiche, and pevattaberty of articles as tear sheets, see back COVER 95 se EY [Contents continued from front cover] Contribution to the knowledge of fungi of the genus Sphaerotheca in Yugoslavia. Branislav Rankovié and Ljiljana Comié Some new species and new records of discomycetes in China. VII. Wen-ying Zhuang and Zheng Wang Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VI. Remarks on Bactrodesmium, and BRUTE S COMI. TOV Sox, ca Lcd bcabonds chin soem L. Zucconi and D. Lunghini Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VII. Septonema crispulum anam.-sp. nov. Dario Lunghini and Francesco Toscano New species and new combinations in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) RORY NI PASCO a Iho Pop nia da tanh acck walacvstudensares vale saregueeenan Ti John A. Elix Nomenclatural notes on some arthroconidial yeasts. G. S. de Hoog, E. Guého, and M. Th. Smith New species of Russiia trom Caliona 2.5.6: dscc0c ces cde ve cdvscesenneen ded Harry D. Thiers Generic concepts within the groups of Marasmius and Collybia sensu lato. V. Antonin, R. E. Halling, and M. E. Noordeloos New or rare hyphomycetes from Cuba VIII. Species of Lylea, Phaeoisaria, Arxiella, Graphium, Periconia and Ramichloridium. A. Mercado-Sierra, M. J. Figueras, and J. Gené Two new bluing species of Psilocybe from Puerto Rico.................. Gaston Guzman, Fidel Tapia, Angel M. Nieves-Rivera, and Carlos Betancourt Tricholoma albidulum sp. nov. (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales) from Baja California, PRE EMAS ooh eiacaweesa ce ieee G. Moreno, N. Ayala, and F. Esteve Raventdés Additions to the chemistry, ecology and distribution of Peltigeramelanorrhiza and fe REODOLV ACT VIAN: 5, ccih coc, ciauacew dete Isabel Martinez and Ana Rosa Burgaz Macromycetes of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Evangelina Pérez Silva and José Luis Leén de la Luz Further new species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australasia. John A. Elix Ingoldian fungi from the Catalan Pyrenees: pure culture studies.......... Enrique Descals Annotated list of the Lophiostomataceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Dothideales, Ascomycotina) reported from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands.....................605 J. Checa Three new species of the Meliolaceae from Kerala, India. V. B. Hosagoudar, T. K. Abraham, and R. D. Goos Notice: A new Book Review Editor for Mycotaxonn ............c..sccseccscccenssceowevccssecseens PNCMEG: WIV OOS VSLCTAG, <. 5. east cance tees «we eae eens es anaes Su yes Ww ovichibwcn vp Su ss esi euea nd de ataeneteee MAA AMUN 50 25 508.50 5 ca a OSS Sanne Wa eh Ede ao oR hea 4 wo Sh Sepeen WAS Ea» donne Ta td Gepeaeed akemmames Tee bgex to Famoous and Lichen Take ..25..2cs05sn0s0res0sesndctovaayeonbes atneratng das rananeeeeeeeen ; BE NE oa a as Be ros bs besa a wands ae Heinen ate nk ree os talesp AR a ate WA Ana aaa Mane a oe © Mycotaxon, Ltd., 1997 ERRATA, VOLUME SIXTY-THREE i d ramealis 225, line 11 for rameales rea Bat 262, line 8 for cathegory read caleaey ie Page 311, line 27 for Maas alee bias Yee ined ti bellipsoi re Page 354, line 1 for sus pl ravciaean ese , line 1 for (DC) Fr. Sing. rea me ET): ae “ee ing 8 for Phegmatium read Phlegmatium MYCOTAXON AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI, INCLUDING LICHENS VOLUME LXIIl, 1997 COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME CONSISTING OF iv + 516 PAGES INCLUDING FIGURES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jean Boise Cargill P. O. Box 391887 678 Massachusetts Ave., Suite 501 Cambridge, MA 02139-0019, USA Pavel Lizon Assistant to the Editor-in-Chief Plant Pathology Herbarium Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 ASSOCIATE EDITORS E. H. C. McKenzie Book Review Editor Herbarium PDD Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Grégoire L. Hennebert French Language Editor 32 Rue de l'Elevage B-1340 Ottignies -LLN, Belgium Karen D. Gettelman Index Editor St. Louis, MO, USA EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD JACK D. ROGERS, Pullman, Washington, USA (1990-98,Chm.) JAMES W. KIMBROUGH, Gainesville, Florida, USA (1990-97) OVE ERIKSSON, Umea, Sweden (1990-99) RONALD H. PETERSEN, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA (1990-2000) GARY J. SAMUELS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA (1997-2000) DONALD H. PFISTER, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1997-2001) Published by MY COTAXON, LTD.P.O.BOX 264 ITHACA, NY 14851-0264, USA www.mycotaxon.com Printed in the United States of America © Mycotaxon, Ltd., 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME SIXTY-THREE June-August 1997 On Piloderma bicolor and the closely related P. byssinum, P. croceum, and P. fallax. Michael J. Larsen, Jane E. Smith, and Donaraye McKay New species and new records of ascomycetes on stems of eucalypts from Tasmania, Australia 6 700.ctoendoetetes fuesdocteck eet eae eae Zi Qing Yuan and C. Mohammed Hygrophoraceae of Western Australia ................... N. L. Bougher and A. M. Young Three new sequestrate basidiomycetes from Western Australia ................ N. L. Bougher Two new species and new reports in the Parmeliaceae sensu stricto (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Brazil.................... Sionara Eliasaro and Monica T. Adler Polymorphism of vegetative propagules in Punctelia punctilla (Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales) and ‘the delimitation of the species 02 7.20.050 0. ete aseaeetccseesseenn Monica T. Adler A new contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agaricus in Chile. AQGFICUS WIGHT SP! NOV: .ct2e seccscor ate. seen ee E. Valenzuela, P. Heinemann, F. Esteve-Raventés, S. Garnica, M. Polette, and W. Castells Mycorrhizae of Asian black truffles, Tuber himalayense and 7. indicum. O. Comandini and G. Pacioni Corrigendum and indexes (fungus names, hosts and substrates) to Fungi Canadenses 1-330 (1973-1990)......... Michael Corlett, S. A. Redhead, and C. E. Babcock Endogone aurantiaca, a new species in the Endogonales from Poland. Janusz Blaszkowski Heterotolyposporium, a new genus of Ustilaginales......................eeeee eee ee eee K. Vanky Tropical hyphomycetes of Mexico I. New species of Hemicorynespora, Piricauda and TRULOCIGONUNGS fc. ner ee eee snca ice Angel Mercado Sierra, Gabriela Heredia Abarca, and Julio Mena Portales Notes on conidial fungi XII. New or interesting hyphomycetes from Cuba. R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, J. Guarro, and J. Cano Notes on conidial fungi. XIII. A new species of Cladosporium from Cuba. R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, B. Kendrick, and J. Gené Ee CTOROSPOTE ON FIGLOTIA G5 ores ied ences eek O. Constantinescu and G. Negrean New heterobasidiomycetes from Great Britain ...................eeceeeeeeeeeeee es Peter Roberts Tuber pseudohimalayense sp. nov. An Asiatic species commercialized in Spain, similar to thes Peri SOLGe (TUNIC one sca s eee een G. Moreno, J. L. Manjon, J. Diez, L. G. Garcia-Montero, and G. Di Massimo Mating systems in hymenomycetes: new reports and taxonomic implications. Ronald H. Petersen Austrocenangium gen. nov. from southern South America.................. Irma J. Gamundi Comparative study of cellulolytic enzyme zymograms of species of Thecotheus and lodophanus (Pezizales-AscomyceteS).............ecececeeeeeeeeceuens Alejandro G. Pardo, Andrea S. Sivori, and Maria E. Ranalli The myxomycetes from Baja California (Mexico). I. M. Lizarraga, G. Moreno, and C. Illana Contribution to the knowledge of fungi of the genus Sphaerotheca in Yugoslavia. Branislav Rankovi¢c and Ljiljana Comic Some new species and new records of discomycetes in China. VII. Wen-ying Zhuang and Zheng Wang Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VI. Remarks on Bactrodesmium, and IDSC BDEMSEZCOMD. NOW ictiiasscst vera tas cack ee Geb on tse L. Zucconi and D. Lunghini ili 269 301 307 323 iv Studies on Mediterranean hyphomycetes. VII. Septonema crispulum anam.-sp. nov. Dario Lunghini and Francesco Toscano New species and new combinations in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) FLOM: SOUFHCATNGA 5.055 6 hoe caies se sac obese aris cute cena tence s eas cua sre gtes sian ja te John A. Elix Nomenclatural notes on some arthroconidial yeasts. G. S. de Hoog, E. Guého, and M. Th. Smith New species of Russula from Califormta va... :..c0.< 24 aan seer hae dnt eet oes Harry D. Thiers Generic concepts within the groups of Marasmius and Collybia sensu lato. V. Antonin, R. E. Halling, and M. E. Noordeloos New or rare hyphomycetes from Cuba VIII. Species of Lylea, Phaeoisaria, Arxiella, Graphium, Periconia and Ramichloridium. A. Mercado-Sierra, M. J. Figueras, and J. Gené Two new bluing species of Psilocybe from Puerto RicO..............00000+ Gastén Guzman, Fidel Tapia, Angel M. Nieves-Rivera, and Carlos Betancourt Tricholoma albidulum sp. nov. (Tricholomataceae, A garicales) from Baja California, Mexico. 228 eg ech oa secre G. Moreno, N. Ayala, and F. Esteve Raventés Additions to the chemistry, ecology and distribution of Peltigeramelanorrhiza and P neopolydachyla 5. e.g... uk aaseameseene testes ee Isabel Martinez and Ana Rosa Burgaz Macromycetes of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Evangelina Pérez Silva and José Luis Leén de la Luz Further new species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australasia. John A. Elix Ingoldian fungi from the Catalan Pyrenees: pure culture studies............. Enrique Descals Annotated list of the Lophiostomataceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Dothideales, Ascomycotina) reported from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands ...........-.....-++se005 J. Checa Three new species of the Meliolaceae from Kerala, India. Vv. B. Hosagoudar, T. K. Abraham, and R. D. Goos Notice: A new Book Review Editor for MyCOlQXON ........66cc cece ence cence nee eenee ene e tenes eeeeees Natice: MV COSVSICI UL: «. ane de tins aon onde ednica Daten tele na Wea ¥eAeN ae sn sacnese>-rnngceesceassayaevunwan PAATEOT A ILOK ec SR S sy Si sd ed eee ch oR AEE ONES Oo cincy ealiae alee ps sae cuh aaa Index to Fungous and Lichen Taxa ...............scececssecscerenessececececscsesccscensnsesesesescees REGIE WETS ls ok ee oo ics cn Mae accen’ohd ce at dap Fee bk haw cdc Ohne bate ties cata d coae setae ie aeeies F Publication Datel Volume 62:5) ivcec5 cok aetcahs ew ateic ice os whee io Claes eh dp aloo. 2ais wala caw aialegpeniean meena MYCOTAXON Wolame LXUbppal-8 cn) Salk ones NNN 2 dene MIneAumust1O9TIOn ON PILODERMA BICOLOR AND THE CLOSELY RELATED P. BYSSINUM, P. CROCEUM, AND P. FALLAX MICHAEL J. LARSEN Intermountain Research Station, USDA, Forest Service 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843 JANE E. SMITH and DONARAYE MCKAY Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA, Forest Service 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 ABSTRACT We confirm an earlier conclusion that two species of mycorrhizal fungi, Piloderma bicolor and P. byssinum, are distinct and that the name P. bicolor has been correctly applied in North America. We also conclude that P. fallax is the most appropriate name for what has been called P. bicolor and P. croceum. Descriptioris of the two species are supplemented with line drawings and photomicrographs. INTRODUCTION The genus Piloderma was introduced by Jiilich (1968) to accommodate species originally included in Corticium sect. Byssina Bourd. & Galz. (Bourdot and Galzin, 1928) and typified by Corticium bicolor Peck. Species of Piloderma are reportedly ectomycorrhizal, particularly P. bicolor (Peck) Julich [Corticium bicolor Peck (Peck, 1873)] (Eriksson et al., 1981) and P. byssinum (Karst.) Jiilich [Lyomyces byssinus Karst. (Karsten, 1884)] (Melin, 1936; Mikola, 1962; Vozzo, 1971; Froidevaux, 1975; Froidevaux and Jaquenoud-Steinlin, 1978; Harley and Smith, 1983). The precise application of P. byssinum and P. bicolor was questioned earlier (Eriksson et al., 1981; Larsen, 1983). Larsen (1983) objected to the new name, P. croceum Erikss. et Hjérts., proposed by Eriksson et al. (1981) to replace P. bicolor. Eriksson et al. (1981) concluded that P. bicolor had been applied consistently to a different species in Europe and was, therefore, a nomen rejiciendum. Furthermore, Eriksson et al. (1981) and Rogers and Jackson (1943) concluded that P. bicolor was synonymous with P. byssinum, and noted that P. bicolor had nomenclatural priority. Larsen (1983) concluded that the application of the name P. bicolor in North America was correct and that the species was distinguishable from P. byssinum. These views are also held by Jiilich (1972), Gilbertson (1974), and Jiilich and Stalpers (1980). 2 Stalpers (1984), after studying species of Sporotrichum Link., concluded that P. (Sporotrichum) fallax (Lib.) Stalp. is an earlier name for P. croceum. He (Stalpers) goes on to state that Libert's (1832) description of basidioma color ["primo aureis, tum sulphureis, demum albis" (at first golden yellow, then sulfur yellow, finally dull white - mjl)] excludes a possible synonymy with P. byssinum. Thus, the dispute over the identity of P. byssinum and its relationship to P. bicolor remains. Our purpose here is to present results and conclusions based on the examination of nomenclatural types of the names in question and other specimens with regard to synonymy and criteria for separation of species. Piloderma fallax (syns. P. bicolor, P. croceum) is separated from P. byssinum by shape and size of spores and basidia, presence/absence of cystidioles, and color of cordons and subicula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on microscopical characteristics were obtained from small portions of basidiocarps squash-mounted in 5 percent KOH and stained with 1 percent Phloxine B or cotton blue (Johansen, 1940). Melzer's reagent (Melzer, 1924) was used to detect amyloid or dextrinoid structures. Capital letters used to designate herbaria are those of Holmgren et al. (1990). Color designations are those of Munsell (1929-1942). Photomicrographs were prepared with the aid of an Olympus Vanox-T photomicroscope utilizing Kodak T max 35 mm film. The contrast of Phloxine-B (spectral absorbance ca. 5100-5500 A) stained structures was enhanced by a green filter (wave length emission ca. 5200 A). SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS Piloderma fallax (Lib.) Stalp., Stud. Mycol. 24:53. 1984 = Sporotrichum fallax Lib., Plantae Cryptog. Ardennae; no. 187. 1832. = Corticium bicolor Peck, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:62. 1873 = Athelia bicolor (Peck) Parm., Easti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim., Biol. 16:379. 1967. = Piloderma bicolor (Peck) Jiilich, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 81:417. 1969. = Piloderma croceum Erikss. et Hjorts., Cort. N. Europe 6:1201. 1981. = Corticum croceum Bres., Atti Accad. Sci. Lett. Art. Agiati Rov. 3:112. 1897, non Corticum croceum (Pat.) Sacc., Syll Fung. 11:124 1895 (= Aleurodiscus croceus Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 9:133. 1893). Basidiomata effuse, up to 0.5 mm thick, occurring in small discontinuous patches or continuous, arachnoid to byssoid; hymenial surface smooth, usually distinctly pellicose, dull white to pale cream (near 7.5Y 8/4 TO 2.5Y 8/4); cordons saffron yellow (near 2.5Y 8/10) at first ["....under surface greenish yellow, upper surface white." (Peck, 1873 and see Libert's (1832) comments on color mentioned earlier)], eventually mostly dull cream but with some yellow to pale orange tints; subiculum saffron yellow (near 2.5Y 8/10) at first, fading to dull white with some parts pale dull yellow; margin concolorous with the subiculum, farinaceous to fimbriate. ) O8tO So O Fig. 1. Microscopical characteristics of Piloderma fallax. a: subicular hyphae; b: mature and immature basidia; c: cystidioles; d: basidiospores. Piloderma byssinum. e: subicular hyphae; f: mature and immature basidia; g: basidiospores (scale bar equal 101m). 4 Hyphal system monomitic. Subicular hyphae 2-2.5 (-3) um diam., septate without clamp connections, hyaline, thin-to somewhat thick-walled, often encrusted with variably shaped crystalline material; cordons 15-75 um diam., individual hyphae as in subicular hyphae; subhymenial hyphae 2.5-3.5 um diam., septate without clamp connections, hyaline, thin-walled; sterigmate basidia 12-15 x 3.5-4.5 um, shape variable, sometimes appearing urniform or clavate, usually swollen apically and narrowed abruptly toward the base, septate without clamp connections at the base, hyaline, thin-walled,(2-) 4 (-6) -sterigmate; cystidioles frequent in most specimens, 10-13 x 2.5-3.5 um, hyphoid to subulate, thin-walled, hyaline; basidiospores 2.5-3 (-3.5) x 2.5-3 um, globose to subglobose, hyaline to pale yellow, usually thin-walled but some with thickened walls, faintly to intensely dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent, infrequently cyanophilous. Specimens examined. ALASKA: Kenai Peninsula, south of Moose Pass, Trail Lakes campground, on Betula papyrifera Marsh., H. Burdsall, Jr. 12408, 13 Sept. 1988 (CFMR); Fairbanks, Steese Hwy. near Chaitaika River, under moss and Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P., B. Caldwell, 29 July 1995 (OSC). ARIZONA: Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts., Coronado National Forest on Pinus ponderosa Laws., R.L. Gilbertson 9323, 31 Oct. 1969 (ARIZ; AN 003813). CALIFORNIA: 4 mi. east of Mendocino, on Pseudotsuga menziesii ((Mirb.) Franco, R.L. Gilbertson 13807, 16 Dec. 1984 (ARIZ; AN 003815). COLORADO: 4th of July Camp, Boulder Canyon, R.L. Gilbertson 4998, 21 Aug. 1964 (ARIZ; AN 003804). IDAHO: Kootenai Co., Kaniksu National Forest, north end of Priest Lake, M. Larsen 135931 and 135932, 23 Sept. 1995 (OSC), and J. Smith and D. McKay, T17855, 23 Sept. 1995 (OSC). MICHIGAN: Marquette Co., Huron Mountain Club, on Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., H. Burdsall, Jr. 9272, 28 Aug. 1976 (CFMR). MONTANA: Crane Mt., Mission Range, Flathead National Forest, on conifer wood, R.L. Gilbertson 4517, 29 June 1964 (ARIZ; AN 003799). North Fork Flathead River, on P. ponderosa, R.L. Gilbertson 4886 (ARIZ; AN 003801). NEW MEXICO: Los Alamos Co., Los Alamos, on Populus tremuloides Micht., R.L. Gilbertson 7383, 9 Aug. 1967 (ARIZ; AN 003809). NEW YORK: Karner (Center), on rotten wood, C.H. Peck no. 135 (Type of Corticium bicolor; NY); Warrensburg, on Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., C.H. Peck, Oct. 19 (NY; BPI, US0280466) [listed as P. byssinum in Jiilich (1972)]; Minerva, Essex Co., on conifer wood, H.D. House, 6 Oct. 1931 (NY); Oneida, Madison Co., on fallen pine limbs, H.D. House, 25 Nov. 1918 (NY; BPI, US0280456) [listed as P. byssinum in Jilich (1972)]; Ringwood Preserve, Thompkins Co., hypogeous under Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., J. Trappe 5965, 30. Sept. 1980 (OSC). OREGON: Tillamook Co., Otis, Cascade Head Experimental Forest, among roots of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., J. Trappe 5667, 4 Dec. 1979 (OSC). WASHINGTON: Thurstan Co., Fort Lewis, on decayed P. menziesii, W. Colgan III T17278, 3 Nov. 1993 (OSC); Olympia, Fort Lewis, on decayed P. menziesii, W. Colgan III T17806, Jan. 1995 (OSC); Olympia, Fort Lewis, W. Colgan III T13246, 3 Nov. 1993 (OSC). BELGIUM: In Fagetis ad folia dejecta, truncos et radices herbarum muscorumque, autumno, Plantae Cryptog. Ardennae no. 187 (Type of Sporotrichum fallax; BR). NORWAY: Doure National Park, Sgr-Trgndelag, on Betula sp., K. Hjértstam 13605, 16/17 Aug. 1983 (OSC). SWEDEN: Smaland, Almesakra parish, on litter and decorticated wood of Betula sp., S. Lundell (3026) and G. Haglund, Fungi Exsicatti Suecici 1842 (Type of Piloderma croceum; UPS, BPI); Smaland, Varnamo, Bjors, on Pinus sylvestris L., 2 Nov. 1959, Fungi Suecici 180 (ARIZ; AN 003789). Piloderma byssinum (Karst.) Jiilich, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 81:418. 1968. = Lyomyces byssinus Karst., Medded. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 11:137. 1884. = Tomentella byssina (Karst.) Karst., Bidrag Kaenn. Finl. Nat. Folk 48:420. 1889. = Corticium byssinum (Karst.) Mass., Linn. Soc. Bot. J. 27:133. 1890. = Athelia byssina (Karst.) Parm., Easti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim. 16:380. 1967. Basidiomata effuse, up to 0.4 mm thick, occurring in small patches, loosely attached, arachnoid to byssoid; hymenial surface smooth, arachnoid to pelliculose; fertile area dull white to pale cream (near 2.5Y 8/4); subiculum and cordons white (near 2.5Y 8/4); margin concolorous with the subiculum, farinaceous to fimbriate. Hyphal system monomitic. Subicular hyphae 2.5-3 (-3.5) um diam., septate without clamp connections, hyaline, usually encrusted with crystalline material of various shapes; cordons 15-30 um diam., individual hyphae as in subicular hyphae; subhymenial hyphae 3.5-4 um diam., hyaline, thin-walled, branching frequently; cystidioles not seen; sterigmate basidia 18-25 (-30) x 4-6 um, mostly clavate but often with a narrow stem-like basal part and abruptly expanded apex, some appearing urniform, hyaline, staining in cotton blue, some dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent, 4-sterigmate; basidiospores 3.5-4.5 x (2.5-) 3-3.5 um, ellipsoid to subglobose, thin-walled but some with thickened walls in KOH, usually cyanophilous, faintly dextrinoid in mass in Melzer's reagent after 2-3 hr exposure. Specimens examined. ARIZONA: Mt. Bigelow, Santa Catalina Mts., Coronado Nat1. Forest, on Pinus ponderosa, R.L. Gilbertson 9179, 16 Sept. 1969 (BPI; US0280535). COLORADO: Buckhorn area, Roosevelt Nat'l. Forest, on Pinus murrayana Grev. et Balf. in A. Murr. [= Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. et Balf.) Engelm.] R. Davidson, 3 Oct. (BPI; US0279893). IDAHO: Priest River Experimental Forest, Priest River, M. Larsen 134612, 23 July 1981 (CFMR). MINNESOTA: Lake Itasca State Park, Clearwater Co., on Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, R.L. Gilbertson 9738, 18 Aug. 1970 (BPI; US0299931). OREGON: Benton Co., Woods Creek near Mary's Peak watershed gate, under P. menziesii, J. Trappe and L. Froideveaux, Trappe no. 3599, 17 Jan. 1973 (OSC). FINLAND: Nylandia, Mjol6 (=Isosaari), E. Wainio, Karsten 681, Oct. 1883 (Type of Lyomyces byssinus (H); Tarastia australis, Tammela, Mustiala, in ligno Pinus sylvestris L., P.A. Karsten 680, 29 Oct. 1888 (H), and Syrjd, (Mustiala W), ad Abietem, P.A. Karsten, Nov. 1883. SWEDEN: Smaland, Femsjé, very rotten coniferous wood, S. Lundell 1580, 18 Sept. 1939, Fungi Exsiccati Suecici 1033a (BPI); Smaland, Femsji, Stenekullarna, J. Johnsson and S. Lundell, 6 Oct. 1939, Fungi Exsiccati Suecici 1033b (BPI). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that Piloderma fallax, P. croceum, and P. bicolor represent the same species and is distinguishable from P. byssinum. The principle criteria for the separation of species is provided in Table 1. Table 1. Summary of criteria for separation of Piloderma fallax and P. byssinum P. fallax P. byssinum Basidiospore size 2.5-3 (-8.5) x 2.5-3 um =:3..5-4.5 x (2.5-) 3-3.5 um Basidiospore shape Globose to subglobose _Ellipsoid to subglobose Basidial size 12-15 (-18) x 3.5-4.5 wm (13-) 15-21 (-25) x 4-6 um Cystidioles Usually present, Absent subulate to hyphoid Color of rhizomorphs Saffron yellow when Dull white when and subiculum fresh, frequently fading freshand remaining so upon drying upon drying The pigmentation, or lack thereof, of cordons and subicula appears to be a reliable field character for species recognition, especially for P. fallax. Microscopical characters also appear to be useful, particularly dimensions of basidia which are somewhat larger in P. byssinum. The frequent occurrence of cystidioles in P. bicolor may also be helpful. Basidiospores of both species are similar in shape and dimension and may not be a useful diagnostic aid for most observers. Staining responses of basidiomata to chemotaxonomic reagents (Melzer's reagent or cotton blue) have proven to be unreliable criteria. In both P. fallax (= P. croceum, P. bicolor) and P. byssinum, our observations showed that cyanophilly and responses to Melzer's reagent were inconsistent in the same basidioma or between basidiomata. Our observations are in conflict with some reports in the literature. Eriksson et al.(1981) note that spores are non-cyanophilous and somewhat dextrinoid for P. croceum, while Gilbertson (1974, re Athelia bicolor) and Jiilich (1972, re P. bicolor) report negative responses (non-amyloid and presumably non-dextrinoid) in Melzer's reagent. LITERATURE CITED BOURDOT, H., AND A. GALZIN. 1928. Hyménomycétes de France. Paris. 761 pp. is ERIKSSON, J., K. HJORTSTAM, AND L. RYVARDEN. 1981. The Corticiaceae of north Europe (Phlebia-Sarcodontia) 6:1048-1276. FROIDEVAUX, L. 1975. Identification of some Douglas fir mycorrhizae. Europ. J. Forest Path. 5:212-216. Figs. 2-3. Immature and mature sterigmate basidia of Piloderma fallax (Fig. 2) and P. byssinum (Fig. 3). 8 FROIDEVAUX, L., AND M. JAQUENOUD-STEINLIN. 1978. Les Hyménomycétes résupinés mycorrhiziques dans le bois pourri. Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 56:9-14. HARLEY, J. L., AND S. E. SMITH. 1983. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, London. 483 pp. HOLMGREN, P. K., N. H. HOLMGREN, AND L. C. BARNETT. 1990. Index Herbariorum. Part I. The herbaria of the world. Reg. Veget. 120:1- 693. JOHANSEN, D.A. 1940. Plant microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, London. 523 pp. JULICH, W. 1972. Monographie der Atheliae (Corticiaceae, Basidiomycetes). Wildenowia 7:1-283. JULICH, W., AND J. A. STALPERS. 1980. The resupinate non-poroid Aphyllophorales of the temperate northern hemisphere. Verhand. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Vetensch. Naturk. 74:1-335. KARSTEN, P. A. 1884. Fungi rariores Fennici atque non nulli Sibirici a Dire Edv. Vainio lecti. Meddel. Soc. Fauna F1. Fenn. 11:136-147. LARSEN, M. J. 1983. On Piloderma bicolor in North America and its relationship to Piloderma byssinum. Mycologia 75:1092-1093. LIBERT, M. A. 1832. Plantae Cryptog. Ardennae, no. 187. MELIN, E. 1936. Methoden der experimentellen untersuchungen mykotropher Pflanzen. Handb. Biol. Arbeitsmeth. 11:1015-1108. MELZER, V. 1924. L'ornamentation des spores des Russules. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 40:78-81. MIKOLA, P. 1962. The bright yellow mycorrhiza of raw humus. Proc. Int. Union Forest. Res. Organ., 13th Congress. No. 24-4. 14 pp. MUNSELL COLOR COMPANY. 1929-1942. Munsell Book of Color. Munsell Color Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md. PECK, C.H. 1873. V. Descriptions of new species of fungi. Hymenomycetes. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:41-72. ROGERS, D. P., AND H.S. JACKSON. 1943. Notes on the synonymy of some North American Thelephoraceae and other resupinates. Farlowia 1:263-328 STALPERS, J. A. 1984. A revision of the genus Sporotrichum. Stud. Mycol. 24:1-105. VOZZO, J. A. 1971. Field inoculations with mycorrhizal fungi. Ed., E. Hacskaylo. In, Mycorrhizae: Proc. 1st. North Amer. Conf. Mycorrhizae, April 1969. USDA Forest Service Misc. Publ. 1189. pp. 187-196. MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 9-23 June-August 1997 NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS OF ASCOMYCETES ON STEMS OF EUCALYPTS FROM TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA’ ZI QING YUAN“® and C. MOHAMMED“® 4 Department of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-54, Hobart, Tas.7001, Australia. 8 CSIRO, Forestry and Forest Products, Tasmanian Research Centre, Locked Bag No. 2, PO, Sandy Bay, Tas. 7005, Australia. SUMMARY Five new species of ascomycetes collected on stems of eucalypts in Tasmania are described and illustrated. They are Bertia antennaroidea sp. nov., Cryptodiaporthe curvata sp. nov., Diaporthe fusispora sp. nov., Phomatospora macrospora sp. nov. and Wuestneia campanulata sp. nov... Morphological differences and similarities of these new species are compared with closely related taxa. Coniochaeta pulveracea, Eutypa spinosa, Fenestella media and Karstenula ceanothi are recorded for the first time from Australia. INTRODUCTION In Australia, very little attention has been given to stem fungi, particularly the ascomyceteous fungi on eucalypts. Based on Sankaran et al. (1995), a few ascomyceteous species were recorded on stems of eucalypts, in contrast to a large number of fungi found on leaves. During a survey of fungi associated with stem and branch cankers of eucalypts in Tasmania, several of the ascomycetes collected were found to be undescribed or recorded for the first time in Australia. In the present paper, five of them are presented as new species and four as new records for Australia. Microscopic examination of each specimen was carried out on squash mounts and thin median sections. The material was mounted in Shear’s mounting fluid and lactophenol cotton blue. Fifty mature ascospores were measured for each fungal species, and arithmetic means calculated. The holotypes and other specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute for Horticultural Development, Knoxfield, Australia (VPRI). " Part of'a PhD research project for the senior author in the University of Tasmania 10 DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION Bertia antennaroidea Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 1,204 712, 2780.28 Etymology: refers to the dark subicle of the fungus. Ascomata perithecialia, superficialia, discreta vel dense gregaria, sphaerica, 250-500 um diam, nigra, tuberculosa, nonostiolata, in subiculo insidentia, subiculo e hyphis ramosis, septatis, brunneis ad atrobrunneis composito. Peridium 35-65 jum crassum, cellulis pseudoparenchymatis, brunneis, crassitunicatis, 7-25 um diam compositum. Asci 100-125 x 10-14 um, clavati vel subcylindracei, leptodermi, cum annulis apicalibus refractis, inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 27.5-37.5 x 4.5-7.0 jum, biseriatae vel raro oblique uniseriatae, hyalinae, elongati-ellipsoideae, uni-septatae, rectae vel curvatae, ad septum leviter constrictae, glabrae, e gelatina tenuibus cingulatae. Holotypus in ramulis mortuis Eucalypti ovati Labill., Welcome River, Smithton, Tasmania, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC37a (VPRI 21064) Ascomata perithecioid, superficial, separate to densely gregarious, seated on a subiculum composed of brown to dark brown septate and branched hyphae, black; the outer surface conspicuously marked with coarse warts, without ostioles, spherical, 250-500 um diam. Peridium 35-65 um wide, of dark, large, thick-walled pseudoparenchymatous cells, 7-25 um in diam. Asci 100-125 x 10-14 um, clavate to subcylindrical, short stalked, thin-walled, with a nonamyloid apical ring, 8-spored. Ascospores 27.5-37.5 x 4.5-7.0 (mean 35 x 6.0) jum, biseriate at the upper parts or obliquely monoseriate, hyaline, 1-septate, elongated ellipsoid, straight or curved, slightly constricted at the septum, smooth-walled, surrounded with a thin mucilaginous sheath. On dead stems or decorticated branches of Eucalyptus spp. Specimens examined: Tasmania, Welcome River, Smithton, on E. ovata, 12 Dec. 1995, 2.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC37a (VPRI 21064, Holotype); Florentine Valley, Westfield, on Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell., 13 July 1995, Z.Q. Yuan 39 (VPRI 21065); Jacky Marsh Rd, Poatina, on E. amygdalina Labill., 6 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET34 (VPRI 21066); Woolnorth, on E. globulus Labill., 17 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W11a (VPRI 21067), West Ridgley, on E. nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden, 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W22a (VPRI 21068). This new species can be easily separated from others of Bertia by the unique presence of subicules at bases of ascomata, its asci with apical rings and (VPRI 20830); Fig. 9: Karstenula ceanothi, Vertical section of ascoma (WC66a); Fig.10: Phomatospora macrospora, Ascomata immersed in bark (W11b) (Bar = 120 um for Figs.2 & 4; = 240 um for Fig.9; = 2 mm for Fig.3; = 3 mm for Figs.1 & 10; = 4 mm for Figs.5 & 6; = 5 mm for Fig.7; = 6 mm for Fig.8) 11 Figs.1-2: Bertia antennaroidea. Fig.1. Ascomata on stem (W22a); Fig.2. Vertical section of ascoma with basal hyphal subiculum (Holotype); Fig.3.: Coniochaeta pulveracea. Ascomata on stem; Fig.4: Cryptodiaporthe curvata. Vertical section of ascomata showing peridium (W20); Figs 5-6: Diaporthe fusispora. Fig.5. Ascomata on stem (Holotype), Fig.6 Ascomata on stem(W22d), Fig.7: Eutypa_ spinosa. Ascomata on stem (WCS56); Fig.8: Fenestella media, Ascomata immersed in bark ¢——- b2 ascospores which are always 1-septate, constricted at the septum and surrounded by a thin gelatinous sheath. The presence of hyphal subicules at ascoma base and the gelatinous sheaths surrounding ascospores in B. antennaroidea are features which have not been observed previously in any known species of Bertia (Munk, 1957; Corlett & Krug, 1984; Subramanian & Sekar, 1990; Hsieh et al., 1995; Hyde, 1995), although Krug & Corlett (1988) found a black basal subicule-like crust in B. sinensis Krug & Corlett and geniculate ascospores. Presence of the subicule in B. antennaroidea might suggest affinity to Calyculosphaeria Fitzpatrick. The latter genus, however has small, fusiform, 1- septate ascospores and has been included as a synonym in Mitschkia Otth. (Hawksworth et al., 1995). Only one species in Bertia, B. convolutispora K.D. Hyde, described from submerged wood in streams, has been recorded in Australia (Hyde, 1995). B. antennaroidea has little in common with that species, except for the presence of ascal apical rings. Coniochaeta pulveracea (Ehrh. : Fr.) Munk, Dansk Bot. Ark. 17: 90. 1957 Figs.3, 19 & 31 Ascomata perithecioid, superficial, gregarious, broadly ovate to subglobose, 200-300 um wide, 250-350 pm high, ostiolate, glabrous, with pale brown hyphae at the base. Peridium up to 45 um thick, composed of dark thick- walled pseudoparenchymatous cells. Asci 80-110 x 10-13 tum, cylindrical, obtuse to truncate at apex, 8-spored. Ascospores 10-13 x 7-8 um, ellipsoid to broad ellipsoid, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled, with a longitudinal germ slit. On dead stems of eucalypts. Specimen examined: Tasmania, Ben Ridge, St. Helens, on Eucalyptus delegatensis R. Baker, 5 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET25a (VPRI 20829). The morphology of this fungus on eucalypt is also close to that of C. ligniaria (Grev.) Cooke. The latter differs from C. pulveracea in its perithecia covered with setae and in having slightly large ascospores (fide Munk, 1957; Mahoney & LaFavre, 1981). Several species of the genus Coniochaeta have been recorded previously in Australia (Hawksworth & Yip, 1981). Cryptodiaporthe curvata Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs.4, 17, 18, 32 & 33 Etymology: refers to the curved ascospores. Ascomata immersa, singula vel gregaria in catervatim 2-4, cum stromatico prosenchymatico, criter evoluto et in texto plantae promiscuo. Perithicia sphaerica vel ad basim applanata, 250-350 pum lata, 250-400 pm alta, nigra, ostiolo periphysato. Peridium 40-50 tm crassum, pseudoparenchymaticum, ex cellulis parietibus fuscis, crassitunicatis, 10-20 um diam compositum. Asci 62.5-87.5 x 12.5-17.5 tum, unitunicati, clavati, apice incrassati, cum annulis apicalibus refractis inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 20-35 x 5-7.5 yum, oblique vel irregulariter bs biseriatae, hyalinae. oblong-ellipsoideae vel cylindraceae, demum rotundatae, uni- septatae, ad medium constrictae, inequilaterales, e gelatina tenuibus cingulatae. Holotypus in ramulis mortuis Eucalypti delegatensis, Seed orchard, Ridgley, Tasmania, 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan W20b (VPRI 21069) Ascomata immersed, developing singly or in clusters of two to four within the periderm, appearing on the surface as numerous minute, papillate pustules. Stromatic tissue prosenchymatous, poorly developed, mixed with the host tissue. Perithecia spherical or with flattened bases, 250-350 um wide, 250-400 pm high, black; ostiole lined with periphyses. Peridium 40-50 tum wide, consisting of several layers of dark, thick-walled rounded pseudoparenchymatous cells, 10-20 um diam. Asci 62.5-87.5 x 12.5-17.5 jum, unitunicate, clavate, with a tapering base, with nonamyloid refractive rings at a thickened apex, 8-spored.. Ascospores 20-35 x 5-7.5 uum, obliquely or irregularly biseriate in the ascus, hyaline, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical, rounded ends, with one median septum, slightly constricted at the middle, inequilateral, surrounded by a thin gelatinous sheath. On dead stems of eucalypts. Specimens examined: Tasmania, Seed orchard, Ridgley, on EF. delegatensis, 16 April 1996, Z.Q0. Yuan W20b (VPRI 21069, Holotype); same location and host, 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan W21 (VPRI 21070). Overall none of the previously known species of Cryptodiaporthe fits well with the new species. The scattered and immersed ascomata with poorly developed stromata in C. curvata are similar to those of C. aubertii (West.) Wehmeyer and ascospore size close to that of C. magnispora (Ell. & Ev.) Wehmeyer. However the latter species has even larger, ellipsoid to fusoid non-constricted ascospores (35-40 x 7-9 «um, fide Wehmeyer 1933). The only species closer to the new species in ascospore size and shape is C. salicella (Fr.) Petr., which has ascospores measuring 14.2-27.8 x 4.4-7.7 wm (fide Mathiassen, 1993). Although, as illustrated by Mathiassen (1993), quite a few of the ascospores of C. salicella in type material are oblong-ellipsoid with rounded apices and often slightly bent as in C. curvata, the constriction at the middle of the ascospores appears to be a unique character of the new species. The inequilateral, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical ascospores with narrower middles of C. curvata may suggest affinity with Vialaea Sacc.. However, species of Vialaea have ascomata scattered singly without stromatic tissue and asci with amyloid apical rings. Ascospores of Vialaea are strongly constricted in the middle (propeller-shaped) and the genus was included in the Amphisphaeriaceae by Miiller & Arx (1973). Cannon (1995) re-studied the genus Vialaea and established the family Vialaeaceae to accommodate this genus No species of the genus Cryptodiaporthe has been recorded previously on eucalypts (Sankaran et al., 1995). Recently a species, C. melanocraspeda Bathgate, Barr & Shearer was described on Banksia coccinea R. Br. from western Australia but it has little in common with C. curvata (Bathgate et al., 1996). 14 Diaporthe fusispora Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 5, 6, 15, 16 & 30 Etymology: refers to the fusoid ascospores. Ascomata discreta, laxe immersa in pseudostromate marginali nigrofacto, sphaerica ve] sphaeroidea, 225-300 um lata, 200-250 um alta, collis 600-900 ym altis, basi 100-120 jum et apice 60-80 um diam. Peridium 17-22 um crassum, ex cellulis compressis compositum. Asci 37.5-43 x 7.5-10 jum, clavati, cum annulis apicalibus, refractis inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 10-15 x 3-5 wm, superimposite biseriatae, hyalinae, fusoideae vel raro elliptic-fusoideae, rectae vel leviter curvatae, 1-septatae, ad septum constrictae, cum appendicibus 1-1.5 pm longis, setaceis, delicatis in quoque extremo ascosporae, 4-guttulatae. Holotypus in ramulis Eucalypti globulus, West Ridgley, Tasmania, 16 April 1996, 2.0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W15 (VPRI 21071) Ascomata separate or loosely clustered, immersed beneath a dorsal zone along a blackened bark surface, globose or subglobose, 225-300 um wide, 200-250 uum high; beak protruding through bark, 600-900 ym high and 100-120 um diam at base, 60-80 tum at apex. Peridium 17-22 tum wide, composed of several layers of compressed cells. Asci 37.5-43 x 7.5-10 jum, clavate, with nonamyloid refractive apical rings, 8-spored. Ascospores 10-15 x 3-5 (mean = 12 x 4.2) um, overlapping biseriate, hyaline, fusoid, sometimes elliptic-fusoid, straight or slightly curved, with 1 median septum, constricted at the septum, bearing a delicate setose appendage at each end, 1-1.5 tum long; 4-guttulate. On stems of eucalypts. Specimens examined: Tasmania, West Ridgley, on E. globulus, 16 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W15 (VPRI 21071, Holotype); same location and host, 16 April 1996, Z.Q0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W17 (VPRI 21072); same location, on E. nitens, 16 April 1996, 2.0. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W22d (VPRI 21073); Porter Bridge Rd, Deloraine, on E. pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC66b (VPRI 21074). The ascoma habit and size of ascospores, as well as the presence of the delicate ascospore appendages in this fungus are similar to those of D. eucalypticola K.M. Old & Z.Q. Yuan described on eucalypt in Australia (Yuan et al., 1995). However, the ascospores of D. eucalypticola are elongate-ellipsoid to cylindrical and Figs. 11-12: Bertia antennaroidea (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig. 13: Karstenula ceanothi (ascospores); Fig. 14: Fenestella media (ascospore), Figs.15-16: Diaporthe fusispora (asci and ascospores) (Holotype), Figs.17-18: Cryptodiaporthe curvata (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig. 19: Coniochaeta pulveracea (ascospore), Figs. 20-21: Eutypa spinosa (asci and ascospores), Figs.22-23: Phomatospora macrospora (ascospores and ascus) (Holotype) and Figs.24-26: Wuestneia campanulata (ascospores, ascus apex and ascus) (Holotype) (Bar = 5 um for Fig.21; =10 um for Figs.19 & 25; = 20 um for Figs. 11, 13-18, 20,24 & 26; = 25 uum for Fig.23; = 30 um for Fig.12 and = 40 um for Fig.22) 16 not constricted at the septum, while those of D. fusispora are fusoid in shape and constricted at the septum. D. medusaea Nit. (syn. D. eucalypti Harkn.), another species previously recorded on eucalypts, has ascospores which are similar to those of the new species in shape. However D. medusaea differs in its collectively erumpent ascomata and lack of appendages on the ascospores. In addition, its ascospores are narrower (2.5-3.5 jum wide, fide Wehmeyer 1933). Eutypa spinosa (Pers.: Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul., Sel. Carp. Fung. 2: 59. 1863 Figs. 7, 20 & 21 Stroma long and effused, up to 130 mm long and 10 mm wide, brown to dark brown, punctulate. Perithecia immersed in stromata in a single layer with ostiolar necks separately erumpent (eutypoid); ostioles conical, 3-5 sulcate (mostly 3). Asci unitunicate, cylindrically clavate or spindle-shaped, long-stipitate, with visible amyloid apical rings, 8-spored, 25-35 x 4-6 um (p. sp.); pedicels 30-80 pm long. Ascospores 1-celled, allantoid or suballantoid, pale brown, 6-8 x 1.8-2.5 pum. On stems of eucalypt. Specimen examined: Tasmania, Mawbanna Rd, Mawbanna, on E. obliqua L’Her., 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC56 (VPRI 21075). Four species of Eutypa have been previously recorded in Australia, of which E. lata (Pers.: Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. and E. armeniacae Hansf. M.V. Carter were reported from Tasmania; E. lata on the wood and bark of unnamed plants and E. armeniacae on Prunus armeniaca L. (Cooke, 1892; Sampson & Walker, 1982). However, E. armeniacae is considered to be conspecific with E. lata by Rappaz (1987). Based on Rappaz (1987), the present fungus on eucalypts easily fits the morphological description for E. spinosa. This is the first record of this species from Australia. Fenestella media Tulasne & C. Tulasne, Sel. Carp. Fung. 2: 207. 1863 Figs. 8, 14 & 36 Ascomata immersed in valsoid groups 1-2 mm wide or in elongated rows 3-4 mm long, 300-500 tum diam. Peridium brown, 30-50 jum thick, of brown, thick- walled pseudoparenchymatous cells 10-12 um in diam. Asci 100-125 x 18-22.5 um, clavate, 8-spored. Ascospores irregularly biseriate, 27-40(-52.5) x 10-18 (mean 36.2 x 13.0) um, yellowish brown to dark brown, end cells pale, ellipsoid-fusoid, ends somewhat acute, 5-13 septa, 3-5 longitudinal septa, constricted at first-formed septum, wall dark, smooth. On stems of Eucalyptus spp. Specimens examined: Tasmania, Ben Ridge, St. Helens, on Eucalyptus delegatensis, 5 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET25b (VPRI 20830); Porter Bridge Rd, Deloraine, on E. pauciflora, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC66c (VPRI 20831). 17 The fungus fits F. media well morphologically, except that the ascospores of F. media occasionally bear oblong terminal appendages (Barr, 1990). This species has been found on branches of many hardwood species in the north temperate zone and has not been previously recorded in Australia on eucalypts. Karstenula ceanothi (Dearness & House ) Barr, North American Flora 13: 49. 1990 Figs. 9,13 & 29 Ascomata gregarious or scattered, immersed in a thin blackened clypeus, spheroid, 300-500 um wide, 200-300 high, with a short papillate apex. Peridium 25- 35 ym wide, brown, of dark thick-walled elongated cells at outer part and hyaline compressed cells at inner part. Asci 100-130 x 10-12 jum, cylindrical, 8-spored. Ascospores 17.5-22.0 x 7.5-10 jum, uniseriate, brown to dark brown, with end cells slightly paler, ellipsoidal to fusoid, with obtuse ends, symmetric, 3-septate, constricted at the first-formed septum, with a longitudinal septum in mid cells, often with one additional longitudinal or oblique septum at one or both end cells; wall smooth. On dead stems of eucalypts. Specimens examined: Tasmania, Wayatinah Rd, Tarraleah, on Eucalyptus sp., 6 Dec. 1995, Z.Q0. Yuan & M. Hall ET55 (VPRI 21076); Porter Bridge Rd, Deloraine, on E. pauciflora, 12 Dec. 1995, Z.Q. Yuan & M. Hall WC66a (VPRI 21077); West Ridgley on E. nitens, 16 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W22b (VPRI 21078). Almost all morphological features and measurements of ascomata, asci and ascospores in these collections on eucalypts conform to the description of K. ceanothi (Dearness & House ) Barr, except that the blackened clypeus was observed only when the ascomata were immersed in groups. K. ceanothi is known only from North America (Barr, 1990) and this is the first record in Australia on Eucalyptus spp. Phomatospora macrospora Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 10, 22, 23, 34 & 35 Etymology: refers to the large ascospores. Ascomata perithecialia, discreta, alte immersa, sphaeroidea vel plus minus triangula, 300-500 ym lata, 250-400 pm alta. Peridium 9-12 um crassum, e cellulis pseudoparenchymatis, compressis, brunneolis vel brunneis, leptodermis compositum. Asci 162-213 x 12.5-15.5 pm, cylindracei, leptodermi, cum annulis apicalibus, refractis inamyloideis, octospori. Ascosporae 30-47.5 x 8.8-12.5 um, irregulariter vel oblique uniseriatae, elliptic-cylindraceae vel fusoid-cylindraceae, aseptatae, hyalinae, 1-2 guttulatae. Holotypus in ramulis Eucalypti delegatensis, Seed orchard, Ridgley, Tasmania 16 April 1996, Z.0. Yuan W20a (VPRI 21079) Ascomata perithecioid, scattered, deeply immersed, with a minute tip of the perithecial apex protruding through the surface of the host tissue, without stromatic tissue, spheroid to more or less triangular, 300-500 um wide, 250-400 um 18 high. Peridium thin, 9-12 jum wide, composed of few layers of thin-walled, compressed pseudoparenchymatous cells, light brown to brown externally. Asci 162-213 x 12.5-15.5 pm, cylindrical, thin-walled, short-stalked, with a small apical nonamyloid ring, 8-spored. Ascospores 30-47.5 x 8.8-12.5 (mean 39.0 x 10.5) um, regularly or obliquely uniseriate, elliptic-cylindric to fusoid-cylindric, aseptate, hyaline, with one or two conspicuous oil drops at the centre or ends, granular, thin- walled, smooth. On stems of eucalypts. Specimens examined: Tasmania, Seed orchard, Ridgley, on E. delegatensis, 16 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan W20a (VPRI 21079, Holotype); Woolnorth, on E. globulus, 17 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W11b (VPRI 21080). The genus Phomatospora Sacc. is characterised by having nonstromatic, thin-walled and noncarbonaceous perithecia which are immersed in host tissue and possess an apical ostiole with periphyses. Asci are unitunicate and formed in a basal layer. There is a faint refractive (nonamyloid) ring in the apex of an ascus. Most species of Phomatospora are found on herbaceous stems and grass culms. (von Arx & Miiller, 1954; Barr, 1970; Wehmeyer, 1975; Rappaz, 1992) and only P. dinemasporium J. Webster, a common species found on many grass culms (Webster, 1955), has been recorded on the wood of Eucalyptus viminalis in Argentina (Romero, 1983; Sankaran et al., 1995). The new species differs from all the known species in the genus by its large ascospores, hence the specific epithet. Species of Phomatospora have ascospores generally less than 25 jum long, while the present fungus on eucalypts has ascospores measuring 30-47.5 x 8.8-12.5 um. Only one species, P. punctulata Hino & Katumoto has comparably sized ascospores which measure 23-35 x 6.5-8 (mean 28.9 x 7.2) um but they are contained in shorter asci (fide Kobayashi, 1970). The woody habit of the perithecia and the relatively large, one-celled, cylindrical and nonpigmented ascospores of the new species may suggest affinities with Cryptospora Tulasne. However, species of Cryptospora have perithecia embedded in stromatic tissue in circular groups with long ostiolar necks collectively erumpent, shorter asci with deliquescent bases, and the ascospores are subcylindrical, curved and mainly longer than 50 um (Miller & von Arx, 1973; Dennis, 1981). Figs.27-28: Bertia antennaroidea (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig.29: Karstenula ceanothi (ascospores), Fig.30: Diaporthe fusispora (asci and ascospores) (Holotype); Fig.31: Coniochaeta pulveracea_ (ascospore); Figs.32-33: Cryptodiaporthe curvata (asci and ascospores) (Holotype), Figs.34-35: Phomatospora macrospora (ascospores and ascus) (Holotype); Fig.36: Fenestella media (ascospore), Figs.37-40: Wuestneia campanulata (ascus apex, ascus and ascospores) (Holotype) (Bar = 20 um for Figs.29-31 & 36-18; = 30 ym for Figs. 17,18,33 & 34; = 35 um for Figs.39 & 40; = 40 um for Fig.32) < 2S _ 20 Wuestneia campanulata Z.Q. Yuan sp. nov. Figs. 24-26 & 37-40 Etymology: refers to the shape of the ascal apical apparatus. Ascomata perithecialia, singula vel 2-5 aggregata, immersa, rostro peritheciali erumpenti, 15 mm diam, disco ectostromatico furfuraceo brunneo vel fulvo. Perithecia sphaerica vel subsphaerica, 350-550 tum diam, atrobrunnea, rostro perithecii cylindraceo vel subcylindraceo, 350 wm longo, basi 80 um crasso. Peridium 15-20 wm crassum, pseudoparenchymaticum, ex cellulis parietibus atrobrunneis, 4-8 tum diam compositum. Asci 100-150 x 12.5-17.5 yum, unitunicati, cylindracei vel subcylindracei, apice rotundati, cum apparatibus 3.5-5.0 x 4-5 ym, apicalibus, campanulatis, distinguentibus, inamyloideis, octospori (raro 4-spori). Ascosporae 17.5-27.5 x 6.5-10 tum, oblique vel irregulariter uniseriatae, hyalinae, elliptic-fusoideae vel obovoideae, ad apicem acutulae, aseptatae, parietibus crassis, laeves, granulatae. Holotypus in ramulis Eucalypti pauciflora, Pine Tree Rivulet, Tasmania 6 Dec. 1995, Z.Q. Yuan & M. Hall ET44a (VPRI 21081) Ascomata perithecial, single or in groups of 2-5, immersed, with emergent perithecial necks, appearing on the host surface as prominent oval pustules, up to 1.5 mm diam, ectostromatic disc furfuraceous brown to yellow-brown. Perithecia dark brown, spherical or subspherical, 350-550 um diam. Perithecial neck cylindrical to subcylindrical, up to 80 tum wide at base and 350 um long. Peridium 15-20 um wide, composed of several layers of dark brown pseudoparenchymatous cells, 4-8 ym diam. Asci 100-150 x 12.5-17.5 (mean = 132 x 15) pum, unitunicate, cylindrical to sub-cylindrical, rounded at apex, with a distinct, campanulate, apical apparatus; 3.5- 5.0 fm wide, 4-5 um high, not blueing in iodine, 8-spored (rarely 4-spored). Ascospores 17.5-27.5 x 6.5-10 (mean = 22 x 8) pum, obliquely or irregularly uniseriate, hyaline, elliptic-fusoid to obovoid with one end somewhat acute, aseptate, thick-walled, smooth, granular. On stems of eucalypts. Specimens examined: Tasmania, Pine Tree Rivulet on Eucalyptus pauciflora, 6 Dec. 1995, 2.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET44a (VPRI 21081, holotype); Black Jack’s Hill, Little Swanport, on E. amygdalina, 5 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET8&b (VPRI 21082); Pine Tree Rivulet, on Eucalyptus sp, 6 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall ET43a (VPRI 21083); Fingerpost, Waratah, on E. nitens, 11 Dec. 1995, Z.0. Yuan & M. Hall WC27 (VPRI 21084); Welcome River, Montagu, on E. ovata, 11 Dec. 1995, Z.Q. Yuan & M. Hall WC37b (VPRI 21085); Saggers Hill on EF. nitens (?),13 Dec. 1995, Z.O. Yuan & M. Hall WC64 (VPRI 21086); Woolnorth, on E. globulus, 17 April 1996, Z.Q. Yuan, C. Mohammed & D. de Little W10 (VPRI 21087). Two species of the genus Wuestneia, W. eucalyptorum Crous, Wingfield & Nag Raj and W. epispora Z. Q. Yuan have been previously recorded on eucalypts (Crous et al., 1993; Yuan & Mohammed, 1996). Compared with W. epispora, also found in Tasmania, W. campanulata is morphologically different from the former. Pa The asci of W. epispora are clavate, much larger (100-188 x 13-33 yum), and there is no apical apparatus observed at apex of those asci, while the asci of W. campanulata are smaller, cylindrical to subcylindrical, with ascospores monostichously arranged, and characteristically with a distinct, campanulate, ‘annellascé’ apical apparatus (sensu Chadefaud, 1942) (Figs. 25, 37-39). The ascospores of W. campanulata are also smaller than those of W. epispora and elliptic-fusoid to obovoid, without any gelatinous sheath surrounding them. In addition, the perithecium diameter of W. campanulata, a main criterion used by Reid & Booth (1989) to separate species of Wuestneia, is larger (up to 550 um and mostly 500 um) than that of W. epispora. Apart from the above morphological differences, W. epispora appears commonly associated with lower crown death in plantation eucalypts, whilst W. campanulata was more often found in native forests. W. eucalyptorum differs from W. campanulata in its absence of apical ascus apparatus and shape of ellipsoidal ascospores, as well as the phyllodiicolous habit (Crous et al, 1993). In the key to species of Wuestneia provided by Reid & Booth (1989) W. campanulata keys out to W. beltsvillensis (Petrak) J. Reid & C. Booth. However, the latter can be easily separated from W. campanulata by (i) smaller perithecia (200-425 jum diam.) that are always in groups (4-15) with thicker peridium (up to 40 yum); (i7) an ascal apical apparatus which is only visible when mounted in water (while that of W. campanulata is always visible in both water and other mounting media, eg. in glycerol); (iii) shorter but wider (70-140 x 12-22.5 um) asci and (iv) slightly smaller ascospores which are more fusiform in shape with a thin mucilaginous sheath when mounted in water. In addition, W. beltsvillensis seems to be restricted to Liquidambar L., a genus of the Hamamelidaceae (Reid & Booth, 1989). The ascal apical apparatus observed in many species of Wuestneia has been described as two refractive bodies (Barr, 1978, Ananthapadmanaban, 1988; Reid & Booth, 1989), but has not been previously observed in detail. Based on Parguey- Leduc et al. (1994), the apical apparatus in the asci of W. campanulata matches Chadefaud’s “annellascé” type being composed of two parts: an upper ring and a lower ring as illustrated in Figs. 25, 37 and 38. The upper ring is composed of several rings and is superimposed on a lower single bowl-shaped ring. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are much obliged to Dr. M.E. Barr (Sidney, BC, Canada) for reviewing the manuscript. The senior author wishes to thank the University of Tasmania and CSIRO, Forestry and Forest Products for scholarship, and North Forest Products for partial financial assistance. REFERENCES Ananthapadmanaban, D. (1988). On the genus Wuestneia. Transactions of British mycological Society 91: 517-521. Arx, J.A. von and Miller, E. (1954). Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten. Bertrdge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz 11: 1-434. 22 Barr, E.M. (1970). Some amerosporous ascomycetes on Ericaceae and Empetraceae. Mycologia 62: 377-394. Barr, M.E. (1978). 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Harknessia species occurring in South Africa. Mycologia 85: 108-118. Dennis, R.W.G. (1981). ‘British Ascomycetes.’(second impr., with suppl.) J. Cramer, Vaduz. 585 + 40pp. Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C. and Pegler, D.N. (1995). Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi (8th ed.). CAB International, Egham, Surrey. England. Hawksworth, D.L. and Yip, H.Y. (1981). Coniochaeta angustispora sp. nov. from roots in Australia, with a key to the species known in culture. Australian Journal of Botany 29: 377-384. Hsieh, W.H, Chen, C.Y. and Sivanesan, A. (1995). Taiwan fungi: new species and new records of ascomycetes. Mycological Research 99: 917-931. Hyde, K.D. (1995). Tropical Australian freshwater fungi 8. Bertia convolutispora sp. nov. Nova Hedwigia 61: 141-146. Kobayashi, T. (1970). Taxonomic studies of Japanese Diaporthaceae with special reference to their life histories. Bull. Government Forest Research Experimental Sta. 226: 1-242. Krug, J.C. and Corlett, M. (1988). A new species of Bertia from China. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: 1256-1258. Mahoney, D.P. and LaFavre, J.S. (1981). Coniochaeta extramundana, with a synopsis of other Coniochaeta species. Mycologia 73: 931-952. Mathiassen, G. (1993). Corticolous and lignicolous pyrenomycetes s. _ lat. (Ascomycetes) on Salix along a mid-Scandinavian transect. Sommerfeltia 20: 1- 180. Miller, E. and Arx, J.A. von (1973). Pyrenomycetes: Meliolales, Coronophorales, Sphaeriales. In ‘The fungi.’ (Vol. 4) (Eds. H.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow & A.S. Sussman) pp. 87-132. Academic Press, New York. Munk, A. (1957). Danish pyrenomycetes. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 17: 1-491. 23 Parguey-Leduc, A., Janex-Favre, M.-C., Letrouit-Galinou, M.-A. and Bellemére, A. (1994). M. Chadefaud and ascomycete systematics. In ‘Ascomycete Systematics: Problems and Perspectives in the Nineties’. (Ed. D.L. Hawksworth) pp. 37-41. Plenum Press, New York. Rappaz, F. (1987). Taxonomie et nomenclature des Diatrypacées a asques octospores (1). Mycologia Helvetica 2: 285-648. Rappaz, F. (1992). Phomatospora berkeleyi, P. arenaria and their Sporothrix anamorphs. Mycotaxon 45: 323-330. Reid, J., & Booth, C. (1989). On Cryptosporella and Weustneia. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 879-908 Romero, A.I. (1983). Contribicion al estudio de los hongos xilofilos de la Argentina. I. Deuteromycotina en Eucalyptus viminalis (Myrtaceae). Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 22 : 57-79. Sampson, P.J. and Walker, J. (1982). “An annotated list of plant diseases in Tasmania’. Department of Agriculture Tasmania, Hobart. 121 pp. Sankaran, K.V., Sutton, B.C. and Minter, D.W. (1995). A checklist of fungi recorded on Eucalyptus. Mycological Papers 170: 1-376. Subramanian, C.V. and Sekar, G. (1990). Coronophorates from India - A monograph. Kavaka 18: 19-90. Webster, J. (1955). Graminicolous Pyrenomycetes. V. Conidial states of Leptosphaeria michoti, L. microscopica, Pleospora vagans and the perfect state of Dinemasporium graminum. Transactions of British mycological Society 38: 347-365. Wehmeyer, L.E. (1933). The genus Diaporthe Nitschke and its segregates. Univ. Michigan Stud. Sci. Ser. 9: 1-349. Wehmeyer, L.E. (1975). The pyrenomycetous fungi. Mycologia Memoir 6: 1-250. Yuan, Z.Q. and Mohammed, C. (1996). Wuestneia epispora sp. nov. on stems of eucalypts from Australia. Mycological Research (in press) Yuan, Z.Q., Old, K.M. and Dudzinski, M.J. (1995). A new species of Diaporthe isolated from stem wounds of eucalypts in Australia. Mycotaxon 55: 507-514. i ; ah a han 7 - . r i { : q A f r bid Le > ral y why we eu bs aT " t ae ’ NE i “Se 7 by ve ay ag a ae ‘ an , : Pi A ' 45 it N a) ath , 4 x4 r,. i iD F i ‘ ; hee ’ wh t Y i 7 ¥ » : + { fe Te ‘ 1] al i na j 4 ay ' ‘ae ‘ ‘ w ee a. Wii's F hy as aa MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 25-35 June-August 1997 HYGROPHORACEAE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA N.L. BOUGHER * and A.M. YOUNG ** * CSIRO Forestry & Forest Products, Private Bag, P.O. Wembley, Western Australia 6014. ** Department of Botany, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ABSTRACT Four species of Hygrophoraceae are described from south-west Western Australia. Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer var. conica f. conica, and Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.: Fr.) Kummer var. miniata are widely distributed throughout the world, whereas Hygrocybe polychroma and Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea are previously undescribed and may be endemic to Australia. INTRODUCTION A large diversity of Hygrophoraceae occurs in eastern Australia (Mills & Monks, 1993; Young, 1996) and in New Zealand (Horak, 1990). However only four species of Hygrophoraceae have been previously reported in Western Australia (Hilton, 1982; 1988). These are Hygrocybe coccinea (Fr.) Kummer which is probably Hygrocybe kandora Grgurin. & A.M. Young nom. prov. (Young, 1996), Hygrocybe conica (Fr.) Kummer, Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.: Fr.) Murrill and Hygrophorus laetus (Fr.) Fr. The Hygrophoraceae typically produce small to medium-sized brightly coloured basidiomes with thick, waxy lamellae. The number of accepted genera varies according to various authors: e.g. Hygrophorus Fr. is used in a very narrow sense, or to encompass Bertrandia Heim, Camarophyllus (Fr.) Kummer, Gliophorus Herink, Hygrocybe (Fr.) Kummer, Hygrotrama Singer, Neohygrocybe Herink and others as sections or subgenera. In this paper we place all four of the species in Hygrocybe, and follow the precedent set by the structure of Arnolds (1990) which reduced Giliophorus to synonomy with Hygrocybe. In this study we provide descriptions of recently collected H. conica, H. miniata, and two new species - Hygrocybe polychroma and Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea. All are from the high rainfall zone of south-west Western Australia. Colour illustrations of the fungi described in this paper are published in Bougher and Syme (1997). METHODS Basidiomes collected from the field were described, and then air-dried for later examination. Dried material was hydrated and examined in 3% KOH and Melzer's reagent. Microscopic characters were drawn with an Olympus drawing tube system. All spore measurements include the hilar appendix. Colour codes quoted are from Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Specimens designated as E numbers are held at the CSIRO Division of Forestry, Perth, Western Australia. 26 DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer, Fuhr. Pilzk. 111 (1871). var. conicaf. conica Basionym: Agaricus conicus Schaeff. , Fungi Bavariae 4: 2 (1774); non. A. conicus Scop., (1772). Agaricus conicus Schaeff.: Fr., Systema mycol. 1: 103 (1821). Hygrophorus conicus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Fr., Epicr. ; 331 (1838). Godtfrinia conica (Schaeff.: Fr.) Maire, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 18 (suppl.): p. 117 (1902). Agaricus tristis Pers., Observ. mycol. 2: 49 (1796). Hygrophorus tristis (Pers.) Bres., Iconogr. mycol. 7: 349 (1928). Hygrocybe tristis (Pers.) F. Maller, Fungi Faeroes 1: 140 (1945). Hygrocybe pseudoconica J. Lange, Dansk. Bot. Ark. 4: 24 (1923). Hygrocybe conica f. pseudoconica (J. Lange) Arnolds, Persoonia 12: 476 (1985). Hygrocybe riparia Kriesil, Westf. Pilzbr. 2: 111 (1960). Misapplied name: Hygrophorus nigrescens sensu auct. non. Quél., Hygrocybe nigrescens sensu auct. Figs. 1, 2. Pileus 5-25 mm broad, sharply conic at first, then broadening but always remaining conic or conico-campanulate, margin slightly incurved at first, then plane or decurved, sometimes translucent-striate and coarsely crenate or lobed when mature. Orange (8B8-9B8), red then yellow tinged, becoming yellowish at the margin and black at the centre with age and upon handling. Surface moist/greasy, on drying revealing radially arranged, long, innate and appressed fibrils which blacken when bruised. _Lamellae adnexed to emarginate, up to 4 mm deep, close spacing, lamellulae present (e.g. L:16, 1:15), also some bifurcations. With a pinkish flush near to the pileus - otherwise pale yellow (4A4) not changing greatly with age. Edge concolorous with face and smooth, entire and undulating with age. Lamellae may sometimes bruise black. Stipe 40-60 x 3-5 mm, tall, cylindrical or very slightly tapering upwards, often twisted. Hollow, dry, longitudinally fibrillose and striate, fibrils blackening upon handling. Apex with or without red flush (6A7), central region pale yellow (2A4), white at the base. Flesh pale yellow, darkening when cut, thin in the pileus. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white. Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, with one oil bubble or granular contents, not amyloid, (8) 8.5-11 x 5.5-7 um, mean 10.1 x 6.2 um (n = 55). Ellipsoid to obovoid (broadest at apex) in face view and in profile, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 30-50 x 7-11 ym, clavate to ventricose, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata very long (up to 15 ym), 1- or 2-spored, no clamp connection at base. Cheilocystidia, Pleurocystidia, and Caulocystidia none seen. Hymenophoral trama parallel, with long tubuliform hyphae 5-15 um broad, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, aseptate, tapered at the ends. Some oleiferous hyphae with golden contents present in the central strand. Subhymenium not differentiated, no clamp connections. Pileipellis a cutis of thin-walled hyphae (8-25 yum broad), hyaline or some of the narrower hyphae with blotchy or oily brown contents and uneven walls. Outermost hyphae sometimes compressed and coagulated together. End-cells not differentiated. Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Habitat and distribution in Australia On ground in soil, grass, lawns or litter, solitary or in small groups. Australian forms of this species are known from Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland. Pd) Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, William Bay National Park, in sand along track, near Agonis flexuosa & Hibbertia cuneiformis, 31 May 1993, coll. A. & K. Syme KS 661/93 (PERTH 04259602). Other collections examined Western Australia, Bibra Lakes, Perth, in soil, 23 June, 1971, coll. Young 93 (PERTH 759295 = UWA 1435). Western Australia, Adams Road Reserve, Dalkeith , Perth, in soil, 6 and 9 June 1973, coll. F. Morris & R. Hilton s.n. (PERTH 763624 = UWA1663, and PERTH 764078 = UWA1683). General notes Hygrocybe conica is easily recognised by its conical, brightly coloured yellow-orange to red-orange caps which eventually blacken with age and when handled. The cap of W.A. specimens is moist/greasy, then finely fibrillose when drying out. The lamellae are pale yellow and also blacken. The W.A. specimens relate to H. conica variety conica form conica, characterised by 2-spored basidia without basal clamp connections. The predominantly 4- spored form pseudoconica which has larger bright red caps also occurs in Australia. Hygrocybe nigrescens (Quél.) Kuhn. is very similar and now considered inseparable from H. conica by some authors (e.g. Arnolds, 1990). H. conicavar. tierneyi A.M. Young nom. prov. also occurs in Australia. It differs from var. conica by having a viscid cap and only the stem blackens (Young, 1996). In Australia, H. conica may be confused with the similar appearing Hygrocybe astatogala (Heim ex Heim) Heinemann (synonymous with Bertrandia astatogala Heim ex Heim), which can be distinguished by its sometimes distinctly greenish young colours, and by often exuding a clear fluid when cut (Horak, 1990). Microscopically it differs by having cystidia on the edge of the lamellae, and broad (almost globose) spores often with dark contents. H. astatogala has not been reported for Western Australia but occurs widely in eastern Australia. Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.: Fr.) Kummer, Fuhr. Pilzk. 112 (1871). var. miniata Basionym: Agaricus miniatus Fr.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 105 (1821). Hygrophorus miniatus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr., Epicr.: 33 (1838). Hygrophorus strangulatus P.D. Orton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 43: 266 (1960). Hygrocybe strangulata (P.D. Orton) Svrcek, Ceska Mykol. 16: 167 (1962). Figs. 3-5. Pileus up to 45 mm broad, convex with incurved margin, expanding to flat with an unevenly crenulate or wavy margin, not translucent-striate. Entirely bright red (11B8-11C8 but more saturated colour), becoming paler as drying out with age. Surface moist but not sticky under damp conditions, drying innately velutinous (see under lens), otherwise smooth. Lameliae adnate, up to 7 mm deep, waxy, close or subdistant spacing, with two tiers of lamellulae (e.g. L = 10; | = 33), pale yellow near the pileus (6A4), with pinkish tinge near gill edge (10B6), edge smooth and entire. Stipe up to 60 x 7 mm, cylindrical or widest at apex, hollow at least at the apex, sometimes with longitudinal grooves or lines, same colour as the pileus except pale yellowish at the base, dry, smooth. Flesh pinkish in the pileus, yellowish in the stipe, not bruising. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white. Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, often with one large oil bubble, not amyloid, 8.5-11.5 (12) x 5-6.5 (7) um, mean 9.9 x 5.8 um (n = 55). Ellipsoid or some subcylindric in face view, ellipsoid in profile, suprahilar region not constricted, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 45-65 x 6-10 ym, slender cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata up to 10 um long, 4-spored, clamp connection at base. Cheilocystidia and Pleurocystidia none seen. Caulocystidia similar to the end-cells of 28 the pileipellis (see below) - cylindrical, clavate, fusoid, hyaline, turning outwards from the non- gelatinised Stipitipellis (cutis), clamp connections present. Hymenophoral trama slightly interwoven , hyaline hyphae (2-12 ym broad), with clamp connections. Subhymenium not differentiated. Pileipellis a trichoderm comprised of thin- and smooth-walled hyphae, with constricted septa and clamp connections. Not gelatinised. End-cells 40-125 x 8-15 um, overlapping and erect, cylindrical, slender-clavate, fusoid. Pigment contained in pileus trama and pellis elements golden yellow in KOH and in water, rapidly dissolving. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habitat and distribution in Australia On ground in litter, grass, among moss, less often on rotting wood, in small groups or large numbers. Throughout south-west Australia, and common in eastern Australia. Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, William Bay National Park, south east of Lake Williams, in litter under Agonis flexuosa & Oxylobium sp., 2 August 1993, coll. K. Syme & B. Hammersley KS 68893 (PERTH 04259653). Other collections examined Western Australia, Valley of the Giants, Walpole-Nornalup area, in litter, 7 Sept. 1981, coll. O. Miller OKM 19498 (PERTH 914045 = UWA 2795 lodged as H. cantharellus, only transparency - specimens not available). General notes Hygrocybe miniata has small fruit bodies which are bright red then fading to orange-yellow and becoming minutely scaly especially near the centre of the cap as drying out. It is distinguished from other vivid red members of the genus by having convex, non-viscid pilei which may develop minute scales when mature, and a pileipellis composed of more or less perpendicular hyphae (trichoderm). The name H. miniata represents a group of very similar fungi variously considered as varieties and/or species, but most of them cannot easily be distinguished (Arnolds, 1990). The species or variety mollis, which has not been recorded in Australia, is one of the easier taxa to distinguish as it has orange-yellow pilei. Western and eastern Australian collections of H. miniata have a spore range that is slightly larger than that of European collections - (5.5) 6-9 (11) x 4-6 (6.5) um (Arnolds, 1990). Despite the larger spores, Australian collections appear to satisfy all other characters of the European species and are therefore retained as H. miniata. Figs. 1, 2. Hygrocybe conica KS661/93: 1. basidiospores (2000 X). 2. basidia (1000 X). Figs. 3 - 5. Hygrocybe miniata KS 688/93: 3. basidia (1000 X). 4. terminal elements in the pileipellis (1000 X). 5. basidiospores (2000 X). 30 Hygrocybe polychroma Bougher & A.M. Young, sp. nov. Figs. 6-8, 12. Pileus 14-58 mm latus, aureus vel coccineus, glaber, viscidus, convexus habens margines incurvato denique applanatus habens margines recurvo, undulato, translucido-striato. Lamellae adnexae, confertae, ceraceae, aureae vel coccinea, margines concolori. Stipes 25-85 x 3-8 mm, cylindrici vel fusiformes vel complanati, glabrati, fistulosi, super coccineus, infra aureo habens basem albidum. Sporae 8-10.5 x 4-5 (5.5) um, ellipsoideae, hyalinae, inamyloideae. Basidia 32- 40 x 7-10 um, (2) 4- spora, fibulata. Cheilocystidia nulla. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia 35-55 x 3-5 um, cilindrica, contorta, flexuosa, hyalina, tenuitunicata. Trama hymenophoralis regularis, fibulae nullae, cum hyphis refractis. Epicutis pilei ixotrichodermem formans. Gregaria in humo inter arbores. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, sub Agonis flexuosa & Allocasuarina fraseriana, 6.6.1992, PERTH 04259645, (isotypus CSIRO E4756). Etymology: polychroma refers to the large variation in the colour of the basidiomes. Pileus 14-58 mm broad, convex at first with incurved, smooth, entire margin, expanding to plane or slightly uplifted with undulating, translucent-striate margin which may split when over-mature. Colour varies greatly - e.g. entirely intense bright red (11D8 but redder), bright yellow-orange (5A7) when young, later grading to paler or less intense colours towards the pileus margin. Sometimes entirely white. Surface viscid, drying greasy, smooth. Lamellae adnexed, up to 7 mm deep, waxy, closely spaced, lamellulae abundant, variable colour - e.g. red (11C8) or yellow (3A4), edge paler or same colour as face, and smooth or eroded with age. Stipe 25-85 x 3-8 mm, cylindrical, fusoid, or often flattened or bilobed, variable colour - e.g. entirely or only upper Stipe red (11D8), yellow (3A5) in lower stipe, often grading to a whitish base, hollow, fragile and longitudinally fibrous, surface waxy, smooth. Flesh red in pileus, yellow in stipe, not bruising. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white. Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, often with one large oil bubble, not amyloid, 8-10.5 x 4-5 (5.5) um, mean 9.1 x 4.5 um (n = 50). Ellipsoid to cylindric in face view and in profile, smooth, thin-walled. Suprahilar region not or barely indented. Basidia 32-40 x 7-10 ym, cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata up to 6 ym long, 4-spored (rarely 2), clamp connection at base. Cheilocystidia and Pleurocystidia none seen. Caulocystidia 35-55 x 3-5 ym, cylindrical, contorted, flexuous, hyaline or refractive, smooth, thin-walled, occurring singly or in scattered, small, tangled clusters arising from the non-gelatinised Stipitipellis with clamp connections. Hymenophoral trama parallel, with hyaline, thin-walled, colllapsing, tubuliform hyphae 5-35 um broad x 2000-3000 um long, aseptate. Some oleiferous hyphae present. Subhymenium not differentiated. Pileipellis a narrow ixotrichoderm comprised of loosely arranged, hyaline, smooth-walled hyphae (2-8 um broad) with clamp connections, embedded in a hyaline gelatinous matrix. End-cells not differentiated or some very slightly tapering. Merging below with broader hyphae (up to 20 um broad) of the pileus trama, thin and thick-walled (1 um broad or less). Clamp connections present in the hymenium and pellis, but absent in the hymenophoral tama. Habitat, and distribution On ground in sandy, peaty, grassy or mossy soil, in small groups or large numbers. In high rainfall zone of south-west W.A. Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, Mandalay Beach Road, in sand and moss near Agonis flexuosa & Allocasuarina fraseriana, 6 June 1992, 31 coll. N. Bougher & K. Syme s.n. (holotype PERTH 04259645, isotype at CSIRO E4756). Other collections examined Western Australia, Bibra Lakes, Perth, on soil, 30 June 1971, coll. A. M. Young Young 151 (PERTH 757721 = UWA 1467). Western Australia, Pitcher Flat, near western boundary of Two People’s Bay, 4 June 1975, coll. G. Smith s.n. (PERTH 00772577). Western Australia, Arboretum Rd., near Perup, in litter under Melaleuca shrubs, 22 June 1985, coll. N. Bougher NB 115 (duplicate at ZT 2723). Same location as holotype, 15 July, 1994, coll. N. Bougher, K. Syme, T. Lebel, & M. Brundrett s.n. (CSIRO E5189). General notes Hygrocybe polychroma is characterised by its extremely variable and bright colours - white, yellow, orange and red basidiomes are often mixed within the same group. Unlike H. conica, its pilei are not conical and do not turn black. Basidiomes of H. polychroma resemble those of H. marchii (Bres.) Singer but the two species differ microscopically, e.g. long versus short hymenial tama elements respectively. H. punicea (Fr.) Kummer (with viscid pileus) and H. coccinea (without viscid pileus) also have some resemblance to H. polychroma, but have more consistently cherry or blood red pilei and shorter elements in the lamellae trama. Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea Bougher & A.M. Young, sp. nov. Figs. 9-11, 13. Pileus usque ad 40 mm, plano-convexus habens margines incurvato dein habens depressum, denique habens margines recurvo undulato, glaber, viscido ad glutinosum, aurantio-brunneo. Lamellae decurrentes, ceraceae, confertae ad sub-distantes, pallido-sulphureo-griseae, margines glaber, integras. Stipes usque 62 x 5 mm, cylindici vel supra angusto, viscidi vel glutinoso fistulosi, glabri, sura griseo-virides vel lutei, infra lutei vel griseo-aurantiaci. Sporae 7-9 x(9.5) x 4.5-5.5 (6) um, ellipsoideae vel lato-ellipsoideae, hyalinae, inamyloideae. Basidia 30-45 x 4-7 um, 4-spora, fibulata. Cheilocystidia 20-50 x 2-4 um, hyalina, tenuitunicata, hyphae simulans. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia nulla. Trama hymenophoralis regularis, fibulata raro. Epicutis pilei ixotrichodermem formans. Stipiticutis ixotrichodermem formans. Gregaria in humo turfoso in sylva (Agonis sp.). Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Denmark, sub Agonis juniperina et Agonis parviceps, 1.7.1993, PERTH 04259610. Etymology: viscidibrunnea refers to the sticky brown basidiomes. Pileus up to 40 mm broad, flat-convex with incurved margin. Soon slightly uplifted with depressed centre and undulating, translucent-striate margin. Various shades of orange-brown (5B6, 5C7-6D7), at first uniformly then paler at margin with age. Surface slimy, smooth. Lamellae decurrent, up to 3 mm deep, close or subdistant spacing. Lamellulae abundant (e.g. L:11, 1:52), pale yellowish-grey (3B2), sometimes tinged pinkish-orange, edge smooth and entire, waxy. Stipe up to 62 x 5 mm, tapering upwards or broadest in middle region, hollow, slimy, slightly greyish green or yellow at apex, grading below to yellowish (4B4-4A6 or 5A6) or darker greyish-orange (5C6). Flesh same colour as surface, not bruising. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour not distinctive. Taste none. Spore deposit white. Spores hyaline in water and in KOH, with or without oil bubble, not amyloid, 7-9 (9.5) x 4.5-5.5 (6) um, mean 8.0 x 4.8 um (n = 55). Ellipsoid to broad ellipsoid in face view and in profile, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 30-45 x 4-7 um, cylindro-clavate to cylindric, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata very long (up to 18 ym) and narrow (1-1.5 um), 4-spored, clamp connection at base. 32 Cheilocystidia 20-50 x 2-4 ym, branching hypha-like with flexuous or cylindrical end-cells. Hyaline (in KOH and Melzer's reagent), smooth, thin-walled, with associated glutinous material. Abundant, forming a broad sterile gill edge, clamp connections present. Pleurocystidia, and Caulocystidia none seen. Hymenophoral trama central region of sausage-like hyphae inflated up to 20 ym broad, and narrower, parallel-walled hyphae 4-6 um broad. Outer region of greatly branched narrow hyphae 2-6 ym broad. All hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, clamp connections very rare. Subhymenium not differentiated, hyphae 1.5-3 um broad, clamp connections present. Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm comprised of loosely arranged, branched, hyaline, smooth-walled hyphae (2-4 um broad) infrequently with clamp connections, embedded in a hyaline gelatinous matrix, merging below with similar but broader hyphae (up to 8 um broad) arranged more or less parallel to the surface. These in turn merge below with inflated elements (up to 30 um broad) of the pileus trama. Inner pellis and tama with a pale orange pigment evident in water but not in KOH. Stipitipellis a similar ixotrichoderm. Clamp connections abundant on the gill edge but infrequent elsewhere. Habitat and distribution On ground in peaty soil, in small groups. So far known only in south west Western Australia. Collection detailed/illustrated Western Australia, west Denmark area, Lot 3298, in moist almost peaty soil near Agonis juniperina, & Agonis parviceps, 1 July 1998, coll. A. & K. Syme KS 684/93 (holotype PERTH 04259610, isotype CSIRO E5627). Other collections examined Western Australia, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, in litter under Eucalyptus jacksonii, 9 June 1989, coll. N. Bougher s.n. (CSIRO E604, duplicate with O.K. Miller Virginia OKM 23861). General notes H. viscidibrunnea is characterised by its orange-brown, slimy cap, slimy stem, and pale decurrent gills. This fungus would be placed by some authors (e.g. Horak, 1990) in the genus Gliophorus, which we consider to be subordinate under Hygrocybe. H. viscidibrunnea is the first of this group to be found in W.A., and is closely related to Hygrocybe batesii A. M. Young nom. prov. from eastern Australia (Young, 1996). Other representatives of slimy Hygrocybe in Australia include the green species - H. graminicolor (E. Horak) May & Wood and H. stevensoniae May & Wood (synonymous with Hygrophorus viridis G. Stev.), and the yellow H. chromolimonia (G. Stev.) May & Wood (see photographs in Fuhrer & Robinson, 1992). These three species and ten others assigned to Giliophorus by Horak (1990) are known to occur in New Zealand. At least some of them might be expected to occur in Western Australia. Figs. 6 - 8. Hygrocybe polychroma holotype : 6. basidiospores (2000 X). 7. basidia (1000 X). 8. caulocystidia (1000 X). Figs. 9 - 11. Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea holotype: 9. basidia (1000 X). 10. basidiospores (2000 X). 11. cheilocystidia (1000 X). 34 ERRATA VOLUME SIXTY-THREE Page 34 [Replacement for figs. 12 & 13, N. L. Bougher and A. M. Young. "Hygrophoraceae of Western Australia"] Fig. 12. Hygrocybe polychroma basidiomes (holotype). Fig. 13. Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea basidiomes (CSIRO E604). Si) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Work was carried out during a project sponsored by a CSIRO Multidivisional Program on Biodiversity. We thank Katrina & Alex Syme who provided some crucial collections cited in this paper. LITERATURE CITED ARNOLDS, E. (1990). Tribus Hygrocybeae. In: Bas, C., Kuyper, Th. W., Noordeloos, M.E., & E. C. Vellinga (eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica. Vol. 2. Pp. 70-115. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. BOUGHER, N. L. & K. SYME (1997). Fungi of south-west Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Perth. (In press). FUHRER, B.A. & R. ROBINSON (1992). Rainforest fungi of Tasmania. CSIRO, Melbourne. HILTON, R. N. (1982). A census of the larger fungi of Western Australia. J. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 65: 1-15. HILTON, R. N. (1988). A census of the larger fungi of Western Australia Part Il. J. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 70: 111-118. HORAK, E. (1990). Monograph of the New Zealand Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales). N.Z. J. Bot. 28: 255-309. KORNERUP, A. and J. H. WANSCHER (1978). Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd Ed. Methuen & Co. Ltd., London. MILLS, A. and A. MONKS (1993). Unusual spore print colouration within the family Hygrophoraceae. Mycotaxon 46: 85-91. YOUNG, A. M. (1996). The Hygrophoraceae of Eastern Australia. University of Queensland PhD Thesis. (Unpublished). Fig. 12. Hygrocybe polychroma basidiomes (holotype). Fig. 13. Hygrocybe viscidibrunnea basidiomes (CSIRO E604). rect : i ; 7 er MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 37-48 June-August 1997 THREE NEW SEQUESTRATE BASIDIOMYCETES FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA N. L. BOUGHER CSIRO Forestry & Forest Products, Private Bag, P.O. Wembley, Western Australia 6014. ABSTRACT Three new species of sequestrate (truffle-like) Basidiomycetes are described from southern high rainfall areas in south-west Western Australia: Macowanites luteiroseus (Russulales), Thaxterogaster basipurpureum (Cortinariales), and Thaxterogaster luteirufescens (Cortinariales). INTRODUCTION Sequestrate Basidiomycetes are truffle-like fungi, with underground or semi- underground basidiomes. Many of them are closely related to groups of mushroom-like Basidiomycetes. Sequestrate fungi do not forcibly discharge their spores, and are mostly dispersed by animals. In Australia, these fungi are a major source of food for some indigenous mammals such as woylies and potoroos (Claridge & May, 1994). Most sequestrate fungi are also presumed to have ectomycorrhizal associations with plants. Sequestrate Basidiomycetes are extremely diverse in Australian eucalypt forests and other vegetation types (see Beaton, Pegler & Young 1985 and preceding papers in that series). Most of these species are endemic to Australia. Examination of several thousand collections of sequestrate fungi obtained during collecting expeditions undertaken by the present author and colleagues during the past 10 years have revealed that sequestrate Agaricales, Russulales, and Cortinariales are particularly well represented (Castellano & Bougher 1994; Bougher 1995). In this paper three new putatively ectomycorrhizal Western Australian species are described: 1 from the Russulales - genus Macowanites, and 2 from the Cortinariales - genus Thaxterogaster. All are from wet eucalypt forests in southern high rainfall areas of Western Australia (W.A.). Colour illustrations of the fungi described in this paper are published in Bougher and Syme (1997). METHODS Basidiomes collected from the field were described, and then air-dried for later examination. Dried material was hydrated and examined in 3% KOH and Melzer's reagent. Microscopic characters were drawn with an Olympus drawing tube system. All spore measurements include the hilar appendix. Colour codes quoted are from Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Specimens designated as H numbers are held at the CSIRO Division of Forestry, Perth, Western Australia. 38 DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES Macowanites luteiroseus Bougher, sp. nov. Figs. 1-6. Pileus 8-35 mm latus, globosus vel hemisphaericus demum ellipsoideus ad plano- convexus, margo valde incurvatus. Color variabilis, exempli gratia omnino flavus vel cremeus vel lutescens clarus, luteus cum aliqui maculosus roseus pallus vel rosaceus omnino. Lamellae/Gleba laminare ad sublaminares, adnexae, usque ad 5 mm profundae, non plerumque aspectus verticales. Albae quum juvenes ad cremeae quum maturae. Stipes 5-22 x 3-7 mm, percurrens, cylindricus vel habens basum leviter clavatum, interior solidus ad medullosum (raro locellatum). Pagina omnino albus et non convertet quum maturus. Sporae hyalinae in KOH, amyloideae in solutio Melzer, (8) 8.5-10.5 x 6.5-8 um, subglobosae vel late ellipsoideae, ornatae. Sporae nullae efferens. Basidia 34-55 x 10-13 um, Clavata vel ventricosa, tetraspora (aliquot 1, 2). Cheilocystidia 55-100 x 10-15 um, fusiformia gracilia vel minor cylindrica. Pleurocystidia similis a cheilocystidia. Habitat sub ruderata sylvarum eucalyptarum humidarum in Australia occidentalis. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, in ruderata sylvae cum Eucalyptus diversicolor et E. jacksonii, 3.6.1995, PERTH. Etymology: /uteiroseus refers to the yellow and rosy coloured basidiomes. Pileus 8-35 mm broad, globose to hemispherical when as a button, expanding to broadly convex with strongly incurved margin, becoming ellipsoid or flat convex with a persistently incurved, entire margin which gradually recedes away from the stipe revealing the gleba to various degrees. Margin not translucent-striate. Colour variable: e.g. entirely pale yellow or cream (2A3) or brighter pastel yellow (3A4), yellow with some pale rosaceous mottles (8A3), or dominantly or entirely rosaceous (10C5). Sometimes the pigment becomes paler following heavy rainfall. Surface dry, very minutely soft velutinous when young (see under lens) becoming smooth, often with a white bloom (see under lens) when mature, sometimes cracking when older to expose areas of underlying white cap flesh. Lamellae/Gleba lamellate to sublamellate with few cross-walls, adnexed, up to 5 mm deep, very tightly packed and convoluted, not usually vertically orientated, 48-60 lamellae per half pileus, edge of lamellae smooth, entire at first but eroded with age, edge and face white when young maturing to cream (4A2), sometimes bruising red-brown. Latex absent. Gleba usually exposed to various degrees as the cap margin partially separates from the stipe, but in some specimens the cap margin may always remains clasped to the stipe. Stipe 5-22 x 3-7 mm, percurrent, cylindric or with slightly clavate base, interior solid then pithy (rarely chambered). Surface dry, minutely felty (see under lens), more or less finely longitudinally wrinkled when older, entirely white and unchanging with age. The stipe length varies such that it may emerge far beyond the cap like a mushroom or may not emerge at all. Veil absent. Flesh white, unchanging when cut. Basal mycelium white, sparse. Odour not distinctive. Taste mild. Spore deposit none produced. Chemical spot tests sulfovanillin red on the lamellae, gum guaiac slowly blue-green on the lamellae. Spores hyaline in KOH or water, wall and ornamentation amyloid, (8) 8.5-10.5 x 6.5-8 mm, mean 9.2 x 7.1 mm (n = 60), thin-walled. Subglobose to broad ellipsoid in profile (some spores distinctly asymmetrical), similar or globose in face view. Ornamentation of irregularly shaped or 39 labyrinthine warts (some up to 1 mm broad but often much smaller) as seen in face view, warts ranging from mainly isolated in some spores to mostly connected by fine lines in other spores, in profile the warts appear as numerous round-topped slightly tapering pegs 0.5-1 mm tall. Ornaments are uniformly distributed and of similar size over the entire spore, and usually not reduced as a plage in the suprahilar region. Hilar appendix oblique, tapering, up to 2 mm long. Basidia 34-55 x 10-13 mm, clavate to ventricose, hyaline, thin-walled, sterigmata up to 8 mm long, 4-spored (few 1, 2), clamp connection absent. Cheilocystidia 55-110 x 10-15 mm, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline except for a refractive pale yellow pigment in the cytoplasm near the apex, slender fusiform or less often cylindric with rounded or mucronate apex, abundant/crowded, mixed with basidia. Originating in the subhymenium, and projecting well beyond hymenium level. Pleurocystidia 58-125 x 12-23 mm, similar to cheilocystidia but shape more variable: e.g. slender fusiform, ventricose or near-cylindric with rounded or mucronate apex, abundant but separated singly along the gill. Originating in the subhymenium, projecting well beyond the level of the hymenium. Caulocystidia none seen (see notes on stipe pellis below). Hymenial trama hyaline in KOH, pale yellow in Melzer's reagent. Central strand narrow, composed of interwoven hyphae 2-6 mm broad, lateral regions predominantly sphaerocysts up to 20 mm broad, and relatively few hyphae. Subhymenium not well differentiated from the lateral tamal regions, composed of tightly packed globose and ellipsoid sphaerocysts up to 22 x 12 mm broad. Pileipellis/ peridium 80-175 mm broad, composed of cells up to 30 mm broad merging with the trama (some with thickened walls) giving rise to an outer narrow entangled trichoderm of smooth, thin-walled hyphae 2-5 mm broad with undifferentiated or slightly tapering end cells. Outer hyphae hyaline or pale yellow in KOH, golden yellow in Melzer's reagent. General pellis pigments: (a) from predominantly red basidiomes - dull reddish brown in water, yellow-brown in KOH, pink changing to golden yellow in Melzer's reagent. (b) from yellow basidiomes - pale yellow in water and in KOH, bright yellow in Melzer's reagent. Stipitipellis a well developed trichoderm of hyaline or pale yellow (in Meizer's reagent), smooth, thin-walled hyphae 3-6 mm broad, end-cells unswollen sometimes with a refractive pigment (similar to that of the gill cystidia). Subtended by cells up to 40 mm broad. Clamp connections absent. Habitat and distribution Under the litter of wet eucalypt forests of south west W.A. Under Allocasuarina decussata, Acacia sp., Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. guilfoylei, E. jacksonii. |n small or large groups. Collections examined Western Australia, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Nunn Road, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor & E. jacksonii, 3 June 19985, coll. K. Syme n.s. (holotype PERTH 04259661, isotype at CSIRO H7142). Shannon River, turn-off to Northcliffe, in litter of Eucalyptus diversicolor forest, 18 June 1981, coll. L. Sanfeliu n.s. (CSIRO H119). Nornalup, Valley of the Giants forest, junction of Old Valley Rd, Picnic Rd., and Rates Rd, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. jacksonii, E. guilfoleyi, & Allocasuarina decussata, 7 June 1992, coll. N. Bougher & K. Syme n.s. (CSIRO H6241). Nornalup, Valley of the Giants forest, Old Valley Rd, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor, E. jacksonii, E. guilfoleyi, & Allocasuarina decussata, 7 June 1992, coll. K. Syme n.s. (CSIRO H6242). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Cemetery Rd., in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor & E. jacksonii, 13 July 1994, coll. 7. Lebel, M. Brundrett, D. Brown n.s. (CSIRO H6683). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, The Knoll, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus diversicolor & E. calophylla, 14 July 1994, coll. N. Bougher n.s. (CSIRO H7020). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Gully Rd., in litter of forest with Eucalyptus jacksonii & E. marginata, 4 June1995, coll. N. Bougher & M. Alosi n.s. (CSIRO H7151). 40 DIOLS oe Macowanites luteiroseus basidiomes: 1. type collection 2. SOR CSIRO H6242. 41 Figs. 3 - 5. Macowanites luteiroseus holotype: 3. basidiospores (2000 X). 4. hymenium with a cheilocystidium and basidia (1000 X). 5. pleurocystidia (1000 X). 42 General notes Macowanites luteiroseus is a common and abundant fungus of Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) and Tingle (E. jacksonii, E. guilfoylei) forests of south-west Western Australia but is easily overlooked as its basidiomes are usually hidden under the leaf litter. This species resembles a small, distorted or aborted Russula - i.e. cap which never fully expands, short white percurrent Stipe which often remains enveloped by the cap, and tightly packed/contorted white gills which do not yield a spore print. The basidiomes of Macowanites luteiroseus have various colours: e.g. entirely pale yellow or cream, yellow with rose mottes, or entirely rose. All such colours can be represented among basidiomes occurring in the same fruiting patch. Dried specimens retain the yellow and red colouration. About 20 species of Macowanites are known throughout the world, but none in Australia had previously been assigned to the genus. However, our collecting expeditions throughout Australia over the past ten years have yielded a large range of Macowanites species, of which M. /uteiroseus is the first to be formally named. Fig. 6. Macowanites luteiroseus holotype: scanning electron image of basidiospores. 43 Thaxterogaster basipurpureum Bougher, sp. nov. Figs. 7, 9, 10. Basidiomata 5-15 mm alta x 8-25 mm lata, globosa, subglobosa vel pyriformes. Peridium crassum, valde glutinosum, verrucosum sub mucus, griseo-brunneum vel roseo/purpureo- brunneum. Gleba sicca, loculata, irregularis, brunnea. Columella percurrens vel truncata. Stipes parvus, brevis, textura basalis purpurea. Sporae ferrugineae in KOH, (10) 10.5-12.5 (13) x 7.5-9 mm, late ovatae vel late obpyriformes, symmetricae, grosse verrucosae, perisporium adhaerens. Basidia 33-65 x 7-11 mm, cylindracea vel to cylindro-clavata, hyalina, tetraspora. Cystidia nulla. Peridiopellis gelatinosus. Fibulae absentes. Habitat hypogeous sub Gastrolobium, Eucalyptus, Agonis, et Allocasuarina, Australia occidentalis. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Two People's Bay, sub Gastrolobium, 31.7.1995, PERTH. Etymology: basjpurpureum refers to the concentrated purple colour near the base of the basidiomes. Basidiomes globose, ellipsoid to pyriform, 5-15 tall x 8-25 mm broad. Peridium thick (about 1 mm), two layers: inner layer greyish and not gelatinised, outer layer broader and gelatinised. Surface thick-slimy (not sticky) often covered with adhering soil and debris, stippled with dome- shaped bumps underneath the slime. Cream to pale tan (4B4-5B4) when young then darkening to grey-brown or reddish/purplish-brown (6F7-7F7 or 10E5) or sometimes grey-violet (duller than 17B3). Not bruising. The peridium is often pleated around the stipe. Gleba dry, with irregular empty large locules to 1 mm broad, noticeably radially elongated in some specimens, cream maturing to dark brown (6E8-7F8). Trama pale cream. Columella usually percurrent or less often truncate, up to 6 mm broad in the gleba and there whitish or dull in section. Emerging as a tapering stipe up to 3 mm long x 5 mm wide with whitish, minutely pubescent, dry surface. Where it meets the peridium the stipe is encircled by a thick collar of slime which is purplish at least when young. Flesh conspicuously bright purple (17E8) in section especially near the base of the stipe. Basal mycelium whitish, but not conspicuous. Odour similar to camphor or mothballs. Taste none. Spores bright brown in KOH, (10) 10.5-12.5 (13) x 7.5-9 mm, mean 11.0 x 8.5 mm (n = 30). Broad ovoid to broad obpyriform in face view and profile (axially symmetrical). Coarsely warty with irregular, crowded warts appearing in profile as flat-topped pegs up to 2 mm tall x 1 mm broad. Perisporium adhering closely to the ornamentation, yellowish in KOH, also covering the apex. Hilar appendix broad (to 2 mm) but short, truncate, sometimes with a hyaline peg attached. Basidia 33-65 x 7-11 mm, cylindric to cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 4-spored, Clamp connection absent. Cystidia absent. Hymenial trama paralle| hyaline or yellow- encrusted, hyphae (3-15 mm broad), without clamp connections. The hyphae may inflate (to 35 mm broad) in older specimens. Subhymenium not differentiated. After the basidia have collapsed the hymenial elements may inflate to become vesiculose (up to 25 x 20 mm). Peridium outer broad layer of hyaline, thin-walled hyphae (2-7 mm broad) loosely arranged in a hyaline matrix. Inner layer of thicker walled, hyphae (4-10 mm broad), heavily encrusted with a bright golden yellow (in KOH) wall pigment. Hyphae sometimes appear as polygonal cells, and the pigment is concentrated in clusters. Clamp connections absent. Habitat and distribution Buried in the ground under litter of wet Eucalyptus forests and Gastrolobium thickets. This fungus is locally abundant along the south coastal area of W.A. 44 Collections examined Western Australia, Two People's Bay Nature Reserve, Hakea Gully, in thicket dominated by Gastrolobium sp., 31 July 1995, coll. A. Danks s.n., (holotype PERTH 04259629, isotype at CSIRO H7302). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, The Knoll, under Eucalyptus calophylla & Agonis flexuosa, 6 June 1992, coll. K. Syme & N. Bougher s.n. (CSIRO H6235). Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Shedley Drive, under Eucalyptus jacksonii & Allocasuarina decussata, 6 June 1992, coll. N. Bougher & K. Syme s.n. (CSIRO H6236). Nornalup, Valley of the Giants forest, corner of Thompson Rd & Rates Rad, in litter of forest with Eucalyptus jacksonii, 14 July 1994, coll. N. Bougher, D. Brown & T. Lebel n.s. (CSIRO H6684). Two People's Bay Nature Reserve, Hakea Gully, in thicket dominated by Gastrolobium sp., 31 July 1995, coll. A. Danks s.n., (CSIRO H7303). People's Bay Nature Reserve, Firebreak Gully, under Agonis flexuosa, 21 August 1991, coll. K. Syme KS338/91, (CSIRO H6255). General notes Thaxterogaster basipurpureum is characterised in the field by its thick, very slimy, bumpy, purplish- or reddish-grey peridium, and bright purple inside the lower part of the stipe columella. Microscopically, it has axially symmetrical and coarsely warted spores, and has no clamp connections on the hyphae. We have collected this species over many years in the south coast area of W.A., but have not observed it elsewhere in Australia. Thaxterogaster basjpurpureum has been collected in close proximity to a wide variety of mycorrhizal plants, including Gastrolobium sp., Agonis flexuosa, Eucalyptus calophylia, E. diversicolor, and Allocasuarina decussata. Thaxterogaster luteirufescens Bougher, sp. nov. Figs. 8, 11-13. Basidiomata globosa vel ellipsoidea lata, usque ad 20 mm lata. Peridium crassum (circa 1 mm), pagina mucosa (non glutinosa), lutea ad aurantiaca cum labes croceo-lutea in panni parvi. Gleba sicca, habens loculi irregulari grandi vacci ad 0.5 mm latus, elongata radialis non notatio, cinnamomi. Columella plerumque ad acumen angustata, vel percurrens, alba in sectionem. Basum/caulis brevissimus emergens. Sporae cinnamoneae in KOH, 12- 14.5 x 7.5-8.5 um. Ovoideae ad ellipsoideae, verruciformes. Basidia 50-83 x 8-16 um, cylindrica ad cylindro-clavata, hyalina, habens paries tenues, tetraspora. Cystidia nulla. Peridiopellis stratum exterior habens hyphae angustae hyalinae (3-5 um latus), in matricem hyalinam laxe ordinatant. Stratum interior habens hyphae latae (ad 22 um latus) et cellae polygonae (ad 30 um latus) habens paries crassi et cum pigmentum. Fibulae raro in peridium. Habitat in terram sub ruderata sepelit, meridionalis Australia occidentalis. Holotypus Australia occidentalis, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, sub Eucalyptus ficifolia, PERTH. Etymology: /uteirufescens refers to the yellow and orange-red stained basidiomes. Basidiomes globose or broad ellipsoid, up to 20 mm broad. Peridium thick (about 1 mm), whitish in section but dulling when cut. Surface slimy (not sticky). Yellow with a hint of orange Fig. 7. Thaxterogaster basipurpureum basidiomes CSIRO H6235. Fig. 8. Thaxterogaster luteirufescens basidiomes type collection. 46 (4A6-4B7) with orange-red (6B8 or 7B8) stains in small patches. Peridium sometimes pleated around the stipe where a collar of reddish slime occurs. Gleba dry, with irregular empty large locules to 0.5 mm broad, not noticeably radially elongated, fairly bright brown (7E8-8F7). Trama whitish. Columella either tapering to a point about a third or a half of the way up into the gleba, or percurrent and then up to 2-3 mm broad. White in section. Also with a very short (up to about 1mm long), tapering or bulbous, emergent reduced stipe. This has a dry, matted-fibrillose, pale dull yellow surface. Flesh dull brown in the base, paler elsewhere. Basal mycelium not conspicuous. Odour none. Taste none. Spores bright brown in KOH, 12-14.5 x 7.5-8.5 mm, mean 13.1 x 8.1 mm (n = 30). Ovoid to ellipsoid in face view and profile (some very slightly axially asymmetrical). Warty with densely arranged, irregular, warts appearing in profile as flat-topped pegs up to 1 mm tall. Perisporium adhering closely to the ornamentation, pale yellowish in KOH, also covering the apex. Hilar appendix large, tapering, truncate. Basidia 50-83 x 8-16 mm, cylindric to cylindro-clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 4-spored, with a small clamp connection at the base. Cystidia absent. Hymenial trama parallel hyaline and brown-encrusted, hyphae (3-8 mm broad), with clamp connections. Some oeliferous hyphae present. Subhymenium of broad, hyaline hyphae and Cells (to 15 mm broad). After the basidia have collapsed the hymenial elements may inflate up to 40 mm broad. Peridium outer layer of narrow, hyaline hyphae (3-5 mm broad), mainly without clamp connections, some with minute hyaline wall ornamentation, loosely arranged in a hyaline matrix. Inner layer of broad hyphae (to 22 mm broad) and polygonal cells (to 30 mm broad), thick-walled and very heavily encrusted with a golden brown (in KOH) pigment. Clamp connections present in the hymenium, but rare in the peridium. Habitat and distribution Buried in the ground under litter. Collected several times under various Eucalyptus species - e.g. E. ficifolia, E. calophylia - in south coastal area of W.A. Collections examined Western Australia, Walpole-Nornalup National Park, Nut Road, under Eucalyptus ficifolia, 10 June 1993, coll. N. Bougher s.n. (holotype PERTH 04259599, isotype at CSIRO H6357). Two People’s Bay Nature Reserve, Firebreak Gully, under Eucalyptus calophylla, 13 August 1991, coll. K. Syme KS337/97 (CSIRO H6254). General notes Thaxterogaster luteirufescens may be recognised in the field by its thick, slimy peridium which is yellow with orange-red stains in patches. It is placed in the genus Thaxterogaster rather than in Protoglossum (formerly Cortinomyces) because at least some specimens found so far have a percurrent stipe columella, and the spores are slightly asymmetric. However, a case could be made to include this fungus in either genus, and it highlights the indistinct boundary between the two genera. The basidiomes, peridial structure, and spores of 7. /uteirufescens are similar to those of 7. aurantiacum Horak from under Leptospermum in New Zealand (Horak 1973). However, 7. aurantiacum differs by having a more pronounced marginate bulb, and clamp connections in the peridium. Figs. 9 - 10. Thaxterogaster basipurpureum holotype. 9. basidia (1000 X). 10. basidiospores (2000 X). Figs. 11 - 13. Thaxterogaster luteirufescens 11. basidiospores (2000 X) holotype. 12. structure of the peridium (CSIRO H6254, bar = 20 mm). 13. basidium (1000 X) holotype. 47 13 48 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Work was carried out during a project sponsored by a CSIRO Multidivisional Program on Biodiversity, and an Australian Biological Resources Study Grant. Thanks to Katrina Syme and Alan Danks who provided some crucial collections cited in this paper. Susan Bolsenbroek produced the scanning electron photograph. Ceridwen Morris helped in part to compile the Latin descriptions. LITERATURE CITED BEATON, G., PEGLER , D.N. and T. W. K. YOUNG (1985). Gasteroid Basidiomycota of Victoria State, Australia. 8-9. Kew Bulletin 40: 827-842. BOUGHER, N. L. (1995). Diversity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi associated with Eucalypts. In: Mycorrhizas for Plantation Forestry in Asia. (Eds.: M. Brundrett, B. Dell, N. Malajczuk, & G. Minggin) Proceedings No. 62. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra Pp. 8-15. BOUGHER, N. L. and K. SYME (1997). Fungi of south-west Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Perth. (In press). CASTELLANO, M. A. and N. L. BOUGHER (1994). Consideration of the taxonomy and biodiversity of Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant & Soil 159:37-46. CLARIDGE, A. W. and T. W. MAY (1994). Mycophagy among Australian mammals. Australian Journal of Ecology 19: 251-275. HORAK, E. (1973). Fungi Agaricini Novaezelandiae ||. Thaxterogaster. Beihefte Nova Hedwigia 43: 87-114. KORNERUP, A. and J. H. WANSCHER (1978). Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd Ed. Methuen & Co. Ltd., London. MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 49-55 June-August 1997 TWO NEW SPECIES AND NEW REPORTS IN THE PARMELIACEAE SENSU STRICTO (LICHENIZED ASCOMYCOTINA) FROM BRAZIL SIONARA ELIASARO Departamento de Botdnica, S. Biolégicas, Universidade Federal do Parand, Cx. P.19031-81531-970, Curitiba, PR- Brazil (Until 1998 at the address of the second author) MONICA T. ADLER Departamento de Ciencias Biolégicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Piso 4, Pabellén 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina e-mail: adler9 biolo.bg.fcen.uba.ar ABSTRACT: Parmotrema lichexanthonicum Eliasaro & Adler and Rimelia succinreticulata Eliasaro & Adler are described as new. New records are reported for three species of Bulbothrix Hale, three species of Hypotrachyna (Vain.) Hale and one of Relicina (Hale & Kurok.) Hale. The present study is based on specimens collected mainly by the first author and are kept, unless stated otherwise, at UPCB. The abbreviations for names of herbaria correspond to the “Index Herbariorum” (Holmgren et al., 1990). Lichen substances were identified by TLC (Elix, Johnston & Parker, 1987) and by comparison with authentic samples. Parmotrema lichexanthonicum Eliasaro & Adler sp. nov. Fig. 1 Species cum thallo et substantiis ut in Parmotrema ultralucens sed ab hac specie absentia isidiorum et apotheciis perforatis differt. Typus: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais. Santana do Riacho, Alto Palacio, Serra do Cipé, 19°22’ S, 43°32’ W; saxicolous in “campo rupestre”, 1 February, 1989, Eliasaro (UPCB 24699-holotype; BAFC 37875, CANB-isotypes). Thallus saxicolous, grey, loosely attached to the substrate, up to 10 cm across. Lobes subirregular, elongate with rounded apices, 7-15 mm wide, 10-25 mm long, with ciliate margins; cilia up to 0.5 mm long. Upper surface faintly maculate. Medulla white. Lower surface black, dark brown below the apices of the lobes, densely rhizinate to the margins in some young lobes or a bare to papillate zone present at the apices, commonly erhizinate to the centre, rhizines concolorous, mainly simple. Apothecia up to 5 mm 50 diam., disc brown, perforate, margin and thalline exciple smooth; asci clavate, 8-spored, ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, 10-11 x 14.5-16 jum. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, mostly grouped in submarginal areas; conidia short filiform, 6.5-7 pm long. Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ yellow tuming red (salazinic acid, major), C-, KC-, UV+ bright yellow (lichexanthone, major). The specific epithet refers to the presence of lichexanthone in the medulla. Remarks. This species is closely related to the isidiate Parmotrema ultralucens (Krog) Hale (Krog, 1974, Hale, 1974, Krog et al., 1981, Elix, 1994) which also contains salazimic acid and lichexanthone in the medulla and atranorin in the upper cortex. The main taxonomic difference between the species is the absence of isidia in P. lichexanthonicum. The new species is also distinguished by the presence of apothecial perforations, a smooth exciple and faint maculation on the upper surface. In spite of these minor differences it could well be considered the parent species of P. u/tralucens. At present P. lichexanthonicum 1s only known from the Serra do Cip6, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rimelia succinreticulata Eliasaro & Adler sp. nov. Fig. 2 Specie cum thallo ut in Rimelia simulans sed ab hac specie acidum succinprotocetranicum et acidum fumarprotocetraricum continente differt. Typus: BRAZIL. Paran&. Jaguanaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 24°08' S, 49°44’ W, corticolous, 16 Apnil, 1994, Eliasaro 1268 (UPCB 24709-holotype, BAFC 37876- isotype). Thallus grey or greenish-grey, up to 10 cm across, corticolous, sorediate, soralia mainly marginal, capitate or subcapitate, occasionally submarginal and punctiform. Lobes subirregular, laciniate in some parts, 3-10 mm wide, with ciliate margins; cilia black, slender, up to 1 mm long. Upper surface markedly reticulately maculate and cracked. Medulla white. Lower surface black, moderately rhizinate, with a broad, brown or mottled, bare marginal zone at the lobe apices, or rhizinate to the margin; rhizines black, mostly simple but commonly squarrosely branched, sometimes very long (up to 2 mm). Mature apothecia not seen. Pycnidia frequent, laminal, immersed, mostly grouped in submarginal areas; conidia filiform, (9-) 10-11 (-12) jum long. Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ faint yellow turning orange, C-, KC+ faint yellow (succinprotocetraric acid, major, fumarprotocetranic acid, major, and protocetraric acid, trace). Fig. 1.- Holotype of Parmotrema lichexanthonicum (UPCB 24699). Scale = 1.3 cm. Fig. 2.- Holotype of Rimelia succinreticulata (UPCB 24709). Scale = 1 cm. oil a2 Additional specimens examined: BRAZIL. Paranda. Tibagi, Guartelé, 25°32’ S, 50°19’ W, corticolous, 17 April 1994, Eliasaro 1323 (UPCB 24712, CANB); Ponta Grossa, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, saxicolous, 27 September 1995, Bundchen 60 (H); Lapa, Parque Estadual Gruta do Monge, saxicolous, 6 February 1996, Eliasaro 1729 (H). The specific epithet refers to the presence of succinprotocetraric acid in the medulla and the reticulate pattern of maculae and cracks on the upper surface, typical of the genus Rimelia (Hale et. al., 1990). Remarks: R. succinreticulata 1s a sorediate species, morphologically very similar to R. simulans (Hale) Hale & Fletcher and R. reticulata (Tayl..) Hale & Fletcher but differing from both in the major medullary substances, namely succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids instead of caperatic acid (R. simulans) or salazinic acid (R. reticulata). R. succinreticulata 1s so far only known from the “Segundo Planalto” of the State of Parana. NEW RECORDS Bulbothrix hypocraea (Vain.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 480. 1974. Thallus adnate, mineral prey, 2-5 cm across. Lobes sublinear, irregularly branched, 0.5- 0.8 mm wide, 0.5-0.6 mm long, with ciliate margins, cilia bulbate, commonly only present at the base of the lobes. Upper surface plane, maculate. Medulla white. Lower surface pale brown. Apothecia sessile, disc brown, 1-4 mm diam., the margin not coronate; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, 5-6 x 8-11.5 pum. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: Upper surface K+ yellow (atranorin, major to minor). Medulla K+ yellow turning red (salazinic acid, major; norstictic acid, minor). Specimens examined: Parana. Jaguaniaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 24°08’, 49°44’ W, 16 Apnil 1994, Eliasaro 1265, 1267 (UPCB 24301, 24300); Tocantins. Lizarda. Fazenda Morro Redondo, 09°34’ S, 46°43’ W, 600 m.s.m.; 18 August 1992, Eliasaro 929 (UPCB 21813). Remarks: The African and Brazilian (Hale, 1976) species B. hypocraea was formerly known from the States of Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais and is here recorded for the first time for Parana and Tocantins. Bulbothrix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 480. 1974. Thallus greenish-grey, 4-5 cm across. Lobes subirregular, 8-10 mm wide, with ciliate margins, cilia bulbate, mainly at the lobe axils, frequently only present at the bases of the lobes. Upper surface plane, maculate, densely isidiate, isidia simple to branched. Medulla white. Lower surface pale brown, moderately rhizinate, rhizines brown, simple. Apothecia and pycnidia not seen. 53 Chemistry: Upper surface K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ yellow turning red (salazinic acid, major). Specimens examined: Paran&. Jaguariaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 24°08’ S, 49°44’ W, 16 April 1994, Eliasaro 1264a (UPCB 24705); Curitiba, Centro Politécnico, 25°26’ S, 49°18’ W, 3 August 1993, Eliasaro 1021 (UPCB 22151). Remarks: B. isidiza, a pantropical species (Hale, 1976), formerly known from the Brazilian States of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Para, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, is here reported for the first tume from the State of Parana. Bulbothrix ventricosa (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 481. 1974. Thallus greenish grey, adnate, 2-4 cm. across. Lobes subirregular, 1-3 mm wide, with ciliate margin, cilia conspicuous, with bulbate base. Upper surface plane, slightly maculate or not, moderate to densely isidiate. Medulla white. Lower surface dark brown to black, moderately rhizinate, rhizines black, simple. Apothecia and pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorn, minor). Medulla K+ yellow tuming red (norstictic acid, major). Specimens examined. Paran&. Curitiba, Parque Barigui, 25°26' S, 49°18’ W, 800 m.s.m, corticolous, 8 March 1994, Eliasaro 1202, 1212, 1221 (UPCB 24706, 24707, 24716). Remarks: B. ventricosa was formerly known from Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, South Africa and Brazil (Para). Its distribution is here extended to the State of Parana. Hypotrachyna dentella (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 25: 33. 1975. Thallus saxicolous or corticolous, loosely attached, light greenish-grey, 4 cm across. Lobes irregular and imbricate, 2-3 mm wide. Upper surface plane, isidiate, isidia cylindrical, erect, brownish apically, simple at first but becoming branched at maturity. Medulla white. Lower surface black, moderately rhizinate, rhizines concolorous, dichotomoustly branched. Apothecia and pycnidia nor seen. Chemistry: Upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin, major). Medulla K+ orange, C+ KC (echinocarpic acid, major, barbatic acid, minor, and 4-0-demethylbarbatic acid, minor). Specimens examined: Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte. Parque Municipal, 19°53’ S, 43°56’ W, corticolous, 31 May 1993, Eliasaro 992 (UPCB 24811). Rio de Janeiro. Petropolis. Deventer (G, lectotype by Hale of Parmelia laevigata var. ceratina = P. dentella Hale & Kurok.). Remarks: H. dentella, formerly known from the USA, Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil (States of Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul) is here recorded for the first time for the State of Minas Gerais. 54 Hypotrachyna flavida (Zahlbr.) Hale, Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 25: 37. 1975. Thallus adnate, yellowish-green. Lobes _sublinear, short, 0.4-1.3 mm wide. Medulla white. Lower surface black, rhizinate to the margin, rhizines dichotomously branched. Apothecia laminal, sessile, disc brown, 2-4 mm diam., ascospores 4-6 x (6-) 7-11 pm. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: Upper cortex K- (usnic acid, major). Medulla K-, C-, KC- (protocetraric acid, major; physodalic acid, major; and an unidentified depside). Specimens examined: Paran&. Tibagi. GuartelA, 25°32’ S, 50°19’ W, 17 April 1994, Eliasaro 1316, 1317, 1318 (UPCB 24713, 24714, 24715). Remarks. H. flavida, formerly known from Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil (States of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro), 1s here reported for the first time for Parana. Hypotrachyna silvatica (Lynge) Hale, Smithsonian Contnb. Bot. 25: 63. 1975. Thallus corticolous, pale grey, tightly attached, 2-3 mm across. Lobes sublinear, (0.5-) 1- 0.8 (-2) mm wide, subdichotomously branched, with truncate apices. Upper surface plane, emaculate. Medulla white in the upper side, reddish-orange in the lower half. Lower _ surface black, moderately rhizinate, rhizines simple to rarely dichotomously branched. Apothecia common, with crenate margin, sessile, up to 5 mm diam., disc light brown; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoid, 5-7 x 9.5-12 tum. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, conidia bifusiform, 6-6.5 um long. Chemistry: Upper cortex K- (lichexanthone, major). Medulla K- to slightly K+ yellow in the upper half (protocetraric acid, major), K+ purple in the lower half (unidentified anthraquinone, major). Specimens examined: Mato Grosso. Santa Anna da Chapada, Malme 2393* (S, lectotype by Hale of Parmelia silvatica Lynge), Malme (S, lectotype by Hale of P. crustacea Lynge), Malme 2393*** (S, lectotype by Hale of P. silvatica var. pinnata Lynge), Malme 2393** (S, lectotype by Hale of P. silvativa var. radiata), Serra da Chapada, Bunti, Malme (S) in Lichenes Austroamericani 87. Parana. Tibagi. Canion Guartela, 25°32’ S, 50°19’ W, 20 November 1993, Elasaro 1104 (UPCB 24818); Jaguaniaiva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 25°32’ S, 50°19’W, 16 Apml 1994, Eliasaro 1263, 1274 (UPCB 24823, 24821). Remarks: H. silvatica, a Brazilian endemic, formerly recorded only for the States of Mato Grosso and Para, is here reported for the first time for the State of Paranda, extending its distribution to the SE. Relicina abtrusa (Vain.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 484. 1974. Thallus saxicolous or corticolous, yellowish-green, adnate, 4-10 cm across. Lobes with truncate apices and ciliate margins, up to 2 mm wide, cilia bulbate, 0.1-0.5 mm long. Upper surface plane, sparse to densely isidiate, isidia erect, simple or branched, commonly with brown apices, isolated or in groups. Medulla white. Lower surface black, 55 brown and papillate in a zone bellow the apices or black to the margin, rhizines black, simple. Apothecia sessile, coronate, thalline exciple isidiate or not, disc brown; ascospores 4.5-6 x 6.5-7.5 jum. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, conidia not seen. Chemistry: Upper cortex K- or K+ yellow (usnic acid, major; atranorin +; lichexanthone +). Medulla K+ yellow turning red (norstictic acid, major). Selected specimens examined: Parana. Tibagi, Canion Guartela, 25° 32’ S, 50° 19'W, saxicolous, 17 Apnil 1994, Eliasaro 1309 (UPCB 24815), corticolous, Eliasaro 1319 (UPCB 24819); Cuntiba, Parque Bangui, 25°26’ S, 49°18’ W, 800 m.s.m, corticolous, 29 August 1994, C. Morales 56 (UPCB 24825). Tocantins. Lizarda, Fazenda Morro Redondo, 09°34' S, 46°43’ W, corticolous, 19 August 1992, Eliasaro 922 (UPCB 22125). Remarks: R. abtrusa, “a very common species in both the New World and the Old World” (Hale, 1975), was formerly recorded for the Brazilian States of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sado Paulo, Bahia, Goias and Para. These are the first reports for Parana and Tocantins. ACKNOWLEDEGEMENTS: the authors thank the keepers of the herbaria G and S for the loan of collections; Prof. John A. Elix for the revision of the manuscript; and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (Argentina) for finacial support to M. T. Adler. REFERENCES Elix, J. A. (1994). Parmotrema, Flora of Australia 55: 140-163. CSIRO. Australia. Elix, J. A., Johnston, J. & Parker, J. L. (1987). A Computer Program for the Rapid identification of lichen products. Mycotaxon 31: 89-99. Hale, M. E. (1974). Notes on species of Parmotrema (Lichenes: Parmeliaceae) containing yellow pigments. Mycotaxon 1: 105-116. Hale, M. E. (1975). A monograph of the lichen genus Relicina (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 26: 1- 32. Hale, M. E. (1976). A monograph of the lichen genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 32: 1-29. Hale, M. E. & Fletcher, A.. (1990). Rimelia Hale & Fletcher, a new lichen genus (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae). Bryologist 93: 23-29. Holmgren, P. K., Holmgren, N. H. & Barnett, L. C. (1990). Index Herbariorum. 8th de. Part Y.: The herbaria of the world. Regnum Veg. 120: 1-693. Krog, H. (1974). Parmelia ultralucens, a new lichen species in subgenus Amphigymnia. Bryologist 77: 253-256. Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981). Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 143-231. Paa i a det, (Neg ouea eh. ee We hewitt) a : RU RETT pene eo & Bain Lib: | ye a bbe i ean ete ro Ra rs « ui ly h. Panes * 1a ) hs co if MYCOTAXON ne A ae Ne ET Ee nL 22) ole alee ee ee Volume LXIII, pp. 57-70 June-August 1997 POLYMORPHISM OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES IN PUNCTELIA PUNCTILLA (PARMELIACEAE, LECANORALES) AND THE DELIMITATION OF THE SPECIES MONICA T. ADLER Departamento de Ciencias Biolégicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Piso 4, Pabellén 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. e-mail 9 biolo.bg fcen.uba.ar ABSTRACT: The ontogeny and polymorphism of the vegetative propagules of Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog, which have previously been misinterpreted, are described with detail. A similar propagule polymorphism was observed in specimens which fit in the diagnosis of P. missouriensis G. Wilh. & Ladd. Consequently, a wide concept of P. punctilla is proposed, considering the name P. missouriensis as a synonym, and its distnibution is extended. Introduction When Krog (1982) segregated the new genus Punctelia characterized by the pseudocyphellae in the upper surface, she placed P. punctilla in subgenus Punctelia, mainly because of the presence of atranorin in the upper cortex and the unciform conidia. Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) had previously described P. punctilla as a saxicolous, isidiate species, with a pale brown lower surface and medullary lecanoric acid. Some of the principal types of propagules present and their ontogeny, were well interpreted in the latin diagnosis: “...cortex..., lobulato-isidiatus, isidiis primo papuilliformibus, deinde cylindricis, postremo parum expansis, decumbentibus, dorsiventralisque, aetate densis”. Thus, papilliform, cylindrical and dorsiventral isidia (phyllidia sensu Hawksworth, 1984) as well as lobules, were recognized as the main types of propagules, but neither soredia nor sorediate phyllidia were mentioned. The isidia of P. punctilla were later described, as follows: 1) “isidia low, papilliform or sparingly branched, with a dull surface” (Krog, 1982), 2) “isidia laminal, crowded, at first papilliform, becoming cylindnical, simple or sparingly branched, rarely flattened, with a poorly developed cortical layer and a matt appearance” (Swinscow & Krog, 1988), 3) “asidia low, papilliform or sparingly branched with a dull surface” (Riefner, 1989), and 4) “isidia... cylindrical to somewhat flattened, darkly apiculate and frequently coralloid-branched” (Wilhelm & Ladd, 1992). All of these authors considered P. punctilla to be a saxicolous species. 58 On the other hand, P. missouriensis (also with pale brown lower surface and medulla containing lecanoric acid) was described by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992) as a corticolous species whose propagules were interpreted as coarse soredia, granular to often lobuliform, sometimes partly corticate and occurring in small clusters of 10 or fewer per soralium. These authors consider that P. punctilla, is “coarsely isidiate..., superficially similar to P. missouriensis”, but lacking the “well-defined soredia” and the “flattened, sorediose lobules” of P. missouriensis. The present work has established that the propagules of P. punctilla and P. missouriensis really display analogous polymorphism and that the perceived differences are not significant at the species level. Material and Methods This work is based on an examination of saxicolous and corticolous specimens of Punctelia with pale lower surface, a white medulla containing lecanoric acid, a grey pseudochyphellate upper cortex containing atranorin and forming secondary propagules, either polymorphic isidia or soredia as the predominant types. In the first group (P. punctilla plus P. missouriensis), only 22 % of the corticolous and 68 % of the saxicolous specimens cited had pycnidia, whereas 4 % of the former and 24 % of the latter had apothecia. In the second group (P. subrudecta), only the pycnidiate specimens (mostly corticolous) are cited. | The collections studied are housed at ASU, BAFC, BM, CANB, GB, H, LD, MOR, S and US. The abbreviated herbarium names follow Holmgren et al. (1990). The identification of lichen substances was achieved by means of thin layer chromatography (Culberson & Ammann, 1979), using authentic samples for comparison. For routine observations with the light microscope, thallus sections were cut with a razor blade, softened in 5 % KOH and stained with 1 % phloxin, or alternatively, the KOH was washed away and staining was achieved with cotton blue in lactophenol. Permanent thin sections (5 ym thick) for photomicrographs, were prepared as described for transmission electron microscopy (D'Ambrogio de Argiieso, 1986) but mounted on slides and stained for light microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was performed with a Joel SEM JSM-T 100 microscope where air dried samples were covered with gold. Results and discussion It was possible to distinguish two major groups within the collections: those with secondary soralia developing only farinose to granular soredia (corresponding to P. sub- Fig.1. Polymorphism of the vegetative propagules in Punctelia punctilla (inchading P. missouriensis): ontogenetic relation of the different forms. Comments and interpretation in the text. Scale= 0.5 mm. 7 ah) 60 rudecta) and those showing a much greater variation in form and structure of the propagules, representing P. punctilla (including P. missouriensis). The various types of propagules in this second group and their ontogeny, are illustrated schematically in Fig. 1. The progression from 1 to 5 shows the pseudocyphellae enlarging without development of propagules. The large pseudocyphellae with a white rim (Fig. 1- 4 and 5), are present in many saxicolous specimens and have been mentioned by Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) and Krog (1982), but are infrequent in the corticolous specimens studied. A feature common to both saxicolous and corticolous specimens, is the presence of cracks, spreading out from many pseudocyphellae (Fig. 1- 6, 7, 8 and 10), as described previously by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992) for P. missouriensis. Fig..1- 6 and 7 also illustrate young primordia of propagules; the stage represented in Fig. 1- 7 is shown in the photograph (Fig. 2a) taken of a corticolous Argentine specimen. A longitudinal section of one of these large soredia or primordia (Fig. 2b) shows that they are frequently slightly dorsiventral, stiff and enclosed within a gelatinous envelope. Fig. 2c shows a cracked pseudocyphella with smaller (younger) “well-defined soredia” in a saxicolous specimen. Small masses of soredia (Fig. 2e and in section, Fig. 3a) are frequently present on saxicolous specimens; they may eventually become larger by coalescence (Fig. 1- 13, 14 and Fig. 2d). Soredia masses are frequently observed on the same thallus where “papilliform isidia”, phyllidia and lobules are present. For example, Fig. 2e shows a “papilliform isidium” growing out adjacent to a small mass of soredia. According to Wilhelm & Ladd (1992): “the cortical pseudocyphellae of P. punctilla, although sometimes appearing incipiently erumpent, do not develop into aggregated proups of well-defined soredia”; nevertheless they have been observed in the corticolous (Fig. 2a, b) as well as in the saxicolous specimens (e.g. Fig. 2c). The larger “well-defined soredia” function as primordia of cylindroid isidia (Fig 1- 15, 16 and 17), phyllidia (Fig. 1- 9, 10, 11 and 12) and lobules (Fig. 1- 18 and 19). The more or less cylindrical propagules (cylindroid isidia), frequently have pseudocyphellae at the tips (Fig. 1- 15 and 16); these are the “cylindrical isidia” of P. punctilla sensu Hale and other authors. The early stage of their development (here interpreted as “papilliform isidia”) is represented in surface view in Fig. 1- 8 and in longitudinal section, in Fig. 3b. These papilliform isidia lack cortical tissue. In advanced stages they may branch (Fig. 1- 15 and 16) and frequently become deformed (Fig. 1- 17). Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) originally described the main types of propagules of P. punctilla as “isidia... at first papilliform, becoming cylindrical, simple or sparsely branched, rarely flattened, with a poorly developed cortical layer and a matt appearance”. Fig. 2. Propagule primordia and soredia in Argentine specimens of Punctelia punctilla. a) Cracked pseudocyphella with propagule primordia or “well-defined soredia” (arrow) in a corticolous specimen (BAFC 37140); scale = 0.25 mm. b) Section of the primordium shown in a) with gelatinous covering (arrow); scale = 200 ym. c) Young cracked pseudocyphella with small “well defined soredia” (SEM ) in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 35681); scale = 100 ym. d) Large mass of soredia (SEM) in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 36082); scale = 0.4 mm. e) Part of an old pseudocyphella with a small mass of soredia (right) and a papilliform isidium (left), (SEM), in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 35681); scale = 100 pm. 61 62 However, the present study shows that whereas the “papilliform isidia” are very frequent, true cylindrical isidia are almost absent and that phyllidia, masses of coalescent soredia and lobules are common. The phyllidia are only corticated dorsally, whereas the lobules have dorsal and ventral cortical tissue and frequently small marginal (Fig. 1- 18) or ventral pseudocypellae (Fig 1- 19b). The cortex of the cylindroid isidia and phyllidia may frequently be poorly developed, as observed by Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977) and other authors. The young phyllidia as shown in Fig. 3c and 3d, can also be interpreted as “papilliform isidia". A longitudinal section of one such propagules (Fig. 3e) shows that they are dorsiventral, ecorticate, but sorrounded by a gelatinous covering. A cortical tissue may later develop (Fig. 3f). In the specimens with propagule polymorphism, it was observed that: 1) the mature esorediate phyllidia of corticolous North American specimens (Fig. 4a) were identical to mature phyllidia of saxicolous Argentine collections (Fig. 4d) both showing similar stages of development (e.g. Fig 3b, c and d) and 2) the main types of propagules in corticolous collections from both South and North America were identical, although present in variable proportion depending on the particular specimen. Only minor, taxonomically insignificant differences, have been observed between the corticolous and the saxicolous specimens: 1) thallus and propagules are rarely brown- tinged in the former, whereas they are usually brownish-grey in the latter (a consequence of exposure to light) and 2) large, white-rimmed pseudocyphellae (Fig.1- 4 and 5) are infrequent in the corticolous specimens, but are common in the saxicolous collections. These white-rimmed pseudocyphellae may become quite large without forming propagules; these could be a result of periods of thallus growth under conditions of low water content (frequent on rocks), which could hinder algal division and propagule development, during the expansion of the pseudocyphellae. Although Krog (1982) used this feature as a key character for P. punctilla, the present observations indicate that the white rim is actually an ecological modification of the pseudocyphellae. Consequently, it does not constitute a consistent, morphological character for the distinction of P. punciilla. It has also been observed that mature phyllidia (branched or not) may develop marginal or both marginal and ventral soredia (Fig. 1- 11, 12 and Fig. 5) in corticolous as well as in saxicolous specimens. These sorediate phyllidia have been called "sorediose lobules" by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992), who describe them as “infrequently simple branched" and as “sometimes occurring in P. missouriensis". A SEM photograph of two unbranched sorediate phyllidia in a corticolous Argentine specimen, is shown in Fig. 5a. Sections of such dorsally corticated phyllidia from a saxicolous Argentine specimen, are — Fig. 3. Propagules of Punctelia punctilla in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 35681). a) Section of a sorediate pseudocyphella ; scale = 50 pm. b) Section of pseudocyphella with papilliform isidia; scale = 50 ym. c) Young phyllidia (SEM) as indicated by the arrow; scale = 0.4 mm. d) Detail of c); scale = 100 pm. e) A longitudinal section of a young phyllidium as shown in d) with thin gelatinous covering (arrow); pf = point of fixation); scale = 200 um. f) Section of propagules (SEM): young primordium (white arrow), young phyllidium (black arrow, left) and mature corticate phyllidum (black arrow, right); scale = 80 pm. 63 Ran Ke eS as 64 shown in Fig. 5b, c and d. Sorediate phyllidia have not been described before for P. punctilla, but are actually common in many saxicolous Argentine specimens, and were observed in the holotype and other African collections cited by Hale (in Krog & Swinscow, 1977). The presence of such in both P. missouriensis and P. punctilla, supports the synonymy of these entities. As the diagnosis of P. missouriensis did not include the type of conidia present (Wilhelm & Ladd, 1992), their precise characterization remained undetermined. Nevertheless, approximately a 30% of the corticolous Argentine specimens studied, have pycnidia with unciform to straight conidia, and in all other features are identical to the corticolous North American exemplares examined. This supports the assumption made by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992) that P. missouriensis had unciform conidia and reinforces the view that this species is the corticolous form of P. punctilla. P. subrudecta is considered to be a species closely related to P. punctilla, as both species have unciform conidia mixed with a variable proportion of straight ones (Fig. 6). The conidia were found to be, (4-) 5-7 (-8) pm long in P. punctilla and (3.5-) 4-6 (-6.5) jum in P. subrudecta. These two species differ only in the type of vegetative propagules produced, namely polymorphic propagules in the former and farinose to granular soredia in the latter. Conclusion The above reinterpretation of the propagules present in P. punctilla leads to a broad concept for this species, as detailed in the following description. Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog Nord. J. Bot. 2: 291 (1982).- Parmelia punctilla Hale, in Krog & Swinscow, Norw. J. Bot. 24: 172 (1977). [Typus: South Afnica, Distr. Bergville, Cathedral Peak Area, 5,500 m, Indumeni Forest, on rock, Almborm 8941, 3 November 1953 (LD-holotype!; US- isotype, not seen)].- Punctelia missouriensis Wilhelm & Ladd, Mycotaxon 44: 495 (1992). [Typus: USA, Crawford County, Onondaga Cave State Park, on Juniperus virginiana, Ladd & Wilhelm ‘15879, 22 December 1991 (MOR- holotype, COLO, F, IML, LSU, MICH, NY, O, OMA- isotypes not seen; BAFC 37223, US-isotypes!]. Fig. 4. a) Isotype of Punctelia missouriensis (BAFC) showing the well developed phyllidia (SEM) in the central parts of the thallus; scale = 0.5 mm. b), c) d) A saxicolous specimen of Punctelia punctilla (BAFC 35680) (SEM): b) Young phyllidia (black arrows) and soredia (white arrow) in young parts of the thallus, c) and d) Mature, dorsally corticate phyllidia, in the central parts of the thallus; scale = 0.5 mm. 65 66 Thallus foliose, up to 15 cm diam., corticolous, saxicolous, or growing over saxicolous mosses, brownish or greenish-grey, closely attached to the substrate. Lobes subirregular, frequently apically rounded, crenate to incised, 2-7 mm broad. Upper surface and margins pseudocyphellate, pseudocyphellae punctiform, at first 0.05-0.2 mm diam., not marginate, at maturity 0.5-0.8 mm diam., often with a white rim in saxicolous specimens. Propagules developing inside the pseudocyphellae, polymorphic: including soredia; papilliform isidia; cylindroid + commonly branched isidia; + sorediate, + branched phyllidia, and lobules; cortical tissue frequently poorly developed in cylindroid isidia. Medulla white. Lower surface pale brown to yellowish-white, usually darker at the lobe apices, rhizines concolorous, simple or irregularly branched. Apothecia shortly stipitate, disc brown, imperforate, up to 0.8 mm diam., amphithecium pseudocyphellate, sometimes with secondary propagules; asci 8-spored, ascospores (6-) 7-10 (-13) x (8-) 10-14 (-16) jm. Pycnidia laminal, immersed, grouped submarpinally on the lobes. Conidia unciform to straight, (4-) 5-7 (-8) pm long. Chemistry: upper cortex K+ yellow (atranorin); medulla K-, C+ red to pink, KC+ red, containing lecanoric acid (major) and one to three unidentified depsides (minor/trace). Remarks: Punctelia punctilla and P. subrudecta are closely related species with most taxonomicaly important characters in common. They differ consistently only in the type of propagules developing from the pseudocyphellae. As correctly stated by Wilhelm & Ladd (1992): "P. subrudecta has farinose to finely granular soredia occurring in large numbers in each soralium". However the present study established that phyllidia and lobules are occasionally formed in P. subrudecta, but very rarely. On the other hand, P. punctilla shows propagule polymorphism where phyllidia (either sorediate or not) are very frequent. Distribution: Punctelia punctilla was first described from South Africa (Hale in Krog & Swinscow, 1977). Later this species was recorded from South America (Argentina, Mendoza Province) by Ferraro (1986) and Osorio (1987) (from Buenos Aires Province). Its distribution is here extended within Argentina, to the Provinces of Santiago del Estero (growing on trees and bushes), Corrientes (corticolous), Cérdoba (corticolous and saxicolous), and Rio Negro (corticolous). Saxicolous colonies of this species are very common on rocks in Cordoba and Buenos Aires Provinces. It is also recorded here for the first time from Venezuela (corticolous). Riefner (1989) cited this species from California, the first North American collections recorded as growing on rocks. The present work extends this distribution within the USA to ten States, where P. missouriensis was cited as being common on trees (Wilhem & Ladd, 1992). Further studies are required to clarify the total range of P. punctilla. Fig. 5. Sorediate phyllidia in Punctelia punctilla. a) Marginally sorediate phyllidia (SEM) in a corticolous specimen (BAFC 37139); scale = 0.25 mm. e) Sorediate phyllidium (schematic), showing the section planes of b, c and d ; scale = 0.5 mm. b) Longitudinal section of a phyllidium in a saxicolous specimen (BAFC 37243) with ventral soredia (arrows); scale = 100 um. c) Tangential section; scale = 100 ym. d) Transverse section, with ventral and marginal soredia (arrows); scale = 50 pum. 67 68 Fig.6. Conidia in Punctelia punctilla(A) and P. subrudecta (B). Scale = 10 pm. Specimens examined: Punctelia punctilla. NORTH AMERICA. USA: Ilhnois, Saline County, on Juniperus virginiana, Wilhelm & Johnson, 22.[X.1988, (BAFC 37237, dupl. of MOR #16619, BAFC 37239, 37241, dupl. of MOR #16553), on Carya tomentosa (BAFC 37225, dupl. of MOR #16566); Missoun, Crawford County, Onondaga Cave State Park, Ladd & Wilhelm, 22.X1I.1991 (BAFC 37223, US, isotypes of Punctelia missourensis), Reynolds County, on Juniperus virginiana, Wilhelm, 31.VIII.1982 (BAFC 37224, dupl. of MOR #10533).- AFRICA. Basutoland: Div. Leribe, Gorge, Kofler, 1.XII.1963 (LD), Oxbow, 2700 m, Kofler, 30.X1.1963 (LD), Buthabuthe, Kofler 3 12 18 23, 1.X1I.1963 (LD), Mt. Moshoeshoe, Kofler 23.11.1963 (LD); Div. Maseru, bank of the Makhaleng River, Kofler, 31.V.1962 (LD), Roma Valley, Kofler, 24.VI.1962 (LD), S side of Roma Valley, Kofler, 1.V1I.1962 (LD).- South Africa: Orange Free State, Div. Ladybrandt, on sandstone, 1500-1800 m, Maas Gesteranus 6547, 18.XI.1949 (LD); Cape Prov., Distr. Madadiele Porter's Hook., boulders at the waterfall, Héeg, 14.10.1929 (LD); Distr. Dardricht, Héeg, 21.11.1929, (LD); Div. Elliot, Héeg, 1.XII.1929 (LD); Natal, Distr. Vryheid, 5 miles N of Vr., on steep rock N. of road, Almbom 8027, 24.X.1953 (LD); Distr. Bergville, Cathedral Peak Area, 5500 m, Indumeni Forest O. Almborn 8911, 3.X1.1953 (LD-Holotype). - SOUTH AMERICA. Venezuela: Mérida, entre San Juan de Lagunilla y Las Gonzales, 900 m, corticolous, mixed with P. perreticulata, Hale 42341A, 24.1.1974 (US). Argentina: Santiago del Estero Prov., Departamento de El Copo, Pirpintos, on Schinopsis lorentzii, J. Protomastro, 11.1985 (BAFC 37152, 37153, 37339, MOR), corticolous, J. Protomastro, IV.1985 (BAFC 37133, 37136), Reserva de El Copo, corticolous, J. Protomastro, 11.1985 (BAFC 37134), J. Protomastro, VI.1985 (BAFC 37135), J. Protomastro, 1.1986 (BAFC 37132, 37137, 37138, MOR), on Acacia praecox, J. Protomastro, 11.1986 (BAFC 37139, 37140, MOR); Corentes Prov., Departamento Capital, San Cayetano, corticolous, L. Ferraro 3110, 18.11.1985 (H); Cérdoba Prov., 9 Km from Tanti on route 28, on rock, Adler, X.1985 (BAFC 37194, 37195), 1 Km from El Observatorio Adler, X.1985 (BAFC 37143); Cerro Colorado, corticolous in bosque serrano, C. Estrabou (BAFC 37248a), saxicolous in bosque serrano, C. Estrabou, [11.1995 (BAFC 37248a),; La Cumbre, Balneario El Chornito, on rock, N. Scutari, XI.1992 (BAFC 37340, H); Segunda Usina Embalse Cassafourth (32°10'S, 64°23'W), on rock in bosque serrano, N. Vischi, 17.[V.1986 (BAFC 37145, 37146) ; Buenos Aires Prov., Partido de San Vicente, Domselaar, Arroyo Manantial, on 69 Salix sp., Adler & J. Protomastro, 29.VI.85 (BAFC 37198); Partido de Balcarce, Balcarce, INTA, on rock, Adler [11.1988 (BAFC 37166), Partido de Olavarria, Olavarria, Sierra La China, on rock, Adler, I11.1986 (BAFC 35683, 35684, 37161, 37162, 37164); Partido de Tandil, Tandil, La Movediza, on granitic rock, Adler, 1.1987 (BAFC 35920, 37163), Parque Independencia, on rock, Adler, X1.1989 (BAFC 37149, H; BAFC 37157), Sierra del Tigre, Adler, X1I.1989 (BAFC 37150); Partido de Tornquist, Abra del Pantanoso Viejo, on route 76, on rock, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37266, H; BAFC 37277, 37278, H; BAFC 37279, 37280, 37281, 37330, 37332), Abra de la Ventana, at the base of Cerro Bahia Blanca, on route 76, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37246, 37253, 37265, S; BAFC 37270, 37271, 37272, GB), Arroyo La Blanqueada, N. Scutari, [X.1989 (BAFC 37154), Arroyo Los Helechos, Adler, V.1986 (BAFC 35680, 35681, 35798, 37147, 37151, 37158, 37165); Cerro del Amor, on rock or saxicolous mosses, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37273, CANB; BAFC 37274, ASU; BAFC 37275; 37276; 37333, 2 dupl. LD, MOR; BAFC 37335), El Pinar, on rock, Adler & Bertoni, X.1992 (BAFC 37242, 37243, CANB; BAFC 37244, 37245, 37267, 37268, MOR; BAFC 37269, S), El Portillo, on rock, N. Scutari, [IX.1989 (BAFC 37159, ASU), Parque Forestal Provincial, on rock or saxicolous mosses, Adler, V.1986 (BAFC 35677, 35678, CANB; BAFC 37144; 37148; 37156; 37160), G. Vobis, V.1986 (BAFC 35679; 35682; 36081; 36082); Rio Negro Prov., Nahuel Huapi National Park, Cerro Tronador, on Nothofagus pumilio, P. Ranta 2023, 29.X.1983 (H). Punctelia subrudecta. EUROPE.- Poland. Tobolewski: Lichenoth. Pol. 220 (US).- Hungary: Bokk Mts., VIII.1967, Fornss (GB 98114); Stomfa, Pozsony, VI.1914 Zahlbruckner & Timké (GB 98126).- Montenegro: VI.1971, Vitikainen 7280 (H).- Slovenia: Volcji Potok, VI.1978, Issakaimen (H).- Germany: Baden, [X.1893, Duh (GB 98120).- Italy: Liguria: Spotorno, [X.1935, Sbarbaro (US).- Canary Islands: Gran Canaria, IV.1975, Krog & @sthagen 832 (S).- AUSTRALASIA. New Zealand: North Island, Wellington, V.1962, Wade 57 (BM).- ASIA. India: Tamil, 1973, Hale 40164 (US).- Indian Ocean: Iles St-Paul, 1874-75, G. de I'Isle (H-NYL 35033, lectotype of Parmelia subrudecta Nyl., by Hale 1965).- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The author thanks the keepers of the following herbaria: BM, GB, H, LD, S and US for the loan of collections; Dr. G. Wilhelm (MOR) for the gift of duplicates of North American specimens; Biol. C. Estrabou for the gift of duplicate specimens from her personal herbarium; Dr. John A. Elix for the revision of the manuscnpt; Dra. E. Ancibor for advices on the anatomical aspects of the work; the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (Argentina) and the Universidad de Buenos Aires for financial support . References Culberson, C.F. & Ammann, K.. (1979). Standardmethode zur Dtnnschicht- chromatographie von Flechtensubstanzen. Herzogia 5: 1-24. D'Ambrogio de Argiteso, A.(1986). Manual de técnicas de histologia vegetal. Ed. Hemisferio Sur S.A. 1a Edicién. Ferraro, L. I. (1986). Contribution to the study of Argentine Parmeliaceae. The genus Punctelia Krog and Flavopunctelia (Krog) Hale. Phytologia 61: 189-203. 2 pl. Oregon. 70 Ferraro, L. I. (1986). Contribution to the study of Argentine Parmeliaceae. The genus Punctelia Krog and Flavopunctelia (Krog) Hale. Phytologia 61: 189-203. 2 pl. Oregon. Hawksworth, D.L. & Hill, D.J. (1984). The lichen-forming fungi. Blackie, Glasgow and London. 158 pp. Holmgren, P. K., Holmgren, N.H. & Bamett L.C.(1990). Index Herbariorum. 8th ed. Part L.: The herbaria of the world. Regnum Veg. 120: 1-693. Krog, H. (1982). Punctelia, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae. Nord. J. Bot. 2: 287-292. Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1977). The Parmelia borreri group in East Africa. Norw. J. Bot. 24: 167-177. Osono, H.S. (1987). Contnbution to the lichen flora of Argentina. XVI. Lichens from Sierra de La Ventana, Buenos Aires Province. Comun. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo. 4(78): 1-11. Riefner, R. E., Jr. (1989). Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog, new to North Amenica. Phytologia 67: 254-257. Wilhelm, G. & D. Ladd (1992). A new species of the lichen genus Punctelia from the Midwestern United States. Mfycotaxon 44: 495-504. Swinscow, T. D. V. & Krog, H. (1988). Macrolichens of East Africa. 390 pp. Bnt. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). 1st ed. MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 71-76 June-August 1997 A NEW CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS AGARICUS IN CHILE. AGARICUS WRIGHTII SP.NOV. by E. VALENZUELA?, P. HEINEMANN?, F. ESTEVE-RAVENTOS?, S. GARNICA*, M. POLETTE? & W. CASTELLS* 1. Instituto de Microbiologia. Fac. de Ciencias. Universidad Austral de Chile. Casilla 167. Valdivia. Chile. 2. Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Unité d’Enseignement et Recherche de Biologie végétale. B-5030 Gembloux. Belgique. 3. Departamento Biologia Vegetal (Botanica). Universidad de Alcala de Henares. 28871 Madrid. Spain. 4. Instituto de Filologia Hispanica. Fac. de Filosofia y Humanidades. Universidad Austral de Chile. Casilla 167. Valdivia. Chile. Summary: Seven taxa of Agaricus (Agaricaceae) collected in Nothofagus’ sps. and Pinus radiata forests, lawns and grasslands of Valdivia (south of Chile) and its surroundings are reported and/or commented upon. Macrophotographs of the morphological characters of some of them are added. Agaricus wrightii is proposed as a new species and Agaricus crocodilinus constitutes a new record for the Chilean mycological catalogue and, according to our data, also for South America. Key words: Agaricus Wr Giei 2, Agaricus, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Nothofagus, Pinus, Chile, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION Fifteen species and one variety of Agaricus L.:Fr. have been reported from different areas of Chile up to now. This is a low number considering the wide ecological diversity of this country, which ranges from deserts in the north to deciduous temperate or subantarctic forests in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Taking into account the previous contributions of Garrido C1335, 1.9908), -Hetnemann ¢1986, 1990) and” Valenzuela “et al’ (L932), the following, List (of. taxa gathers all the. known records of Agaricus up to date in Chile. WZ I. Native Agaricus: Agaricus curanilahuensis Garrido, A. nebularum Sing., A. phaeocyclus var. pucutrihuensis Heinemann and A. valdiviae Sing. II. Exotic Agaricus: Agaricus arvensis Schaeff., A. augustus Fr., A. bernardii (Quél.) Sacc., A. bisporus (J.E.Lange) Imbach, A. bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc., A. campestris L.: Fr., A. mediofuscus (M6O11.) Pilat., A. placomyces Peck, A. porphyrizon P. D. Orton, A. urinascens (M611. & J.Schaeff.) Heykoop [A. albertii M.Bon/= A. macrosporus (M611. & J.Schaeff.) Pildat, non Mont.], A. xanthoderma Genev. and A. xantholepis (M61l.) M611. In this contribution, seven Agaricus taxa from Valdivia (south of Chile) and its surroundings are reported, of which Agaricus wrightii is proposed as a new species and Agaricus crocodilinus is recorded for the first time in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material was collected in Nothofagus sps. and Pinus radiata forets, lawns and grasslands. Microscopic sections of all the specimens were mounted in KOH 5% and water; for the spore measurements of the new species, we have followed the method proposed by Heinemann & Rammeloo (1985). The material has been deposited in AH (Herbarium of Alcala de Henares University, Madrid, Spain). LIST OF TAXA Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Jardin Botanico Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, in lawns, 20-IV-1992 (leg. J. Grinbergs), AH 15254. Agaricus campestris L.: Fr. Pichoy, Valdivia, in pastures, 25-III-1990 (leg. J. Grinbergs x Ss, Garnica), A> 15255. Agaricus crocodilinus Murr. CPi gas) Popoén, San Juan de la Costa, Osorno, on soil under Pinus radiata, 6-1-1992 (leg. S. Garnica), AH 15256. Our material agrees rather well with Murrill's description (1912); we have observed the following characters in our specimens: pilei 5-20 cm in diam., when young white to pale yellow, glabrous, later ornamented with large warts or thick scales disposed radially and more densely at the center; stipe 5-12°x 3-5.5 cm, fusiform-ventricose to subbulbous, with remnants of a collapsed white ring, towards the base with 1-2 annuliform bands, firm, white, turning yellow-ochre; smell and taste fungoid; KOH 10% on the pileus and flesh negative, Schaeffer’s reaction negative in exsiccata; spores 10-12 (-13) 73 x 6-7 Mm, broadly ellipsoid to subamygdaliform, smooth, without germ pore; cheilocystidia 10-25 x 9-12 Lm, clavate; pileipellis consisting of cylindrical hyphae 4-6 km in diam; clamp connections absent. Agaricus crocodilinus is reported for the first time in South America; in Chile it seems to have been introduced with Pinus radiata. On the other hand, Arora (1986) reports that in the United States (North Carolina and N.W. Pacific) it is very common in pastures and pine groves; it has also been reported from N.E. Mexico and Colorado. Agaricus urinascens (M61l. & J.Schaeff.) Heykoop = Agaricus albertii M.Bon = A. macrosporus (M611. & J.Schaeff.) Pilat OSGrCno 7 iti pastures. (19-ILIS=1990 “Glhege EE. )sValenzuela)),) AH 13947. Parcela de R. Salas, Osorno, in lawns under Malus spp. 1-1-1992 (leg. R. Salas & J. Grinbergs), AH 15257. Parcela de R. Salas, Osorno, on soil under Pinus radiata, 22-III-1992 (gegs R: Salas), AH»15285. Agaricus valdiviae Sing. in Sing. & Moser, Mycopathol. Mycol. Applamxzxv(2-3):161 (Fig. 2) Cruce los Tambores, Puente Rio Bueno, Osorno, on soil under Peumus boldus (boldo), 22-V-1992 (leg. E. Valenzuela & C. Ramirez), AH 15259. Agaricus valdiviae is a typical species of the Valdivia area? (South <o0f Chile): but’ 1t has®only been cited: once by Singer (Singer & Moser, 1965) from Chile; on the other hand, Heinemann (1990) reports this species from Argentina (Buenos Aires and La Plata); the same author (1986) states that A. valdiviae is very close to A. cupreobrunneus (M611.) Pilat, A. lividonitidus (M611.) Pilat and A. porphyrocephalus M611., but differs by its flesh and cuticle neither reddening nor yellowing, and the different spore-size in these three species. Agaricus wrightii Valenzuela, Heinemann & Esteve-Raventé6os, sp. nov. (Fig. 3 & 4) BCyMology:: “ineededication sho. sprayed. VER Weight ~ for oehis contribution to the progress of the Mycology in South America. Pileus 6.5-8 cm diam., convexus ad planum-convexun, leucophaeo-argenteus cum pallidis scintillationibus violaceis, tenuiter fibrillosus ad medium cum abundantibus squamis fibrillosis formantibus discum colore castaneo-violaceo pallido. Lamellis liberis, angustis, colore albo ad rosaceum, dein ad leucophaeo-castaneum, devenientes ad brunneus fuscus. Seape vs) “5-1is6roxys0s6-1l cms," leucophaeo-rosaceus)- /pallidis scintillationibus violaceis, castaneo-rosaceus versus basim, cilindricus, basis leviter ampliata, sed non bulbosa, cum annulo supero. Caro albo-cremeo, in sectura rosaceo pallido, 74 demum castaneo-fusco. Odore saporeque fungico. Sporis 4.4- 4.96-5.6 x 3.1-3.54-4.1 Lm, late ellipsoideae ad ellipsoideas, castaneo fuscus (in NHsOH), leves et sine poro germinativo. Basidii 14-16 x 5-7 Hum, claviformes;): tetrasporii, \hialini; Cheblocystidii);li-165..%+9-4.5- 75) im “Chavirormes, Uchiaia mas: Pleurocistidii nwbPic Pileipellis formata ex hyphis cylindricis 4.5-9 Lm diam., cum pigmento vacuolare et intraparietale brunneus (in KOH 5%). Fibulae nullus. Pileus 6.5-8 cm diam., convex to plano-convex, silvery- greyish with a pale violaceous tinge, covered with very delicate fibrils, towards the center with abundant adpressed fibrillose scales which form a pale brown-violaceus disk. Margin incurved to straight, sometines appendiculate with scarce cream-whitish veil remnants. Gills free, crowded, thin, whitish to pinkish when young, later dark greyish-brown, becoming chocolate-brown when mature, edge entire and concolorous. Stipe: (chasse iiao ex 1 OL bl eremay cylindrical, sometimes slightly clavate or abruptly bulbous, pink-greyish, with a pale violaceous tinge, furfuraceous under the ring, with whitish mycelium at the base. Ring whitish, superior. Flesh thin, cream-whitish, pinkish when cut, later brown. Smell and taste fungoid. In exsiccata pileus dark brown at the center, gills chocolate, stipe base with pinkish tinge; fluorescence absent; An x HNOs: negative. Spores 4.4-4.96-5.6 Misa sea ae Luli, fOsii-le 24-1. 4-1 ov uerCl 61. sneer e One ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, dark-brown in NH.sOH 5%, smooth, without germ pore and thick walls. Basidia 14-16 x 5-7 Lm, clavate, 4-spored, hyaline. Cheilocystidia 11-16 x 4.5-7 Wye hyaline, clavate, smooth. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis consisting of cylindrical hyphae 4.5-9 Um diamn., forming a cutis, somewhat uplifted in the scales, sometimes loose, with brown incrusting pigment, either in plaques or diminutely "zebra like" in KOH 5%. Clamp connections not observed. Typus AH 16947, Rebellin, Valdivia, Chile, leg. J. Grinbergs, 13-V-1992, on soil in forest of Nothofagus obliqua. Agaricus wrightii is characterized by the following features: slender habit, pileus silvery-greyish with pale violaceous tinge, delicately smooth-fibrillose at the margin, covered with abundant fibrillose scales towards the center forming a pale brown-violaceous disk; flesh thin, when cut pale pinkish; An x NOsH negative; spores [Q= 1.24-1.41-1.57 (1,61), n= 40], and small, clavate cheilocystidia. These macro and microscopical features place Agaricus wrightii in ,the subgenus Agaricus L.: Fre, section Sanguinolenti J. Schaeff. & M611.; one of us (Dr. P.Heinemann) also states that the new species is close to A. silvipluvialis Pegler (1983), but the latter shows a buffy-brown pileus and longer spores (Q= 1.7); other species such as A. diamantanus Pegler (1983) is also similar, but it has a dark sienna pileus and shows longer cheilocystidia (24-30 x 5,5-7 Um). a Fig. 1: Agaricus crocodilinus Murr. (AH 15256), bar = 5 cm; Fig. 2: Agaricus valdiviae Sing. (AH 15259), bar = 2 cm; Fig. 3: Agaricus wrightii (typus, AH 16947), bar = 5 cm; Fig. 4: Agaricus wrightii (typus, AH 16947), a: Pileipellis. b: Basidia. c: Cheilocystidia. d: Spores, bar = 10 Lm. 76 Agaricus xanthoderma Genev. Rebellin, Valdivia, among grass in Nothofagus dombeyi forest, L=Viw 199) tteg.: ad. iGrinbergs se 2S.) Garnica) je eAnne 44097 Cordillera Pelada, Valdivia, in Nothofagus forest and on soil under Myrtaceae 24-IV-1992 (leg. H. Peredo), AH 15260 and AH LS261). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our gratitude to the Universidad Austral de Chile Proyect DID-UACH S-96-03 for sponsoring collecting trips and the “Agencia Espanola de Cooperaci6dn Internacional Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores", for granting a fellowship to one of us (E. V.) to accomplish his Ph.D. (Doctoral Thesis). Also, to the Consejo Social of the University of Alcala de Henares for granting one of us (F.E.R.) a short-time fellowship to collect and investigate on Valdivian mushroom flora. Lastly, to Dr. M.Heykoop’ for critical reading of this manuscript. REFERENCES ARORA, D. (1986). Mushrooms demystified. A comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi. Ed. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley. GARRIDO, Ne CLISS)t Index Agaricalium chilensis. Bibliothy Mycol. 9Isi Aes. GARRIDO, N. (1988). Agaricales s. 1. und ihre mykorrhizen in den Nothofagus-waldern mittelchiles. Biblioth. Mycol. 120: LeS2 er, HEINEMANN, P. (1986). Agarici Austroamericani IV. Apergu sur les Agaricus de Patagonie et de la Terre de Feu. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg./ Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 56: 417- 446. HEINEMANN, P. (1990). Agarici Austroamericani VII. Agariceae des zones tempérées de 1*Argentine et du Chili. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg./ Bull. Nat. Plantentuin Belg. 60: EP SO ieee ge OH HEINEMANN,P. & RAMMELOO, J. (1985). De la mesure des spores et de son expression. Agarica 6(12):366-380. MURRIL, W. (1912). The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast Did ycologia 4c 294-306: PEGLER, D. (1983). Agaric Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bull.Add.Ser. 1X:430-456. SINGER, R. & MOSER, M. (1965). Forest mycology and forest communities in South America I. The early fall aspect of the mycoflora of the Cordillera Pelada (Chistes, with a mycogeographic analysis and conclusions regarding the heterogeneity of the Valdivian floral district. Mycopathol Mycol wAppiwexhViI( 2-3) 34230510 t. VALENZUELA, E, MORENO, G. & GRINBERGS, J. CARS. SIF Agaricales sensu lato de Chile. I. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid PT ACS 233 MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 77-86 June-August 1997 MYCORRHIZAE OF ASIAN BLACK TRUFFLES, TUBER HIMALAYENSE AND T. INDICUM. O. Comandini and G. Pacioni Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universita degli Studi di L’ Aquila, I-67100 L’ Aquila, Italy. SUMMARY With the introduction, to Europe. of Asian black truffles, sold like Tuber melanosporum, is becoming necessary to get detailed information about their taxonomy and to characterize their mycorrhizae so to distinguish them from those of the European black truffles. In the present research, mycorrhizae of 7uber himalayense and T. indicum, obtained by the inoculation of Quercus pubescens seedlings with a sporal suspension of the single ascocarps, have been described and characterized. The two mycorrhizal types are very similar and only sometimes can slight differences be observed. From a first comparison of these two mycorrhizal types with those of the European black truffles they appear to have a higher affinity with 7. melanosporum than T. aestivum and their related species. Key words: truffles, Zuber himalayense; Tuber indicum. ectomycorrhizae: characterization INTRODUCTION ‘Black truffles’ are underground ascomata with a black and warty peridium. All European black truffles are valuable food. In particular the ‘Périgord black truffle’ (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.), also called the “black diamond’, is the most appreciated in the cuisine. Oaks are the main hosts for these truffles, however hazel, beech, Ostrya, birch, pine and spruce can form symbiosis with some species of black truffles. ; France, Italy and Spain are the most important producers and exporters. nevertheless recently success in the production of 7. me/anosporum was obtained in the U.S.A. and New Zealand. Some black truffles are known to grow in Asia. Cooke and Massee (1892) described 7: indicum from Uttar Pradesh, Northern India, and among the holotypic specimens at Kew Herbarium, a second species. 7. himalayense B.C. Zhang and Minter (1988), was recognized as valid. Since 1993 increasing quantities of Asian black truffles begun to reach Europe and to be sold like 7. melanosporum. Because of their lower prices, they have 78 sometimes been used to produce mycorrhizal plants for truffle farms, introducing a risk of biopollution of European endemic truffle populations. In this study, we report the morphological characterization of the Asian black truffle ectomycorrhizae with Quercus pubescens Willd.. one of their potential European hosts. This is the first step toward the construction of an identification- key that could provide a useful tool for the rapid screening of mycorrhizal types formed by infecting host plants with Asian versus European black truffles. MATERIAL AND METHODS One year old Q. pubescens seedlings, grown axenically in sterile perlite, were inoculated with spore suspension done blending separately single ascocarps. Mycorrhizal plants grew in semisynthetic substratum of vermiculite, calcareous gravel and Sphagnum peat at pH 7.0, and were observed at different times of development. Methods to characterize ectomycorrhizae have been comprehensively explained by Agerer (1986, 1987-1993, 1991) and the glossary of all terms used have been published by Agerer (1987-1993). For better characterization of ectomycorrhizae colour Munsell® Soil Color Chart (1975) has been used as reference. Cross and longitudinal sections (2-3 um thick) have been done using cryostat 2800 Frigocutn, Reichert-Jung. Photographs have been made using optical microscopy. For SEM observations, mycorrhizae were fixed in 4% glutaraldeyd, stored in a refrigerator for 1-2 days, dehydrated through an ethanol series (30-99.9%) and then transferred to absolute acetone and critical-point dried (Balzers CPD020) using carbon dioxide as the intermediate fluid. Graphite glue was applied to the base of each specimen before coating with gold layer 150A thick in a sputter coater (Balzers SCD040). Samples were observed with Philips SEM 505, at 30 kV and photographed using Polaroid 55 film. Voucher specimens are deposited in AQUI (Herbarium Mycologicum Aquilanum) as fixed material (glutaraldeyd 4%). together with slides. RESULTS Tuber himalayense B.C. Zhang and Minter MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 1- 2A) Mode of ramification: mostly unramified but also monopodial-pinnate. In few samples monopodial-pyramidal ramifications have been observed; length of the system: from 1000 to 2000 um; length of unramified ends: from 235 to 1200 um: diameter of unramified ends: from 150 to 250 um: diameter of axes: from 150 to 250 wm: shape of unramified ends: straight: structure of the surface: smooth. loosely long-spiny especially in the outer part of the mycorrhizae, even if sometime they are present also in the middle part. Older specimens seem to loose cystidia. Rhizomorphs absent; colour of unramified ends: amber (10 YR 5/8-5/6): colour of very tips: little bit lighter; colour of older parts: from 5 YR. 4/6 to dark brown. 79 Fig. 1: Tuber himalayense mycorrhiza (bar= 0.1 mm). ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE SURFACE OUTER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 2B) Structure: pseudoparenchymatous, with puzzle-like aspect. Observing single hyphal cells, it can be seen that their shape is rectangular and more or less elongated, frequently ramified, one or more times. Cells are often connected and separated by septa. Hyphal pattern is rather homogeneous: dimensions of hyphal cells: length ranges from (7) 10 to 15 (18) um, width ranges from 4 to 6 pm. INNER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 2C) Structure: plectenchymatous, hyphae are grouped in zones with the same orientation, dimensions of hyphal cells: they are 3.5-4 um width and 15-20 um long. EMANATING HYPHAE Form: they are often very long, up to 300 um and present ramifications angle recto-like,; septa: abundant; distance: 20-40 um: diameter: from 2 to 3 um: thickness of walls: irrelevant, distal ends: bent. ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: CROSS SECTION (Fig. 2D) MANTLE Thickness and differentiation: mantle is 15-20 um thick, a thin outermost layer. 2- 5 (8) um thick, is differentiated because hyphal cells are more compact: cells shape and dimensions: in the outermost layer cells are very difficult to measure. the remaining part of the mantle is formed by cells both rounds or with tangential orientation, the former present dimensions ranging from 2-4 x 2-4 wm. the latter measure 5-12 x (2) 3-4 um. 80 Fig. 2: Zuber himalayense - mycorrhizae (A), outer surface of the mantle (B). inner surface of the mantle (C), cross section (C). longitudinal section (E). 81 TANNIN CELLS Number of rows: 1/2: cell-shape and dimensions: sometimes a continuum layer, 3- 5 wm thick, is present. normal Tannin Cells present tangential orientation and dimensions of 5-11 x 2-4 pm. CORTICAL CELLS Shape and dimensions: roundish or rectangular with both tangential or radial orientation, roundish cells measure 15-17 x 14-15 um, rectangular ones measure 20-35 x 12-22 um; number of rows with Hartig’n: 1. HARTIG NET Depth: 15-35 ym; thickness: 2-3 um: number of hyphal rows: 1: shape of hyphal cells and dimensions: roundish/rectangular, 2-3 x 1-1.5 um. ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: LONGITUDINAL SECTION (Fig. 2E) MANTLE Thickness and differentiation: 15-20 um thick, the outer part (2-5 um) is more compact and cells are not well shaped, the rest part of the mantle is formed by quadrangular or roundish cells (1-3 (5) x 2-4 (7) um) and rectangular cells ( 8-11 x 3-5 um): very tip: presents a very compact structure similar to the outermost mantle of the rest part of mycorrhiza. TANNIN CELLS Cell-shape and dimensions: rectangular cells of 15-17 x 2-5 um or a continuum, 3- 4 um thick. CORTICAL CELLS Cell-shape and dimensions: in the first row cells present a radial orientation. in the others rows are tangentially orientated, 20-65 x 10-25 pm. HARTIG NET Cell-shape and dimensions: roundish/rectangular, 1-2 x 2-3 um. Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 3A) Mode of ramification: it can be both simple or monopodial-pinnate: length of the system: from 300 to 2000 pm; length of unramified ends: from 150 to 800 pm: diameter of unramified ends: from 150 to 300 um: diameter of axes: from 120 to 400 um; shape of unramified ends: straight: structure of the surface: smooth. loosely long-spiny especially on the very tip, even if they can be observed also in the middle part of the mycorrhizae: cystidia have not been observed in old specimens. Rhizomorphs absent; colour of unramified ends: ochreaceus-amber (7.5 YR 6/6): colour of very tips: little vit lighter: colour of older parts: dark brown. 82 Fig. 3: Tuber indicum - mycorrhizae (A), outer surface of the mantle (B). inner surface of the mantle (C), cross section (D), longitudinal section (E). 83 ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF THE SURFACE OUTER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 3B) Structure: pseudoparenchymatous, very heterogeneous sometime even within the same specimen. Hyphal pattern is generally formed by slightly roundish elements with an irregular perimeter and by more elongated cells. Elongate cells are generally less abundant than the others. The general feature of the surface is frequently puzzle-like even if, observing the singular hyphal cell, it can be noticed that their shapes are regular. Spaces between hyphal cells can been observed: dimensions of hyphal cells: their length can range from (8) 10-16 (20) um, width ranges from 5 to 10 pm. INNER SURFACE OF THE MANTLE (Fig. 3C) Structure: plectenchymatous, hyphae are grouped in several zone with the same orientation; dimensions of hyphal cells: 15-18 (20) um of length, 3-4 um width. EMANATING HYPHAE (Fig. 4) Form: they are long up to 300 um, ramifications angle recto-like are frequent: septa: abundant; distance: 25-35 um: diameter: from 2 to 3 ym; thickness of walls: irrelevant; distal ends: bent. Fig. 4: 7. indicum, emanating hyphae with angle recto-like ramifications (bar= 10 um). ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: CROSS SECTION (Fig. 3D) MANTLE Thickness and differentiation: mantle thickness ranges from 12 to 18 ym: a slight differentiation in an outer part, 3-5 ym thick. in which hyphal cells are more 84 compact, and the rest part of the mantle with well shaped hyphal cells, numerous emanating hyphae depart from the outer part of the mantle; cells shape and dimensions: in the outer part hyphal cells are tangentially elongated and difficult to measure, the rest part of the mantle is formed by cells tangentially elongated (5- 12 x 2-4 ym) or roundish/quadrangular (1.5-3 x 1.5-3 ym). TANNIN CELLS Number of rows: 1/2: cell-shape and dimensions: tangentially orientated (5-20 x 2- 4 um) sometime instead cells a continuum layer, 3-4 ym thick. can be observed. CORTICAL CELLS Shape and dimensions: in the first row Cortical Cells are generally smaller with both roundish (17-25 x 20-22) or elongated shape (20-35 x 15-22); number of rows with Hartig’n: 1. HARTIG NET Depth: 15-20 ym; thickness: 1.5-2 um; number of hyphal rows: |; shape of hyphal cells and dimensions: quadrangular. 2 x 1-1.5 um. ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS: LONGITUDINAL SECTION (Fig. 3E) MANTLE Thickness and differentiation: mantle is 15-20 ym thick, in the outer part of 2-6 um, a layer of very compact and elongate hyphal cells are present, in the rest part of the mantle both roundish/quadrangular (1-3 x 1-3 um) and _ tangentially orientated cells (8-11 x 2-5 um) can be observed: very tip: very compact and similar to the outer part of the mantle. TANNIN CELLS Cell-shape and dimensions: very often a continuum layer, 3-4 um thick is present, when singular cells can be observed they are tangentially orientated (15-17 x 2-5 um) CORTICAL CELLS Cell-shape and dimensions: the first row is formed by very radially orientated cells ( 20-50 x 8-15 um), the others are tangentially orientated (30-65 x 15-30 um). HARTIG NET Cell-shape and dimensions: it is not so well observable. 2-3 xm thick. DISCUSSION Ascocarps of 7. himalayense and T. indicum are very difficult to separate on a morphological bases. Only spore ornamentation, that is spores with free spines (7: indicum) or spines connected by a basal reticulum (7. himalayense) should be a clear diagnostic character, however both kinds of spore can be observed sometime within a single ascus (ZHANG & MINTER, 1988). 7 himalayense and T. indicum appear clearly related to 7: me/anosporum because of their spiny and black spores. 85 Identification of ectomycorrhizae at the level of species on the basis of both macro- and microscopic features could be possible. as the Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae (AGERER, 1987-1993) shows. However, not all the mycorrhizae seem to present species-specific features (MEHMANN ef al., 1995). BRUNNER (1991) could not find any significant differences in morphology and anatomy between in vitro-synthesized ectomycorrhizae of the two species Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull. : Fr.) Quél. and H. cylindrosporum Romagn. on spruce. From a macroscopic point of view. it is possible to affirm that there are no differences between Tuber himalayense and T. indicum mycorrhizae on Q. pubescens, but it is well known that macroscopic features can been inconsistent and influenced by aging and edaphic conditions (ORLOV, 1960; TRAPPE, 1967: PALENZONA & FONTANA, 1970; EGLI & KALIN, 1991). By considering microscopic characters, which are the more stable and less influenced (HAUG. 1987; EGLI et al., 1993), probably only the outermost part of the mantle can give little differences between the two species. The surface view of 7. himalayense mycorrhizae is quite well defined: hyphal pattern presents always the same features despite the large number of specimens observed (Fig. 2B). Forms and dimensions of hyphal cells are constant. Rather different is the situation in 7. indicum which presents a very heterogeneous structure of mantle surface. Some specimens have a hyphal pattern formed by a prevalence of quadrangular cells or, in general, by cells with irregular perimeter with a diameter slighter width respect to those of 7. himalayense (Fig. 3B). Even the space between hyphal cells is slightly bigger. However, it is not difficult to find, even in the same sample, parts in which the hyphal pattern is quite similar to that of 7. himalayense. Several of the specimens observed have showed forms with intermediate features in between the two types. A preliminary comparison of the main microscopical characters of Asian black truffle mycorrhizae with those already known for European black truffles (7. melanosporum and T. aestivum with their allied species) (ZAMBONELLI et al.. 1993: GRANETTI et al., 1995a, 1995b,; MEOTTO et al., 1995; ZAMBONELLI et al., 1995) has been done. 7. melanosporum and T. aestivum show a different hyphal pattern of the outer part of the mantle and cystidia structure (ZAMBONELLI et a/., 1993). In fact, while 7. aestivum has a mantle surface with polygonal cells and long yellow-ochreaceus cystidia which form a sort of woolly net around mycorrhizae, 7. melanosporum and allied species, present a puzzle-like hyphal pattern and spinule-like cystidia sometime with orthogonal single branch. On the basis of observations, we can affirm that Asian black truffles mycorrhizae present a higher affinity with 7. me/anosporum rather than with 7. aestivum. Further studies are also required to clarify the taxonomic status of 7. himalayense and T. indicum. The great similarity of both ascocarps and mycorrhizae do not contribute much to shed light on this problem. At this regard. it would be important to collect updated field observations on their geographical distribution and host specificity as well as biochemical and molecular data. REFERENCES AGERER, R. (1986) - Studies on ectomycorrhizae IJ. Introducing remarks on the characterization and identification. Mycotaxon 26: 473-492 86 AGERER, R. (1987-1993) - Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae. I st-7th delivery. Einhorn - Verlag, Schwabisch Gmiind. AGERER., R. (1991) - Characterization of Ectomycorrhiza. In: J. R. Norris. D. J. Read & A. K. Varma (Eds.). Techniques for the study of mycorrhiza. Methods in Microbiology 23, 25-73. Academic Press, London. pp 25-76. BRUNNER, I. (1991) - Comparative studies on ectomycorrhizae synthesized with various in vitro techniques using Picea abies and two Hebeloma species. Trees 5: 90-94. COOKE, M.C., & MASSEE. G. (1892) - Himalayan truffles. Grevillea 20:67. EGLI, S. & KALIN, I. (1991) - The root window - a technique for observing mycorrhizae on living trees. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 28: 107-110. EGLI, S., AMIET, R., ZOLLINGER, M. & SCHNEIDER B. (1993) - Characterization of Picea abies (L.) Karst. ectomycorrhizas: discepancy between classification according to macroscopic versus microscopic features. Trees 7: 123-129 GRANETTI, B., ANGELINI, P. & RUBINI A. (1995a) - Morfologia e struttura delle micorrize di Tuber magnatum Pico e Tuber borchii Vitt. con Tilia plathyphyllos. Mic. Ital. 24 (2): 27-34. GRANETTI, B., RUBINI A. & ANGELINI, P. (1995b) - Analisi comparativa morfo-biometrica e strutturale delle micorrize di Tuber aestivum Vitt. con alcune piante forestali. Mic. Ital. 24 (2): 48-63. HAUG, I. (1987) - Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Mykorrhizen von Fichtembestanden in Schwarzwald. Dissertation. Universitat Tiibingen. MEHMANN, B., EGLI, S., BRAUS. G.H. & BRUNNER. I. (1995) - Coincidence between molecularly or morphologically classified ectomycorrhizal morphotypes and fruitbodies in a spruce forest. In: Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae. Vilberto Stocchi, Paola Bonfante and Marco Nuti (Eds.) Plenum Press, New York. 41-52. MEOTTO, F., NOSENZO, C. & FONTANA. A. (1995) - Le micorrize delle specie pregiate di Zuber. Informatore Agrario 51: 41-46. MUNSELL SOIL COLOR CHART (1975) - Munsell Color Company Inc.. Baltimora (Md.). ORLOV. A.Y. (1960) - Growth and modifications with age of the absorbing roots of Link. Bot. Z. 45: 888-896. PALENZONA, M. & FONTANA, A. (1970) - Influenza di tipi di suolo su tre forme micorriziche del pino strobo. Alliona 16: 101-113. TRAPPE, J.M. (1967) - Pure culture synthesis of Douglas-fir mycorrhizae with species of Hebeloma, Suillus, Rhizopogon and Astreus. For. Sci. 13: 121-130. ZAMBONELLI, A.. SALOMONI, S. & PISI. A. (1993) - Caratterizzazione anatomo morfologica delle micorrize di Tuber spp. su Quercus pubescens Willd. Mic. Ital. 22 (3): 73-90. ZAMBONELLI, A., SALOMONI., S. & PISI. A. (1995) - Caratterizzazione anatomo-morfologica delle micorrize di Tuber borchii, Tuber aestivum, Tuber mesentericum, Tuber brumale, Tuber melanosporum su Pinus pinea .Mic. Ital. 24 (2): 119-137. ZHANG, B.C. & MINTER, D.W. (1988) - Zuber himalayense sp. nov. with notes on Himalayan truffles. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 91: 593-597. MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 87-130 June-August 1997 CORRIGENDUM AND INDEXES (FUNGUS NAMES, HOSTS AND SUBSTRATES) TO FUNGI CANADENSES RES ac ec Hh 0 ir Pa he by Lac ee a Wh oH 8 Michael Corlett, S.A. Redhead & C.E. Babcock Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch ent Pie? Ottaway \Ontarao, "Canada’-KiA0C6 ABSTRACT An alphabetical list of the fungus names mentioned in Fungi Canadenses’~ 1-330 (1973-1990) and an accompanying corrigendum correcting previously unnoticed errors and updating various names and citations have been compiled. Separate host and substrate indexes to the fungus species have been prepared. INTRODUCTION Fungi Canadenses is a series of descriptions and illustrations, of Canadian: fungi. It was issued at beLedular internval Ss sin va wloose . cat. format, ..1n fascicles of ten descriptions by the National Mycological Herbarium (DAOM) of the Biosystematics Research Institute, later the Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research but now the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, Ontario. The first fascicle appeared in 1973. ASC Otel © tives Ov RUIC 1. Canadenses descriptions were published and 88 distributed free of charge to a restricted mailing list of only 400 individuals and institutions, world- wide. The last fascicle published by AAFC appeared in 1990. Following discussions between Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and the Canadian Phytopathological Society, an agreement was reached in 1993 to continue publication of Fungi Canadenses in the society journal, the Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology / Revue canadienne de phytopathologie. The new series was inaugurated with the publication of Fungi Canadenses No. 331, Gigaspora margarita, by Yolande Dalpé in volume 16: 229-330. 1994. Another five articles have been published or are in press. In »L 98.7 an alphabetical), last of,.allurthemiungus names mentioned in Fungi Canadenses 1 - 300 anda corrigendum updating or correcting various names and citations in the first 300 descriptions were compiled by SsAv Redhead: ‘and: CVE. “Babcock and “distripuced through AAFC's Fungi Canadenses mailing list. The 1987 fungus name list and corrigendum now have been expanded to include descriptions 301 - 330. Host and substrate indexes have been added. x We thank J. Ginns, J.A. Parmelee, W.L. Seaman and R.A. Shoemaker for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript, noting errors in the text and providing helpful suggestions. J.C. Krug kindly reviewed the prepublication draft of the manuscript. CORRIGENDUM The following notes update various names and citations in Fungi Canadenses 1-330 and correct some recently discovered errors in the original publications. Previously published references which should have been cited are supplied. No attempt is made here to include subsequently collected specimens although some subsequently published reports are cited. The authors thank G. Durrieu (Toulouse, France), re Watling (Edinburgh, Scotland), Wwe Parmelee, and R.A. Shoemaker for bringing attention to errors and omissions. 89 Nowerd6x Rhizina undulata: reported from British Columbia as R. inflata by Hone (Postelsia 1906: 241). No. 49. Didymella applanata: the correct authority for the synonymous name Mycosphaerella rubina is (Peck) House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 233-234: 30. L920. No. 52... Gyromitra infula: reported from Alberta by Hone (Postelsia 1906: 241-242). Now #053... Sphaeronaemella helvellae: reported on Gyromitra infula from Alberta by Hone (Postelsia 1906242); Wowt36;77'. Chlorosplenium versiforme should now be named Chlorencoelia versiformis (Pers.: Fr.) Dixon, Myeotaxon: tiv 224. 029 7S% No. 84. Apiosporina morbosa should now be named Dipotryon! ‘morbosum | (Schwein...) Fr.) acTheisst “eH. Sydow (MLE: Barr, Sydowia, 41: B.2k DOS Syne Sphaeronaema is the correct spelling of the name given in the NOTES section. Wome ro2: Coleroa rubicola should now be named Hormotheca rubicola (Ellis & Everh.) Corlett & M. Pee baru MyCcOLaxOn, 25 256 LoS G: Noprewse Coleroa robertiani should now be named Hormotheca robertiani (Fr.) v. Héhnel (Corlett & M. Deaebarn, mMycotaxon (252 1255-256. 198Eer., No. 94. lLysurus gardneri: Stone (Common edible and poisonous mushrooms of Ontario, Ontl Dept.* Agric. Bul) S97 2247-48, 0° Lig. (51151939) reported’ Lysurus borealis (Burt.) P. Hennings from Ontario. The correct name for this species and that reported in Fungi Canadenses 94 under the name L. gardneri is Lysurus cruciatus (Lepr. & Mont.) Lloyd, Syn. Known Phall. pL 40. 1909 (basionym: Aserophallus cruciatus Leprieur & Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser (eae S65 1845). raccording to Dring (Kew: Bull. 25> S75-70.08 1980) > Vabysurus* > gardnerr “is ™anorher species known from Asia and Africa. Nome 0. Coleroa plantaginis should now be named Hormotheca plantaginis (Ellis) Corlett & M. E. 90 Babyy My ecotaxon 25) 256.4 L986 Nota Oe Roestelia brucensis: HOST: 0,I should be corrected to HOST: I as pycnia are unknown. No. 142. Phaeomarasmius rhombosporus: this species, currently accepted as Flammulaster rhombosporus, was reported from England and Michigan, U.S.A. by Watling (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 68-71. LO GITias Veldaimga: i (Persooniar 23. .euos1 2) 241986) COonsmders saith) NEO Ibe pean vanretys Flammulaster Carpophiius, (Pros) wBarle var srhombosporusm (Atk) Vellinga. She reported it from Denmark and the Netherlands. No. 168. Peziza badioconfusa: according to Pfister (Mycologia 79:4"6342mdi93:7) 9 ,the icorrect yinanemfor this species is Peziza phyllogena M.C. Cooke. Nowe Ou. Gerronema pseudogrisella should read Gerronema pseudogrisellum. Currently the name Rickenella pseudogrisella (A. H. Smith) Gulden in Gulden, Jenssen & Stordal, Arctic and alpine fungi 1, *p..-17, Soppkonsulenten;,) Oslo: 1985, ‘ts accepted: No. 175. Phaeomarasmius erinaceus (Fr.) Romagnesi, Rev avy COL fe ZNO) i pho os OO Biee ) Gener ICO citation for this name. No. 214. Marasmius copelandi: Desjardin (Mycologia D2 O27 130 taemeoS7.) = reexamined” ithe Eyoeavommer. copelandi and fresh material. He concluded that M. copelandi, on oak leaves, was conspecific with M. olidus and transferred the latter to M. copelandi aS a variety. The Canadian collections cited in Fungi Canadenses 214 and MImshaug 2035. from Washington represent a closely allied species, M. salalis Desjardin & Redhead (Mycotaxon 29: 307-308. LOS) % No. 232. Pleospora herbarum: E.G. Simmons (Sydowia, 38: 284-293. 1985) revised the Pleospora herba- rum/Stemphylium botryosum complex. Pleospora tarda Simmons (op. alates De DOD) s including. sates Stemphylium botryosum anamorph, is the fungus described and illustrated in No. 232. Pleospora herbarum sensu stricto is a distinct species with 91 Stemphylium herbarum Simmons as its anamorph. The type of Pleospora tarda was from Medicago sativa L. from Ontario. NOM N23:9% Stagonospora avenae: note the correct spelling, of \ the..speci fie, yeprshetys here. The teleomorph listed as Leptosphaeria avenaria is currently treated as Phaeosphaeria avenaria (Weber) Ommarirssonss, Arkiv 7f.-Bokenriserwto (96 COs F406, OGr7 s No. 240. Stagonospora nodorum: the teleomorph listed as Leptosphaeria nodorum is currently treated as Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Muller) Hedjaroude, Sydowia Bae o-S0 a T9684 NOW ate Sepeoria tritici: thebicorrectiauthority. for the teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola is (Beret) "Schroter “in ‘Cohn; Kryptog.-Fl. Schlesien Seo tO PeI3” [Nov L894) : No. 249. Sowerbyella imperialis: note that the correct spelling of the synonym is Sowerbyella UnteoLlor, Noe .263- Puccinval’ Dlyttiatla- tune. correct banomial four. Diyetiana 1s)P. gibberulosanschrots.in Cohn, Sekar cotOrew mp iLatl.:, 3. (lL) ey eGo a Loy o. Jerstad (Biv eelees ot o0. 11.950) “nOoced, Loe Simubariey.Or, D. G@pberulosa to .P.: bivyttiana’ and that, Schroter's name was the earliest valid one. At that. “time Jerstad retained Lagerheim's binomial because he was unable to locate the Schrdter specimen for comparison. Durrieu collected a microform rust on Ranunculus alpestris L. from the Pyrenees Mts. Ueype = Location "Tot, Pp. gibberilosa)™. Hennen I(MViGOLOG dau in66.7 02553." O74) hexamined wi Durr ews collection and designated it as neotype for P. gibberulosa and reduced P. blyttiana to synonymy. No. 287. Psilocybe bulbosa: Deconia bulbosa should read Deconica bulbosa. No. 289. Cumminsiella mirabilissima: Uromyces sanquineus should read Uromyces Ssanguineus, Uropyxis sanginea should read Uropyxis sanguinea, Cumminsiella sanquinea should read Cumminsiella 4 sanguinea. No. 298. Uromyces eugentianae: Puccinia halenia in the Key should read Puccinia haleniae. No. 319. Laccaria maritima: NOTES: paragraph 2, line ty Laccaria tridia cata Should read lLaccaria trullisata. COMPREHENSIVE ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES AND COMMON NAMES IN FUNGI CANADENSES 1-330 AND THE CORRIGENDUM Listed synonyms and other fungus names mentioned in the '‘'NOTES' section of each Fungi Canadenses publication are included. Italicized fungus names represent new names, new combinations etc. Names with bold numbers indicate descriptions are supplied under those names. Text in square brackets [] was not given in the original publications. Names treated in the corrigendum are cross indexed to the original number, eg. Coleroa Yubicola,. 92.) 1205) COMM a ase 92; Hormotheca rubicola,. corrig.. to 92... Dichotomous keys were included in a number of Fungi Canadenses publications. These are designated by the word ‘key’ in brackets following the original fungus name and number provided, eg. Roestelia brucensis, 140 (key). Acantharia, 114 shobanlickoyloper,, 7 Acanthocystis longipes, 113 diminutivus, 2 Acremonium, 155 dulcamarus, 3 Acrodictys excentrica, 164 erinaceus, 175 Acrophragmis, 143 flavobrunneus, 31 Acrophragmis canadensis, 143 CULVUS,.” 3 2. coronata, 143 micromegathus, 2 Acrothecium obovatum, 6 notliculus,. 301 pauciseptatum, 34 muscoides, 301 Aecidium, 186 semotus, 2 Aecidium helianthi-mollis, transmutans, 31 25 typhae, 133 holboellii, 47 Aglaospora, 101 intermixtum, 96 Aglaospora effusa, 101 phacae-frigidae, 25 profusa, 101 physalidis, 186, 188 texensis, 101 Agaricus adpressus, 175 texensis f. pallida; 102 arlaus,. a5 Akanthomyces, 151 Aleuria proteana, 248 uNnLCcolor,!:249 varia, 169 Alphitomorpha macularis, 63 Amphisphaeriaceae, 121 Amylocorticium canadense, 45 cebennense, 45, 87 indicum, 45 Suaveolens, 91 subincarnatum, 91 subsulphureum, 45, 91 Anavirga laxa, 183 /Nqaliskexell Yonecl telepaonh» aleal Antennaria pinophila, 132 Antennatula, 132 Antennularia, 114 Anthasthoopa, 65 Anthracoidea, 30 Anthurus borealis, 94 Aphysa plantaginis, 120 Apiosporella cornina, 121 Apiosporina, 84 Apiosporina collinsii, 76, 84 Corny PL2h morbosa,, 93,184: .corrig: to 84 Apiothyrium, 149 Apiothyrium arcticum, 149 Arachnophora, 143, 164 Arachnophora excentrica, 164 fagicola, 164 Armillaria rhombospora, 142 Arthrobotryum robustum, 167 stilboideum, 293 Arthuriomyces peckiana, 307 Ascochyta, 303 Ascochyta citrullina, 303 cucumis, 303 melonis, 303 Ascospora robertiani, 93 Ascotremella faginea, 85 turbinata, 85 Aserophallus cruciatus, COrrag., ta 94 Aspergillus, 315 Aspergillus appendiculatus, 315 brunneus, 315 echinulatus, 315 mangini, 315 umbrosus, 315 ue Asterella chamaenerii, 194 plantaginis, 120 Asteridiella, 161 Asteridiella taxa, 161 Asterina chamaenerii, 194 plantaginis, 120 Ul weOdka,. 92 Asterocystis radicis, 176 Asteromella, 277, 282 Asterostomella saccardoi, 21 Athelia glaucina, 231 Athelopsis, 231 Athelopsis glaucina, 231 Atopospora, 88, 93 Atopospora betulina, 88, 93 taxi, 88 Avena rust, 311 Bactrodesmium, 251, 252, PRO po PASO; Bactrodesmium abruptum, 252 arnaudii, 256 DetwtTecolane2 5 bee 52.026 biformatum, 258, 261 Cediercolla, 25571262! fasciculare, 256 leptopus, 257 moenitum, 261 (key) oblaquum,) 25r; 253 obliquum var. obliquum, PAsye SAMS Si,, Sal obliquum var. suttonii, PHoye sh Pass PGi obovatum, 256, 261 Oopacum, 59 pallidum, 257 pithoideum,. 251). 2527 7261 rahmii, 260, 261 robustum, 167 Spilomeum, 251, 257 7°258, PASS, PAS A submoniliforme, 258 traversianum, 259, 261 Baeospora oligophylla, 217 Beauveria bassiana, 82 [birch ‘tar spot], 88 black knot of plum and cherry, 84 black rot of cultivated Grape Sarca.S Botryosphaeria rhodorae, 21, PLIES Brachycladium curtipes, 185 94 Brachysporium;,) 67107) “108; AL(OVS) BAT Brachysporium abietinum, Iu Of A MIMO S AS MALLOY as» SY AAY/ bLloxamiln sow bri tanna cum O09. 2S Canadense, 122, 129 coryneoideum var. proliferum, 193 dingleyae, 327 nigrums, 69/07, LO S27 noblesiae, 327 (key) ODOVAacUM, 6. V LOS dO On Si, pendulisporum, 109 (key), BG) polyseptatum, 327 solani. 2316 tingens, 226 Bruneaudia sabina, 11 Bulgaria pura, 85 Byssochlamys, 151 cabbage head, 248 Caeoma Aecidium helianthatum, 95 Aecidium trachelifoliatum, 35 Calonectria agnina, 74 dearnessii, 74 decora, 74 decora var. parasitica, 74 diminuta, 74 massariae, 74 pyrrochlora, 74 Caloscypha, 249 Caloscypha fulgens, 66 Calyptella, 202 Calyptella campanula, 202 campanula var. myceliosa, 202 capula, 202 griseopallida, 202 Naetane2 02 Cantharellula umbonata, 301 Cantharellus dichotomous, 301 dichotomous var. brevior, Bi0u! lutescens var. axanthus, 178 muscoides, 301 umbonatus, 301 umbonatus var. brevior, 301 umbonatus var. dichotomous, 301 umbonatus var. subcaeruleus, 301 Capnobotrys, 202; ) 232 Capnobotrys neesiz, 13274201 sessilispora, 201 Capnophialophora, 132, 201 Capnophialophora pinophila, Ie} CATO BIGUS Gyenin@© Oler a6 cedar-apple ‘rust; 137 Cellypha griseopallida, 202 Cephaliophora irregularis, 290 navicularis, 290 tropica,. 290 Unt ORM 2S) 29.0 Cephalomyces nigricans, 290 Cephalosporium, 155 Cephalothecium roseum, 84 Ceratocystis, 132; 537-55 Ceratophorum setosum, 12 Ceratostoma caulincola, 82 melanosporoides, 82 CeECOSPOGay wea Cercospora avicularis, 62 coalescens, 23 handelii, 22 mitellae, 23 rhododendri, 22 rhododendricola, 22 Cercosporella cana, 61 virgaureae, 61 Cercosporina rhododendri, 22 cereal leaf rusts, (2507 3099 SAO aoe s ws ee, Chaetendophragmia, 143 Chaetocypha capula, 202 Chaetomium coccodes, 51 Chaetosphaeria, 123 Chlorencoelia, 67 Chlorencoelia versiformis, COFrig. io. 67 Chitorudaumpy 126 Chlorociboria rugipes, 67 versiformis, 67, Ccorrig: to 67 Chlorosplenium, 67 Chlorosplenium aeruginascens, 67 aeruginosum (as aeruginosa), 67 versiforme, 67, corrig. to 67 Chrysomyxa, 118 Chytridium brassicae, 176 Ghijcyepeska\, . al Ciboria betulicola, 1 FeUCctacoOla,, 318 Cladosphaeria lantanae, 105 Cladosporium, 225,: 247, 291 Cladosporium abietinum, 236 Clasterisporium, 212 Clasterisporium dothideoides, 212 Clasterosporium (variant spelling of Clasterisporium), 212 Clasterosporium caespitulosum, 58 clavaeforme var. leptopus, PASI) COMMOMs 1S, eruca, 59 olivaceum, 245 traversianum, 259 vermiculatum, 58 GlavarwiaysS5emn292 Clavicipitaceae, 151, 153 Clavulina cinerea, 285 cristata, 285 Clitocybe brevibasidiata, 294 umbonata, 301 Clonostachys, 160 Closterosporium claviforme (see Clasterosporium clavaeforme), 257 COCCOGChOTramnubis 92 Coccophacidium fuckelii, 48 pinisvary fuckelii;) 48 Coleosporium, 97 Coleosporium asterum, 218 campanulae, 218, 219, 220 helianthi, 95 terebinthinaceae, 98 COLETOA IS Sian oe 9s8y la4as 120 Coleroa chaetomium, 20, 92, Ey, AAG) chaetomium var. americana, DA 95 cCinrcinans, 93 linnaeae, 114 plantagqiwis,.193 7/120, COnrIGis) CO.120 BODeGtrani— 9orm 1 20r COLELLO tous ialeptetelley, SPI. Sei, wer COMGLG. 4 COmo2 Sporobolus) 93 Colletotrichum atramentarium, 51 coccodes, 51 Collybia, 214 Collybia alkalivirens, 214 Di Loam 5s 7 umbonatella, 215 common bunt of wheat, 33 Coniella, 65 Coniella diplodiella, 65 pulchella, 65 Coniothyrium, 49, 84 Connersia, 32 Gonnersita G1 ls toni 2 Cordana, 34) 246 Cordana ellipsoidea, 246 inaequalis, 246 pauciseptata, 34, 246 Cordyceps plo Cordyceps memorabilis, 151, ILS} Conrelus versicolor. 55 Gopal sabia siz Corticiaceae, 45, 91 Corticium auriculariae, 231 canadense, 45 cebennense, 87 glaucinum, 231 rhodoleucum, 87 subincarnatum, 91 sulfureo-marginatum, 45 Cortinarius calopus, 316 fragrans, 316 Coryne bresadolae, 85 foliacea, 85 versiformis, 67 Corynespora olivacea, 245 Coryneum clavisporum, 245 cupulatum, 245 heterosporum, 245 Ooligosporum, 245 pithoideum, 251), 252 Corynoides farinosa, 153 96 Craterellus caespitosus, 67 Crepidotus, 189 Cristetla conritivs, 285 Cryptendoxyla hypophloia, 32 Cryptocoryneum obovatum, 256 Cryptodidymosphaeria, 328 Cryptodidymosphaeria conoidea, 328 Cryptosphaeria, 227 Cryptosphaeria nitida, 93 leks Orta. By Cucurbitaria morbosa, 84 staphula, 17 Cumminsiella mirabilissima, 288,, Corrig. to 288 Sanguinea, 288, corrig. to 288 Curvularia cesatii, 162 Cyathicula, 190 Cyclodomella, 65 Cyphella capula, 202 Cystoderma jasonis, 317 rhombosporum, 142 Lilacipes; 317 longisporum, 317 longisporum var. DULvUbASCeHS 7 ms ld, saarenoksae, 317 Cytispora (variant spelling of Cytospora), 129 Dactylium nigrum, 69 Dactylosporium, 226 Dactylosporium macropus, 226 Daleomyces, 248 Daleomyces phillipsii, 248 Dasyspora, 110 Deconica (as Deconia) bulbosa, 287 Dematium atrovirens, 236 verticillatum, 4 Dendryphion, 146 Dendryphion comosum, 146 curtipes) res curtum, 146 nanum, 147 toruloides, 146 Depazea nodorum, 240 Dialonectria diminuta, 74 Diaporthe alleghaniensis, 70 Diatrype, 129 Diatrype albopruinosa, 72 albopruinosa’£. coryli, «72 albopruinosa f. ostryae, IP} albopruinosa var. Salrerinaruusne americana f. ostryae, 72 GALCER Aa Ele MH, Fe disciformis var. Macrospora, 72 arserformis Var- virescens, 73 AUB ME Ue phaeosperma, 72 roseola, 72 texensis, 101 virescens, 73 webberi, 72 Diatrypella favacea, 328 Dibotryon morbosum, 84, COrrig. “‘tore4 . Didymella applanata, 49, corrig. to 49 bryoniae, 303 COLnL, 2: delphinii, ~ 132 eupyrena, 131 melonis, 303 Didymosphaeria, 328 Didymosphaeria applanata, 49 bryoniae, 303 conoidea, 328 oloyaigiih,, aLpeal ELC L EUS SS manitobiensis, 92 patella, 328 winteri, 328 Didymosporium piriforme, 14 Dimerosporium collinsii, 76 Diplococcium, 285 Diplococcium clarkii, 285 Diplodia tumefaciens, 17 Diplodiella angelicae, 328 Diplodina citrullina, 303 Discina, 39, 40, 68 Discina ancilis, 39, 40 apiculatula, 40 kortidi, 68 leucoxantha, 40 macrospora, 39, 40 montana, 68 olympiana, 40 perlata, 39 warnei, 39, 40 Discochora rhodorae, 21 VUCCACT, 324 Doratomyces, 100 Doratomyces stemonites, 100 Dothidea adusta 194 betulina, 88 chaetomium, 20 Banuncuuet, =22.6 robertiani, 93 Dothidella betulina, 88 Drepanopeziza, 13 Drepanopeziza populi-albae, 14 populorum, 15 PUNcEVTOrMLsS 13 tremulae, 13 Drosophila typhae, 133 Dryophila erinacea, 175 Durandiomyces, 248 Durandiomyces phillipsii, 248 dwarf bunt of wheat, 33 Eleutheromycella mycophila, SS Eleutheromyces subulatus, 55 Endogone, 283 Endogone ludwigii, 283 mosseae, 300 occidentalis, 283 prsivformmus, -283 sphagnophila, 283 xylogena, 283 Endophragmia;\ +222, 230; 150 Endophragmia bisbyi, 124 cesatii, 162 collapsa, 126 dimorphospora, 129 elliptica, 250 globulkosay 12270027 Tnaseallow ce 5 O nannrekdtia, « TOO 25 prolifera, 193 stemphylioides, 191 uniseptata, 148 Endophragmiella, 122, 130, 143, 148, 162, 264 Endophragmiella angustispora, 123 bisbyi, 124 Drseptata gv 25.9928 | xl62 Canadensis, 122, 129, 130 cesatii, 162 97 collapsa, 126 dimorphospora, 129, 162 globutosa, 127 ontariensis, 128 palvescens; 122,0126@ 5130 subolivacea, 122, 129, SS Ov Ora eo: theobromae, 129, 162 uniseptata, 148 verticillata, 130 Endophyllum, 186 Endostigme chlorospora, 225 pirina, 36 Endoxylina, 227 Endoxylina allantospora, 227 astroidea, 227 Entyloma arnicale, 112 calendulae, 112 circaeae, 112 compositarum, 112 BEremomyces, 32 Erysiphe graminis, 71 macularis, 63 Euconiella, 65 Europhium, 32 Eurotium, 53 Eurotium appendiculatum, 315 echinulatum, 315 herbariorum, 315 TEDEMS ums h5 CUD BUM. SS umbrosum, 315 verruculosum, 315 Eurychora betulina, 88 Eutryblidiella sabina, 11 Eutypa sheariana, 72 Excipula ranunculi, 228 Exidia, 86 Exidia nucleata, 86 recisa, 86 repanda, 86 saccharina, 86 spiculosa, 86 Exosporium, 245 Exosporium biformatum, 258 scolecomorphum, 59 tiliae, 245 Fabraea cincta, 81 conigener, 228 litigiosa, 228 ranunculi, 228 Faerberia, 301 98 Faurelina, 305 Flammulaster, 142 Flammulaster carpophilus var. rhombosporus, CcORrnig. (torpl42 rhombospora, 142), corrig. to 142 Flocculina rhombospora, 142 Fragosphaeria purpurea, 32 Frommea, 306 Frommea obtusa, 306 Frommeélla, 306 Frommeélla tormentillae, 306 Fusarium, 234 Fusarium ciliatum, 74 poae), 234,.°235 sporotrichioides, 234 sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides, 235 sporotrichioides var. mMinws,) 235 Meth Gbublit, BOS. weve —pislat Fusicladium dendriticum, 35 pyrorum, 36 saliciperdum, 247 Gaeumannomyces, 37 Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis;; 337 graminis var. avenae, 37 graminis’ var. tritici, 37 Galactinia proteana, 248 varia, 169 Galerina hypnorum, 133 Geopetalum carbonarium, 301 longipes, 113 Geophila phillipsii, 189 Geopyxis unicolor, 249 varia, 169 Gerronema brevibasidiatum, 294 cinctum, 294 melleum, 170 pseudogrisellum, 170, eorrig.- tos70 Gibbera dickiei, 114 Gigaspora, 299 Gliocladium, 160 Gloeosporium brunneum, 13 castagnei, 14 hamamelidis, 276 populi-albae, 14 Gloiocephala menieri, 213 Glomus aggregatum, 299 Consturceun 330 deserticola, 299 fasciculatum, 299 halonatum, 330 magnicaule, 330 melanosporum, 330 mosseae, 300 glume blotch of wheat, 240 Graphiothecium, 23 Graphiothecium vinosum, 23 Graphium, 180, 313 Guignardia, 279 Guignardia aesculi, 280 bidwellii, 273 gaultheriae, 275 philoprina, 275 rhodorae, 21 nigeolonbalslol., 9° 2 7kS gummy stem blight [of eCucurbuitsly si0s Gymnoconia nitens, 307 Gymnosporangium, 28, 115, alata. sabakiehs = veel eye. alto) Gymnosporangium bermudianum, 140 betheli, 28, 134, 138, 140 clavariiforme, 43, 115, ARS) clavipes 7416 (4128S sss, 140 Gonnersii, 28, 134, 1240 Glopaaitepuleins, ie}. -akeye COBMUMC UML co fuscum, 43, 140 gaeumannii, 118 gaeumannii ssp. albertense, 118, 119 globosum;, 287, (“13577240 inconspicuum, 136, 140 juniperi-virginianae, 137, 140 juvenescens, 139 Nelsons Se els 4a els Sr 139, 140 nNidus-avais,) Usa ess aL Sor 140 sabinae, 43 tremelloides, 117, 119 (key) Gyromitra, 53, 968 Gyromitra ambigua, 52, 53 esculenta, 52 Grgasn52 ,"68 PENA oe, Hosp COLELd. co 2S konkii. 68 montana, 68 Helicobasidium farinaceum, 286 killermannii, 286 Helicogloea, 286 Helicogloea farinacea, 286 lagerheimi, 286 pinicola, 286 Helicoma, 293 Helicoma berkeleyi, 293 morgani, 293 prolvierans,) 293 viride, 293 Helicomyces scandens, 293 Helminthosphaeria ellavarlarum, 285 Helminthosporium, 125, 163 Helminthosporium atrovirens, 236 binum, 4 brachypus, 5.7 brachytrichum, 60 canadense, 129 cesatii, 162 coryneoideum, 191 coryneoideum var. proliferum, 193 densum 183 foliculatum, 60 helleri, 161 hyalophaeum, 162 leucosykes, 161 macrocarpon, 163 maculosum, 161 manum, 147 nodosum, 144 obovatum, 6, 108 oligosporum, 245 proliferum, 193 Simplex, 145 solani 163, 23'6 stemphylioides, 191 stemphylioides var. selva, absyal Subapiculatum, 144 subolivaceum, 122, 129 tiliae, 245 of tingens, 226 velutinum, 163 Helmisporium, 163 (= Helminthosporium, nom. cons.) Helmisporium ciliare, 163 Helotium, 190 Helotium cassandrae, 190 versiformis, 67 Helvella infula, 52 Hemimycena, .177 Hemimycena cephalotricha, e/a: COREUOS ay le) Hendersonia avenae, 239 nodorum, 240 Hohenbuehelia, 113 Hohenbuehelia longipes, 113 Hormiscium, 201 Hormiscium altum, 184 pinophilum, 132 Hormodendron, 84 Hormotheca, 93, 120 Hormotheca geranii, 93 plantaginis, corrig. to 12:0 FODEreLani, 295,06 COLLIE. ute 93 rubicola; CoOrncig. to; 92 Humaria varia, 169 Hyalodothis caricis, 30 Hygrocybe spadicea, 178 Hygrophoropsis umbonata, 301 Hygrophorus;, -178, 318 Hygrophorus agathosmus, 318 hyacinthinus, 318 maritimus, 319 pacLricus . IFLe pustulatus, 318 spadiceus, 178 Spadiceus var. spadiceus fe OGCOnLUS! mene spadiceus var. albifolius, 178 Hymenochaete cinnamomea, 285 Hymenoscyphus, 190 Hyphoderma cremeoalbum, 230 praetermissum, 285 Si baercum, 123.0 Hypochnicium eichleri, 285 Hysterium maculare, 196 melaleucum, 195 100 melaleucum var. pulchellum, 195 pulchellum, 195 sphaerioides, 197 Inocybe, 3 Inocybe dulcamara, 3 Iodophanus, 304 litsketanley.§ ial Isaria fumosorosea, 154 tenuipes, 158 Kuehneola uredinis, 307 Laccaria maritima, 319, COrVnig 4s 'tonsd3 eRe ecalte ay nes ele9 trullisata subsp. Maint amarn S19 trullisata f£. rugulospora, gyal Laestadia cucurbitacearum, 303 rhodorae, 21 Lagena radicicola, 329 Lagenocystis radicicola, 329 Lasiobotrys linnaeae, 114 Lasiosphaeria hirsuta, 34 Lepiota rhombospora, 142 Lepteutypa fuckelii, 101 Leptodothiorella, 273, ° 275; PES PREVON SPAS} AA Leptodothiorella notabilis, 324 Leptographium, 32 Leptoporus kmetii, 174 Leptosphaeria, 328, 239 Leptosphaeria avenaria, 239, COnnig. .cor239 avenaria f. sp. triticea, PENS, coniothyrium, 49 doliolum, 328 nodervrum, 4240) COLL. gs ce 240 Leptothyrium circinans, 14 populi, 15 tremulae, 13 Leptotrochila medicaginis, PAPAS) GAnunieculiw e220 229 Libertella, 73 Ligniera, 199 Ligniera, juncr, 7199 Linocarpon, 37 Linocarpon cariceti, 37 Lophodermina, 195 Lophodermina melaleuca, 195 Lophodermium, 195, 197 Lophodermium maculare, 196 melaleucum, 195, 196 melaleucum var. epiphyllum, 195 OMY COCCL, 6 k96;, 197 sphaerioides, 197 Lunospora bromigena, 237 Lysurus australiensis, 94 borealis, corrig to 94 eruciatus, iCOrrigiunto 34 gardneri 94 corrig. to 94 Macrophoma celastrina, 274 hennebergii, 240 Macrosporium parasiticum, Bee, sarciniforme, 233 sarcinula, 232 Marasmiellus, 179 Marasmiellus alneus, 166 bermudensis, 216 corynophloeus, 166 dryogeton, 166 eburneus, 216 filopes; 179 pachycraspedum, 166 paludosus,) 166; 7213 papri tarus ia. petiolorum, 216 piluvius, +216 ramealis, 216 SenOSPOLUS Wales Marasmius alienus, 215 androsaceus, 179 copelandi,; 214, ;cornig. to 214 epidryas, 213 ft Lopes. 279 OLtduUS:,;, 2a4),. Corrad a Lo 214 pallidocephalus; 179 papillatus). 215 piceina,. 179 prasiosmus, 214 Salalis) scOrrig, (ton214 thous eo umbilicatus, 215 Mariannaea, 160 Mariannaea camptospora, 160 elegans, 160 elegans var. elegans, 160 elegans var. punicea, 160 Marsonia (see Marssonia) Marssonia brunnea, 13 castagnei, 14 Marssonina brunnea, 13 castagnei, 13, 14 populi, 4, 15 Massanacayeen4, © LO4 = LOS: a 06 Massaria conspurcata, 104 gigaspora, 105 inquinans, 74, 104 lantanae, 105 plumigera, 105 plumigera var. tetraspora, 105 pyri, 74 Weim 74: vomitoria, 104 zanthoxyli, 106 Massariella, 106 Massariella zanthoxyli, 106 Massarina, 105 Massarina plumigera, 105 Mastigosporium lupini, 12 Melampsora hirculi, 141 Melanodothis caricis, 30 Melanomma coniothyrium, 49 Melanospora asymmetrica, 313 karstenii, 53 parasitica, 82 poae, 82 solani, 82 sphaerophila, 83 Melanotus, 189 Melanotus caricicola, 189 aati ase 8.9 phillipsii, 189 Melogrammataceae, 149 Merulius umbonatus, 301 Metacapnodiaceae, 132 Metacapnodium quinqueseptatum, 201 Metacoleroa, 114 Metacoleroa dickiei, 114 Microascaceae, 180, 305 Mycroascus,, 53) 51807..305 Microascus doguetii, 180 giganteus, 180 inopinatus, 180 intermedius, 180, 305 101 Longizostris, (1807313 mangini, 305 Meaucoha, a. SiOl7 6305 schumacheri, 180, 305 Singularis, 180 Sordrladuse ys 23 variabilis, 180 Micropuccinia silphii, 98 Deshonciamual | Sys) Microthelia manitobiensis, 92 Microthyrium macrosporum, 10 microscopicum, 10 microscopicum v. buxi, 10 microscopicum var. mMacrospora, 10 Midotis versiformis, 67 mildew, 71 Mollisia ranunculi, 228 Singularis, 229 Monilia, 197 Monilia alta, 184 Monilinia £ructicola, 738s Monochaetia, 12 Monodictys paradoxa, 251 Monotospora biseptata, 125 elliptica, 150 Munkiella robertiani, 93 Mutinus sulcatus, 94 Myceliophthora inflata, 155 My.Cenaygld Sip meLoiSy, wel i Mycena cariciophila, 165 pseudogrisella, 170 EOREUOS A, Selly Mycosphaerella citrullina, 303 cucumis, 303 graminicola, 244, corrig. to 244 melonis, 303 minor var. reticulata, 224 plantaginis, 120 rubina, 49; corrigs tov49 rumicis, 181 stromatoidea, 181 Myiocopron plantaginis, 120 Myriangium, 211 Mystrosporium macropus, 226 Naemospora ampelicida, 273 Naucoria badia, 175 erinaceus, 175 lanata, 175 102 rhombospora, 142 SCixvpi cola. 133 typhicotea,, «kes Nectria decora, 74 diminuta, 74 diploa var. diminuta, 74 masSariae, 74 pyrrochlora, 74 Neobulgaria foliacea, 85 pura, 85 pura var. foliacea, 85 Niptera conigener, 228 Nyssopsora clavellosa, 221, BAD Oat, Crownwrust, oat Octospora varia, 169 Oedocephalum, 304 Oedocephalum cristallinum, 304 macrosporum, 304 Oidium uredinis, 307 Olpidaster radicis, 176 Olpidium, 176 lofepavdalauy, RIG brassicae, 176 cucurbitacearum, 176 radicale, 176 Ladwerecola, . 76 Ombrophila pura, 85 violascens, 85 Omphalia aulacomnii, 113 ealbayeieey, Ps)! Onphal inary (3 770 Omphalina brevibasidiata, 294 demissella, 170 Ophiobolus;, 37 Ophiobolus cariceti, 37 graminis, 37 Ophiostomella melanosporoides, 82 Otidea (=Otidia), 66 Otidia;, 66,7249 Otthia morbosa, 84 Paecilomyces) 151), 02557 7160 Paecilomyces breviramosus, 159 carneus, 152 Cicadae, 151 elegans, 160 LAaArINOSUS) whSen) elle OS IE, wbSs flavescens, 155 fumosoroseus, 154 aqua dhene yes, ally; LAD ACimus Wi teoe, OLS? marquandii, 157 tenuipes, 151, 158, 159 Wiewgaloyeas, abSyal Papulaspora, 27 Papulaspora coprophila, 27 dodgei, 27 qladio var. panasLtwea- -27 iqulopuelsh 2 7/ sepedonioides, 27 Parodiodia amelanchieris, 76 Pemphidium rubicolum, 92 Penicillium, 315 Penicillium elegans, 160 janthinellum, 156 Ts keKessewi, LEE Periconia sphaerophila, 83 toruloides, 146 Pestalotia, 12 Pestalotia lupini, 12 Petriella, 180, 313 Petriella asymmetrica, 313 Sorauiday soaks Peziza, 304 Peziza badia, 168 badioconfusa, 168,corrig. COGS eapula, 4202 domiciliana, 169 fulgens, 66 imperialis, 249 kerneri, 90 micropus )) 169 phyllogena, corrig, “bo 716s proteana f. proteana, 248 proteana f. sparassoides, 248 repanda, 169 singularis, 229 leulcKoiliona, eave varia, 169 versiformis, 67 Phacidium conigener, 228 litigiosum, 228 Panne 228 Phaeomarasmius, 142 Phaeomarasmius aridus, 175 erinaceus, 175, 21737 GOErLug? to 75 rhombosporus, 142, corrig. to 142 Phaeosphaeria avenaria, SOLuLLg, §tO 71239 nodorum, corrig. to 240 Phaeostoma sphaerophila, 83 Phialea, 190 Phialea cassandrae, 190 Phialophora, 34 Phialophora radicicola, 37 Phlyctidium ranunculi, 228 Pholiota, 175 Pholiota erinacea, 175 erinacella, 175 Phoma, 49, 277 Phoma hennebergii, 240 Phomopsis, 70, 277 Phragmiarum, 18) 41, 54.79; 30, BOG stoi Phragmidium alaskanum, 79 americanum, 54 sugelenebhin, 1/8) circumvallatum, 18 fusiforme, 54 fusiforme var. noviboreale, 54 fusiforme var. rosae- aCICulaGiSs a 54 miyabeanum, 18 montivagum, 54 occidentale, 79, 80 potentillae, 41, 306 rosae-acicularis, 54 rubi-idaei, 80 rubi-odorati, 80 tormentillae, 306 Phragmocephala, 150, 192 Phragmocephala cookei, 150 elilrptics 150) 6191); 192 prolifera ul92,). 193 stemphylioides var. stemphylioides, 191, fe VAS Ts ee) stemphylioides var. parva, LIE oe Phyllachora, 328 Phyllachora betulina, 88 Phyllachoraceae, 121 PHyLlOstl ected. 274)" 275 pious, PRIUS), PRN). Pi, BABS BRL 324 103 Phyllosticta acericola, 277 aGicowar) S2a. ampelicida 273 anacardiacearum, 281 brunnea, 13 celastrina, 274 of enaualdlavoveh, | SOs CONGCEnerErean zi, S cruenta, 324 cruenta var. pallidior, 278 Cy pica mceic cumminsii, 278 elongata, 275 gaultheriae, 275 (key), BUS) gaultheriae f£. shallon, OATES hamamelidis, 276 llLelopaulcxersy, 23 Mascimawt wlan 2S minima, 277 Minories multicorniculata, 322 pallidioxn? (28 paviae, 280 pervincae, 282 pyrolae, 7275, 2279 rhododendri, 21 saccardoi, 21 sphaeropsoidea, 280 Stomatwcollan. 228 subeffusa, 278 elmer, Siertaly,, srs) POxrCAy a 26 Weceainuilal , 27s vincae, 282 Vaenteeuley. Ds yuceae, 324 Phy llostictina, 324 Phyllostictina celastrina, 274 cordylines, 324 hamamelidis, 276 maxima, 21 pallidior,- 278, (324 pyrolae, 279 sphaeropsoidea, 280 Physosporellaceae, 149 Piedratayeee et Piedraia hortae, 211 hortai (=hortae), 211 104 javanica, 211 Pileolaria brevipes, 50 patzcuarensis, 50 toxicodendri, 50 Piptoporus betulinus, 55 Pistaivliarday 292 Pistillaria thaxteri;: 292 Pistillina thaxteri, 292 Pithoascaceae, 305 Pithoascus, 180, 305 Pithoascus exsertus, 305 intermedius, 305, 313 langeronii, 305 platysporus, 305 stoveri, 305 Pleiochaeta, 12 Pleiochaeta setosa, 12 Pleochaeta, 12 Pleospora;, “L01, .232 Pleospora allii, 232 armeriae, 232 herbarum,” 232,° 'corrigi) to 232 maritima, 232 Carcdayeorrica., bor232 Eriglochinicolays 232 Pleotrachelus bornovanus, 176 brassicae, 176 virulentus, 176 Pleurophragmium cylindricum, 145 maculosum, 161 nodosum, 144 Pleurotus longipes, 113 Plowrightia morbosa, 84 Pollaceiay 2417, Pollaccia saliciperda, 247 Polydesmus elegans, 183 Polymyxa, 199 Polymyxa betae, 199, 200 betae £f. sp. amaranthi, 200 betae £f. sp. betae, 200 graminis, 199, 200 Polyporus albellus, 174 ferro-aurantius, 174 kmetii, 174 Polystigmataceae, 149 powdery mildew, 71 Preussiaster pauciseptatus, 34 Protomyces xylogenus, 283 Protoventuria, 114 Psathyra typhae, 133 ctyphae! varieirrars, 235 Psathyrella sulcatotuberculosa, 133 typhae, 133 typhae f£.. acori, 133 Pseudapiospora corni, 121 Pseudeurotiaceae, 32 Pseudeurotium, 32 Pseudeurotium rilstonii, 32 Pseudobaeospora oligophylla, PACH po nma ht Roys bie Ge a eet hy; Pseudodichomera, 17 Pseudomassaria, 121, 149 Creraaty, alval Pseudopeziza ranunculi, 228 Singularis) 212289225 (epqalnroylatsl 1/2 Ae Pseudorhizina sphaerospora, 52 Pseudoseptoria, 237, 238 Pseudoseptoria bromigena, 237 donacis = Vey = 25.8 everhartii, 237, 238 obtusa, 238 Sstomabicolay aco ass s Pseudospiropes, 144 nodosus, 144, 145 Simplex, 144, 145 Pseudotis unicolor, 249 Pseudovalsa effusa, 101 texensis, 101 Psilachnum, 190 Psilachnum cassandrae, 190 Psilocybe bulbosa, 287, COPTIC. .COl287 caricicola, 189 Psilonia atra, 5 Puceciniay Js) 89) OS nope Mel, AAO AIS SPAS) Puccinia aberrans, 46, 47 alpina, 78 anemones-virginianae, 262, 268 anomala, 312 araliae,. 222 (key) areolata, 264, 269, 272 aristidae, 209 SYealers Wash (sl eak | aah asparagi, 314 balsamorhizae, 89, 95, 99 bivetranay 2637) 268; Corrig: prot 263 bullae, 19.7 ecubes,, 2K 2B ak Bap Salhehareorla qe 6 Se oa OF ey Zaz campanulae, 219, 220 Campanulae var. novae- zembliae, 219 canadensis, 56 evewaqul(esiioys\ , 0) 7/ codyi, 46, 47 conglomerata, 110 coronata var. avenae, 311, Ba dayi, 204, 210 ditoweae, 2 955 111 dispersa, 310 Giepervsa te Sp.7 trataci, 809 Clay cnesteUskchys, AOS, AWA, 20537 210 epmiewikyey, WS, 9/33 fergussonii, 64 gei, 18 gei-parvifolii, 18 gemella, 264, 268 gentianae, 295, 298 geranii-sylvaticae, 325 gibberulosa, corrig. to 263 Gigeanerspora, 265,272 (key) Glacreri, 77, 18, globosipes, 188 glumarum, 250 graminis, 288 haleniae, 296, 298 helianthi, 95, 96, 99 helianthorum, 95 heliopsidis, 95 hieracii, 111 holboellii, 46, 47 horder, 3.0.. 312) (key) intermixta, 95, 96 shigatebtcy,. Sex) kansensis, 186 karelica, 206, 207 105 karelica ssp. karelica, ZAOGi 20 karelica ssp. laurentina, 20617, 21.0 leveillei, 325, 326 limosae, 206, 207, 210 lobeliae, 220 (key) longipes, 97 longipes var. longipes, 97 longipes var. brevipes, 97 magnusiana, 262 malvacearum, 171, 173 maydis, 302 melampodii, 99 melanconioides, 208 mirabilissima, 288, corrig.-ro 288 Mire he eavso WMOrRelauwewesvat .§ SAS nardosmiae, 110 novae-zembliae, 219 ornatula, 77, 78 Guaicoaia, DOs, OEY, Awo) parnassiae, 19 parnassiaecola, 19 pelargonium-zonalis, 326 physalvdis," 1867428744188 podophyli1,” 288 9289 polygoni-avicularis, 314 polyspora,, BO2 potentillae, 41 pulsatillae, 265) 266, PMS IS), QUA ranunculi, 263 BeCconditita 2 65).es OSs 0; Ba recondstast sp str ieacr, SOS) ruebelii, 78 Ssaxifragae, 208 schedonnardi, 172, 173 sessilis, 320 sherardiana, 173 (key) sieversiae, 18 sieversiae var. sieversiae, 18 Sieversiae var. tatrensis, 18 Silphii, 98 solheimii, 208 sorghi,,*302 106 Siersaseorma sare > Os 2 subnatensy) LS 8209s 2107 314 Swertiae, 298 syngenesiarum, 110 thlaspeos, 47 trautvetteriae, 266, 268 treleasiana, 267, 268 (rea wsh@stiaysys SHO). Slab Oey) Bhalky tumidipes, 188 (key) ULEGiINOSanL9 Wacleysyeislisy yake! ustalis, 268 (key) vernoniae, 97 viguierae, 95 violae, 78 violae ssp. violae, 75 violae ssp. americana, 75 violae-glabellae, 78 Saccoblastia, 286 Saccoblastia farinacea, 286 pinicola, 286 Saccothecium corni, 121 Sarcoscypha imperialis, 249 Scedosporium, 313 Schizophyllum commune, 42 Sciniatosporium, 222 dothideoides, 212 Sclerocystis rubiformis, 284 Sclerotinia, 90 Sclerotinia kerneri, 90 Scopinelia,* 82," 6s Scopinella barbata, 82, 83 Caulaneola, 182),0°83 solani, 82 (key) sphaerophila, 82, 83, 84 Scopulariopsis, 180,77 305 Seimatosporium, 212 Selenophoma bromigena, 237 volkartiana, 210 (key) waldsteiniae, 18 xanthifoliae, 95, 96 xant hitay, (9/57 "9/9 zeae, 302 Pucciniastrum, 297 Pucciniastrum alaskanum, 297 americanum, 307 are tecumess OW beringianum, 297 gentianae, 297 Pythium, 329 Radulomyces sibiricus, 230 Ramularia, 23 Ramularia arnicalis, 112 coalescens, 23 mitellae, 23 mitellae var. heucherae, 2S virgaureae, 61 Rehmiodothis betulina, 88 Rivzina Intlatay eG corrrg. BOM LG undulata; (16,. 39.cornig: jee). AS Rhizophagites butleri, 299 Rhizophydium granulosporum, 29 Rickenella mellea, 170 pseudogrisella, corrig. to LO Roestelia brucensis, 140 (key)! (COorrigq teo> L420 donacis var. stomaticola, 238 Selenosporella, 129, 162, 164 Septogloeum saliciperdum, 247 Septonemayaerum, ss dichaenoides, 184 exile, 183 hormiscium, 185 nitidum, 184 rude, 185 Septoria, 239 Septoria agrestis, 242 agropyri, 242 avenae, 239 avenae f. sp. avenae, 239 avenae f.. -sp..,CPieicea, PES) bromi, 241 bromi var. elymina, 241, 242 bromi var. phalaricola, 241 bromi. var. septulata, 241 bromicola, 241 bromigena, 237 curtiSiana, 244 Cyt us1 239 elymi, 241, 242, 243 elymi f£. elymina, 242 elymicola, 242 glumarum, halophila, Noles. 240 infuscans, jaculella, 240 243 242 241 Munvina,) 243 nodorum, 240 oxyspora, pacifica, Zou 242 passerinii, 243 phyllachoroides, 239 smithiana, ErVevel, 24372447 corrig- to 244 isaeaviesiielal, ak, \Greniiesichl seve, 244 silver-scurf Sowerbyella, 241 sp. avenae, iifoyll kalvexoy fey of potato, 249 Sowerbyella imperialis, cOnrmuig: to 249 UnVCcoVvon, Spadicoides, 249 4 Spadicoides atra, 5 bina, 4, 9 canadensis, 9 carpatica, grovei, 4, 285 Uf KLOEZSChud e145) 2S obovata, 6, 8 xylogena, 285 speckled leaf blotch of barley, 243 speckled leaf blotch of wheat, 244 Sphaerella adusta, 194 bryoniae, 303 cehiitorospora, 225 GHicraeyllilaieyer, shock effusa, 194 inaequalis, 35 melonis, 303 rhodorae, rubina, 49 21 Hume 18a Sphaeria, 197 Sphaeria agnina, 74 albopruinosa, 72 bryoniae, Cariceti, 303 37 chlorospora, 225 colMaine aay, 76 244 236 249, 107 (exeyaigal, .. Wal cucurbitacearum, 303 decora, 74 auekweds 2114 geraniz, 93 gigaspora, 105 helvellae, 53 herbarum, 232 lgaligichohecy, ales inquinans, 104 morbosa, 84 profusa, 101 rumicis, 181 subulata, 55 cepa. QQ virescens, 73 Sphaeronaema (as Sphaeronema), 84 Sphaeronaema helvellae, 53 subulatum, 55 Sphaeronaemella, 53, 55 Sphaeronaemella fimicola, 53 helvellae, 52, 53 (key), COrrig.. co. 53 raphani, 53 spermosphaerici, 53 subulata, 55 Sphaeropsis minima, 277 Sphaerotheca ferruginea, 63 humuli, 63 macularis, 63 Spicariascarnea, 1S2 longipes, 153 pulvinatays. 1153 violacea, 157 Spilocaea, 291 Spilocaea pomi, 35 Spilosticta rumicis,, 182 Spiropes, 161 Spiropes guareicola, 161 helleri, 161 Spondylocladiella botryoides, 285 Spondylocladium, 4 Spondylocladium atrovirens, ISS). ZENS fumosum 4, 8 Sporidesmium, 185, 304 Sporidesmium adscendens, 185 brachypus, 57 deightonii, 57 fasciculare, 256 108 foliculatum, 60 harknessii, 59 hormiscioides, 58 hyalophaeum, 162 larvatum, 59 olivaceum, 245 Spilomeum, 257 vagum, 185 Sporocybe sphaerophila, 83 Sporodesmium (alternate spelling for Sporidesmium), 304 Sporodesmium macrochaeta, 304 Sporotrichum poae, 234 spur blight of raspberry, 49 COLE wucO uso Stachylidium, 4 Stachylidium bicolor, 4 fumosum, 4 Stagonospora, 239, 240 Stagonospora arenaria, 239, 240 avenae, 239, 240, corrig. ie) Sh) avenae f. sp. avenae, 239 avenae f. sp. triticea, 239, 244 hennebergi, 240 nodorum, 239, 240, 244, COnpri gd. stor 240 tritici £f. sp. avenae, 244 Eritien.£ ssp. holes. 1244 jcneatieatieng Aigcpe se lwevilalvexoulicy-. ayei7l Steganosporium, 103 Steganosporium acerinum, NA, TOs! cellulosum, 103 cellulosum var. majus, 102 OVacUun i) Oe eLOS pyriforme, 103 pyriforme. var’. majus, -102 Stemphyliumy..232, 232 Stemphylium botryosum, 232, COPEIG 7 *cO232 globuliferum, 232 herbarum, -comnig. 1to 232 Sarcini forme), 233 Crigiochinicotays 252 vesicarium, 232 Stigmatea robertiani, 93 rubicola, 92 LFUMLCLS, LBL Stigmina, 167 Stigmina compacta, 212 dothideoides, 212 robusta, 167 Stilbospora ovata, 103 Strasseria japonica, 274 vincae, 282 Stypinella killermannii, 286 Stysanus stemonites, 100 tache argentée, 236 Taeniola alta, 184 Taeniolella, 183 Taeniolella alta, 184 bilgramia, 2233 dichotoma, 183 exilis, 183 Lodi sae s5 Talaromyces, 151 target spot of red clover, 2353 Teratosperma, 143 Thaxteriella pezizula, 293 Thermoascus, 151 Therrya, 48 Therrya fuckelii, 48 Thyridaria texensis, 101 Thyrionectria pyrrochlora, 74 Thyrospora sarciniforme, 233 Tilletia, 33 Tilletia brevifaciens, 33 caries, 33 controversa, 33 Titaeosporina tremulae, 13, 14 Torrubiella gonylepticida, 153 pulvinata 353 Torula alnea, 184 alta, 184 Erect DUStRE4s Tremella clavariaeformis, akalls sabinae, 43 Trichobasis balsamorhizae, 89 wyethiae, 89 Trichocladium moenitum, 261 opacum, 256 tricholomayr 3! Tricholoma albobrunneum, 31 s\Ohatsiahesmuina, 9 oak batschia,) 31 californicum,, 31 flavobrunneum, 31 fulvum, 31(key) pessundatum, 31 pessundatum var. montanum, 31 populinum, 31 subannulatum, 31 subpessundatum, 31 transmutans, 31 tridentinum, 31 ustaloides, 31 Trichosporum hortae, 211 hortai (=hortae), 211 Trichothecium roseum, 84 iMeielaensoks) k(0)(s) Trichurus cylindricus, 100 gorgonifer, 100 spiralis, 100 terrophilus, 100 Trimmatostroma, 184 Triphragmium clavellosum, DXA Tripospermum, 132 Troposporella fumosa, 293 Tryblidium sabinum, 11 Tubeufia helicoma, 293 Tylopilus felleus, 44 plumbeoviolaceus, 44 rubrobrunneus, 44 BVO ket pone 9 Typhula thaxteri, 292 Tyromyces, 174 Tyromyces chioneus, 174 kmetii, 174 Uberispora, 143 Uredo, 297 Uredo alaskana, 297 beringiana, 1297, 298 conglomerata, 110 cupressicola, 118 gentianae, 295, 297 gentianae-formosanae, 297 geranii, 326 obtusa, 306 ULGCYSELS 02 7 Upocystis gliadioly,, 27 WrONVCeSi 2 OSimre LOL 269), Baa 6 Uromyces acuminatus, 203, 109 ZO A eZ Sy 210 acuminatus var. steironematis, 203 apiosporus, 203 carneus, 26a,b eugentianae, 298 (key) gentianae, 298 Geran, a2 570 326 hordei, 312 jsUneL, 95 lapponicus, 25 lapponicus var. lapponicus, 26a,b lapponicus var. oxytropis, 26a,b peckianus, 209, 314 phacae-frigidae, 25, 26a,b pisi, 24 polygoni, 314 polygoni-avicularis, 314 punctatus, 24 Sanguineus, 288, corrig. Ee) Paes! Silphii,.-98 speciosus, 298 Strlatus ma toxicodendri, 50 Uropyxis mirabilissima, 288, SOLrIG Lo 288 Sanguinea, 288, corrig. to 288 Ustilago pinguiculae, 198 Valsa, 129 Valsa albopruinosa, 72 ambiens, 129 roseola, 72 virescens, 73 Valsaria, 227 Valsaria allantospora, 227 LAS lV oi Ven turdan leds OA 2236 PX ORE PAP Se, COAT IES axe Toh Venturia adusta, 194 asperata, 291 asteromorpha, 194 canadensis, 181, 182 carpophila, 291 chilorespota, m2233 9224. 2255 8247. chlorospora var. canescens, 225 110 ollie cake, bale! helvetica, 225 tnasquates,) 55, 56, 291 macularis, 247 maculiformis, 194 Mmicrospora, 223 IMewablas BAS) Dae BOS Avy DiLiNanes On re. TUM Sem Cele meso saliciperda, 247 (key) Subcutanea, 223, 224, 225, 247 Venturiaceae, 76, 88 Vermicularia atramentaria, Syl Verticicladiella, 129 Verticillium, 104 Verticillium dahliae, 104 Marquandii, 157 Viennotidia raphani, 53 spermosphaerici, 53 Wardomyces, 180 Wardomycopsis, 180 Wettsteiniella robusta, 167 Xenasmatella filicina, 230 Xenodochus, 308 Xenodochus carbonarius, 308 minor, 308 Xylaria, 149 Xylariaceae, 121 Xyloma betulina, 88 HOST LIST Fungus species designated with an asterix [*] had been reported in Fungi Canadenses 1 - 330 to occur on particular hosts in other countries but had not been reported from Canada on these hosts. In the case of some Agaricales, mycorrhizal and other fungi, suspected, presumed or unconfirmed plant associations [designated with a ?] are included here, i.e., fungus species known only from the rhizosphere of or from soil near specific plants. Abies Amylocorticium cebennense Bactrodesmium betulicola Bactrodesmium cedricola Cordana pauciseptata Marasmiellus filopes Paecilomyces farinosus ?Peziza phyllogena Phyllosticta multicorniculata Sclerotinia kerneri Sporidesmium larvatum Taeniolella rudis Acer ?Amylocorticium cebennense Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium nigrum Calonectria decora Cordana pauciseptata Endophragmiella bisbyi Endophragmiella collapsa Endophragmiella subolivacea Endoxylina allantospora Flammulaster rhombosporus Helminthosporium velutinum ?Hygrocybe spadicea Massaria inquinans Neobulgaria pura Oedocephalum cristallinum Paecilomyces farinosus Peziza varia Phyllosticta minima Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides atra Sporidesmium foliculatum Steganosporium acerinum Steganosporium ovatum ?Tylopilus rubrobrunneus Achillea ?Laccaria maritima Aegilops bY Crb MALE Clergubaloeepe aus; A020) AUahss ESCA VaaLE) (Setleskesig el IlIh; alee (also Thalictrum) Aesculus Phyllosticta sphaeropsoidea Agrimonia Sphaerotheca macularis X Agrohordeum Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Agropyron Erysiphe graminis Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Polymyxa graminis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Piickealiouiel Chepekaheopa miley ING acieae Septoria elymi Agrostis Gaeumannomyces graminis var. EvTe1 Cy Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Allium Glomus constictum Petriella sordida Sclerocystis rubiformis Alnus Bactrodesmium biformatum ?Cystoderma lilacipes Endophragmiella angustispora Endophragmiella collapsa Endophragmiella pallescens 111 Flammulaster rhombosporus Helminthosporium velutinum Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides klotzschii Sporidesmium foliculatum Sporidesmium hormiscioides Taeniolella alta Althaea Puccinia malvacearum III Amaranthus Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Polymyxa betae Ambrosia Olpidium brassicae Puccinia xanthii III Amelanchier Apiosporina collinsii Calonectria decora Gymnosporangium clavariiforme 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,1 (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium inconspicuum 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium nelsonii 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium nidus-avis 0,I (also Juniperus) Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Anaphalis Didymosphaeria conoidea ?Sclerocystis rubiformis Anchusa *Puccinia recondita 0,I (also Secale) Androsace Puccinia volkartiana III Wiz Anemone Puccinia anemones-virginianae iC gee Puccinia gigantispora 0,I,III Puccinia pulsatillae III Anthemis Olpidium brassicae Lagena radicicola Aphyllophorales (fungi) Piplococcium clarkii Arabidopsis Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also Paste as)) Arabis Puccinia holboellii 0O,III Aralia Nyssopsora clavellosa III Araucaria Phyllosticta acicola Arbutus Amylocorticium cebennense Arctagrostis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Arctium Olpidium brassicae Scopinella solani Arnica Didymella delphinii Entyloma arnicale Pucciniva arn Cala Suet ly tT Aronia (=Photinia) Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,I (also Juniperus) Artemisia ?Glomus aggregatum ?Glomus constrictum Asclepias ?Glomus aggregatum Asparagus Glomus aggregatum Glomus mosseae Sclerocystis rubiformis Aster Cercosporella virgaureae Asteridiella (fungi) Spiropes helleri Astragalus Uromyces lapponicus var. lapponicus (O07 D721 Uromyces phacae-frigidae III Uromyces punctatus li wiim (also Euphorbia) Athyrium ?Pseudobaeospora pillodii Avena Dendryphion nanum Erysiphe graminis Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides ?Glomus constrictum Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Puccinia coronata var. avenae II, III (also Rhamnus) Stagonospora avenae Balsamorhiza Puccinia balsamorhizae OF ee eed: Beckmannia Erysiphe graminis Beta Lagena radicicola Petriella sordida Polymyxa betae Betula Atopospora betulina Bactrodesmium betulicola Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium nigrum Brachysporium obovatum Ciboria betulicola Cordana pauciseptata ?Cortinarius calopus ?Cystoderma lilacipes Diaporthe alleghaniensis Discina korfii Endophragmiella biseptata Helminthosporium velutinum Neobulgaria pura Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides atra Sporidesmium foliculatum Taeniolella exilis ?Tricholoma fulvum Tyromyces kmetii Bidens Olpidium brassicae Blasia (liverwort) Rickenella pseudogrisella Brassica Dendryphion nanum Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Paecilomyces variotii Pleospora tarda Bromus Fusarium poae Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Pseudoseptoria bromigena Septoria bromi Stagonospora nodorum Buxus Microthyrium macrosporum Cakile ?Glomus constrictum Calamovilfa ?Glomus aggregatum ?Glomus constrictum Caltha 1413 Puccinia areolata 0,I,I1I,I1II Puccinaay Calehacw Ones ters late Puccinia calthicola Oy JG, ahey HE AEE Puccinia gemella III Puccinia treleasiana III Campanula Coleosporium campanulae Pie ten (ais oOmP ants) Puccinia campanulae III Capsella Lagena radicicola Capsicum Colletotrichum coccodes Petriella sordida Carex Calyptella capula Melanodothis caricis Melanotus caricicola Mycena cariciophila Olpidium brassicae Puccinia karelica ssp. karelica II,III (also Trientalis) Puccinia karelica ssp. laurentina I1I,IIT (also Trientalis) Puccinia limosae II,III (also 114 Lysimachia) Carpinus Diatrype albopruinosa Carya Bactrodesmium obovatum Endophragmiella cesatii Phragmocephala stemphylioides var. parva Celastrus Bactrodesmium betulicola Bactrodesmium pithoideum Cephalanthus ?Massaria lantanae Cerastium Lagena radicicola Chamaedaphne Marasmiellus paludosus Psilachnum cassandrae Chenopodium Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Polymyxa betae Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also Distichiis) Chimaphila Phyllosticta pyrolae Chrysanthemum Petriella sordida Cirsium Calyptella capula Cladonia/Cladina (lichenized fungi) ?Cortinarius calopus Clavarila? (seleje(fung?) Eleutheromyces subulatus Collomia Sphaerotheca macularis Cornus Helminthosporium velutinum Pseudomassaria corni Corylus Diatrype albopruinosa Helicogloea farinacea Helminthosporium velutinum Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Pseudospiropes nodosus Cotoneaster Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,I (also Juniperus) Crataegus Gymnosporangium betheli 0,1 (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium clavariiforme 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium connersii 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium globosum 0,1 (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium inconspicuum 0,I (also Juniperus) Crocus Papulaspora sepedonioides Cucumis Didymella bryoniae Petriella sordida Cucurbita Colletotrichum coccodes Didymella bryoniae Cucurbitaceae Didymella bryoniae Cydonia Gymnosporangium clavariiforme 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,I (also Juniperus) Cytisus Helminthosporium velutinum Pleiochaeta setosa Cytospora (fungi) Endophragmiella pallescens Dactylas Erysiphe graminis Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Dahlia Dendryphion nanum Daucus Olpidium brassicae Delphinium *Didymella delphinii Deschampsia Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Diapensia Apiothyrium arcticum Diatrype (fungi) Endophragmiella subolivacea Dibotryon morbosum (fungi) Scopinella sphaerophila Digitaria Olpidium brassicae Dist veh las Puccinia subnitens II,III (also Glaux) Dodecatheon Sereasiel Cheiceiastsl OW), ae tie, alabaL Uromyces acuminatus 0,I (also Spartina) 145 Draba Puccinia holboellii 0O,III Dryas Marasmius epidryas Echinochloa Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Elymus Erysiphe graminis Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides ?Glomus aggregatum ?Glomus constrictum ?Laccaria maritima Pseudoseptoria stomaticola POO Saeliysy (Gieresaieenanalsy 130 4 WILT Septoria elymi Bi veaigaa SAGs Giermabaigera ere ALG, AL ILAL Empetrum ?Cortinarius calopus ?Cystoderma lilacipes Marasmiellus paludosus Epilobium Venturia adusta Equisetum (Calamophyta) ?Cortinarius calopus Erigeron Cercosporella virgaureae Eriophorum ?Laccaria maritima Erysimum Olpidium brassicae Puccinia holboellii 0O,III Euonymus Phyllosticta celastrina Euphorbia 116 ?Glomus constrictum *Uromyces punctatus 0,I (also Astragalus, Oxytropis) Fagopyrum Lagena radicicola Fagus Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium nigrum Diatrype albopruinosa Diatrype virescens Neobulgaria pura Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides grovei Spadicoides obovata Sporidesmium foliculatum ?Tylopilus rubrobrunneus Festuca Dendryphion nanum ?Laccaria maritima Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Filipendula Sphaerotheca macularis Fragaria ?Glomus aggregatum ?Glomus constrictum ?Sclerocystis rubiformis Fraxinus Brachysporium nigrum Pseudospiropes simplex Gaillardia Stigmina dothideoides Galeopsis Didymosphaeria conoidea Gaultheria Marasmium salalis Phyllosticta gaultheriae Gaylussacia Marasmiellus paludosus Gentiana Puccinia gentianae HO) ede ABE ICME AL Uredo beringiana II Gentianella Uromyces eugentianae II,*III Geranium Hormotheca robertiani Puccinia leveillei III Sphaerotheca macularis Uromyces geranii 0,I1,II,I1II Geum Puccinia Uusbanis LLL Sphaerotheca macularis Gladiolus Papulaspora sepedonioides Glaux Puceciniatdistach aise Orn (also Spartina) Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also Dau Seale ubalss}); Gleditsia *Aglaospora profusa Glycine Dendryphion nanum ?Glomus constrictum ?Glomus mosseae Petriella sordida Gnaphalium Olpidium brassicae Gyromitra (fungi) Sphaeronaemella helvellae Halenia Puccinia haleniae III Hamamelis Phyllosticta hamamelidis Helianthus Papulaspora sepedonioides PUceCInLay Nel antivi.. 0), ee Leek Hieracium ?Glomus aggregatum Hierochloe Erysiphe graminis Stagonospora nodorum Hordeum Erysiphe graminis Eurotium echinulatum Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Polymyxa graminis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Pucecimua hordei, Ii, 1it (also Ornithogalum) PUCCINI amSe Lis toOrmni-S a hile tole Septoria passerinii Stagonospora nodorum Humulus Sphaerotheca macularis Hyphoderma (fungi) Diplococcium clarkii Iberis Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also Distichlis) Impatiens Lagena radicicola Iris PUCCU AMCs Lhe Iva PUCCIN Vas nrernmiExtanO;k WEE Juncus Melanotus caricicola Juniperus Eutryblidiella sabina Gymnosporangium betheli III (also Crataegus) LD, Gymnosporangium clavariiforme III (also Amelanchier, Crataegus, Cydonia, Pyrus) Gymnosporangium clavipes III (also Amelanchier, Aronia, CoOLROneCASPerE a Cravaegus, Cydonia, Malus, Sorbus) Gymnosporangium connersii III (also Crataegus) Gymnosporangium cornutum III (also Malus, Sorbus) Gymnosporangium fuscum III (also Pyrus) Gymnosporangium gaeumannii ssp. albertense II (III) Gymnosporangium globosum III (also Crataegus, Pyrus) Gymnosporangium inconspicuum III (also Amelanchier, Crataegus) Gymnosporangium juniperi- virginianae III (also Malus) Gymnosporangium nelsonii III (also Amelanchier, Malus) Gymnosporangium nidus-avis III (also Amelanchier) Gymnosporangium tremelloides III (also Sorbus) ?Hygrocybe spadicea Roestelia brucensis I Lactuca Calyptella capula Olpidium brassicae Larix Capnobotrys sessilispora Lathyrus Calyptella capula ?Glomus aggregatum Ledum Lophodermium sphaerioides Lepidium Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also Distirehias) Lepidoptera (larva or 118 pupa) Paecilomyces breviramosus Paecilomyces farinosus Paecilomyces tenuipes Leptosphaeria (fungi) Didymosphaeria conoidea Linnaea Metacoleroa dickiei Linum Paecilomyces variotii Lithospermum *Puccinia recondita 0,I (also Secale) Lobelia Puccinia lobeliae III Lycium Puccinia tumidipes II,III Lycopersicon Colletotrichum coccodes Lycopsis *Puccinia recondita 0,I (also Secale) Lysimachia Puccinia dayi III Puccinva drstichiwvdis 0/1 (also Spartina) *Puccinia limosae 0,I (also Carex) Uromyces acuminatus 0,I (also Spartina) Mahonia Cumminsiella mirabilissima Oye Tete eletas Malus Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium cornutum 0,1 (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium juniperi- virginianae 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium nelsonii 0,I (also Juniperus) Petriella sordida Venturia asperata Venturia inaequalis Malva Puccinia malvacearum III Massaria (fungi) Calonectria decora Medicago Calyptella capula ?Glomus constrictum Glomus mosseae Olpidium brassicae Pleospora tarda Melica Erysiphe graminis Melilotus Dendryphion nanum ?Glomus aggregatum Monolepis Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also IDSkCheaLetall aS) Muhlenbergia Puccinia schedonnardi II,*III (also Sphaeralcea) Musci (mosses) Cantharellula umbonata Flammulaster rhombosporus Gyromitra infula Hohenbuehelia longipes Hygrophorus hyacinthinus Myrica ?Cortinarivs calopus Nicotiana ?Sclerocystis rubiformis Oenothera ?Sclerocystis rubiformis Scopinella solani Oplopanax ?Pseudobaeospora pillodii Ornithogalum *Puccinia hordei (also Hordeum) Ostrya Ciboria betulicola Diatrype albopruinosa Helicogloea farinacea Oxalis ?Glomus constrictum *“Pugesmaua .sorghi .0;,1., (also Zea) Oxytropis ?Paecilomyces carneus ?Paecilomyces farinosus Uromyces lapponicus var. oxytropis I Uromyces punctatus II,III (also Euphorbia) Panax Puccinia araliae III Parnassia Puccinia parnassiae III Parthenocissus Phyllosticta ampelicida Peniophora (fungi) Endophragmiella pallescens Petasites Puccinia conglomerata III Phaseolus ?Glomus constrictum ?Glomus mosseae Phleum ine Dendryphion nanum Olpidium brassicae Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Physalis Aecidium physalidis 0,1 Puccinia physalidis III Physocarpus Sphaerotheca macularis Picea Amylocorticium subincarnatum ?Bactrodesmium moenitum Bactrodesmium obliquum var. obliquum Bactrodesmium rahmii Capnobotrys neesii Capnobotrys sessilispora Cordana pauciseptata ?Cortinarius calopus ?*Endophragmiella biseptata Helicogloea farinacea Marasmiellus filopes Mariannaea elegans ?Paecilomyces carneus ?Peziza phyllogena Taeniolella rudis Pinguicula Ustilago pinguiculae Pinus Amylocorticium canadense Amylocorticium cebennense Amylocorticium subincarnatum *Coleosporium campanulae 0O,I (also Campanula) Endophragmiella biseptata Marasmiellus filopes ?Paecilomyces fumosoroseus ?Paecilomyces lilacinus Paecilomyces variotii ?Peziza phyllogena Spadicoides atra Sporidesmium larvatum Therrya fuckelii Piptoporus (fungi) Eleutheromyces subulatus 120 Pisum Coniella pulchella Microascus longirostris Paecilomyces variotii Petriella sordida Pleospora tarda Plantago Hormotheca plantaginis Olpidium brassicae Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also iD Sheucelaliia ys) Poa Erysiphe graminis Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Podophyllum Puccinaa podophylii” 0; 1, 2it Polygonum Cercospora avicularis Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Uromyces polygoni-avicularis OF ee ele elie Polytrichum (moss) Cantharellula umbonata Cystoderma lilacipes ?Laccaria maritima Populus Arachnophora excentrica Athelopsis glaucina Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium nigrum Brachysporium obovatum Connersia rilstonii Cucurbitaria staphula Dactylosporium macropus Diplococcium clarkii Endophragmiella bisbyi Endophragmiella biseptata Endophragmiella pallescens Flammulaster rhombosporus Helicogloea farinacea Helicoma morgani Marssonina brunnea Marssonina castagnei Marssonina populi Paecilomyces carneus ?Paecilomyces marquandii Peziza phyllogena Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Phragmocephala prolifera Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides bina Spadicoides canadensis Sporidesmium brachypus Sporidesmium foliculatum Stigmina robusta Portulaca Lagena radicicola Potentilla ?Cortinarius calopus Frommeélla tormentillae Of ike ck De ?Glomus aggregatum ?Laccaria maritima Phragmidium potentillae “Oy See ee Sphaerotheca macularis Prunus Diatrype albopruinosa Dibotryon morbosum Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Monilinia fructicola Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudotsuga Bactrodesmium obliquum var. suttonii Marasmiellus pluvius Marasmius salalis Mariannaea elegans Paecilomyces carneus Rhizina undulata Puccinellia Erysiphe graminis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Pyrola Phyllosticta pyrolae Pyrus Gymnosporangium clavariiforme 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium fuscum 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium globosum 0,I (also Juniperus) Venturia pirina Quercus Diatrype albopruinosa Exidia recisa Helminthosporium velutinum Pseudospiropes simplex Spadicoides grovei Sporidesmium foliculatum Sporidesmium hormiscioides Taeniolella alta Ranunculus Leptotrochila ranunculi Pseudopeziza singularis Puccinia gibberulosa III Puccinia ustalis III Raphanus Petriella sordida resupinate Basidiomycete (fungi) Endophragmiella verticillata Rhamnus Puccinia coronata var. avenae 0,I (also Avena) Rhinanthus ?Laccaria maritima Rhododendron Botryosphaeria rhodorae Cercospora handelii Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Rhus Phyllosticta toxica Pileolaria brevipes OPE) 2 Le Sphaerotheca macularis 121 Ribes Ramularia coalescens Robinia Aglaospora profusa Roegneria PUCCINnwa SErLULOLMLS Lb bid Rorippa Olpidium brassicae Rosa Phragmidium fusiforme var. HhOviiboreale On) Ll tit Sphaerotheca macularis Rubus Coleroa chaetomium ?Cortinarius calopus Didymella applanata Fabraea cincta Helminthosporium velutinum Hormotheca rubicola Kuehneola uredinis Onnkiny BE, aie Phragmidium arcticum I,I1I,I1II Phragmidium occidentale Ojibwe E Sphaerotheca macularis Rumex ?Glomus constrictum Olpidium brassicae ?Sclerocystis rubiformis Venturia canadensis Venturia rumicis Sabix Bactrodesmium traversianum Flammulaster rhombosporus Helicogloea farinacea Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Pseudospiropes simplex Venturia chlorospora Venturia minuta Venturia saliciperda Venturia subcutanea Sambucus $22 Dendryphion comosum Helminthosporium velutinum Phragmocephala elliptica Pseudospiropes nodosus Sanguisorba Sphaerotheca macularis Xenodochus carbonarius AO Milne Ler gy bel Sarcobatus Puccinia subnitens 0,I (also Distuchlxs) Saxifraga Melampsora hirculi I,I1I,I1II Scirpus Melanotus caricicola Sclerotinia (fungi) Fusarium sporotrichoides var. sporotrichioides Secale Erysiphe graminis Olpidium brassicae Polymyxa graminis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Puccinia recondita II,III (also Anchusa, Lithospermum & Lycopsis) jEwloleslinulcl Neicsuedeateyey IIgs aes (also Thalictrum) Silene ?Glomus constrictum Silphium Puccinia silphii III Sinapis Olpidium brassicae Smelowskia Pucciniacody2 O; arr Smilacina Phyllosticta pallidior Smilax ?Glomus aggregatum Solanum Colletotrichum coccodes Helminthosporium solani Solidago Cercosporella virgaureae ?Glomus constrictum Sorbus Gymnosporangium clavipes 0,I (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium cornutum 0,1 (also Juniperus) Gymnosporangium tremelloides 0,I (also Juniperus) Pseudospiropes simplex Spartina Ibo, Kolvejeaelalanoblicy IIe , WP IE IE (also Glaux, Lysimachia) Uromyces acuminatus II,III (also Dodecatheon, Lysimachia) Sphaeralcea Puccinia schedonnardi 0,1 (also Muhlenbergia) Puccinia sherardiana 0O,III Sphagnum (Musci) Endogone pisiformis Marasmiellus paludosus Omphalina brevibasidiata Spinacia Lagena radicicola Pleospora tarda Polymyxa betae Spiraea Helminthosporium velutinum Sphaerotheca macularis Stellaria Olpidium brassicae Symphytum Calyptella capula Tagetes Glomus aggregatum Glomus constrictum Sclerocystis rubiformis Taraxacum Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Taxus Spiropes helleri iinewiet rum zPUCCIMEaA tesLeETcina O77 (aliso Aegilops, Secale, Triticum) Thlaspi Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Thuja Bactrodesmium obliquum var. suttonii Marasmiellus pluvius ?Paecilomyces carneus ?Paecilomyces fumosoroseus ?Paecilomyces marquandii ?Paecilomyces variotil Phyllosticta thujae ?Pseudobaeospora pillodii Sporidesmium larvatum Taeniolella rudis lyst Raley Endophragmiella subolivacea Helminthosporium oligosporum Peziza varia Trautvetteria Puccinia trautvetteriae III Tribonema (alga) Rhizophydium granulosporum Trientalis Puccinia karelica ssp. karelica I (also Carex) Puccinia karelica ssp. 123 laurentina I (also Carex) Tevrorauam Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Olpidium brassicae Pleospora tarda Stemphylium sarciniforme rug tochan Pleospora tarda ee bie eCum Erysiphe graminis Eurotium echinulatum Fusarium poae Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Gaeumannomyces graminis var. SeLeved Glomus constrictum Lagena radicicola Olpidium brassicae Polymyxa graminis Pseudoseptoria stomaticola icesinle, Shicielsteeranels Ilse, IIA PuccingaLtriticinagiia ro (also Thalictrum) Septoria tritici Stagonospora nodorum Tilletia controversa Tsuga Bactrodesmium obliquum var. suttonii ?Marasmius salalis ?Peziza phyllogena ?Pseudobaeospora pillodii Typha Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Psathyrella typhae Ulmus Calonectria decora Diatrype albopruinosa Helminthosporium velutinum Peziza varia Sowerbyella imperialis Sporidesmium brachypus 124 Sporidesmium foliculatum Urtica Dendryphion comosum Didymosphaeria conoidea Vaccinium ?Cortinarius calopus ?Cystoderma lilacipes Lophodermium maculare Lophodermium melaleucum Pithoascus intermedius Trichurus spiralis Valsa (fungi) Endophragmiella subolivacea Vernonia Puccinia longipes ca O Wie 1S Booger ak Rese BY 9 Veronica Olpidium brassicae ?Sclerocystis rubiformis Viburnum Massaria lantanae Vicita Coniella pulchella Vinca Phyllosticta pervincae SUBSTRATE air Microascus longirostris Trichurus spiralis bark Arachnophora excentrica Bactrodesmium betulicola Bactrodesmium cedricola Bactrodesmium obliquum var. obliquum Bactrodesmium obliquum var. Viola Puccinia canadensis III Puccinia fergussonii III Puccinia glacieri III Puccinia ornatula III Puccinia violae ssp. americana 0,I,II,III Puccinia violae ssp. violae OF lala ele ek Vitis Phyllosticta ampelicida Xanthium Pucinia xanthii III Yucca Phyllosticta yuccae Zanthoxylum Massaria zanthoxyli zea Dendryphion nanum Fusarium poae Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides ?Glomus aggregatum ?Glomus constrictum Lagena radicicola Microascus longirostris Olpidium brassicae Paecilomyces variotii Puccinia’ sorghi ilieitr “atse Oxalis) HABITAT LIST suttonii Bactrodesmium pithoideum Bactrodesmium rahmii Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium nigrum Brachysporium obovatum Connersia rilstonii Cordana pauciseptata Cucurbitaria staphula Endophragmiella bisbyi Endophragmiella biseptata Endophragmiella collapsa Endophragmiella ontariensis Endophragmiella pallescens Eutryblidiella sabina Helicogloea farinacea Helicoma morgani Helminthosporium velutinum Hemimycena tortuosa Massaria lantanae Massaria zanthoxyli Neobulgaria pura Phragmocephala elliptica Phragmocephala prolifera Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudospiropes simplex Sowerbyella imperialis Spadicoides atra Spadicoides bina Sporidesmium foliculatum Sporidesmium larvatum Steganosporium acerinum Steganosporium ovatum Stigmina robusta Taeniolella exilis Taeniolella rudis buds Didymella applanata burned or open forest Hygrocybe spadicea cambium Helicoma morgani canes (raspberry) Didymella applanata catkins Ciboria betulicola Flammulaster rhombosporus coniferous forest Agaricus semotus Hygrophorus hyacinthinus Tricholoma fulvum coniferous needle beds Marasmiellus filopes Marasmiellus pluvius Peziza phyllogena £25 corms Papulaspora sepedonioides coastal rain forests Marasmiellus pluvius culms Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Lem air sos ote @ Stagonospora avenae duff Daisernavtkorira Discina macrospora dung, manure (mammalian) Flammulaster rhombosporus Lysurus cruciatus Microascus longirostris Petriella sordida Trichurus spiralis fleshy fungi Eleutheromyces subulatus Endogone pisiformis flowers Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Melanodothis caricis Mon wisin tam hruictercold Puccinia holboellii Scopinella solani Tilletia controversa Ustilago pinguiculae Venturia inaequalis Lia oe a Didymella bryoniae Gymnosporangium clavariiforme Gymnosporangium clavipes Gymnosporangium connersii Gymnosporangium inconspicuum Gymnosporangium juniperi- virginianae Gymnosporangium nelsonii Gymnosporangium nidus-avis Monilinia fructicola Phyllosticta ampelicida 126 Pithoascus intermedius Pleiochaeta setosa Puccinia subnitens Sphaerotheca macularis Venturia inaequalis Venturia pirina glumes Stagonospora nodorum greenhouse Peziza proteana hair (human) Piedraia hortae hardwood trees Exidia recisa Sporidesmium foliculatum Sporidesmium hormiscioides ?Tricholoma fulvum hay Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides house dust Mariannaea elegans insect frass Typhula thaxteri insects Paecilomyces breviramosus Paecilomyces farinosus Paecilomyces tenuipes lawns and fields Agaricus semotus leaves, needles Atopospora betulina Botryosphaeria rhodorae Calyptella capula Cercospora avicularis Cercospora handelii Cercosporella virgaureae Coleroa chaetomium Coniella pulchella Didymella applanata Didymella bryoniae Fabraea cincta Flammulaster rhombosporus Gymnosporangium betheli Gymnosporangium clavariiforme Gymnosporangium clavipes Gymnosporangium connersii Gymnosporangium cornutum Gymnosporangium fuscum Gymnosporangium gaeumannii ssp. albertense Gymnosporangium globosum Gymnosporangium juniperi- virginianae Gymnosporangium nelsonii Gymnosporangium nidus-avis Gymnosporangium tremelloides Hormotheca plantaginis Hormotheca robertiani Hormotheca rubicola Leptotrochila ranunculi Lophodermium maculare Lophodermium melaleucum Lophodermium sphaerioides Marasmiellus paludosus Marasmius salalis Marssonina brunnea Marssonina castagnei Marssonina populi Melampsora hirculi Melanotus caricicola Metacoleroa dickiei Microthyrium macrosporum Monilinia fructicola Mycena cariciophila Nyssopsora clavellosa Peziza phyllogena Peziza varia Phragmidium arcticum Phragmidium fusiforme var. noviboreale Phragmidium occidentale Phragmidium potentillae Phyllosticta acicola Phyllosticta ampelicida Phyllosticta celastrina Phyllosticta gaultheriae Phyllosticta hamamelidis Phyllosticta minima Phyllosticta multicorniculata Phyllosticta pallidior Phyllosticta pervincae Phyllosticta pyrolae Phyllosticta sphaeropsoidea Phyllosticta thujae Phyllosticta toxica Phyllosticta yuccae Pileolaria brevipes Pleiochaeta setosa Psathyrella typhae Pseudopeziza sSingularis Pseudoseptoria bromigena Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Psilachnum cassandrae Psilocybe bulbosa Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia anemones-virginianae araliae areolata arnicalis balsamorhizae gibberulosa calthae calthicola campanulae canadensis codyi conglomerata coronata var. dayi distichlidis fergussonii gemella gentianae gigantispora glacieri haleniae helianthi holboellii hordei intermixta irdis karelica spp. avenae karelica Puccinia karelica spp. laurentina Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia leveillei limosae lobeliae longipes malvacearum ornatula Oise Onan: parnassiae physalidis podophylli pulsatillae Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia Puccinia 127 recondita schedonnardi sherardiana Silphii sorghi striiformis subnitens trautvetteriae treleasiana jwaeal \ealfehayel tumidipes urbanis ustalis violae ssp. americana Puccinia Puccinia volkartiana xanthii Ramularia coalescens Roestelia brucensis Septoria Septoria Septoria Septoria bromi elymi passerinii Crdita Ga Sowerbyella imperialis Sphaerotheca macularis Stagonospora avenae Stagonospora nodorum Stemphylium sarciniforme Uredo beringiana Uromyces Uromyces Uromyces Uromyces acuminatus eugentianae geranii lapponicus var. lapponicus Uromyces lapponicus var. oxytropis Uromyces Uromyces Uromyces Venturia Venturia Venturia Venturia Venturia Venturia Venturia Venturia Venturia Venturia phacae-frigidae polygoni-avicularis punctatus adusta asperata canadensis chlorospora inaequalis minuta pirina rumicis Ssaliciperda subcutanea Xenodochus carbonarius lichen woodlands 128 Cortinarius calopus old perithecia Typhula thaxteri peat bogs Hohenbuehelia longipes Omphalina brevibasidiata Picea forest Hygrophorus hyacinthinus plywood Connersia rilstonii reptile eggs Cephaliophora tropica resupinate Basidiomycetes (fungi) Endophragmiella verticillata rhizosphere Glomus aggregatum Glomus constrictum Glomus mosseae Sclerocystis rubiformis roots Colletotrichum coccodes Coniella pulchella Dendryphion nanum Gaeumannomyces graminis var. CYUECLEL Lagena radicicola Marasmius epidryas Olpidium brassicae Peziza phyllogena Polymyxa betae Polymyxa graminis Rhizina undulata Sclerocystis rubiformis seeds and kernels Coniella pulchella Eurotium echinulatum Fusarium poae Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Microascus longirostris Paecilomyces variotii Petriella sordida Pithoascus intermedius Pleiochaeta setosa Stemphylium sarciniforme Trichurus spiralis sepals Melampsora hirculi Venturia inaequalis shoots Venturia saliciperda softwood pulp chips Bactrodesmium moenitum soil, sand Caloscypha fulgens Cantharellula umbonata Dendryphion nanum Discina leucoxantha Discina macrospora Glomus aggregatum Glomus constrictum Glomus mosseae Gyromitra infula Hygrocybe spadicea Inocybe dulcamara Laccaria maritima Mariannaea elegans Paecilomyces carneus Paecilomyces farinosus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Paecilomyces inflatus Paecilomyces lilacinus Paecilomyces marquandii Paecilomyces variotii Peziza proteana Peziza varia Pseudobaeospora pillodii Rhizina undulata Sclerocystis rubiformis Tylopilus rubrobrunneus stabilized sand dunes Cortinarius calopus Cystoderma lilacipes Laccaria maritima stem galls Cucurbitaria staphula Gymnosporangium Gymnosporangium Gymnosporangium Gymnosporangium betheli connersil globosum juniperi- virginianae Gymnosporangium nelsonii Gymnosporangium tremelloides Roestelia brucensis stems Calyptella capula Colletotrichum coccodes Dendryphion comosum Dendryphion nanum Didymella applanata Didymella bryoniae Didymella delphinii Gaeumannomyces graminis var. CYSercs Marasmius epidryas Melanotus caricicola Papulaspora sepedonioides Petriella sordida Phyllosticta celastrina Pileolaria brevipes Pseudoseptoria bromigena Pseudoseptoria stomaticola Puccinia araliae Puccinia gibberulosa Puccinia campanulae Puccinia haleniae Puccinia holboellii Puccinia malvacearum Puccinia parnassiae Puccinia podophylli Puccinia sherardiana Puccinia silphii Puccinia subnitens Roestelia brucensis Scopinella solani Sphaerotheca macularis Stagonospora avenae Stigmina dothideoides Taeniolella exilis Uromyces polygoni-avicularis Venturia adusta Venturia canadensis stumps 129 Discina korfii Discina macrospora tubers Helminthosporium solani Papulaspora sepedonioides teUtg ie Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides twigs and branches Bactrodesmium traversianum Capnobotrys neesii Capnobotrys sessilispora Dendryphion comosum Diaporthe alleghaniensis Diatrype albopruinosa Diatrype virescens Dibotryon morbosum Endophragmiella subolivacea Endophragmiella uniseptata Endoxylina allantospora Eutryblidiella sabina Gymnosporangium betheli Gymnosporangium clavariiforme Gymnosporangium clavipes Gymnosporangium connersii Gymnosporangium fuscum Gymnosporangium globosum Gymnosporangium inconspicuum Gymnosporangium juniperi- virginianae Gymnosporangium nelsonii Gymnosporangium nidus-avis Gymnosporangium tremelloides Lophodermium melaleucum Marasmiellus paludosus Marasmiellus papillatus Marasmius salalis Massaria inquinans Massaria lantanae Massaria zanthoxyli Monilinia fructicola Petriella sordida Peziza varia Phaeomarasmius erinaceus Phragmocephala elliptica Pseudomassaria corni Psilocybe bulbosa Roestelia brucensis Sclerotinia kerneri 130 Sowerbyella imperialis Steganosporium acerinum Taeniolella alta Taeniolella exilis Therrya fuckelii Typhula thaxteri Tyromyces kmetii Venturia inaequalis Venturia pirina Venturia saliciperda willow catkins Flammulaster rhombosporus witches’ broom Apiosporina collinsii Gymnosporangium nidus-avis wood Acrophragmis canadensis Amylocorticium canadense Amylocorticium cebennense Amylocorticium subincarnatum Athelopsis glaucina Bactrodesmium biformatum Bactrodesmium moenitum Bactrodesmium obovatum Bactrodesmium spilomeum Brachysporium abietinum Brachysporium nigrum Brachysporium noblesiae Brachysporium obovatum Brachysporium pendulisporum Caloscypha fulgens Chlorencoelia versiformis Cordana inaequalis Cordana pauciseptata Dactylosporium macropus Diplococcium clarkii Discina korfii Discina macrospora Endogone pisiformis Endophragmiella angustispora Endophragmiella biseptata Endophragmiella collapsa Endophragmiella globulosa Endophragmiella ontariensis Endophragmiella pallescens Endophragmiella verticillata Eutryblidiella sabina Gyromitra infula Helicogloea farinacea Helicoma morgani Helminthosporium velutinum Hyphoderma sibiricum Marasmiellus papillatus Mariannaea elegans Neobulgaria pura Oedocephalum cristallinum Paecilomyces farinosus Paecilomyces variotii Petriella sordida Peziza phyllogena Peziza proteana Peziza varia Phragmocephala elliptica Phragmocephala stemphylioides var. stemphylioides Pseudospiropes nodosus Pseudospiropes simplex Rhizina undulata Schizophyllum commune Spadicoides atra Spadicoides bina Spadicoides canadensis Spadicoides grovei Spadicoides klotzschii Spadicoides obovata Sporidesmium brachypus Sporidesmium foliculatum Sporidesmium hormiscioides Sporidesmium larvatum Taeniolella alta Taeniolella rudis Typhula thaxteri woody debris Peziza proteana Rhizina undulata Typhula thaxteri MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 131-141 June-August 1997 ENDOGONE AURANTIACA, A NEW SPECIES IN THE ENDOGONALES FROM POLAND Janusz Btaszkowski Department of Plant Pathology, Academy of Agriculture, Stowackiego 17, PL-71434 Szczecin, Poland Abstract A new species of the genus Endogone, E. aurantiaca, forming zygosporangia enveloped individually by a hyphal mantle and occurring in loose aggregates or singly in the soil is described and _ illustrated. Zygosporangia of E. aurantiaca are deep orange, globose to subglobose, (110-)139(-—180) um diam, sometimes ovoid or ellipsoidal, 120-150 x 140-180 pm, and have a wall ornamented with evenly distributed conical warts. The zygospore wall of this fungus is smooth, hyaline, and somewhat thicker than that of a zygosporangium. Endogone aurantiaca was present among roots of Pinus sylvestris growing in different regions of Poland. Key words: Endogonales, Endogone aurantiaca, new _ species, occurrence, Poland 132 Introduction Examination of soil samples taken from the root zone of plants colonizing sand dunes of Poland revealed an undescribed species of the genus Endogone. This fungus is described in this paper as E. aurantiaca sp. nov. Materials and methods Roots and attached soil of sample plants were collected from a depth of 5-30 cm and subsequently refrigerated at 4 C until processing. Trap pot cultures were established based on the original soils placed in 15-cm plastic pots (1350 cm’) and seeded with Pinus sylvestris L. Plants were grown in a greenhouse at 18- 40 C with 16 h photoperiod (combined incandescent and cool white fluorescent light) and watered 2-3 times a week. Pot cultures were harvested after 12 months, roots stained with 0.05% trypan blue (Phillips and Hayman, 1970), and examined for the presence of mycorrhizae. To extract spores, both field—collected soils and those from pot cultures were wet sieved and decanted (Gerdemann and Nicolson, 1963). Two sieves with openings of 40 and 250 um diam were used. No newly formed spores were found in trap cultures. Therefore, only field—collected spores were further investigated. At least 100 and 20 spores were mounted in polyvinyl alcohol/lactic acid/glycerol, PVLG (Koske and Tessier, 1983) and Melzer’s reagent, respectively, and examined. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy examination were first fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in a 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 6). They were then dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, critical point dried, mounted on aluminium stubs, and coated with gold. The terminology used follows that of Pegler et al. (1993). Specimen color was examined under a dissecting microscope on fresh specimens immersed in water. Color names are from Kornerup and Wanscher (1983). Specimens have been preserved on slides mounted in PVLG and deposited in the Department of 133 Plant Pathology (DPP), Academy of Agriculture, Szczecin, Poland, and in the herbarium at Oregon State University (OSC), USA. Nomenclature of fungi noted here follows Walker and Trappe (1993). The classification is that of Morton and Benny (1990). Descriptions and discussions Endogone aurantiaca Biaszkowski, sp. nov. Figs. 1-6 Zygosporangiae laxae gregaria vel singulatim in solo efformatae. Gregaria ovoideae; 160-270 x 250-500 um; e zygosporangis 2- 4 in tunica hypharum. Peridium absens. Tunica (4.9-)16.0(-—32.5) um crassa, e hyphis sinuatis, hyalinis vel aurantiaco-albis, (2.5- 7.9(-10.0) um diam. Zygosporangiae intense aurantiacae; globosae vel subglobosae; (100-)139(-—180) um diam; aliguando ovoideae vel late’ ellipsoideae; 130-180 um. _ Tunica zygosporangiae solitaria, intense aurantiaca, (0.8-)1.4(-2.0) um crassa, Cum conicis verrucis, 0.4-0.7 um latis ad basam, 0.4-0.7 um altis. Tunica zygosporae Solitaria, glabra, hyalina, (1.0-)2.0(- 2.9) um crassa. Gametangia pallide luteae vel intense aurantiacae; subglobosae, ellipsoideae vel irregulare; (20.0-)21.7 (-31.0) um latae, (17.5-)30.0(-43.0) um _ longae; tunica gametangium glabra, 1.8-3.9 um crassa. HoLoTyPus. Poland. Kampinos National Park, infra Pinus sylvestris L., 26 July 1986, Blaszkowski, J., 900 (DPP). Zygosporangia occurring in loose aggregates or singly in the soil (Figs. 1, 2). Aggregates ovoid; 160-270 x 250-500 um; composed of 2-4 loosely and randomly positioned zygosporangia enveloped individually by hyphal mantle. Peridium absent. 134 Mantle (4.9-)16.0(-32.5) um thick; consisting of interwoven, sinuous, hyaline to orange white (5A2) hyphae, (2.5-)7.9(-—10.0) um diam (Figs. 1-4); mantle hyphae adherent to zygosporangia more compactly interwoven and darker colored than those positioned in the outer region of the mantle; hyphae of the outer mantle layer branched and interwoven with those of neighboring zygosporangia. Zygosporangia deep orange (6A8); globose to subglobose; (100-)139(-180) um diam (Figs. 1, 2); sometimes ovoid or broadly ellipsoidal; 120-150 x 140-180 um; with a circular pore, 7.5-12.5 um diam, at the junction of the larger of the two gametangia. Zygosporangial wall consisting of a single layer, deep orange (6A8), (0.8-)1.4(-2.0) um thick, ornamented with evenly distributed conical warts, 0.4-0.7 um wide at the base, 0.4-0.7 um high (Figs. 3-5). Zygospore wall single, smooth, hyaline, (1.0—)2.0(-2.9) um thick, usually tightly adherent to the zygosporangial wall (Fig. 5). Gametangia pastel yellow (3A4) to deep orange (5A8); subglobose, ellipsoidal, prolate or irregular; (20.0—)21.7(-—31.0) um wide, (17.5-—)30.0(-—43.0) um long, of unequal size, placed one near another (Fig. 6), rarely absent; gametangial wall smooth, 1.8-3.9 um thick at the zygosporangial base; wall of the larger gametangium continuous with the zygosporangial wall: gametangia usually covered by hyphal mantle of zygosporangia. Zygospore contents of hyaline lipid globules. Figs. 1-6. Endogone aurantiaca. 1. Aggregate with three zygosporangia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x264. 2. Zygosporangium enveloped by hyphal mantle. SEM, x528. 3. Sinuous hyphae of mantle and warts (arrows) of zygosporangial wall. SEM, x1056. 4. Hyphae of mantle (HM) and warty zygosporangial wall. Differential interference contrast (DIC), x927._ 5. Zygosporangial wall (ZSW) and zygospore wall (ZW). Phase contrast microscopy (PCM), x1309. 6. Gametangia (G). PCM, x1309. 135 ROX S 136 Zygosporangia, zygospores, gametangia, and hyphal mantle not reacting in Melzer’s reagent. COLLECTION EXAMINED. HOLOTYPE. POLAND. Kampinos National Park (52°18’N, 20°46’E), under Pinus sylvestris L., 26 July 1986, Blaszkowski, J., 900 (DPP); Isotypes: Btaszkowski, J., 899, 901- 907, 1016-1019, 1374-1379 (DPP) and two slides at OSC. OTHER MATERIALS EXAMINED. POLAND. All unnumbered collections made by J. Btaszkowski, under P. sylvestris, Hel Peninsula, 29 July 1986; Zelistrzewo (Gdansk voiv.), 22 Aug. 1987; Ptoty (Szczecin voiv.), 22 Sept. 1987; Bydgoszcz, 15 Sept. 1987 (DPP). ETYMOLOGY. Latin, aurantiaca, referring to the deep orange color of zygosporangia. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Of the almost 800 soil samples representing ca 90 plant species in 28 families, zygosporangia of E. aurantiaca occurred only in those taken from the root zone of P. sylvestris. The zygosporangia density in 100 g dry soil ranged from 1 to 1382 (av. 27.8) and was highest in the soil sampled from inland sand dunes of the Kampinos National Park. Only this soil sample contained £. aurantiaca zygosporangia grouped in aggregates. In the other sites, this fungus formed zygosporangia singly in the soil. The chemical properties of the soil from the Kampinos National Park were: pH, 5.8; NO, (mgL”'), 20; P, 17; and K, 20. The fungi accompanying E. aurantiaca in the soil samples examined were Acaulospora lacunosa_ Morton, Glomus deserticola Trappe, Bloss & Menge, Scutellospora dipurpurescens Morton & Koske, and Complexipes moniliformis Walker emend. Yang & Korf. Complexipes moniliformis is known to form ecto— or ectendomycorrhizae: with P. sylvestris (Wilcox et al., 1983), whereas the other species are arbuscular fungi (Morton, 1986; £31 Morton and Koske, 1988; Trappe et al., 1984) and were probably associated with mycorrhizal roots of neighboring grasses. MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS. Endogone aurantiaca occurred in the field among ectomycorrhizal roots of P. sylvestris and those with vesicular-—arbuscular infections coming from adjacent grasses. This fungus failed to form new zygosporangia and mycorrhizae in pot cultures with P. sylvestris. Endogone aurantiaca is distinctive due to the formation of zygosporangia in loose aggregates or singly in the soil and especially by its ornamented zygosporangial wall. The characteristic feature of this species also is the lack of a peridium. All species of the genus Endogone described so far produce more or less compact sporocarps (Gerdemann and Trappe, 1974; Morton and Benny, 1990; Pegler et al., 1993; Tandy, 1975). The zygosporangia occurring both in aggregates and singly in the soil are individually surrounded by a hyphal mantle. In the zone adherent to the zygosporangial wall, this mantle consists of tightly interwoven hyphae forming a dense sheath easily separating from the zygosporangium. This sheath differentiates more loosely interwoven hyphae. In the outer zone of the mantle, the hyphae frequently branch and interweave with those of the mantle of neighboring zygosporangia, uniting them in aggregates. Most of the E. aurantiaca specimens recovered possess zygosporangia enclosed by a hyphal mantle. Some specimens have such a mantle present only on a part of a zygosporangium, especially that adjacent to gametangia. The outer surface of these zygosporangia is covered with a hyaline to yellowish white (2A2) layer, usually continuous with the innermost layer of the hyphal mantle. The surface of this layer is smooth to granular. A similar layer is usually present in specimens lacking a hyphal mantle at all. Additionally, this layer extends along the gametangia. This suggests this layer to be an initial stage of the hyphal mantle differentiation. The deep orange zygosporangial wall of all the specimens examined is evenly covered with conical warts. It always is thinner 138 and more flexible than the hyaline and readily cracking zygospore wall. Due to the rigidity of the zygospore wall causing _ its tight adherence to the zygosporangial wall, the presence of a zygospore in mature specimens is frequently difficult to reveal. Almost all the specimens examined by the author of this paper possess two adherent gametangia. One of them is usually larger and adheres to a pore in the zygosporangial wall. The gametangial wall is continuous with the zygosporangial wall. These gametangia are usually covered with hyphae of the mantle Surrounding zygosporangia. Species of the genus Endogone forming zygosporangia resembling in color and size those of E. aurantiaca are E. alba (Petch) Gerd. & Trappe, E. flammicorona Trappe & Gerd., and E. lactiflua Berk. & Broome (Gerdemann and Trappe, 1974; Pegler et al., 1993; Yao et al., 1992). However, these species produce compact sporocarps surrounded by a peridium (vs. loose aggregates without a peridium or single zygosporangia in E. aurantiaca). The zygosporangia of E. aurantiaca, E. flammicorona, and E. lactiflua are enclosed by a hyphal mantle that is absent in E. alba. The hyphal mantle of E. aurantiaca is formed by interwoven sinuous hyphae. Endogone flammicorona also has a mantle with a spiral, sinuous pattern when observed in a plan view (Gerdemann and Trappe, 1974). However, in a cross— sectional view, this mantle resembles a crown or ,tongues of flame” produced by hyphal ridges wider at the base and thinner at the top, being, thereby, unlike the mantle of E. aurantiaca consisting of 2-6 layers of interwoven hyphae. The hyphal mantle of E. J/actiflua is reminiscent of the E. aurantiaca mantle in a cross-sectional view, although it is not spirally arranged as in the latter species when observed in a plan view. The most distinctive feature of E. aurantiaca is its ornamented zygosporangial wall. Except for E. alba, the other described species of this genus form smooth-walled zygosporangia (Gerdemann and Trappe, 1974; Pegler et al., 1993; Tandy, 1975). The zygosporangial wall of E. alba has a minutely rugulose to 139 almost reticulate ornamentation, frequently with branching ridges (Yao et al., 1992), whereas that of E. aurantiaca is covered with conical warts. Additionally, the features separating E. aurantiaca from the species listed above are the lack of reactivity in Melzer’s reagent (vs. zygosporangial wall yellow to pale orange and reddish brown in E. flammicorona and E. lactiflua, respectively), the hyaline zygospore wall (vs. melon yellow, hyaline to light yellow, and yellow in E. alba, E. flammicorona, and E. lactiflua, respectively), and the relatively narrow gametangia (20-31 um wide vs. up to 36 um, up to 40 um, and up to 80 um wide in E. alba, E. flammicorona, and E. lactiflua, respectively). Apart from E. aurantiaca, known fungal species of this genus producing sporocarps lacking a peridium include E. acrogena Gerd., Trappe & Hosford and E. verrucosa Gerd. & Trappe (Gerdemann and Trappe, 1974). Endogone aurantiaca differs in that it has no zygosporangia arranged either in chains as in E. acrogena or in clusters enclosed in an endoperidium as in E. verrucosa. Additionally, the zygosporangia of the latter two fungi are much smaller than those of the former new species. The formation of single zygosporangia in the soil by fungi of the genus Endogone is revealed for the first time in this paper, although non-sporocarpic zygosporangia of E. flammicorona and FE. lactiflua had earlier been recovered (Btaszkowski, 1989; Btaszkowski, unpubl.). The method commonly used in collecting fungi of Endogone is raking and searching through the leaf litter and the upper layer of soil (Gerdemann and Trappe, 1974; Pegler et al., 1993). However, this method reveals only relatively large sporocarps. Direct searching of the soils containing E. aurantiaca did not reveal such sporocarps. Wet sieving and decanting of soils by sieves used in the study discussed here recovers spores and sporocarps larger than 40 um diam. Hence, the properties of sporocarps of this new species are probably correctly defined in this paper. Additionally, the occurrence of single zygosporangia of this fungus as well as those of E. flammicorona and E. /actiflua (Btaszkowski, 1989; Btaszkowski, unpubl.) in the soil suggest that other species of the genus Endogone also are both sporocarpic and non-sporocarpic. 140 Acknowledgment | would like to thank Dr. J. H. Warcup, Department of Plant Pathology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, and Dr. T. W. K. Young, Division of Life Sciences, King’s College, University of London, U. K. for valuable comments on the manuscript. This study was supported in part by The Committee of Scientific Researches, a _ grant no. 6.P205.043.05. Literature cited Btaszkowski, J. 1989. The occurrence and geographic distribution of E-strain ectendomycorrhizal fungi in Poland. Bull. Pol. Ac. Biol. 37, 19-31. Gerdemann, J. W., and T. H. Nicolson. 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46, 235-244. Gerdemann, J. W., and J. M. Trappe. 1974. The Endogonaceae in the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia Mem. 5, 1-76. Koske, R. E., and B. Tessier. 1983. A convenient, permanent slide mounting medium. Newsl. Mycol. Soc. Am. 34, 59. Kornerup, A., and J. H. Wanscher. 1983. Methuen handbook of colour. 3rd Ed. E. Methuen and Co., Ltd., London. 252 pp. Morton, J. B. 1986. Three new species of Acaulospora (Endogonaceae) from high aluminium, low pH soils in West Vir- ginia. Mycologia 78, 641-648. Morton, J. B., and G. L. Benny. 1990. Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zygomycetes): a new order, Glomales, two new suborders, Glomineae and Gigasporineae, and two new families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae, with an emendation of Glomaceae. Mycotaxon 37, 471-491. 141 Moron mo.” ibs pand, shew Es “Koske: 1988. Scutellospora dipurpurascens, a new species in the Endogonaceae from West Virginia. Mycologia 80, 520-524. Pegler, D. N., B. M. Spooner, and T. W. K. Young. 1993. British truffles. A revision of British hypogeous fungi. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 216 pp. + 26 plates. Phillips, J. M., and D. S. Hayman. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular—arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55, 158-161. Tandy, P. A. 1975. Sporocarpic species of Endogonaceae in Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 23, 849-866. Trappe, J. W., E. Bloss, and J. Menge. 1984. Glomus deserticola sp. nov. Mycotaxon 20, 123-127. Walker, C., and J. M. Trappe. 1993. Names and epithets in the Glomales and Endogonales. Mycol. Res. 97, 339-344. Wilcox, H. E., C. S. Yang, and K. LoBuglio. 1983. Responses of pine to E-strain ectendomycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil 71, 239-247. Yao, Y. —J., D. N. Pegler, and T. W. K. Young. 1992. Revision of the type of Endogone alba (Endogonaceae). Mycotaxon 45, 109-122. MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 143-154 June-August 1997 HETEROTOL YPOSPORIUM, A NEW GENUS OF USTILAGINALES.* K. VANKY Universitat Tiibingen, Botanisches Institut, Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie. Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tiibingen, Germany ABSTRACT A new genus, Heterotolyposporium K. Vanky is described and illustrated together with its type H. Jlepidospermae K. Vanky, sp. nov., on Lepidosperma ensiforme (Rodway) D. I. Morris (Cyperaceae), from Tasmania, Australia. A second species, H. piluliforme (Berkeley) K. Vanky, comb. nov., is also presented, based on Uredo piluliformis Berk., type on Juncus sp. (Juncaceae). INTRODUCTION While studying smut fungi collected in Tasmania, I came across two species which cannot be included in any known genus of Ustilaginales (comp. Vanky, 1987). One of these is known under the name of Sorosporium piluliforme (Berk.) McAlpine, on various Juncus species. The other, collected on a Lepidosperma - (Cyperaceae) is a new species. Both have in common the grey colour of the dry, powdery mass of spores due to a mixture of dark-coloured spore balls and colourless, small, single spores. Both kinds of spores germinate giving rise to phragmobasidia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Smutted plants were collected in Tasmania, Australia, pressed and dred. Material used for studies of the sorus structure, spore morphology and spore germination was taken from these specimens, preserved in the author’s herbarium (Herb. Ustil. Vanky, HUV) and in the Tasmanian Herbarium, University of Tasmania, Hobart (HO). For light microscopical (LM) studies, dried spores were rehydrated in lactophenol by gently heating to boiling point. For scanning electron microscopical (SEM) studies, dried spores were dusted on double-sided adhesive * Part 136 in the series "Studies in Heterobasidiomycetes" from the Botanical Institute, University of Tiibingen. 144 tape, mounted on specimen stub, sputter-coated with gold-palladium, ca. 20 nm, and examined in a SEM at 10 kV. For the study of germination, spores were spread thinly on water agar (WA) and on malt yeast peptone agar (MYP), in Petri dishes, kept at room temperature (ca. 22 °C). As soon as basidiospores were produced, a suitable piece of medium (about 10 mm square) was cut out, transferred to a slide, and covered with a coverglass. A small droplet of lactophenol with cotton blue, added to the side of the square of medium, fixed and stained the basidia and basidiospores. If germination of the coloured spores needed a longer time, the easily germinating hyaline spores were killed by treating the spore mixture with a 0.01% solution of Amisept (di-isobutyl phenoxyethoxyetyldimethyl-ammonium chloride, used by Kukkonen & Hyytidninen (1969) for disinfecting of Anthracoidea spores, and by Vanky & Bauer (1992) for killing conidia of Conidiosporomyces) for one hour, then the spore mixture was washed with distilled water twice for 10 minutes followed by centrifugation. RESULTS The combination of the characters of the studied two species of smut fungi are so unique and peculiar that a new genus is necessary to accommodate them. Heterotolyposporium K. Vanky, gen. nov. Sori in organis differentibus plantarum matricalium massam nudam sporarum e sporis duo generum compositam: e sporis crasse tunicatis, pigmentiferis, in glomerulis agglutinatis vel etiam solitariis et e sporis solitariis, non coloratis, tenuiter tunicatis, inter glomerulos dispersis. Glomeruli sporarum eiusdem generis tantum compositi. Peridium nullum, columella nulla, cellulae steriles inter glomerulos sporarum et sporas nullae. Germinatio sporarum utriusque generis phragmobasidium efficiens. Typus generis H. lepidospermae K. Vanky. Sori in different organs of the host plants producing naked spore masses composed of two kinds of spores: thick-walled, pigmented spores, agglutinated in spore balls or single, and single, colourless, thin-walled spores dispersed between the spore balls. Spore balls composed of the same type of spores only. No peridium, no columella, no sterile cells between the spore balls and spores. Germination of both kinds of spores results in phragmobasidia. Heterotolyposporium lepidospermae K. Vanky, sp. nov. Typus in matrice Lepidosperma ensiforme (Rodway) D. I. Morris (L. elatius Labill. var. ensiforme Rodway; Cyperaceae; det. D. I. Morris, HO), Australia, Tasmania, North Coast, 10 km E. urbe Launceston, 41°27' S 147°14' E, alt. cca. 30 m, 15.III.1996, leg. C. & K. Vanky. Holotypus in HO, isotypi in Herbario Ustil. Vanky (HUV 17818), in BPI et in Vanky, Ustilagineles exsiccata No. 957. Sori (Fig. 1) in omnibus floribus eiusdem paniculi, glumis perfecte obtecti, flores mixtura cinerea usque cinereo-nigra glomerulorum sporarum obscurum et mulitudinis sporarum hyalinorum (propter hoc color cinereus massae sporarum in statu sicco) implentes, cca. 1,5 x 2-2,5 mm. Massa sporarum vicem organorum omnium centralium florae — exceptis glumis 3-4 maxime externis — implens pulverea, apice agglutinata, acuta, parte basali rotundta. Glomeruli sporarum (Figg. 4, 5) atro-rufobrunnei, ovoidei, elongati, plerumque irregulares, satis 145 permanentes, e sporis pigmentiferis 2—25 (vel pluribus?, plerumque 2-10) compositi, 15-35(-40) x 18-40(-50) um; vel sporae singlares. Sporae (Figg. 4, 5) rufo- usque atro-rufobrunneae, forma variae, irregulares, subpolyedricae, vel elongatae, lateribus contingentibus deplanatae, semiglobosae vel semiovoideae, 6,5—-15 x 12-20 um; pariete levi, variabiliter incrassato, (0,5—)1-4(-5) pm crasso, in angulis crassissimo. Sporae non pigmentiferae (Figg. 4, 5) copiose inter glomerulos sporarum singillatim vel in catervis, sed glomerulos non formantes, distributae, globosae usque late ellipsoidales, magnitudine variabiles, 4-8 x 5-10 um, hyalinae usque valde pallide flavidae; pariete cca. 1 wm crasso, in luce transeunti sub microscopio subtiliter, lineam externam sporae non afficienter punctato, in SEM dense, irregulariter verrucoso. Germinatio sporarum pigmentiferarum (Fig. 2; in agaro aquoso, temperatura conclavis, post 1 diem) basidia 2—4-cellularia, 2-3 x 15-50 um efficiens. In basidiis, in sterigmatibus, lateraliter et terminaliter basidiosporae ovoideae, elongate ellipsoidales usque subfusiformes, 1-1,5(-2) x 6—15(-20) um, productae. In basidiis etiam hyphae, serius septatae et ramificatae, productae. Germinatio sporarum non pigmentiferarum (Fig. 2) conditionibus identicis, basidia et basidiosporas similes sed plerumque minores, basidia saepe 2-cellularia tantum, efficiens. Sori (Fig. 1) in all flowers of a panicle, completely hidden by the glumes, filling the flowers with a grey to greyish-black mixture of dark spore balls and numerous small, hyaline spores (hence the grey colour of the spore mass when dry), sori ca. 1.5 x 2—2.5 mm. The spore mass is replacing all central floral organs except the outermost 3-4 glumes; it is powdery except for the agglutinated, pointed top and rounded basal part. Spore balls (Figs. 4, 5) dark reddish-brown, ovoid, elongated, usually irregular, rather permanent, composed of 2—25 (or more?, mostly 2—10) pigmented spores, 15—35(—40) x 18—40(—S0) um, or spores single. Spores (Figs. 4, 5) reddish- to dark reddish-brown, variable in form, wregular, subpolyhedral or elongated, with flattened contact sides, hemiglobose or hemiovoid, 6.5—-15 x 12-20 um; wall smooth, of variable thickness (0.5—)1-4(-5) pm, thickest at the angles. Unpigmented spores (Figs. 4, 5) between the spore balls numerous, single or in groups but not forming balls, globose to broadly ellipsoidal, variable in size, 4-8 x 5—10 um, hyaline to very pale yellow; wall ca. 1 ym thick, in LM finely punctate which does not affect the spore profile, in SEM densely, irregularly verrucose. Germination of the pigmented spores (Fig. 2; on WA, at room temp., after one day) results in 2-4-celled basidia measuring 2-3 x 15-50 pm. On the basidia, on sterigmata, lateral and terminal, ovoid, long ellipsoidal to subfusiform basidiospores are produced measuring 1—1.5(—2) x 6—15(—20) um. On the basidia hyphae are also produced which later become septate and ramified. Germination of the colourless spores (Fig. 2), under the same conditions, results also in similar basidia and basidiospores but they are usually smaller, the basidia often only 2-celled. In a squashed piece from the basal part of the sorus, stained with cotton blue in lactophenol, abundant intra- and intercellular hyphae and young, hyaline spores were observed between spore balls of different developmental stages. Coiled groups of sporogenous hyphae did not precede the formation of spore balls, as it does in several spore ball forming genera of Ustilaginales (e. g. Moesziomyces, Sorosporium, Sporisorium, Thecaphora). 146 Fig. 1. Heterotolyposporium lepidospermae K. Vanky on Lepidosperma __ ensiforme (Rodway) D. I. Mors. A. Healthy, and B. infected panicle. C. Healthy, D. infected spikelet. E. and F. Sori with partly and completely removed floral envelopes. G. Agglutinated distal parts of the sori which fall entirely (type). Bars = 1 cm and 2 mm, respectively. 147 Fig. 2. Germinating pigmented and colourless spores of Heterotolyposporium lepidospermae K. Vanky with 2—4-celled basidia on which, on sterigmata, ovoid, long ellipsoidal to subfusiform basidiospores are produced (type; on WA, at room temp., after 1—2 days). Bar = 10 um 148 The dark, agglutinated, pointed top of the sori (Fig. 1 G) is easily detaching and falling from the powdery mass of spore mixture beneath. Infection must be systemic (all flowers of a panicle contain sori). The way of infection is not known. On Cyperaceae: Lepidosperma ensiforme (Rodway) D. I. Morris. Known only from Australia, Tasmania, from the type collection. A further species belonging to this new genus is: Heterotolyposporium piluliforme (Berkeley) K. Vanky, comb. nov. Basionym: Uredo piluliformis Berkeley (as "pilulaeformis"), London J. Bot. 2:523 (as "423"), 1843. — Ustilago piluliformis (Berk.) L.-R. & C. Tulasne, 1847:93. — Cintractia piluliformis (Berk.) P. Hennings, 1898:293. — Sorosporium piluliforme (Berk.) McAlpine, 1910:180 (as "piluliformis"). — Type on Juncus sp., Republic of South Africa, Uitenhage, December, coll. Zeyher (89). Ustilago muelleriana Thiimen, in Thiimen, Mycotheca universalis No. 623, 1877; 1878:444. — Cintractia muelleriana (Thiimen) Ciferni, 1931:72. — Type on Juncus planifolius R. Br., Australia, Victoria, River Loddon, summer 1875, coll. F. v. Mueller. Isotypes in Thiimen, Mycoth. univ. No. 623 (HUV 1698!). Sori (Fig. 3) naked, globoid or elongated, comprising the basal part of the capsule or more commonly the whole capsule and all central floral organs, not rarely also including the basal part of the perianth segments or the whole flower. In the inflorescence one or several, more rarely all flowers may be destroyed and transformed into globoid, ovoid or lobed bodies of 1-2 mm or up to 3 mm by confluence, rather compact with a powdery surface, grey or greyish-black due to the mixture of dark spore balls and hyaline, single spores. Sori rarely also around the basal part of a branch in the inflorescence, in this case elongated (5—10 mm). Dark spores agglutinated in balls or single. Spore balls (Figs. 6, 7) rather permanent, subglobose, ovoid, irregular or elongated, 15-30 x 20-50 ym, dark reddish-brown to opaque, composed of 2—10(—15) spores. Spores (Figs. 6, 7) subglobose, ellipsoidal, hemiglobose, usually irregular with flattened contact sides, 8-15 x 12—20 um, dark reddish-brown; wall uneven, 1—3 um wide, thickest at the angles and on the free surface; contact sides smooth, free surface irregularly, incompletely, densely verrucose-reticulate. Colourless spores (Figs. 6, 7) globose, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoidal, variable in size, 6.5—-11 x 6.5—15 um; globose spores 6.5—11 um in diameter, hyaline; wall even, 0.5—1 um thick, in LM smooth in SEM rough, due to low warts. Four months old colourless spores germinated easily (Fig. 8; at room temp., after 1-2 days). On water agar shorter, 1-celled, or longer, septate basidia developed producing ovoid or subcylindrical basidiospores and hyphae. On MYP (Fig. 9) septate basidia were produced on which abundant basidiospores, hyphae and septate, basidium-like structures developed. Germination of the pigmented spores (Fig. 10; treated with Amisept, kept on WA for one month, transferred to MYP, at room temp., after 3 days; Dr. R. Bauer) resulted in 3—7-celled basidia measuring 3-4 x 50-70 um. Basidial cells often copulate in pairs and develop small, ovoid to large, subcylindrical basidiospores measuring 2—2.5 x 4—8 to 3.5—-6 x 15-35 pm, and also slender, septate, ramifying hyphae. 149 Fig. 3. Sori of Heterotolyposporium piluliforme (Berk.) K. Vanky in the flowers, rarely around the basal part of a branch in the inflorescence (arrow) of Juncus caespitosus E. Mey. (Vanky, Ust. exs. No. 840). Bar = 1 cm. 150 Figs. 4, 5. Pigmented spores, balls of pigmented spores and small, colourless spores of Heterotolyposporium lepidospermae K. Vanky on Lepidosperma ensiforme (Rodway) D. I. Morris in LM and in SEM (type). Figs. 6, 7. Pigmented spores, balls of pigmented spores and small, colourless spores of Heterotolyposporium piluliforme (Berk.) K. Vanky on Juncus planifolius R. Br., Australia, Tasmania, West Coast, near Strahan, 12.III.1996, coll. C. & K. Vanky (HUV 17648, Vanky, Ust. exs. No. 958). Bars = 10 pm 151 Fig. 8. Germinating colourless spores of Heterotolyposporium piluliforme (Berk.) K. Vanky on Juncus planifolius R. Br. (on WA, at room temp., after 1—2 days), with 1—4-celled basidia on which large, subcylindrical basidiospores and ramified, septate hyphae are produced (HUV 17648). Bar = 10 pm 1S2 Fig. 9. A germinating colourless spore of Heterotolyposporium piluliforme (Berk.) K. Vanky on Juncus planifolius R. Br. (on MYP). On a septate basidium (already empty) abundant basidiospores and hyphae, and also basidium-like structures are produced (HUV 17648). Bar = 10 pm Fig. 10. Germinating pigmented spores of Hetero- tolyposporium piluliforme (Berk.) K. Vanky on Juncus planifolius R. Br. with 3-7-celled basidia. Basidial cells fusing by shorter or longer copulation bridges. On the basidia ovoid to long naviculiform basidiospores and also septate, ramifying hyphae are produced (spores treated with Amisept, kept on WA for 1 month, transferred to MYP, at room temp., after 3 days; HUV 17648). Bar = 10 pm 153 154 Development of spore balls and colourless spores was observed in the central, basal part of the sori where these differentiated within abundant fascicles of hyphae. The spore balls are developing like those of Tolyposporium junci, not from coiled sporogenous hyphae, as is typical for several spore ball forming genera of Ustilaginales. Mixed with spore balls of different stages of maturation, numerous young, globoid, hyaline spores were observed. On Juncaceae: Juncus caespitosus E. Mey., J. capensis Thiinb., and J. planifolius R. Br., South Africa, South Australia and New Zealand. DISCUSSION Heterotolyposporium is the sole genus of Ustilaginales possessing a mixture of two different kinds of spores within the same sorus, both germinating more or less similar. In Conidiosporomyces K. Vanky (type C. ayresii (Berk.) K. Vanky on Panicum maximum Jacq.) between the single, pigmented, thick-walled spores, groups of hyaline, thin-walled, Y-shaped conidia are present (comp. Vanky & Bauer, 1992). The sorus localisation and appearance in Heterotolyposporium piluliforme is rather similar to that of Tolyposporium junci (Schréter) Woronin (type on Juncus bufonius L.). In this species, however, only dark-coloured spore balls are present. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Dr. S. Toth (Gédéll6, Hungary) for providing the Latin descriptions, to Prof. emeritus N. Lundqvist (Stockholm, Sweden) for reading the manuscript and serving as pre-submission reviewer, to Dr. R. Bauer (Tibingen, Germany) for germinating the pigmented spores of Heterotolyposporium piluliforme, and to Dr. D. I. Morris (Hobart, Australia) for identifying Lepidosperma ensiforme. | acknowledge the assistance of Mr. H. Schoppmann and Mr. F. Albrecht (Tiibingen, Germany) with SEM and photographic work, respectively. LITERATURE CITED Berkeley, M. J. 1843. Enumeration of fungi, collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage. — London J. Bot. 2:507-527 + Pl. XII. Ciferri, R. 1931. Quinta contribuzione allo studio degli Ustilaginales. — Ann. Mycol. 29:1-74. Hennings, P. 1898. Fungi austro-africani II. - Hedwigia 37:293-295. Kukkonen, I. & Hyytidinen, R. 1969. A method for sterilizing spores of Anthracoidea (Ustilaginales) and the effect of sterilization on spore germination. — Ann. Bot. Fenn. 6:243-254. McAlpine, D. 1910. The smuts of Australia, etc. - Melbourne, 285 pp. Thiimen von, F. 1878. Symbolae ad floram mycologicam Australiae. II. — Flora 61:440-444. Tulasne, L.-R. & C. 1847. Mémoire sur les Ustilaginées comparées aux Urédinées. — Ann Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 7:12-127. Vanky, K. 1987. Illustrated genera of smut fungi. — Cryptogamic Studies 1:1-159 (ed. W. Jiilich). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart/New York. --- & Bauer, R. 1992. Conidiosporomyces, a new genus of Ustilaginales. — Mycotaxon 43:426-435. MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 155-167 June-August 1997 TROPICAL HYPHOMYCETES OF MEXICO I. NEW SPECIES OF HEMICORYNESPORA, PIRICAUDA AND RHINOCLADIUM Angel Mercado Sierra ', Gabriela Heredia Abarca ” and Julio Mena Portales ' ' Instituto de Ecologia y Sistematica, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Medio Ambiente, La Habana, Cuba. 2 Insitituto de Ecologia , Apdo. Postal 63, Xalapa, Ver. 91000, México. ABSTRACT Three new species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes are described and illustrated: Hemicorynespora rostrata, Piricauda mexicana and Rhinocladium mexicanum. They were collected in tropical and semitropical areas from Mexico. Related species and distribution of the genera are discussed. Key words: Hyphomycetes, Piricauda, Hemicorynespora, Rhinocladium, tropical fungi, Mexico, Veracruz. INTRODUCTION This contribution is the first of a series that the authors are preparing, in order to increase the knowledge of the mexican hyphomycetes. Tropical areas are a major source of biodiversity; about 20% of mexican territory is composed of tropical and semitropical areas (Rzedowski, 1988). Knowledge of saprotrophic micromycetes in natural ecosystems remains underdeveloped in Mexico. Given the accelerated deforestation of tropical habitats, the task of a fungal 156 inventory represents a challenge for taxonomic mycologists. During the past five years periodic surveys have been carried out in tropical forests of the states of Veracruz and Campeche in order to collect conidial fungi from plant litter. Some new and interesting tropical hyphomycetes from Mexico have already been described by Heredia (1994), Mercado-Sierra and Heredia (1994), Heredia et al. (1995), Mercado-Sierra et al. (1995) and Mena-Portales ef al. (1995). In this present study all the material was studied in situ, and from preparations in lactophenol or in polyvinyl! alcohol. Specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the Instituto de Ecologia (XAL). SPECIES DESCRIPTION Hemicorynespora rostrata Mercado, Heredia et Mena sp. nov. Figs. 1 & 2a-b. Coloniae effusae, breve velutinae, brunneae. Mycelium plerumque in substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, brunneis, laevibus, 1.5-2.5 um diam. compositum. Conidiophora macronemata, mononemata, erecta, recta, non ramosa, cylindrica vel lageniformia, laevia, 1-6 septata, 51-102 um longa, 3.5-4.5 um crassa. Cellulae conidiogenae monotreticae, terminales, integratae, percurrentes, 12-21 x 3-5 um. Conidia acrogena, sicca, solitaria, laevia, naviculiformia vel obclaviformia, rostrata, infra medium |-septata, cellula basalis breve et pallidae brunneis, cellula apicalis brunneis ad apicem pallidioribus, 20-28 x 4-8 um, cicatrice basali 3-5 uum lata, apice 5-10 um longa, 1-1.5 ym lata. Holotypus: CON 266-1 (XAL). G. Heredia. 20/V/1994. Colonies effuse, slightly velvety, brown. Mycelium mostly immersed on the substratum, composed of branched, septate, brown, smooth walled hyphae, 1.5-2.5 um thick. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight, unbranched, cylindrical, smooth walled, brown to dark brown, 1-6-septate, 51-102 um long and 3.5-4.5 tum wide. Conidiogenous cells monotretic, terminal, integrated, percurrent, 12-21 x 3-5 um. Conidia dry, acrogenous, [57 y Ee HEY eee rape ey AG prs Fig. 1. Hemicorynespora rostrata sp. nov. a. Conidiophores growing over an undetermined conidiophore. b. Conidiophore, conidiogenous cells and conidia. 158 solitary, smooth walled, navicular or obclavate, rostrate, with a single transverse septum situated below the conidium center, the basal cell is short and pale brown, the apical cell is darker, with the apex rostrate and pale, 20-28 x 4-8 um, basal scar 3-5 um wide, apex rostrate 5-10 x 1-1.5 um. Holotype: CON 266-1 (XAL). G. Heredia. 20/V/1994. Habitat: Tropical rain forest. The Tropical Biology Station “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz. On rotten wood, growing on undetermined conidiophores. At present the genus Hemicorynespora M. B. Ellis comprises four species; H. deightonii M. B. Ellis, collected on dead branches of Bersama paullinioides from Sierra Leone (Ellis, 1972); H. mitrata (Penz. and Sacc.) M. B. Ellis on rotting monocotyledon leaves from Java (Ellis, 1972) and on dead leaf-sheath of Musa sapientum from Taiwan (Matsushima ,1987); H. aseptata Hol.-Jech., growing on dead rachis and petiole of palm-trees from Cuba (Holubova-Jechova, 1987), and H. naviculiformis Matsushima on dead leaves of Pandani sp. from Micronesia (Matsushima, 1981). H. rostrata has certain features in common with H. naviculiformis, which has conidia navicular, l-septate, concolorous and 18-30 x 6-7.5 uum. However, the new species differs from this and other species, by posessing rostrate, l-septate, conidia, with the basal cell paler than the apical. Furthermore, conidia of H. rostrata are narrower (4-7 um) than those of H. naviculiformis (6-7.5m). Piricauda mexicana Mercado, Heredia et Mena sp. nov. Figs. 2c & 3. Coloniae effusae, parvae, atrobrunneae, granulosae. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis pallide brunneis, septatis, laevibus compositum. Conidiophora micronemata, mononemata, ramosa, varie flexuosa, brunnea, laevia, 2.5-4 um crassa. Cellulae conidiogenae monotreticae, in conidiophora incorporatae, 159 Fig. 2. Hemicorynespora rostrata sp. nov. a-b. Conidia obclavate with rostrate apex. Piricauda mexicana sp. nov. ec. Mycelium over rotten wood and conidia with appendages. 160 cicatricatae. Conidia solitaria, sicca, forma valde variabili, subsphaerica, ovoidea, obovoidea, turbinata, obconica, ellipsoidea vel irregularia, olivaceo brunnea vel brunnea, leviter muriformia ubi matura, parietibus areolatis, 15-23 x 13-22 um, appendicibus brevibus 2-4, 1-4 septatis, 4-20 x 3-4.5 um, versus apicem attenuatis. Holotypus: CON52 (XAL). G. Heredia. 30/VII/1993. Colonies effuse, small, dark brown, granulose. Mycelium superficial composed of pale brown, septate, smooth, hyphae. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, branched, variously flexuose, brown, septate, smooth walled, 2.5-4 um thick. Conidiogenous cells monotretic, integrated, cicatrized. Conidia_ solitary, dry, subspherical, ovoid, obovoid, turbinate, obconical, ellipsoidal or irregular, olivaceous brown to brown or mid brown, minutely muriform when they are mature, thin-walled, with many vacuoles, 15-23 x 13-22 um, conidia possess 2-4 short appendages, 1-4 septate, 4-20 x 3- 4.5 um, slightly attenuate the apex. Holotype: CONS2 (XAL). G. Heredia. 30/VII/1993. Habitat: Cloud forest. Jardin Botanico F. J. Clavijero, Xalapa, Ver. On rachis of a palm-tree. All the species of Piricauda Bubak have a tropical distribution. Up to the present the known species are: P. paraguayensis (Speg.) R. T. Moore’ (the type species) collected on leaves of Bignonia, Citharexylum from Brazil and on Duranta leaves from Ecuador and Paraguay (Moore, 1958); P. cochinensis (Subram.) M. B. Ellis growing on dead spathes of Cocos nuciferae from India (Ellis, 1976); P. pseudarthriae (Hansf.) M. B. Ellis over leaves of Pseudarthria hookeri from Congo (Ellis, 1976); P. caribensis Mercado-Sierra on dead branches of an unidentified tree from Cuba (Holubova-Jechova and Mercado-Sierra, 1984); P. cubensis Hol.-Jech. and Mercado- Sierra over dead branches of Smilax havanensisfrom Cuba (Holubova-Jechova and Mercado-Sierra, 1984) and P. taiwanensis Matsushima from rotten leaf-rachis of Arengae engleri, Cocos nuciferae and Arecastri ramanzoffiani from Taiwan (Matsushima, 1987). 161 Spm 15pm Cuber Fig. 3. Piricauda mexicana sp. nov. a. Mature muriform conidia with appendages and vaculoes. b. Inmature conidia. c. Monotretic integrated conidiogenous cells. 162 P. mexicana differs from the above species by the shape and dimensions of its conidia and by the number and size of the conidium appendages. Piricauda mexicana resembles to P. cochinensis, but conidia in the latter are thick-walled, often verrucose at base, darkly pigmented, without vacuoles and with up to 15 septate appendages. A taxon which bears some resemblances is Piricaudilium lobatum Hol.-Jech. described on dead _ branches’ from Cuba (Holubova-Jechova, 1988). Conidia in this species are monotretic, dematiaceous and bear appendages but the body of the conidium is composed of branched narrow hyphae rather than dictyoseptate structure as in Piricauda mexicana. Conidia also are larger (30-64 x 32-48 um) than those of Piricauda mexicana (15-23 x 13-19 um). Rhinocladium mexicanum Mercado, Heredia et Mena sp.nov. Figs. 4 & 5. Coloniae effusae, brunneae, pilosae vel velutinae. Mycelium plerumque immersum, partim superficiale. Conidiophora plerumque micronemata, ex hyphis irregulariter vel dichotome ramosa, brunnea vel atrobrunnea, septata, laevia, ad 6-8 um crassa. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, denticulatae plerumque intercalares, denticulis grandibus, conspicuis, cylindricis,truncatis, 1.5-2.5 um long, 1-2 wm lata. Conidia solitaria, sicca, obturbinata vel cordiformia, brunnea, non septata, laevia, 8-13 x 6-9 um. Holotypus: C2-1 (XAL). G. Heredia. 20/V1I/1994. Colonies effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium often immersed or partly superficial. Conidiophores micronematous, composed of cylindrical crowded dichotomous branches, brown to dark brown, septate, smooth walled, 6-8 um wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, denticulate, mostly intercalary, with large, conspicuous, cylindrical, truncate denticles, 1.5-2.5 um high and 1-2 um wide. Conidia blastic, solitary, dry, obturbinate or heart-shaped, dark brown, nonseptate, smooth and thick-walled, 8-13 x 6-9 um. 163 20 pm lum mexicanum sp. Nov. Fig. 4. Rhinoclad 164 Holotype: C2-1 (XAL). G. Heredia. 20/V1/1994. Habitat: Tropical rain forest. Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Campeche. On inner surface of rotten wood. The genus Rhinocladium Sacc. and March. is characterized by polyblastic conidiogenous cells integrated on the conidiophores (Furlanetto and Dianese, 1995). Hughes (1980) on his review of Rhinocladium accepted four species, since then three species have been added to the genus. The type species, R. coprogenum Sacc. and March. was collected from rabbit dung on Belgicum. The remainder species are lignicolous saprophytic. R. dingleyae Hughes on rotten wood of Laurelia novae- zelandiae and on decaying branch of Tetrapathaea tetrandra from New Zealand (Hughes, 1980) and on decaying bark of Populus and rotten wood of Ulmus americana from United States (Wang and Sutton, 1982). R. havanense Mercado and Castafieda on a dead trunk of an unknown leguminous from Cuba (Mercado and Castafieda, 1987). R. lignicola (Sacc.) Hughes on rotten wood from France and on dead branches of Fagus grandifolia from United States. R. pulchrum Hughes and Holubova-Jechova on decaying wood and bark of Knightia excelsa from New Zealand; on Fagus sylvatica from Czechoslovakia; on Carpinus betulus from Hungary (Hughes, 1980); on Fagus sylvatica from England (Kirk, 1986) and on a rotten tree bark from Brazil (Furlanetto and Dianese, 1995). Recently Furlanetto and Dianese (1995) transfered two species to the genus Rhinocladium; R. abietina (Peck) Furlanetto and Dianese and R. mangenotii (Reisinger) Furlanetto and Dianese. The former was recorded on bark of prostate trunks from U.S. A. and the last on branches of Rhus cotinus from France. R. mexicanum is distinct from all described species of the genus by the peculiar shape of its conidia which are obturbinate or heart-shaped. The species of Rhinocladium described up to now possess sphaerical, ovoid, obovoid, pyriform or ellipsoidal conidia. 165 Fig. 5. Rhinocladium mexicanum sp. nov. a. Conidiophores. b. Conidiogenous cells denticulate and conidia rhomboidal or heart shape. 166 REFERENCES Ellis, M. B. 1972. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes XI. Mycological Papersel 31-25. Ellis, M. B. 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, Surrey. 507 pp. Furlanetto, C. and J. C. Dianese 1995. Rhinocladium pulchrum, a new record for Brazil and new combinations in Rhinocladium. Mycological Research 100 (2): 244-246. Heredia, G. 1994. Hifomicetes dematiaceos en bosque mes6ofilo de montafia. Registros nuevos para México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 27: 15-32. Heredia, G., A. Mercado-Sierra and J. Mena-Portales 1995. Conidial fungi from leaf litter in a mesophilic cloud forest of Veracruz, Mexico. Mycotaxon 55: 473-490. Holubova-Jechova, V. 1987. Studies on Hyphomycetes from Cuba VI. New and rare species with tretic and _phialidic conidiogenous cells. Ceska Mikologie 41: 107-114. Holubova-Jechova, V. 1988. Studies on Hyphomycetes from Cuba VIII. A new genus Piricaudilium and some species new for the territory of Cuba. Ceska Mikologie 42: 200-204. Holubova-Jechova, V. and A. Mercado-Sierra 1984. Studies on Hyphomycetes form Cuba IT. Hyphomycetes from the Isla de la Juventud. Ceska Mikologie 38: 97-120. Hughes, S. J. 1980. New Zealand Fungi 29. Rhinocladium Sacc. et March. New Zealand Journal of Botany 18: 163- 172. Kirk, P. M. 1986. New or interesting microfungi XV. Miscellaneous hyphomycetes from British Isles. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 86(3): 409-428. Matsushima, T. 1981. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs No.2. Published by the author. Kobe, Japan 68 pp. Matsushima, T. 1987. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs No.5. Published by the author. Kobe, Japan 100 pp. Mena-Portales, J., G. Heredia and A. Mercado-Sierra 1995. Especies de Bipolaris y Curvularia halladas sobre hojas de Quercus y Liquidambar en el estado de Veracruz, México. Revista 167 Mexicana de Micologia 11: 109-121. Mercado-Sierra, A., R. F.Castafieda-Ruiz 1987. Nuevos o raros hifomicetes de Cuba I. Especies de Cacumisporium, Guedea, Rhinocladium y Veronaea. Acta Botanica Cubana 50:1-7. Mercado-Sierra, A. and G. Heredia 1994. Hyphomycetes asociados a restos vegetales en el estado de Veracruz, México. Revist. Mexicana de Micologia 10: 33-48. Mercado-Sierra, A., G. Heredia and J. Mena-Portales 1995. New species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Veracruz, Mexico. Mycotaxon 55:491-499. Moore, R.T. 1958. Deuteromycetes I: The Sporidesmium complex. Mycologia 50: 681-692. Rzedowski, J. 1988. Vegetacion de México. LIMUSA, México. 432pp. Wang, C. J. K. and B. C. Sutton 1982. New and rare lignicolous hyphomycetes. Mycologia 74(3): 489-500. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the CONABIO (Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad) and by the Instituto de Ecologia from Mexico. The authors are indebted to Dr. S. J. Hughes and Dr. J. Guarro for reviewing the manuscript, Mr. Octavio Babilonia for drawing the figures, Dr. Pedro Herrera for the latin diagnoses and Biol. Greta Rosas Saito for technical assistance. } i ( Z 43 ay Ay a BO ; ’ ¥ } i iw), J iA Bh bai Sa: | okra i" sen 4 ‘ i j vi a Any or ai Oh ah at wc OY 7 lh (yas as Rg vi ‘ee i : ae r a : fat We Ast as, ah “fg esl ier ie UA et Ay ie ap i it yi me ‘ af 4 i. 2 Nl ibis int bs F ‘Se Bie re . bic mS 78 > ‘i an ; y .. S xa) \ Lore { ' veh Sart ERT A Vel ag ot: Me if oT MK wy a f t ‘ ap eT? Pay : a t anne cA i; ‘ke 2h ‘ Pat ee v4 a : \ iy ice Die ke tl! ‘enue jo Hutt d r L. ra hy in i : 4 ' : ale ff bor i ; : : iC 77 te j 5 .: ‘4 ¥ Hb \ te at tty AY “! ‘ 7 an ; : Hy { Phi veils 3 i a eae, P i> ae "A 4 (4 Goma ‘7 ye oer kee iv é ib a we Ee 4 uf; a .) bell ie iS sais He har i. .) oe ats Et MIA Re a ia * 4 fi ; | . Th. ‘ : ’ « . Aerat. ahha AP qui 0 oe sy ‘a i ; mi a i De it —— ‘ \ be. ane a i F ? ry ? ri rf T'S! 4 4 Ww ee? aF ae a Diy a hy 7 AA be 2 i oor r fal Fd rt Le u Aoh ay aot. 5 a My de W a j 2 ‘P, mV aA aT nt iid y, 7 Re, 4 i / ‘ r in ' ? ees ‘ ' ‘ j ) é ' i - & ‘ y' PP e aie \ ‘ 4 \ J * ; A ro ! ~ 4 " 4 la 4m re ; i , A ; Ve Dee ue } ; $ i i i ; i : i 7 \ ‘ + i} +a ; i ne ' I 7 i he : " af ‘3 a) beg ‘ +4 , bi} oy 4 ' 7 Am 7 sf Toa j ’ % ‘= ‘ iS ha Pa Me a4 ier 1. te : r Ber: 14 Ae ae 404 OL CPA a) , > oe aba easel) rea i, - 2 ‘ mg rt ve i z hy i bi : Art ae Ts s r a) ik eS | py 1 f e w. f 1 oe Me "4 fie! ior mm MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 169-181 June-August 1997 NOTES ON CONIDIAL FUNGI XII. NEW OR INTERESTING HYPHOMYCETES FROM CUBA R.F. Castafieda Ruiz’, J. Guarro? and J. Cano’ ‘Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “ Alejandro de Humboldt “ (INIFAT) Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba. *Facultat de Medicina i Ciencias de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201-Reus, Tarragona, Reus, Spain. ABSTRACT Idriella mycophila anam. sp. nov., distinguished by non-septate, cylindrical to fusiform, slightly uncinate conidia, found on conidiophores and conidia of Chalara sp., and Spadicoides obclavata var. heterocolorata var. nov. are described and illustrated. Two new combinations into Paratrichoconis are proposed and three conidial fungi are recorded for the first time from Cuba. Key words: /drella, Paratrichoconis, Spadicoides, tropical fungi, hyphomycetes, systematics, Cuba. RESUMEN Se describen e ilustran /driella mycophila anam. sp. nov. caracterizada por sus conidios no septados, de cilindricos a fusiformes, ligeramente uncinados, hallada sobre conididforos y conidios de Chalara sp., y Spadicoides obclavata var. heterocolorata var. nov. Se proponen dos nuevas combinaciones en Paratrichoconis, y se citan por primera vez para Cuba tres hongos conidiales. Palabras clave: /driella, Paratrichoconis, Spadicoides, hongos tropicales, hifomicetes, sistematica, Cuba. 170 Idriella mycophila Castafieda Ruiz, Guarro et Cano, anam. sp. nov. Figs. 1,2 Ad fungos conidiales, pertinens ad hyphomycetes. Coloniae funiculosae, mycophilae, brunneae. Mycelium plerumque superficiale, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, brunneis, 1-2 um diam., compositum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononematosa, simplicia (interdum in cellula conidiogena reducta), interdum ramosa, erecta, subulata, sed in apice leviter nodosa, laevia, 0-1-septata, 10-30 x 2.5-4 um, in basi brunnea vel dilute brunnea, in apice subhyalina. Cellulae conidiogenae_ polyblasticae, terminales, interdum discretae, subhyalinae, inconspicue denticulatae, in conidiophoris incorporatae. Conidia anguste comma- formia usque claviformia, obtusa ad apicem, leviter curvata, attenuata et trucata ad basim, unicellulana, laevia, 7-13 x 1-1.5 um, sicca, hyalina. Chlamydosporae nullae in agaro farina avenaceae. Teleomorphosis ignota. Matrix: In conidiophons et conidiis Chalarae sp. in foliis putndis, Santiago de Cuba, La Gran Piedra, Cuba, legit R.F. Castafieda Ruiz, 2-X!I-1994. Holotypus: INIFAT C94/131, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba. Conidial fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies funiculose, mycophilous, brown. Mycelium mostly superficial. Hyphae septate, branched, smooth, brown, 1 - 2 um diam. Conidiophores differentiated (sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cell), mononematous, unbranched, occasionally branched, erect, subulate, but slightly nodose at the apex, smooth, 0-1-septate, 10 - 30 x 2.5 - 4 um, brown to pale brown at the base, subhyaline at the apex. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal, sometimes discrete, subhyaline, denticulate, integrated. Conidia narrowly comma-shaped to clavate, obtuse at the apex, slightly curved, attenuate and truncate at the base, one-celled, smooth, 7 - 13 x 1 - 1.5 um, dry, hyaline. Chlamydospores absent on oat meal agar. Teleomorph unknown. Matrix: On conidiophores and conidia of Chalara sp. on rotten leaves, Santiago de Cuba, La Gran Piedra, Cuba, col. R. F. Castafeda Ruiz, November 2, 1994. Holotype: INIFAT C94/131, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba. Cultures ex type deposited: INIFAT C94/131, CBS 192.95, MUCL 39156. Idriella mycophila superficially resembles /. taiwanensis Matsushima (1980) and |. jambosae Castaneda Ruiz et Kendrick (1991), but is different in conidial morphology and size. /. taiwanensis has cylindrical to fusiform conidia, 12 - 19 x 2 - 3 um and in /. jambosae they are cylindrical, asymmetrical, 3 - 5 x 1 - 1.5 um. The other published species of /driella (Morgan-Jones, 1979; v. Arx, 1981; Castaneda Ruiz, 1985 a, b, 1986; Matsushima, 1975, 1985; Subramanian & Bhat, 1987) are very different from /. mycophila. 171 Fig.1.- Idriella mycophila (INIFAT C94/131). Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia (bar = 10 um) 172 Fig.2.- Idriella mycophila (INIFAT C94/131). a,b, Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; c, Conidia (a, c, bar = 10 um; b, bar = 25 um ). Paratrichoconis antillana (INIFAT C94/21). d, Conidiophore, conidiogenous cells and conidia; e, conidium; f, Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells (d, f, bar = 25 um; e, bar = 10 um). 173 Paratrichoconis antillana (Castafieda Ruiz) Castafeda Ruiz, comb. nov. Figs. 2.3 Basionym: Camposporium antillanum Castafieda Ruiz, Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes III, pag.2 (1985). Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt’, Habana. Colonies spreading, hairy, amphigenous, brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed. Hyphae septate, branched, smooth-walled, brown to pale brown, 1 - 2 um_ diam. Conidiophores differentiated, mononematous, erect, straight, subulate, 5 - 10 septate, smooth, unbranched, 100 - 260 x 8 - 10 ym. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, sympodial, terminal, denticulate, pale brown. Separating cells cylindrical, subhyaline, 3.5 - 6 ym long. Conidia obclavate to slightly fusiform, slightly unequilateral, 45 - 55 x 6 - 8 um, hyaline to subhyaline, fimbriate at the base, dry, smooth-walled with an apical, filiform, appendage 15 - 40 um long. Teleomorph unknown. Specimen examined: INIFAT C85/36 (holotype); INIFAT C94/21, (MUCL 39190) on dead leaves of Theobroma cacao, Santiago de las Vegas, INIFAT Campus, C. Habana, Cuba, col. R. F. Castafeda Ruiz, January 15. 1994. The genus Paratrichoconis Deighton & Pirozynski (1972), is characterized by its differentiated, brown conidiophores and polyblastic, integrated, terminal or intercalary, sympodial, denticulate conidiogenous cells; each denticle is clearly separated from the conidiogenous cell by a septum to form a separating cell and conidia septate, narrowly ellipsoid or fusiform to obclavate, septate, hyaline to subhyaline, sometimes with a cellular appendage at the apex. Camposporium Harkness (Ellis, 1971) is a similar genus but conidia are pigmented. We recently collected a specimen from the East of Cuba which is a typical Paratrichoconis resembling P. chinensis (Hansf.) Deighton & Pirozynski. An identical fungus had been described as Scolecobasidium fusarioides by Matsushima (1993). It has clear separating cells and rhexolytic conidial secession. The following new combination is proposed: Paratrichoconis fusarioidea (Matsushima) Castafieda Ruiz, Guarro et Cano comb. nov. Figs. 4,5 Basionym: Scolecobasidium fusarioides Matsushima Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 7: 65 (1993) T. Matsushima, Kobe. 174 Soere: Fig.3.- Paratrichoconis antillana (INIFAT C94/21). Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia (bar = 10 um) 175 Colonies on substrate hairy, spreading, pale brown. Mycelium mostly superficial. Hyphae septate, branched, smooth-walled, brown, 1.5 - 2.5 um diam. Conidiophores conspicuous, mononematous, upright, straight, flexuous or slightly geniculate, unbranched, O - 3 septate, smooth, brown at the base, subhyaline at the apex, 20 - 40 x 4 - 4.5 um. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal, denticulate, integrated, sympodial, pale brown. Separating cells cylindrical-filiform, subhyaline, 2 - 3.5 um long. Conidia obclavate to subfusiform, apex obtuse, base with a conspicuous scar and remains the separating cell, (3) 6 - 7 septate, smooth, subhyaline or pale olive-colored, inequilateral, sometimes slightly curved, dry, (12) 32 - 50 x (2.5) 3 - 4 um. Specimen examined: INIFAT C94/158 (MUCL 39151, CBS 210.95 and IMI 367532), on sporophores of unidentified myxomycete on rotten leaves. Santiago de Cuba, La Gran Piedra, Cuba, col. R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, November 2, 1994. The main difference between P. fusarioidea and P. chinensis is the conidia shape, which is fusiform in the latter. Fig.4.- Paratrichoconis fusarioidea (INIFAT (C94/158). a, Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; b,c, Conidiophore, conidiogenous cells and conidia; d, Conidia, (a, c, d, bar = 10 um; b, bar = 25 um ). 176 Fig.5.- Paratrichoconis fusarioidea (INIFAT C94/158). Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia, (bar = 10 um). ETT Spadicoides obclavata A.J. Kuthubutheen et A. Nawawi var. heterocolorata Castaneda Ruiz, Guarro et Cano var. nov. Figs. 6,7 Ad fungos conidiales, pertinens ad hyphomycetes. Coloniae effusae, pilosae, atrobrunneae, amphigenae. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim in substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, 2-3 um diam., compositum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononematosa, eramosa interdum ramosa, saepe in apice ramosa, cylindrica, erecta, recta, 6-13 septata, heterocolorata (in basi et in septis atrobrunnea, plerumque in apice atrobrunnea sed saepissime cum cellulis centralibus brunneis vel atrobrunneis et prope septis dilute brunneis); laevia, usque ad 420 um longa et 6-10 um lata. Cellulae conidiogenae polytreticae, sympodiales, terminales et intercalares, poris manifestis praeditae. Conidia obclavata, 1-(2) septata, laevia, sicca, cum cellulis basalibus atrobrunneis et cellulis apicalibus brunneis vel dilute brunneis, 16-25 x 3.5-5 um. Synanamorphosis: Selenosporeila similis, conidii et saepe conidiophororum cellulae apicales in cellulas conidiogenas polyblasticas denticulatae convertuntur; microconidia anguste, fusiformia, non septata, hyalina, 4-7 x 0.5-1 um. Matrix: /n foliis dejectis non determinatis, Vifiales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, leg. R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, 11-XI-1994. Holotypus: INIFAT C94/166, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba. Conidial fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies spreading, hairy, dark brown, amphigenous. Mycelium superficial and immersed. Hyphae septate, branched, smooth, 2 - 3 um diam. Conidiophores differentiated, mononematous, unbranched, sometimes branched at the apex, cylindrical, erect, straight, 6 - 13 septate, versicolored, dark brown at the base and septa, mostly dark brown at the apex, but very often with central cells brown to dark brown and pale brown near septa; smooth, up to 420 x 6 - 10 um. Conidiogenous cells polytretic, sympodial, terminal and intercalary, with evident pores. Conidia obclavate, 1 - 2 septate, mostly 1-septate, smooth, dry, with basal cell dark brown and apical cells brown to pale brown, 16 - 25 x 3.5 - 5 um. Synanamorph: Selenosporelia-like, the apical cell of the conidia and sometimes the apical cell of the conidiophores become polyblastic conidiogenous cells; microconidia narrow fusiform, one celled, hyaline, 4- 7x 0.5- 1 um. Matrix: on unidentified dead leaves, Vifhales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, col. R.F. Castaheda, November 11, 1994. Holotype: INIFAT C 94/166, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba. Spadicoides obclavata var. heterocolorata strongly resembles S. obclavata var. Obclavata A. J. Kuthubutheen & A. Nawawi (1991); both have the same conidial morphology and size, but conidiophores in the former are tipically 178 Fig.6.- Spadicoides obclavata var. heterocolorata (INIFAT C94/166). a,b,c,d, Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. e, Conidia (a, bar = 40 jum; b-e, bar = 10 um) £79 hores, . Conidiop coides obclavata var. heterocolorata (INIFAT C94/166) conidiogenous cells and conidia. (bar = 10 wm) Fig.7.- Spadi 180 darkly pigmented at the apex and in the centre of the upper cells and pale brown at the septa, whereas Spadicoides obclavata var. obclavata has conidiophores which are dark brown towards the base and brown to pale brown at the apex, and the conidia are 2-septate. Other Conidial Fungi recorded for the first time from Cuba. Dictyosporium micronesicum Matsushima, Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 2:8 (1981). Matsushima, Kobe. Specimens examined: INIFAT C90/50-3, on rotten leaves of unidentified plant. Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. col. R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, January 26, 1990. INIFAT C92/115, on rotten leaves, Vihales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. col. R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, April 14, 1992. Circinotrichum ponmudiensis Varghese & Rao, Botaniska Notiser 131: 215 (1978). Specimens examined: INIFAT C91/10, on dead leaves of Bucida palustris, San José de las Lajas, Habana, Cuba. col. R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, January 7, 1991. INIFAT C91/163, on dead leaves of Pimenta dioica, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. col. R. F. Castafteda Ruiz, June 15, 1991. INIFAT C94/85, on rotten leaves, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. col. R. F. Castafieda Ruiz, November 6, 1994. Cultures deposited: INIFAT C94/85 (=CBS 185.95). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Dr. E. Descals (Inst. Mediterrani d’ Estudis Avangats de les Balears) (C.S.I.C.) for serving as pre-submission reviewer, Dr. J.M. Escola (Dept. de Filologia Catalana, Univ. Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain) for correcting Latin descriptions and Miss Ayleé Medina for her assistance. We are indebted to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture for facilities during this work. This work was supported by the “Fundacié Ciencia i Salut’, Reus, Spain. 181 REFERENCES Arx, J. A. von (1981): Notes on Microdochium and Idriella. Sydowia 34: 30-38. Castaneda Ruiz, R. F. (1985 a): Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes II. Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”, Habana 23 pp. Castafeda Ruiz, R. F. (1985 b): Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes. Revista del Jardin Botanico Nacional 6: 47-67. Castaneda Ruiz, R. F. (1986): Fungi Cubenses. Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt’, Habana, 64 pp. Castafeda Ruiz, R. F. & Kendrick, B. (1991): Ninety-nine conidial fungi from Cuba and three from Canada. University of Waterloo Biology Series 35: 1-132. Deighton, F. C. & Pirozynski, K. A. (1972): Microfungi V. More hyperparasitic hyphomycetes. Mycological Paper 128: 1-110. Ellis, M. B. (1971): Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. Kuthubutheen, A. J. & Nawawi, A. (1991): Two new species of Spadicoides from Malaysia. Mycological Research 95: 163-168. Matsushima, T. (1975): Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Published by T. Matsushima, Kobe. Matsushima, T. (1985): Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 4: 1-68, published by T. Matsushima, Kobe. Matsushima, T. (1993): Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 7: 1-75+131pls, published by T. Matsushima, Kobe. Morgan-Jones, G. (1979): Notes on Hyphomycetes XXX. On three species of Idriella. Mycotaxon 8: 402-410. Subramanian, C. V. & Bhat, D. J. (1987): Hyphomycetes from South India I. Some new taxa. Kavaka 15: 41-74. i) v7 A, + t © see PAY i¢ 7” ‘ 4 ) AY, ake } | ‘ <, ‘ | bh ahs, 4 18 ay < fh \ 5 as) 1 { é ree ake x Aynda ty 7 . r a , , ea¢ ‘ , ree fl VE ee st ens 4 inmnid’ Pil / p ; Pra Nay ae i> Awe ith me i an Ae - ‘ f } a Ly ANY Wt y ; Ne vid ; ANY) ed * Z i is i Laas a4 ( Mi] 4 4 iy b Ps ee, : : * , Whit is if ui v hc, weer, ie # fF ; d a i , s) ae 1 Wile ADM Saat! MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 183-187 June-August 1997 NOTES ON CONIDIAL FUNGI. XIII. A NEW SPECIES OF CLADOSPORIUM FROM CUBA R. F. CASTANEDA RUIZ’, B. KENDRICK? AND J. GENE® ‘Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical "Alejandro de Humboldt" (INIFAT) calle 1, esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba. 78727 Lochside Drive, Sidney, B.C. Canada V8L 1M8, *Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciéncies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain. ABSTRACT Cladosporium helicosporum anam.-sp. nov., found on dead leaves of Laciasis divancata from a rainforest in Cuba, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by polyblastic, sympodially extending, and lightly scarred conidiogenous cells from which arise curved, sigmoid or coiled, pale brown conidia in acropetal chains. Some notes on relevant genera are given. Key words: Alysidium, Alysidiopsis, Cladosporium, Helicomina, Retroconis, systematics, tropical fungi, Cuba. TAXONOMIC PART Cladosporium helicosporum Castafieda et Kendrick, anam.-sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Ad fungos conidiales, hyphomycetes pertinens. Coloniae effusae, velutinae, hypophylilae, brunneae. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim in substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, brunneis, 2-2.5 um diam. compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa, mononematosa, ramosa, erecta, septata, laevia, brunnea ad basim, pallidiora sursum, usque 250 um alta, 4-7um crassa ad basim, rami 50-170 um longi. Cellulae conidiogenae polyblasticae, in conidiophons et ramulis incorporatae, terminales et postea_ intercalares, sympodiales, manifeste cicatrcatae, interdum leniter denticulatae, -pallide brunneae, 5-21 x 2-2.5 um. Conidia blastocatenata, multimorpha (ellipsoidea, fusiformia, cylindrica, Y-formia, sigmoidea, helicoidea usque uncinata; distalia conidia plerumque helicoidea vel sigmoidea), O-2-septata, plerumque 0-septata, sicca, laevia, subhyalina usque pallide brunnea, 6-25 x 2-4 um. Teleomorphosis ignota. Matrix: In foliis dejectis Laciasis divaricatae in silvae, La Chorrera, La Habana, Cuba. Holotypus: |NIFAT C92/207-1, leg. R. F. Castafieda et B. Kendrick, 14-IV-1992. Isotypus: MUCL 39868. 184 Fig. 1. Cladosporium helicosporum (INIFAT C92/207-1). Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Fig. 2. Cladosporium helicosporum (\NIFAT C92/207-1). Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars: a = 50 um, b = 40 um, c-e = 10 um). 186 Conidial fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies spreading, velvety, hypophyllous, brown. Mycelium partly superficial and partly immersed in the substrate. Hyphae septate, branched, smooth-walled, brown, 2-2.5 um diam. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, branched, erect, septate, smooth-walled, brown at the base, pale above, up to 250 um tall, 4-7 wm wide at the base, branches 50-170 um long. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated on conidiophores and branches, terminal but becoming intercalary, sympodial, with conspicuous scars, sometimes slightly denticulate, pale brown, 5-21 x 2-2.5 um. Conidia blastocatenate, variable in shape (ellipsoid, fusiform, cylindrical, Y-shaped, sigmoid, helicoid to uncinate; distal conidia mostly helicoid or sigmoid), O-2-septate, mostly O-septate, dry, smooth-walled, subhyaline to pale brown, 6-25 x 2-4 um. Teleomorph unknown. Habitat: On dead leaves of Laciasis divancata from a rainforest, La Chorrera, La Habana, Cuba. Holotype: INIFAT C92/207-1, R.F. Castafieda and B. Kendrick, 14 Apr. 1992. Isotype: MUCL 39868. The conidial ontogeny of C. helicosporum is typical of Cladosporium Link (de Vries 1952: Ellis 1971, 1976; Matsushima 1975; Castaneda 1987: Castaneda and Kendrick 1991) and also of several closely similar genera such as Alysidium Kunze (Ellis 1971; Castafeda 1986; Castafeda and Kendrick 1990, 1991), Alysidiopsis Sutton (1973; Arnold and Castafieda, 1986) and Retroconis de Hoog & Batenburg-Van der Vegte (1989). It is sometimes difficult to establish morphoiogical distinctions among those genera (Kendrick 1980). However, no previously described species of any of the above-mentioned genera has coiled or sigmoid conidia like those of C. helicosporum. The conidia of Helicomina Olive show some resemblance (Ellis 1971, 1976) and its conidiogenous cells are also polyblastic. However, the conidia are always solitary (never in chains). Despite the singular characteristics of our new species, we do not propose a new genus for it, because its conidial ontogeny and arrangement of its conidiophores and conidial chains can be accommodated within the current concept of Cladosporium. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to Dr Enrique Descals (Inst. Estudis Avangats de les Illes Balears, U.1.B./C.S.1.C.) for serving as pre-submission reviewer, and to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture for research facilities. REFERENCES ARNOLD, G.R.W. and R.F. CASTANEDA RUIZ. 1986. Neue Hyphomyzeten-arten aus Kuba. Feddes Repertonum 97: 79-88. CASTANEDA RUIZ, R.F. 1986. Deuteromycotina de Cuba. Hyphomycetes IV. Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical "Alejandro de Humboldt”, Habana, 17 pp. CASTANEDA RUIZ, R.F. 1987. Fungi Cubenses: Il. Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical "Alejandro de Humboldt", Habana, 22 pp. 187 CASTANEDA RUIZ, R.F. and B. KENDRICK. 1990. Conidial fungi from Cuba: |. University of Waterloo Biology Senes 32: 1-53. CASTANEDA RUIZ, R.F. and B. KENDRICK. 1991. Ninety-nine conidial fungi from Cuba and three from Canada. University of Waterloo Biology Senes 35: 1-132. DE HOOG, G.S. and W.H. BATENBURG-VAN DER VEGTE. 1989. Retroconis, a new genus of ascomycetous Hyphomycetes. Sfudies in Mycology 31: 99-105. DE VRIES, G.A. 1952. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cladosporium. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, 121 pp. ELLIS, M.B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, 608 pp. ELLIS, MB. 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, 507 pp. KENDRICK, B. 1980. The generic concept in hyphomycetes - a reappraisal. Mycotaxon 11: 339-364. MATSUSHIMA, T. 1975. [cones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. T. Matsushima, Kobe, 209 pp. SUTTON, B.C. 1973. Hyphomycetes from Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. C.M.1. Mycological Papers 132: 1-143. Pix J ‘ ie Paty 4 Ry ; ae : Jerk i p 7% , oe ee AY 5 ( 1 iN 7 ° MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 189-194 June-August 1997 PERONOSPORA ON FRAGARIA O. Constantinescu! & G. Negrean* 'Botanical Museum, Uppsala University, Villavdgen 6, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden ?Herbarul Micologic, Institutul de Biologie, Spl. Independentei 296, Bucuresti 17, Romania Abstract. The presence of Peronospora on Fragaria, a previously disputed fungus-host association, is confirmed from collections in Romania. The fungus is described, illustrated, and ascribed to Peronospora sparsa. Peronospora fragariae Roze & Cornu, an oomycetous fungus parasitic on Fragaria vesca L, was originally described from Montmorency near Paris, France (Cornu 1876). No type or other original herbarium material has been preserved. Schréter (1877) and Fischer (1892) considered that this fungus does not differ from the Peronospora parasitic on plants belonging to other genera of Rosaceae, such as Agrimonia, Potentilla, Rubus, and Sanguisorba. They regarded P. fragariae as a synonym of P. potentillae de Bary. Subsequently, several authors mentioned Fragaria vesca as host of P. potentillae (Berlese 1898; Jaczewski 1901; Berlese 1902). Nevertheless, other students of Peronosporaceae (Gaiumann 1923; Jaczewski & Jaczewski 1931; Ul'yanishchev 1967; Novotel'nova & Pystina 1985; Ul'yanishchev ef al. 1985) treated P. fragariae as a distinct taxon, confined to Fragaria spp., whereas Constantinescu & Negrean (1983) considered Fragaria vesca as one of the hosts of Peronospora sparsa Berk. Viennot-Bourgin (1956) examined a specimen of P. fragariae distributed in Roumeguére, Fungi gallici exs. no. 1929 and found out that its host is Potentilla sterilis (L.) Garcke (=Potentilla fragariastrum Pers.) and not Fragaria vesca as indicated on the label. Although his observation was not based on the examination of the specimen collected and studied by the original authors, the presence of Peronospora on Fragaria was considered doubtful (Kochman & Majewski 1970; Skalicky 1983; Hall 1989), and Fragaria was not mentioned as host in the compilation of names described in Peronospora (Constantinescu 1991). Because doubts about the presence of Peronospora on Fragaria have been advanced, eight specimens of this fungus-host combination, collected in Romania between 1969 and 1981, were studied. 190 Description of the fungus On the upper surface of attacked leaves, the tissues invaded by the fungus show symptoms ranging from yellowish discoloured areas, to numerous, 1-20 mm diam. spots, brownish to reddish brown, sometimes with a violaceous tinge, discrete or coalesced, and with diffuse margins. The down is hypophyllous, whitish and hardly visible in young stages, becoming ochre when mature, and consists of conidiophores, either solitary or aggregated in patches. Conidiophores slender, more or less straight, (360—) 418-737 (—1030) um long; basal vesicle slightly bulbous, up to 16 wm wide; trunk (260—) 302-566 (—780) (n=29) um long, of more or less uniform width, 5—7 (-11) wm at the base, 7-10 um wide below the first branch; branches flexuous, dichotomously divided (3-) 4-6 times, ultimate branchlets subulate, up to 23 wm long, tip round; conidia when young almost globose, later broadly ellipsoidal, pale yellow, (17—) 18-21 (—23) um long, (14-) 14-5-17 (-19) um wide, length/breadth ratio (1-11—) 1-15—1-25 (—1-40) (n=68), broadest part median, rarely supra-median, wall 0-3-—0-5 wm thick, smooth in young conidia, verruculose in mature ones, pedicel hardly visible. Sexual organs not found. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. All on Fragaria vesca L., im Romania, collected by G. Negrean (except for 49862), and preserved in herb. BUCM. Prahova Co., Plopeni Forest, 19 June 1977 (49066); Suceava Co., Vatra Dornei, Dealul Negru, 11 Aug. 1980 (56614); ditto, Plaiul Birgau, 26 Aug. 1979, (54762); Gorj Co., Cheile Sohodolului, 9 July 1977 (49108); Dimbovita Co., Bucegi Mts, Cheile Zanoagei, 12 Aug. 1976, (46249) Arges Co., Podul Dambovitei, Valea Crovului, 45 26 00N 25 15 46 E, Alt. ca 1000 m, 21 Oct. 1981, (67513); ditto, Iezer-Papusa, paraul lui Geanta, 8 July 1969, A. Richiteanu (49862); Salaj Co., Magura Simleului, 1 Sep. 1977 (49863). Discussion The hosts in the above specimens definitely belong to Fragaria vesca. In four out of eight specimens fruits are also present (Fig. 1). This eliminates all previous doubts about the existence of Peronospora-Fragaria combination. According to Constantinescu (1996) the size and shape of conidia in Peronospora parasitic on Rosaceae allow the separation of two discrete units, P. sparsa and P. potentillae. The morphological characters of the fungus occurring on Fragaria vesca indicate that it belongs to Peronospora sparsa Berk., as described by Francis (1981), Hall et al. (1992), and Constantinescu (1996). In adopting Viennot-Bourgin’s (1956) view, Skalicky (1983) considered P. fragariae a distinct species, but confined to Potentilla sterilis. He provided a description of this fungus based on the examination of specimens of Peronospora on Potentilla sterilis distributed in several exsiccatae and selected a neotype. We have also examined the duplicates of these exsiccatae and, in addition, the same fungus-host combination in the following collections: Roumeg. - Fungi gal. exs. No 2446, Roumeg. - Fungi sel. exs. No. 4644, Kunze - Fungi sel. exs. No. 588, and Herb. Barbey-Boissier No. 1490 (all in herb. UPS). The morphological characters of the fungus on Potentilla sterilis show that it differs from the fungus described here on Fragaria, and that it belongs to Peronospora potentillae de Bary sensu lato. In the most recent description of Peronospora potentillae (Hall 1991), Potentilla sterilis is listed as one of the host of this fungus. 191 Fig. 1-3. Peronospora sparsa on Fragaria vesca. 1. Scape with pedicels and fruits, and leaves of Fragaria; the dark spots on leaves are the result of fungus attack. 2. Conidia showing wall ornamentation (arrowheads). 3. Conidiophore and conidia. Bar = 5 wm for 2, and 20 wm for 3. From BUCM 48108. 192 J Fig. 4. Peronospora sparsa on Fragaria vesca. Conidiophore, ultimate branchlets, young and mature conidia. Bar = 40 wm for conidiophore, and 10 ~m for ultimate branchlets and conidia. From BUCM 49066. 193 The possibility that Roze and Cornu mistook Potentilla sterilis for wild Fragaria vesca cannot be excluded. Although the presence of both plants around Paris is documented (Jeanpert 1953), it appears from the specimens collected in Romania that Fragaria is parasitized by Peronospora only in hilly or mountain areas. This is also supported by the occurrence records of this fungus-host association from Caucasus (Ul'yanishchev 1967; Novotel'nova & Pystina 1985; Ul'yanishchev ef al. 1985). Nevertheless, in the absence of the type specimen it cannot be excluded that P. fragariae has been, indeed, described from Fragaria. Consequently, Skalicky’s (1983) interpretation of P. fragariae is untenable. The epithet Peronospora potentillae-sterilis Gaum. (1923) relegated to synonymy of P. fragariae by Skalicky, may well be the correct name for the fungus parasitic on Potentilla sterilis, if a narrower species concept is applied. Peronospora fragariae should be considered conspecific with P. sparsa. In spite of the lack of original specimens, the information provided by Roze & Cornu (1876) may facilitate the identification of their fungus. According to them, the conidiophore length is 1 mm and the size of conidia ‘1/45—1/50 millim. longa, 1/55—1/60 millim. lata’, ie. 22-20 x 18-16 uwm.The conidiophore length and the size of conidia place this fungus within the size range of P. sparsa Berk. Fischer (1892) wrongly transformed the figures given for conidia by Roze & Cornu to 20—40 x 17—36 um which suggest P. potentillae rather than P. sparsa. These values were later utilised by several authors (Jaczewski & Jaczewski 1931; Ul'yanishchev 1967; Novotel'nova & Pystina 1985; Ul'yanishchev et al. 1985), and this error in conidia size may have also been a source of confusion regarding the fungus on Fragaria. Acknowledgements. We are indebted to Dr Geoffrey Hall for critical comments as a presubmission reviewer, to Dr Roland Moberg for the permission to examine specimens in herb. UPS, and to Mrs Ulla-Britt Sahistrém for photographic assistance. The Swedish Natural Science Council provided financial support within the project BU 06546-303 “Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Peronosporales’. Literature cited Berlese, A.N. (1898). Jcones Fungorum. Phycomycetes. Fasc. I. Padua. Berlese, A.N. (1902). Saggio di una Monografia delle Peronosporacee. Part 5. Riv. Patol. veg. , Pavia 10: 185-295. Constantinescu, O. (1991). An annotated list of Peronospora names. Thunbergia 15: 1-110. Constantinescu, O. (1996). Peronospora on Acaena (Rosaceae). Mycotaxon 58: 313- 318. Constantinescu, O. & Negrean, G. (1983). Check-list of Romanian Peronosporales. Mycotaxon 16: 537-556. Cornu, M. (1876). Peronospora fragariae Roze et Cornu (n. sp.). Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 23: 242 Fischer, A. (1892). Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. I Bd. IV Abt. Phycomycetes. 2nd Ed. pp. 383-490. E. Kumer: Leipzig. Francis, S.M. (1981). Peronospora sparsa. CMI Descr. Path. Fungi & Bact. 690: 1-2. Gaumann, E. (1923). Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Gattung Peronospora Corda. Beitr. Krypt. -Fl. Schweiz 5(4): 1-360. Hall, G. (1989). Unusual or interesting records of plant pathogenic Oomycetes. Pl. Path. 38: 604-611. 194 Hall, G. (1991). Peronospora potentillae. IMI Descr. Path. Fungi & Bact. 1061: 1-2. Hall, G., Cook, R.T.A. & Bradshaw, N.J. (1992). First record of Peronospora sparsa on Prunus laurocerasus. Pl. Path. 41: 224-227. Jaczewski, A.A. (1901). Mycological Flora of European and Asiatic Russia. Vol. 1. Peronosporaceae. Moskva. In Russian. Jaczewski, A.A. & Jaczewski, P.A. (1931). Indentification Book of Fungi. Vol. I. Phycomycetes. 3rd Ed. Moskva-Leningrad. In Russian. Jeanpert, H.E. (1953). Vade-Mecum du Botaniste dans la Région Parisienne. 2nd Ed. L. Lhomme: Paris. Kochman, J. & Majewski, T. (1970). Fungi (Mycota). Vol. IV. Phycomycetes, Peronosporales. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe: Warszawa. In Polish. Novotel'nova, N.S. & Pystina, K.A. (1985). Cryptogamic Flora of USSR. Vol. 11. Fungi (3). Peronosporales. Nauka: Leningrad. In Russian. Schréter, J. (1877). Peronospora obducens n.sp. Hedwigia 16: 129-135. Skalicky, V. (1983). The revision of species of the genus Peronospora on host plants of the family Rosaceae with respect to Central European species. Folia geobot. phytotax. , Praha 18: 71-101. Ul'yanishchev, V.I. (1967). Mycoflora of Azerbaydzhan. IV. Peronosporaceous fungi. Acad. Nauk Azerb.SSR: Baku. In Russian. Ul'yanishchev, V.I., Osipian, L.L., Kanchaveli, L.A. & Akhundov, T.M. (1985). Identification Book of Transcaucasian Fungi. Peronosporaceous Fungi. Erevan. Univ. Erevan. In Russian. Viennot-Bourgin, G. (1956). Mildious, oidiums, caries, charbons, rouilles des plantes de France. Paul Lechevalier: Paris. MYCOTAZON Volume LXIII, pp. 195-216 June-August 1997 NEW HETEROBASIDIOMYCETES FROM GREAT BRITAIN PETER ROBERTS The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK E-mail: P.Roberts@rbgkew.org.uk Six new heterobasidiomycete species are described from Great Britain, including members of the Atractiellales, Filobasidiales, and Platygloeales. Chionosphaera coppinsii, Filobasidiella lutea, Achroomyces henricii, Occultifur corticiorum, Spiculogloea minuta, and Hormomyces peniophorae are described as new. The new genus Heteromycophaga is proposed to accommodate Heteromycophaga glandulosae, considered to be an imperfect state of a mycoparasitic heterobasidiomycete. An additional two new auricularioid taxa are briefly described and illustrated, but not formally published. Spiculogloea occulta and Achroomyces cf. bispora are noted and illustrated as new to Britain. ATRACTIELLALES Chionosphaera coppinsii P. Roberts sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) Etym.: named for the collector and noted lichenologist, Brian J. Coppins. Basidiomata inconspicua, gregaria, clavata vel subcapitata, substipitata, 100 - 200 x 50 - 150 um, albida. Hyphae agglutinatae, 2 - 3 um latae, fibulatae. Basidia cylindracea, 60 - 70 x 2.5 - 3.5 um. Basidiosporae 4, sessiles, ellipsoideae vel subfusiformes, 7-9 x 3.5-4 um. In Parmelia glabratula, \nveralligan, Torridon, Wester Ross, Caledonia, 21 Jun. 1994, B.J. Coppins 16400 & A.M. O'Dare, E, holotypus. Basidiomes scattered over lichen surface, small, not visible without a lens, 100 - 200 x 50 - 150 um, weakly stipitate, clavate to subcapitate, white and furfuraceous above, with ceraceous, slightly pinkish stalks. Hyphae - synnematous, agglutinated, hyaline, 2 - 3 um wide, with thin or slightly gelatinized walls, with clamp connexions. Bas/d/a tubular, slightly sinuous, 196 ) Q) 0000 10 um Fig. 1: Chionosphaera coppinsii: basidia and basidiospores [holotype, E]. 60 - 70 x 2.5 - 3.5 um, obtuse or narrowed at apex. Sterigmata absent. Basidiospores statismosporic but with small apiculus, arising from apex of basidia, 4 (possibly 6) per basidium, ellipsoid to subfusiform, 7 - 9 x 3.5 - 4 um, not replicating, germination probably by yeast-like conidia, but not clearly seen. Specimens examined: SCOTLAND: WESTER ROSS, Torridon, Inveralligan, wood & gorge of Abhainn Alligin, on Parmelia glabratula (Lamy) Nyl. on Betula, 21 Jun. 1994, B.J. Coppins 16400 & A.M. O’Dare, E, holotype; K(M) 39188, isotype; WEST SUTHERLAND, Invernaver N.N.R., Bettyhill, on moribund Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy on Corylus, 22 Aug. 1983, B.J. Coppins 10202, E. 197 When first seen, this small mycoparasite was tentatively referred to Pachnocybe Berk., Chionosphaera Cox, or Fibulostilbum Seifert & Oberw., though none of these genera were known to be lichenicolous. Since then, however, Diederich (1996) has published details of two similar taxa on lichens which have been referred to Chionosphaera, the type of which, C. apobasidialis Cox, is a mycoparasite of Cladosporium Link. The present species, C. coppinsii, differs from the known taxa in having conspicuous clamp connexions. Only 4-spored basidia were found in the type specimen (Fig. 1). The second specimen (Coppins 10202, Fig. 2) differs from the type in having distinctly pinkish fruit bodies, shorter basidia (40 - 45 um long), and 4 - 6 spores per basidium, the spores appearing slightly smaller (5 - 7.5 x 3 - 4.5 um) than in the type. Since it also possesses conspicuous clamp connexions, it is referred pro tem. to Chionosphaera coppinsii, but may ultimately prove to be distinct. 10 um Fig. 2. Chionosphaera aff. coppinsii: basidia, basidiospores, and yeast-like spore germination [Coppins 10202, E]. 198 FILOBASIDIALES Filobasidiella lutea P. Roberts — sp. nov. (Figs. 3 & 4) Basidiomata effusa, primulina vel lutea, usque 2 cm lata, in hymenio Hypochnicii vellerei_ parasitica. Hyphae 3 - 3.5 um latae, fibulatae. Basidia 120 - 250 um longa, subclavata, apice partim septata. Basidiosporae sessiles, e gemmatione repetita gerentia, globosae, 4 - 6 um latae. In hymenio Hypochnicii vellere/, Lullingstone Park, Kent, Anglia, 8 Dec. 1991, J. Weightman & A. Henrici, K(M) 18754, holotypus. Basidiomes visible when well developed as effused, primrose yellow to pale luteous patches, up to 2 cm across, within the hymenium of the corticioid fungus, Hypochnicium vellereum (Ellis & Cragin) Parmasto. Hyphae 3 - 3.5 um wide, hyaline, thin-walled, with clamp connexions (at least at base of basidia), difficult to distinguish from host hyphae. Basidia highly elongated, 120 - 250 um long, clavate at apex and widening to 6.5 - 9 um, partly septate at apex to a depth of 3 - 6 um. Sterigmata none. Basidiospores statismosporic, produced by repeated budding from 4 apical loci, the first generation of spores not being released until the second generation has appeared; globose, 4 - 6 um diam., cyanophilous, the walls slowly gelatinizing and thickening in KOH, germination not seen. Specimens examined (all in hymenium of Hypochnicium vellereum on Ulmus): ENGLAND: DEVON, Torquay, Watcombe Woods, 6 Dec. 1991, P.J. Roberts 355, K(M) 30401; KENT, Lullingstone Park, 1 Dec. 1991, J. Weightman; same location, 8 Dec. 1991, J. Weightman & A. Henrici, K(M) 18754, holotype; same location, 22 Nov. 1992, J. Weightman, K(M) 29182; Basted, Long Wood, 3 Oct. 1993, J. Weightman & J. Pitt, K(M) 24387; MIDDLESEX, Perivale Wood, 24 Jan. 1989, A. Henrici, K(M) 39187; SURREY, Englefield Green, Cooper's Hill, 16 Dec. 1995, N.W. Legon, K(M) 33342; WESTMORLAND, Dufton Ghyllwood, 28 Sep. 1995, A. Henrici, K(M) 32346. Filobasidiella lutea seems to be a common parasite of the corticioid fungus, Hypochnicium vellereum, yet one which has previously been overlooked. Macroscopically the yellow fruit bodies can be quite conspicuous, contrasting with the pale pinkish fruit bodies of the host. Microscopically the large, highly elongated basidia, the apical septation, the large globose basidiospores, and the presence of clamp connexions are distinctive. Attempts to isolate F. /utea produced cultures containing abundant, thick-walled, dextrinoid chlamydospores, which are presumably referable 199 to the host, Hypochnicium vellereum. Since the imperfect state of Filobasidiella Kwon-Chung is Cryptococcus Vuill., one would expect to obtain yeast-like cultures from the parasite, though it should be noted that Filobasidiella depauperata (Petch) Samson & al, recorded from scale insects in Norfolk, is also not known to produce a yeast-like anamorph (Samson & al, 1983). Germination of F. /utea basidiospores has not yet been seen. Oberwinkler (in /itt.) has noted the presence of small (2 - 3 pm) haustoria-like cells on some hyphae, bearing multiple short, tubular processes. Whether these interact with the host hyphae is unknown. at 10 um Figs. 3 & 4. Filobasidiella lutea: 3) immature and mature basidia [Roberts 355, K(M) 30401]; 4) basidia at hymenial surface [J. Weightman & A. Henrici, K(M) 18754]. 200 PLATYGLOEALES Achroomyces henricii P. Roberts sp. nov. (Fig. 5) Etym.: named for the collector, Alick Henrici, who has discovered many unusual and interesting heterobasidiomycetes new to Britain. Basidiomata inconspicua vel invisibilia licet observetur sine lente. Hyphae 2 - 3 um latae, fibulatae. Bas/dia cylindracea, ter transeptata, 60 - 80 x 8 - 15 um, stipitibus angustis usque 150 um longis. Basidiosporae oblongae vel subcylindraceae, 21 - 20 Ke OS aS ims ji In Diatrypi disciformi, Mickleham Downs, Surrey, Anglia, 24 May 1994, A. Henrici, K(M) 33269, holotypus. Basidiome inconspicuous, not macroscopically visible in the type specimen. Hyphae narrow, 2 - 3 um wide, with clamp connexions. Conidiophores none seen. Basidia 4-celled, tubular with lateral septa, the sporulating part ca. 60 - 80 x 8 - 15 um, with highly extended narrow stalk up to 150 um long. Sterigmata short, up to 8 um long, produced laterally. Basidiospores \arge, oblong to subcylindrical (Q = 1.8 - 2.3), 21-23 x 10- 11.5 um, germination not seen. Specimen examined: ENGLAND: SURREY, Mickleham Downs, on Dviatrype disciformis on Fagus twig, 24 May 1994, A. Henrici, K(M) 33269, holotype. The most noticeable feature of Achroomyces henricii is the large basidia with exceptionally long stalks, reminiscent of the genus Naohidea Oberw. but otherwise distinct. The type and only specimen has a number of irregularly swollen, clavate or tubular cells emerging directly from the hyphae (Fig. 5) which might possibly represent separate ‘probasidia’. If this can be confirmed from further specimens, then the species would be referable to the genus Helicog/oea Pat. For the moment, it is placed in the genus Achroomyces Bonord. 10um Fig. 5: Achroomyces henricii: basidia, basidiospores, hyphae and probasidia-like outgrowth [A. Henrici, K(M) 33269, holotype]. 202 Occultifur corticiorum P. Roberts — sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Basidiomata nulla, in hymeniis corticiorum parasitica. Hyphae 1.5 - 2.5 um latae, non fibulatae, haustoria tremelloidea ferentes. Conidiophora clavata, 6-9x3-4 um. Conidia ellipsoidea, 5 - 6 x 3.5 - 4.5 um. Basidia cylindracea, ter transeptata, 45 - 60 x 2.5 x 5 um. Basidiosporae ovoideae vel ellipsoideae, 5 - 7 x 4- 4.5 um. In hymenio Hyphodermatis praetermissi, Slapton, Devon, Anglia, 10 Dec. 1994, P. Roberts 865, K(M) 33238, holotypus. Basidiomes not macroscopically visible, hyphae and basidia occurring within the host hymenium. Hyphae narrow, 1.5 - 2.5 um wide, hyaline, thin-walled, lacking clamp connexions; tremelloid haustorial cells present, clavate to ellipsoid, 2 - 3 um wide, giving rise to thin, tendril-like outgrowths. Conidiophores clavate, 6 - 9 x 3 - 4 um, arising singly or in clusters, apically budding off two or more conidia. Conidia ellipsoid, 5 -6 x 3.5 - 4.5 um, with thickened, gelatinized walls. Bas/dia cylindrical, laterally septate, 4-celled, thin-walled, short-stalked, arising directly from the hyphae, 45 - 60 x 2.5 -.5 um. Sterigmata sinuous, up to 15 um long, possibly longer. Basidiospores ovoid to ellipsoid (Q = 1.2 - 1.6), 5-7 x 4 - 4.5 um from print, with wide apiculus, germination not seen. Specimen examined: ENGLAND: DEVON, Slapton Wood, in hymenium of Hyphoderma praetermissum (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. & Strid, 10 Dec. 1994, P. Roberts 865, K(M) 33238, holotype. This new species is tentatively assigned to the genus Occultifur Oberw. on the basis of its tremelloid haustorial cells and simple conidiophores. Occultifur internus (L.S. Olive) Oberw., the type and only other species of the genus, is a parasite of Dacrymyces Nees, possesses clamp connexions, and as yet has only been found in Britain in its conidial form. Colacogloea peniophorae (Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw. & Bandoni also parasitizes Hyphoderma praetermissum, but lacks haustorial cells, possesses clamp connexions, and is otherwise distinct. It is a common species, at least in southern England, which initially appears in the hymenium of H. praetermissum and then gradually envelopes the host fruit body, producing pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps over the host remains. 203 Fig. 6: Occultifur corticiorum: basidiospores and basidia, hyphae with haustorial cells, conidia and conidiophores [Roberts 865, K(M) 33238, holotype]. 204 Spiculogloea minuta P. Roberts sp.nov (Figs. 7 & 8) Basidiomata nulla, in hymeniis fungorum parasitica. Hyphae angustae, 1 - 1.5 um latae, fibulatae, haustoria tremelloidea ferentes. Basidia cylindracea, transeptata, e probasidiis parvis exorientia, 12 - 25 x 3 - 3.5 um, plus minusve crassitunicata, cyanophila, subtiliter spiculata vel granulata. Basidjosporae anguste fusiformes (Q =3.6 - 6.6), (6.5-) 8.5 - 12 x 2 - 2.5 (-3) um. In hymenio Julasnellae violeae, Great Plantation, Bovey Tracey, Devon, Anglia, P. Roberts 271, K(M) 33218, holotypus. Basidiomes within host hymenia, not macroscopically visible. Hyphae very thin, 1 - 1.5 um wide, with clamp connexions, sparsely present often as single strands, producing tremelloid haustorial cells subtended from clamp connexions, swollen at base, 1.5 - 24m wide, giving rise to thin tendril- like outgrowths. Basidia spiculate, with distinctly thickened, cyanophilous walls, arising in clusters of 2 - 20, initially as ovoid probasidia, 2 - 3um wide; mature basidia 12 - 25 x 3 - 3.5 um, arising apically from the probasidia which become +/- indistinct; aseptate or laterally septate, 1 - 4 celled. Sterigmata rarely seen, basidia often appearing aseptate and sterile; when seen, short, 1 - 2um long. Basidiospores narrowly fusiform (Q = 3.6 - 6.6), (6.5-) 8.5 - 12 x 2 - 2.5 (-3) um from prints, thin to thick-walled, occasionally producing secondary spores, germinating by germ tube, sometimes becoming 1-septate, very sparsely present in host spore prints. Las => iw mia Yomi es <i Fig,ii 2. Spiculogloea minuta: basidia and probasidia, basidiospores (one germinating), hyphae and haustorial cells [Roberts 271, K(M) 33218, holotype]. 10 pm 205 Fig. 8. Spiculogleoa minuta: clustered basidia, basidiospores a) [Roberts 354, K(M) 33219]; b) [Roberts 287, K(M) 39495]. Specimens examined: ENGLAND: DEVON, Dartmoor, Bellever Forest, in hymenium of Tubulicrinis accedens (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk with Serendipita evanescens (Hauerslev) P. Roberts on decorticated Picea log, 7 Dec. 1991, P. Roberts 354, K(M) 33219; Bovey Tracey, Great Plantation, in or with Tu/asnella violea (Quél.) Bourdot & Galzin on fallen Salix branch, 29 Jun. 1991, P. Roberts 271, K(M) 33218, holotype; same location, in or with Tulasnella saveloides P. Roberts on fallen Salix branch, 23 Mar 1991, P. Roberts 287, K(M)39495; Torquay, Watcombe Woods, in hymenium of Helicogloea lagerheimii Pat. on fallen trunk, probably U/mus, 27 Jun. 1991, P. Roberts 277, K(M) 33210; SURREY, Esher Common, with Julasnella eichleriana Bres., 4 Jun. 1995, P. Roberts, K(M) 39193. The basidiospores of this inconspicuous species were first noticed as common, though sparse contaminants of TJu/asnella J. Schrdt. spore prints and only later traced to the basidial clusters occasionally seen in squash mounts of the hosts. Six more British Tu/asnel/la collections (in addition to those cited above) have been noted as having similar spores 206 10um Fig. 9. Spiculogloea occulta: basidia with probasidia and haustorial cells, conidia, basidiospores [Roberts 827, K(M) 33236]. present, although Sp/cu/ogloea minuta does not appear to be restricted to Tulasnella. The unusual spiculate, thick-walled, cyanophilous basidia place this species in the genus Sp/iculogloea P. Roberts, recently described from Majorca (Roberts, 1996a) based on S. occulta P. Roberts, the type and only original specimen of which was found in the hymenium of Hyphoderma praetermissum. A second specimen (Fig. 9) has now been collected in England in the hymenium of Hyphodontia sambuci (Pers.) J. Erikss. (Howell Hill Nature Reserve, Ewell, Surrey, 30 Oct. 1994, P. Roberts 827, K(M) 33236). Spiculogloea minuta has similar basidia to those of S. occulta, and both species possess narrow hyphae with clamp connexions and tremelloid haustorial cells. S. occulta, however, has conventional, rather long and sinuous auricularioid sterigmata producing subglobose spores (slightly fusiform in the type specimen, less so in the English collection); it also produces conidiophores and ellipsoid conidia, and is altogether more conspicuous a parasite within the host hymenium. 207 In S. minuta, most of the basidia appear sterile and often aseptate. In the few seen bearing spores, the sterigmata are unusually short and it is not clear how the spores (which appear to be ballistospores) are released from the host hymenium. The probasidia are often found loose in mounts and may possibly function as propagules. Achroomyces sp. (Roberts 549) (Fig. 10) Basidiomes not macroscopically visible. Hyphae sparsely present, thin, 0.5 - Ium wide, with clamp connexions. Basidia thin-walled, smooth, arising in clusters of 6 - 7, 15 - 20 x 2 - 2.5 um, consistently 2-celled, with distinct, narrow stalk up to 15 um long. Sterigmata arising laterally, rather short, up to 5 um long. Basidiospores narrowly fusiform (Q = 3.5 - 7), often subaliantoid, (8-) 10 - 13 (-14) x 1.5 - 2 (-2.5) um from print, sometimes producing secondary spores, germinating by germ tubes. Specimen examined: ENGLAND: DEVON, Torquay, Watcombe Woods, near or with Tulasnella species and cf. Colacogloea peniophorae on dead attached Rubus fruticosus stem, 8 Dec. 1992, P. Roberts 549, K(M) 30514. The collection above clearly represents an undescribed auricularioid species, but the material is inadequate for type purposes and hence is not formally described here. The narrow hyphae, clustered basidia, and fusiform spores suggest some affinity with Spicu/og/oea, but in this new Fig. 10: Achroomyces sp. (Roberts 549): clustered basidia, basidiospores [K(M) 30514]. 208 taxon the basidia are thin walled and smooth. No haustorial cells were seen, but the specimen is so meagre they could have been overlooked. An existing two-spored species, Achroomyces bispora (Hauerslev) Hauerslev, described as an hymenial parasite of Tubulicrinis angustus (D.P. Rogers & Weresub) Donk, has spiralled basidia and is quite distinct (Hauerslev, 1987). A recent British collection tentatively referred to A. bispora (in hymenium of Tubulicrinis subulatus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk on Pinus, Slapton Wood, Devon, 22 Jan. 1994, P. Roberts 828, K(M) 30517) differs from the type description in having 2 - 4 spored basidia and conspicuous, pustule-forming conidiophores (Fig. 11). Fig. 11: Achroomyces cf. bispora: spiralling basidia, conidia and conidiophores, basidiospores [Roberts 828, K(M) 30517]. 209 Achroomyces sp. (Henrici 25.2.95) (Fig. 12) Basidiome not macroscopically visible, in hymenium of poroid fungus. Hyphae 1 - 2.5 um wide, with clamp connexions; no haustorial cells seen. Conidiophores simple, tubular, hypha-like, 8 - 20 um long, arising alongside basidia. Conidia arising apically from the conidiophores as slighted curved, clavate, lateral outgrowths, 4 (-8?) per conidiophore; a, <a~ w ISS iD =) [K(M) 30534]. | \ ’ e Yb SU) Salone U pAKY release, appearing as irregularly paired, variously yoked, ellipsoid to oblong conidia, each 3.5 - 7.5 x 1.5 -3 um; the yoke is narrow, 0.5 - 4 um long, and connects the conidia at irregular points; the yoked conidia are not necessarily of equal size. Basidia 4-celled, tubular, 70 - 85 x 2.5 - 3.5 um, laterally septate, arising apically from subglobose to ellipsoid, stalked probasidia, visible as sub-basal swellings at maturity. Sterigmata not clearly seen. Basidiospores not seen. Specimen examined: ENGLAND: SURREY, Mickleham Downs, in hymenium of Antrodiella onychoides (Egel.) Niemela on fallen Fagus branch, 25 Feb. 1995, A. Henrici, K(M) 30534. Although the specimen is sparse and information on basidiospores is lacking, this clearly represents a distinct taxon with an unusual host and very distinctive yoked conidia. Zygogloea gemellipara P. Roberts also produces yoked or twinned conidia, but they arise from paired cells and are of a very different form. INCERTAE SEDIS Heteromycophaga P. Roberts = gen.nov. Conidiomata nulla vel gallas gelatinosas efferentia, in fungis parasitica. Hyphae in typo generis tenuissimae, fibulatae. Conidiophora cylindracea, ramosa, conidia singulatim apicale efferentia. Conidia in typo generis clavata vel oblonga, 8 - 10 x 255° =7:3.0 mM: Typus generis: Heteromycophaga glandulosae Conidiomata in host hymenium or fruitbody surfaces, forming gelatinous, pustular galls in the type species. Hyphae narrow, 1 - 2 um wide in the type species, with clamp connexions, haustorial cells not seen. Conidiophores hypha-like, branched, producing single terminal conidia subtended from clamp connexions. Conidia weakly clavate to oblong in the type species, 8 - 10 x 2.5 - 3.5 um, germinating to form yeast-like colonies. Type species: Heteromycophaga glandulosae Ze Heteromycophaga glandulosae P.Roberts sp.nov. (Figs. 13 - 15) Conidiomata nulla, parasitica, gallas gelatinosas in basidiomatibus Ex/diae glandulosae efferentia. Hyphae tenuissimae, 1 - 2 um latae, fibulatae. Conidiophora cylindracea, ramosa, conidia singulatim apicale efferentia. Conidia clavata vel oblonga, 8 - 10 x 2.5 - 3.5 um. In basidiomatibus Exidiae glandulosae, Scadson Woods, Torquay, Devon, Anglia, 25 Feb. 1995, P. Roberts 898, K(M) 33197, holotypus. Conidiomata forming pallid, gelatinous, pustular galls, 1 - 3 mm diam., on the hymenium and undersurfaces of fruit bodies of Exidia glandulosa Bull. Hyphae 1 - 2 um wide, hyaline, thin-walled, with clamp connexions; branched and irregular in the host context, causing irregular swellings of the host hyphae at points of interaction, up to 25 um wide. Conidiophores tubular, branched, hypha-like, forming a dense layer at the gall surface, producing single terminal conidia subtended from clamp connexions; sub- terminal hyphae 12 - 20 um long. Conidia weakly clavate to oblong, 8-10 x 2.5 - 3.5 um, sometimes appearing broadly apiculate, occasionally with remains of subtending clamp connexion attached, germinating to form yeast-like colonies. 10 um Fig. 13: Heteromycophaga glandulosae: section of gall surface, conidiophore, conidia [Roberts 897, K(M) 33195]. ZZ Fig. 14: Heteromycophaga glandulosae: hyphae and host hypha, swollen distorted cells at presumed points of contact between host and parasite hyphae, conidiophores and conidia [Roberts 898, K(M) 33197]. 213 Fig. 15. Heteromycophaga glandulosae: galls on parasitized fruit body of Exidia glandulosa [photo: Andrew McRobb, RBG, Kew]. Specimens examined (all on fruit bodies of Exidia glandulosa): ENGLAND: DEVON, Torquay, Scadson Woods, on attached Quercus branch, 18 Dec. 1993, P. Roberts, K(M) 33181; same location and substrate, 29 Dec. 1994, P. Roberts, K(M) 33194; same location and substrate, 25 Feb. 1995, P. Roberts 898, K(M) 33197, holotype; SURREY, Esher, West End Common, same substrate, 24 Jan. 1995, P. Roberts 897, K(M) 33195; same location and substrate, 5 Feb. 1995, B.M. Spooner, K(M) 33196. The presence of clamp connexions together with a yeast-like state indicate that this gall-forming parasite is heterobasidiomycetous, but no perfect state could be found in any of the collections cited above and its affinities are unclear. A new anamorphic genus, Heteromycophaga, is required to accommodate the species. 214 The galls (Fig 15) range from pallid, pustular swellings to quite distinct subglobose outgrowths and are composed of both host and parasite hyphae. They appear on any part of the fruit body, sometimes taking over small or young fruit bodies completely. No haustorial cells could be found on the hyphae, though similarities between host and parasite hyphae make them difficult to differentiate. However, clumps of swollen, distorted cells frequently appear in the subhymenium associated with narrow branching hyphae (Fig 14). These are presumed to be points of contact between parasite and host. A yeast stage was formed in culture which initially produced some_ short hyphal growth with clamp connexions, but subsequently regressed to a simple yeast stage and expired. Hormomyces peniophorae P. Roberts _ sp. nov. (Fig. 16) Conidiomata pustulata, gelatinosa, hyalina, usque 1 mm lata, in hymeniis Peniophorae parasitica. Hyphae 1.5 - 2.5 um latae, non fibulatae, haustoria tremelloidea ferentes. Conidiophora tubulata, 10-15 um longa. Conidia ellipsoidea, 4-5x2.5-3 pum. In hymenio Peniophorae lycii, Scadson Woods, Torquay, Devon, Anglia, 21 Jan. 1996, P. Roberts 907, K(M) 33706, holotypus. Conidiomata pustular, smooth, gelatinous, sordid hyaline, up to 1 mm diam., arising from host hymenia. Hyphae thin to thick-walled, 1.5 - 2.5 um wide but in places short-celled and swollen up to 7 um wide, lacking clamp connexions, giving rise to abundant haustorial cells, these clavate to irregularly swollen, 1.5 - 2.5 um _ wide, with thin’ tendril-like outgrowths; hyphae found throughout the host hymenia. Conidiophores simple, tubular or somewhat swollen, 10 - 15 um long, arising singly or in clusters, producing 2 - 4 conidia apically. Conidia ellipsoid, 4-5 x 2.5- 3 um. Specimens examined: ENGLAND: DEVON, Slapton Wood, in hymenium of Peniophora lycii (Pers.) Hohn. & Litsch. on U/mus, 10 Dec. 1994, P. Roberts 711, K(M) 33198; Torquay, Scadson Woods, in hymenium of P. /ycii on Rubus idaeus, 21 Jan. 1996, P. Roberts 907, K(M) 33706, holotype. Though lacking clamp connexions, the tremelloid haustorial cells indicate that this hymenial parasite is a heterobasidiomycete, here provisionally referred to Hormomyces Bonord., the type of which is the conidial ahs anamorph state of 7reme/la mesenterica Retz. (fide Donk, 1966). Despite a search, no basidia or basidiospores could be found in either collection and spore prints contained only host basidiospores. It is just possible, however, that the ‘conidiophores' represent simple, Chionosphaera-like basidia. A known hymenial parasite of Peniophora species is Tremella versicolor Berk. & Broome, but its hyphae possess clamp connexions and _ its conidiophores (which occur together with the basidia) are quite different. It has recently been extensively redescribed and studied by Bandoni & Ginns (1993). The conidiophores of H. peniophorae are distinctive, and do not closely resemble those oof any other mycoparasitic heterobasidiomycete. The haustorial cells are often terminal, a feature of the genus S/rotrema Bandoni, proposed as a segregate of TJremella (Bandoni, 1986). However, the affinities of H. peniophorae remain at present unknown. hee ee 10 pm Fig. 16: Hormomyces peniophorae: hyphae showing haustorial cells, conidiophores and conidia [Roberts 711, K(M) 33198]. 216 Many thanks to Dr Kurt Hjortstam for kindly reviewing this paper. REFERENCES Bandoni, R.J. (1986) Sirotrema: a new genus in the 7remellaceae. Can. J. Bot. 64: 668-676 Bandoni, R.J. & Ginns, J. (1993) On some species of 7remel//a associated with Corticiaceae. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 34: 21-36 Diederich, P. (1996) The lichenicolous heterobasidiomycetes. Byb/. Lichenologica 61: 198 pp. Donk, M.A. (1966) Check list of European hymenomycetous Heterobasidiae. Persoonia 4: 145-335 Hauerslev, K. (1987) New species and notes on resupinate fungi. Friesia 11: 329-336 Roberts, P. (1996) Heterobasidiomycetes from Majorca & Cabrera. Mycotaxon 60: 111-123 Samson, R.A., Stalpers, J.A., & Weijman, A.C.M. (1983) On the taxonomy of the entomogenous fungus Fi/obasidiella arachnophila. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 49: 447-456 MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 217-224 June-August 1997 TUBER PSEUDOHIMALAYENSE sp. nov. AN ASIATIC SPECIES COMMERCIALIZED IN SPAIN, SIMILAR TO THE “PERIGORD” TRUFFLE G. Moreno«, J. L. Manjon«, J. Diez*, L. G. Garcia-Montero* & G. Di Massimo** *Dpto. Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcala, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. **Dpto. Biologia Vegetale, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy. Abstract: A Tuber species from Asia and commercialized in Spain has been subjected to study. Tuber pseudohimalayense is proposed as a new species, and some optic and electronic microscope photographs are supplied. A comparison with the type material of T. himalayense is also provided. Key words: Tuber pseudohimalayense, T. himalayense, Taxonomy, Truffle market, Legislation, Spain. INTRODUCTION In the truffle market, three sectors can be clearly defined: The producers, the transformers (dealers or handlers) and the consumer-countries. For many years, the main producers have been France, Italy, Spain, Yugoslavia and Tunisia (commercialized the desert fungus, Terfezia sp.). As far as the handlers (canneries and specialized food processing) are concerned the most important countries are France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Holland, Germany and United States. The main consumers, cited at random, are: France, Italy, Germany, Canada, Spain, United States, Belgtum, Luxembourg, Great Britain, Denmark, Greece, Switzerland, Austria, Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Republic of South Africa, Venezuela, Zambia and China 218 (Ciani, 1992; Ciani & al., 1992). Furthermore, the list of producers is steadily growing as indicated by numerous imports from the Asian continent. This trend has been observed by the authors in Italy, France and Spain. Importation of a great quantity of exotic fungi could have a negative effect on the canning industry and truffle breeding. Truffle breeding is mentioned because of the possible substitution (for economical reasons) of cheaper fruitbody varieties and the impact it may have on the production of mychorrizal plants. For these reasons, it becomes indispensable to elaborate updated legislation, if possible at the level of the European Union, that would encompass current changes. A first step is to study the taxonomy of the fungi involved. This report examines the taxonomy of a 7uber species from Asia that has been commercialized in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS The fungus sample described here, was provided by donation from an industry dedicated to the truffle commercialization in Spain, and it is preserved in the herbarium of the University of Alcala (AH). The SEM photographs have been taken with a Zeiss DSM-950 microscope. Spore samples were rehydrated with 100% ammonium hydroxide for 30 min, then dehydrated in aqueous ethanol solutions (70%) for 1-1.5 h, before fixation in formaldehyde dimetilacetal, (after inmmersion in acetone for at least 2 h). The spores were subsequently dried to a critical point, mounted onto an aluminium stub, and coated with gold-palladium in a Polaron E-5000 sputter coater for 120 sec at 1.4 kV and 18 mA (argon atmosphere) to create a metal coating, approximately 500 A thick. Light microscopy (LM) photos were taken with a Nikon Labophot microscope equipped with an automatic photographic system. Tuber pseudohimalayerse G. Moreno, Manjon, Diez & Garcia- Montero, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-2) Etymology: pseudohimalayense due to their great resemblance with Tuber himalayense. Figs. 1.- 7. pseudohimalayense AH 18331 Typus: a, detail of the external covering of the peridium; b, thick-walled globose cells of the external covering of the peridio; c, plectenchymal cells of the internal covering of the peridium; d, globose ascus with 2 ascospores, where the espinous-reticular ornamentation is apparent; e, detail of the thorny spore ornamentation; f, ascus with 3 ascospores; g, ascus with 4 ascospores; h, ascus with numerous ascospores. 220 Diagnosis: Ascocarpus 2 cm latus. Peridium bistratosus. Excipulum externus latus cum verrucae, cellulis globosis 10-35 um didm (textura angularis), rufo- brunneus, crassitunicatis,, 200-500 wm, crass, praecique cellulis externis; excipuluminternum. 100-250 um, crass (textura intricata), hyphis filamentosis intricatis 7-9 um diam., hyalinis. Asci globosis 55-65 um diam., sine stipes, 1-7 ascosporis. Ascosporis ellipsoideis. 18-35 x 16-30 um, interconnexis in reticulo multi maculatis, sed homogeneis in total superficie. Typus: forsam ad Sinam collecti, 1-1995, in AH 18331 conservatus est. Specimens studied: Tuber pseudohimalayense. Probably imported from China, in January of 1995. AH 18331 Holotypus. Tuber himalayense isotypus AH 18383. Ascocarp subglobose of 2 cm broad. Peridium with more or less pyramidal wide black and flat warts. Gleba gray-blackish in the maturity, composed of thin whitish and interwoven venae distributed at random. Soft odour in the studied material. Peridium comprising a distinct outer and inner layers. The outer excipulum, 200-500 um broad including the warts, formed by globose cells, 10- 35 um of diam. (textura angularis), brown reddish colour, thick wall, 1-3 um of width, mainly in the most external cells (Figs. la-b); the inner excipulum, 100- 250 um broad (texture intricata), composed by filamentous interwoven hyphae, 7-9 um of width and hyaline (Fig. 1c);. Asci globulosa, 55-65 um size, non peduculated, with 1-7 ascospores (Figs. 1d-h). Ascospores ellipsoid, 18-35 x 16- 30 um (including the ornamentation), 34-35 x 25-30 um (in 1 spore asci), 30-34 x 22-30 um (in 2 spores asci), and very variable in 3-4-5-6-7 spores asci enhanced by the presence of minor ascospores of possibly miscarried material. Ascospores brown colour to brown-blackish, with very patent ornamentation, composed of spines with broad basal connections which form a very netted reticulum formed of variable meshes (Figs. 1d-h), but homogeneous in all the sporal surface. This above mentioned ornamentation is shown in the S.E.M. photographs (Figs. 2a-f). Observations: We conserve in our herbarium just one ascocarp, but due to its macro and microscopic peculiarities we propose to consider it a new species, yet with reservation since, at present time it was impossible to obtain new collections. Among the reasons which warrant our claim is the fact that the fungus is geographically distinct and little is known about its ecological requirements. Figs. 2.- 7. pseudohimalayense AH 18331 Typus: a-d, spores thorny reticulations under the S. E. M.; e-f, detail of the sporal ornamentation under the M. E. B. 22h 222 The new species is mainly characterized by its peculiar reticulated- spiny spores and for its macroscopical resemblance to the “Perigord” truffle. It could also be confused with Tuber himalayense, T. indicum, T. melanosporum and 7. spinoreticulatum. The thick-walled spore and dark brown colour of the new species is also quite unique. ke Tuber himalayense is a species known at the present just by its occurence in India, (Uttar Pradesh, Mussoorie) associated with Quercus incana (Zhang & Minter, 1988). It is characterized by an exoperidium with flat warts, grey coloured gleba and very variable ascospores with a different types of ornamentation, mostly reticulate with free spines interwoven into the mesh; spores predominantly spiny, tending to form a reticulation (Zhang & Minter, 1988). The ornamentation which they exibit at the sporal poles, with some protruberances in a form of suction pads or typical funnels under the optic microscope,(Figs. 3a-b) and the S.E.M. (Figs. 3c-g), 1s their most characteristic feature. Tuber melanosporum differs in the pyramidal warts of the exoperidium, dark gleba and ascospore ornamentation formed by narrow and tight free spines (Parguey-Leduc & al., 1987; Granetti & al., 1990) while 7. indicum presents darker spores, black and spiny but wide at the base (Manjén & AAI) Tuber spinoreticulatum Uecker & Burdsall originated in U.S.A., is closely related to by the spiny-reticulated spores, but differs mostly in leathery ascocarps and peduculated asci (Uecker & Burdsall, 1977). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We want to express our gratitude to the "Servicio de Microscopia Electronica" for their help with the M.E.B., and J. Keller from the LC.E. at the University of Alcala for his linguistic assistance. We wish to thank A. Montecchi and to L. J. Riousset for the revision and offered suggestions. Very special thanks to Mr. J. Cunill for the shipment of the specimen required for the study and to Dr. J. E. Wright for the latin diagnosis. My appreciation to Francesco Meotto, Centro di Studio sullo Micologia del Terreno C.N.R. de Torino (Italy), for facilitating a small herbartum sample of Figs. 3.- Tuber himalayense AH 18383 Isotypus: a-b, reticulated spores and sporal section; c-f, detail of the sporal ornamentation under the M. E. B.; g, sporal section. L295 224 Tuber himalayense isotypus, which was necessary to conduct the electronic microscopy scanning study. Finally, we wish to acknowledge that this work have been sponsored by the INIA Project of (SC94-129), by the DGICYT Project of (PB91-0165) and by the Fundacién Caja de Madrid. LITERATURE CIANI, A. (1992) - Il ruolo dela tartuficoltura nela strategia di rivitalizazione delle aree interne della C.E.E. Micol. Veg. Medit. 7: 349-384. CIANI, A., B. GRANETTI & D. VINCENTI (1992) - Il tartufo in Italia e nel mondo: aree di produzione, mercato e prezzi. L'Informatore Agrario 47: 51-62. GRANETTI, B, G. MINCIGRUCCI & E. BRICCHI (1990) - Analisi biometrica e morfologica delle ascospore di alcune specie del genere Tuber. Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale sul Tartufo. Spoleto, 24-27 novembre 1988. Comunita Montana de Monti Martani e del Serano, Spoleto. MANION, J. L., G. MORENO, J. DIEZ & L. G. GARCIA- MONTERO (1995) - Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee en Espafia: Una especie comercializada con caracteristicas similares a nuestra trufa negra. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 20: 301-304. PARGUEY-LEDUC, A., M. C. JANES-FAVRE & C. MONTANT (1987) - Formation et évolution des ascospores de Tuber melanosporum, trufle noire du Perigord, Discomycetes. Canad. J. Bot. 65: 1491-1503. UECKER, FSA 5H. PH ee BURDSALI Clos )) peat eDer spinoreticulatum, a new truffle from Maryland. Mycologia 69: 626-630. ZHANG, B.C. & D. W. MINTER (1988) - Zuber himalayense sp. nov. with notes on Himalayan truffles. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 91(4): 593-597. MYCOTAXON Volume LXIII, pp. 225-259 June-August 1997 MATING SYSTEMS IN HYMENOMYCETES: NEW REPORTS AND TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS Ronald H. Petersen Botany Department, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1100 USA ABSTRACT Mating systems are reported for the following members of the Aphyllophorales and Agaricales: Cheimonophyllum candidissimum, Collybia confluens, Gloiodon strigosum, Hypsizygus tessulatuss‘Lentinellus castoreus, Marasmiellus candidus, M. s, M. stenophyllus, Marasmius epiphyllus, Mycena inata, M. rosella, Omphalotus illudens, OQ. olivascens, otopsis nidulans, and Steccherinum basi- badium, all of which are tetrapolar. Observations are presented on the life cycle of Marasmius minutus, although its mating system remains unknown. In each case, a report of a definable mating system adds data to emerging patterns at generic and suprageneric levels. Key words: mating systems, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Aphyllophorales. INTRODUCTION Data on mating systems (of any organisms) ‘furnish information useful to systematics in at least three ways: 1) definition of "species concepts" has recently made its way from the technical/philosophical literature into semipcpular journals (i.e. Davis, 1996), with one major construct being the "biological species;" 2) regardless of the criteria which undergird various "species concepts," it is critical to know whether individuals or representatives of populations can interbreed, and mating systems, together with understanding of the barriers to interbreeding (viz. Morell, 1996) are integral to that experimental process; and 3) mating systems (i.e. amphithallic, bipolar, tetrapolar) 226 are just as valid as taxonomic characters as morphological (i.€. presence or absence of clamp connections, etc.) or biochemical (i.e. production or lack of unique secondary metabolites). Recent papers (see Petersen, 1995a, b, for references), have. introduced’ “biological species" vanG "intersterility groups" into the lexicon of systematics of basidiomycetous fungi, but the foundation of these ideas is mating systems of individual taxa. This report is the latest in a series (Petersen, 1992a, Do Cr a995a,"-b;)) Petersen t:and \Gordon, 19947" Gordon wang Petersen, 1991) °1992;' (Gordon et, al.), 1994)" in wwhich matang Systems of Hymenomycetes have been reported for the first time. As such reports continue, patterns of supraspecific mating system consistency (Gordon et al., 1994; Petersen, 1995b) become clearer, and insight into speciation processes and ‘species .concepts, are elaborated, (Petersen, 1977; Petersen and Methven, 1994; Petersen and Halling, 1993; Petersen and..Cifuentes,, ..1994)..sSueh, ,observations: age included below under each species. ay ie MATERIALS AND METHODS » Techniques for establishment of single-basidiospore isolates (SBIs) followed those by Gordon and Petersen (1991). In all cases, SBIs were screened for absence or presence of clamp connections (the latter constituting circumstantial evidence of dikaryotic condition) before inclusion in self-cross experiments. In this paper, the term "compatible" (opposite, incompatible) refers only to dikaryotization as evidenced by formation of clamp connections or dikaryotic condition as viewed under epifluorescence microscopy using DAP. Fertility (used interchangeably with compatibility by some authors) is restricted to formation of basidiomata and viable basidiospores by compatible crosses, and is not the subject of this paper. The term "“intercompatible" (opposite, interINcompatible) is reserved for intercollection matings in which clamp connections were observed (i.e., under Gloiodon strigosum) . In citations of specimens used, the first number Listed is a field notebook number also used to track cultures (monokaryon and dikaryon), while the TENN number is the herbarium accession number of the voucher dried basidiomata. RHP is abbreviation of the author’s name. In all cases, 227 AyBo | AdBy < | A1By t (OMG NLA Pla NO Weibtom m5 110 113 i BSSOC cme feleeeteial eter © ea ed ed eal dd fe ee (3 fo ia Oe BB cp ELSES Feet ais] Fig. 1. Self-cross pairings for Cheimonophyllum candidissimum, 7463 (Finland) . Symbols for figures 1-4, 6-16: large + = compatible pairing, with abundant clamp connections on all hyphae; small + = few, scattered clamp connections, often only on agar-surface hyphae; - = incompatible pairings, with no clamp connections observed; large F = well-defined "flat" contact zone morphology indicative of common-A pairing, often accompanied by lethal reactions; small F = ill-defined "flat" contact zone morphology, usually without lethal reactions; large B = "barrage" contact zone morphology indicative of common-B pairing; small B = ill-defined "barrage" contact zone morphology; L = lethal reactions in contact zone, with significant lysis of donor hyphae; X = donor colonies did not make contact during experimental time period. dikaryon (polyspore) and SBIs reside in the culture collection at TENN. In text assigning mating types, an * indicates a tester strain to represent that mating type in subsequent experiments. 228 RESULTS Cheimonophyllum candidissimum (B & C) Singer Specimen used: FINLAND, Etela-HAdme prov., Lammi, Biological Station, 12.IX.94, coll. RHP, on hardwood branches, no. 7463 (TENN no. 53588). Mating system: When 12 SBIsS were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed. (Fig. Ll)’: Esolatesuia*)! Se 10h 2Sie A,B,; 14* = AQBoi 3* 12 = A,Bo; 2*, 4, 7, 9 = A,B,. Isolate 13 did not dikaryotize any mate, and its mating type remains unknown. Because barrage reactions were not observed, and because flat reactions were not patterned, subordinate mating types were assigned arbitrarily, Culture characteristics: Hyphae at the agar. surface commonly formed a "picket fence" branching pattern, with short, upright branches and diverticulate complexes. When these were abundant enough, the colony took on a minutely granular appearance. Commentary: In the field, Cheimonophyllum candidissimum is easily mistaken for Panellus mitis (Pers.F Fr.) Singer, as both produce milk-white, small, pleurotoid basidiomata. Cheimonophyllum produces spherical, inamyloid basidiospores, non-gelatinizing pileus trama, and fruits on hardwoods, while P. mitis produces cylindrical to subreniform, weakly amyloid basidiospores, exhibits gelatinizing hyphal walls in the upper pileus trama, and fruits on conifer wood. A tetrapolar mating system for P. mitis has been reported elsewhere (Petersen & Gordon, 1994). Collybia confluens (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer Specimen used: UNITED STATES, North Carolina, Macon Co., Shortoff Mt. Trail, 18.vii.94, coll. J. Johnson, no. 7219 (TENN no. 53522). Mating system: When 12 single-basidiospore isolates were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 2). Isolates 6*, 7 = A,Bli §*....9, 4122 = A,2B5; 5*, 10 = A,Bz; 4*, 11, 13, 14, 15 = A5B,.- Flat contact zone reactions were well-defined, with narrow, equal crevasse, often coupled with lethal reactions. Barrage reaction was observed as an obscure, submerged, transecting line of somewhat congested mycelium. Many 229 AB AgBo eieey Ag a5 PS 8 9 ae 4 11 14 15 Fig. 2. Self-cross pairings for Collybia confluens 7219, North Carolina. pairings showed an ill-defined flat contact zone morphology, but most of these pairings were compatible. Flat and barrage contact zone morphologies could not be patterned, so subordinate mating types were assigned arbitrarily. tntercollection mating: 'SB1s;7219:4,55,, 6 and. 8 (North Carolina) were paired with SBIs 7262:1 and 2 (Sweden; only two SBIs established). All pairings were compatible. Culture characteristics: Colonies were off-white and produced no discernible odor. Most of the mycelium was Submerged; surface hyphae were often diverticulate (Desjardin, 1990), with small, stiff side branches as though 230 thorny or with complex rameales or stag-horn structure (Désjardin, 1990). Short lengths! of aerial hyphae. were incrusted. Common wisps of individual hyphae or ropes of 2-3 individuals radiated up to 4 mm from inoculum blocks, appearing as though combed, connecting the donor blocks and Projecting in all directions: Commentary: Bastdtospores shed “directly "on agax germinate slowly (starting at one week for at least seven weeks) and very sparsely (perhaps 1/10,000). Harvesting SBIs requires) patience and ity is diibicult (oO obeain enoughierar an ample self-cross. Moreover, because basidiospores often germinate in the heaviest “area of the spores print, lt aie dirtrficult to isolate “aysingle germinating basidiospore without other ungerminated basidiospores which might later germinate. This; is the first) report of jtetrapolarity (in? Gollvpre confluens, a member of sect. Vestipedes (cf. Halling, 1983). Murphy and Miller (1993) reported that C. subnuda (Ellis ex Pk.) Gilliam, also in Sect. Vestipedes (cf. Halling, 1983) was bipolar, and Petersen (1995b) and Petersen and Gordon (1994) noted that this was the only bipolar species of Collybia theretofore reported. Petersen (1995; unpubl. data) indicated that some evidence of tetrapolarity was also known in C. subnuda. A third species in sect. Vestipedes, C. luxurians Peck, has been reported as tetrapolar (Murphy, 1995). These data on members of sect. Vestipedes further isolate the report by Murphy and Miller (1993), and raise questions concerning the relationship of bipolarity and tetrapolarity and/or Halling’s (1983) sectional taxonomy within the genus. Murphy (1995) reported that C. biformis (Pk.) Singer, included by Halling in Sect. Subfumosae but Similar to taxa in sect. Vestipedes, also was tetrapolar. Although based on too small a statisticl sampling, intercompatibility between SBIs of 7219 and 7262 indicates that C. confluens spans the Atlantic Ocean as a single biological species. Gloiodon strigosum (Swartz per Fr.) P. Karsten Specimens used: SWEDEN, Uppland, vic. Uppsala, Fyby Urknog, 8.1X.94, coll. RHP, standing Populus sp., no. 7290 (TENN no. 53571); FINLAND, Eteld-Hdme Prov., Lammi, Evo, Kotinen Virgin Forest, 13.1X.94, coll. R. Pentilld, on standing Populus sp., no. 7474 (TENN no. 53582). 254 Mating system: When 12 SBIS were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 3). Isolate 4* = Aa Bato oy Fin Se tht eRe ess Let ye A,Boi 9*, 12, 15 = A,B); 1, 2, 10 were dikaryons. Little morphological difference could be detected among Varlouss Pairings, ,ancluding.flatisand, sbarnage reactions: Subordinate mating types, therefore, were assigned arbitrarily. Pnbercolvect ton mating: soR isl 290e se Wo an 114 (Sweden) were paired with SBIs 7474:1, 5, 12 and 13 (Finland). All pairings exhibited abundant clamp connections and were interpreted as compatible. Culture characteristics: Petersen (1976) described culcuralucharactérs- of) Gloiodon, Sstrigosum in idetail. Colonies gave off the spicy-peppery odor typical of cultures of Clavicorona, Auriscalpium, and Lentinellus. aa N =| 7 285 Sout ge easly. 4 Serve ara Fig. 3. Self-cross pairings for Gloiodon strigqosum 7474, Finland. 202 Gloeoplerous hyphae, common on the agar surface, were yellowish, slender (2-5 um broad), with multiguttulate to foamy contents. Although they often projected up to three mm from «thei agar. surface, “qloeoplerous. hyphae: wall rover wor their own weight. Commentary: Basidiospore germination in Gloiodon is very low - perhaps 1/1000. Moreover, germinating basidiospores often are found in the thickest part of the spore print on agar, and even though excess spores may be wiped away manually, two germinating spores may be harvested (Or; One germinated, .\bastdiospore’ plus One wapouremco germinate). This’ idiosyneracy could, accounts tol tue relatively high frequency of dikaryons in the sample. Gloiodon strigosum is tetrapolar, as are other species and genera placed in the Auriscalpiaceae (Maas Geesteranus, 1963, 1978; (Wu and Petersen, 1992; Petersen and Wu, 1991; Wu et, al. 1995; Petersen ‘and;-Cifuentes, 1994: Wu; mLog1; Pétersen), (79955). Tf Hericiumiis, includeaiin this iam eee extends tetrapolarity (Ginns, 1984, 1985) even further. With these reports, the family is actually one of the better undersood for mating systems. In addition to sulfobenzaldehyde-positive gloeoplerous hyphae and gloeocystidia (a. reaction] ‘which jdefines ; thet. cerm gloeocystidium), and basidiospores with amyloid ornamentation, the group seems unified by the deposition of unique compounds thought to be insect-repellant (steroylvelutinal, vellereol), also found in basidiomata of Lactarius, Russula, Bondarzewia, Heterobasidion and Vararia (Gluchoff-Fiasson and Kthner, 1982; Steglich and Sterner, L988; Sternen.et) iad... 761985): . Intercompatibility between SBIs from Sweden and Finland indicates that a single biological species is distributed throughout Scandinavia. Whether North American collections also belong to this biological species is still unknown. Hypsizygus tessulatus (Bull.: Fr.) Singer Specimen used: UNITED STATES, Alaska, Anchorage, Pop Carr Parx, 61° 10.693° 149° 53.963' W, 17.IX.95, coll. RHP, on Populus, no. 8Z07 (TENN $3876). N, Mating system: When 9 SBIs were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 4). Isolates 7*, 11 = A,B; pl Pye Lae ere) Boi 8* = A,B; and 4*, 5S, 10 = AQB,. Coomon-A and common-B reactions 233 ranged from ill-defined to well-defined. Subordinate mating types were assigned based on the following: 1) well-defined contact zone morphologies were analysed separately as follows: a) 8 X 7 and 1 X 8 distinctly flat (more or less well-defined crevasse); and b) 5 X 7 and 3 X 8 distinctly barrage (congested aerial mycelium along the mid-line). If 8 N mM AoBo | ApBy me A,B, fied Baki4iHeoh. 10 ie BoOggogdon Fig. 4. Self-cross pairings for Hypsizyqus tessulatus 8207, Alaska. X 7 is taken as definitive, then all these isolates share an Pigene rif 3°X'*s “and “5: XxX 7 “are “read as) more ‘distinctly barrage, then the latter isolates share a B gene. Subordinate mating types were assigned using the latter paradigm. Culture characteristics: Basiiospore germination in this species is very sparse, and even in relatively heavy spore prints on agar it is uncommon to harvest enough germlings for a valid self-cross. In the case of 8207, only 12 SBIs were harvested, and /*twor*or “these "were Physiologically aberrant. A previous collection from far 234 eastern Russia, all SBIs of which were clamped, was assumed to be amphithallic. Aerial hyphae were lightly incrusted with needle-like crystals, while hyphae closer to the agar surface were either not so, or occasionally covered with scattered blisters of liquid. Cultures from another collection (RUSSIA... terr. , Primorsky) dist. eTernei, Sichote Galan Biosphere Reserve, 24.IX.90, coll. RHP, at base of Quercus, nO...) 334 (TENN 49464) ] produced broadly clavate chlamydospores (Fig. 5b) bacilliform arthroconidia (Fig. Sc), and hyphae covered with resinous blisters (Fig. 5a). When nematodes were exposed to mycelium of this culture, they became moribund within five minutes and dead within two hours (Petersen, 1993). Lentinellus castoreus (Fr.) Konr. & Maubl. Specimen used: SWEDEN, Uppland, vic. Uppsala, Gottsunda-bogen, 7.1X.94, coll. V. Emmett, on Populus log, no. 7267 (TENN no. 53539). Mating system: When 11 single-basidiospore isolates were paired in all combinations, a bifactorial mating system was revealed (Fig. 6). Isolate 4* = A,B,; 1*, 3, 9, 11, 12 SEB eel O bs AaBo 7 12 a4) oie lo wie eB ee Although occasional "flat" reactions (putative common-A matings) were noted, these were often ill-defined, and did not transect the entire contact zone. Instead, lethal reactions were noted and equated with common-A pairings. When such lethal reactions and "flat" morphologies were coupled, they seemed to appear in one quadrant of the adjusted self-cross grid more frequently than in other quadrants. Subordinate mating types, therefore, were assigned based on these combined lethal/flat reactions. "Barrage" reactions (putatively common-B matings) were not distinguishable. Donor mycelium made contact reluctantly, was often submerged, and often passed in different planes. Hyphae at the agar surface were the last to meet and mingle, and appeared to be predominately gloeoplerous in content. Culture characteristics: From the inoculum block of both monokaryon and dikaryon cultures, a number of submerged "tendril" systems radiated outward, usually 12-18 in number. Each consisted of a loose core of many stout radial hyphae with complex systems of secondary and tertiary side- branches. The resultant colony resembled an ill-defined octopus. In most cases, the agar slowly turned mauve, ZO5 Fig. 5. Micromorphology of cultures of Hypsizyqus tessulatus 3364, Russia. a. Vegetative hyphae with nematoxic liquid blisters. b. Broadly clavate, thin- walled chlamydospores. c. Bacilliform arthroconidia. especially around inoculum blocks, and the inoculum blocks themselves turned fuscous fleshy brown. All colonies produced a very faint odor (spicy-peppery) typical of the family. Hyphae of all cultures tended to be torulose to Strangulate in outline, often appearing almost empty and then with one or a few oil droplets. Hyphal tips were often inflated into thin-walled, ellipsoid allocysts. Chlamydospores were present as thick-walled, spherical to subspherical, terminal or intercalary cells with shining contents. These were most conspicuous when the surrounding cells were evacuated. Gloeoplerous hyphae were dull yellow and generally of the same width as generative hyphae in cultures. 236 =m ON mam aw ApBo z |Z] AgBy 1S 14a ook TH ON, 3 isle uate Fig. 6. Self-cross pairings for Lentinellus castoreus 7267, Sweden. Gloeoplerous hyphal tips were often somewhat differentiated: clavate to fusiform-curved, septate into 3-6 slightly inflated cells, repeatedly sinuate, etc. Gloeoplerous hyphae bore common clamp connections, more easily observed than those on generative hyphae. Although clamp connections were common to abundant, they were not abrupt or papillate in outline, but resembled peg-like side branches. Clamps were observed only hyphae at the agar-surface or very slightly submerged, but not on deeply submerged hyphae, even though the latter were the first to mingle in contact zones. 2a7 In a few cases, clavarioid primordia formed on inoculum blocks. In no case was the pairing compatible, however, and the primordia were without spores. Identification: Field identification was made by Svengunnar Ryman (pers. comm.), supplemented with Moser’s (1983) key. Basidiomata are recognizable by the deeply rivulose pileus surface, as opposed to the pruinose or hirsute pileus surface (at least near the stipe attachment) of L. vwulpinus (Fr.) Kihner & Maire and L. ursinus (Fr.) Kihner. Basidiomata of L. castoreus are pleurotoid (i.e. laterally or sublaterally stipitate), while those of L. omphaloides (Fr.) Karsten are centrally to eccentrically Stipitate, and those of L. cochleatus (Pers.: Fr.) Karst. are laterally stipitate but usually imbricate. Basidiomata of most Lentinellus species are acrid in taste, and those of TENN 53539 were slowly but strongly so. Marasmiellus candidus (Bolt.: Fr.) Singer Specimen used: UNITED STATES, Washington, Jefferson Co., Olympic National Park, Hoh River Visitors Center, 13.X.92, coll. RHP, on dead stems of shrub, no. $838 (TENN 54508; used for self-cross) . Mating system: When 11 SBIs isolates were paired Load dL combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. ijn Leolates- 1%, 6, ATOPY ga A,Bii PESO Da Cdsaey 1454 155)" A5p2! be ° =_ 2* = ADB; 3*, 5 = A,B. Putative "barrage" and "flat" contact zone morphologies could not be patterned (see 3/5 X 15, and 3/5 X 6, both putative "barrage"), so subordinate mating types (i.e. A,B.. A}B,) were assigned arbitrarily. SBI 10 produced ill-defined "barrage" reactions with SBIs 7, 11, 14, and 15 together with scattered clamp connections. With similar limited compatibility in 1 X 9 and 6 X 15, isolate 10 was probably A,B,- Culture characteristics: 1) celium of SBI d con my’ um oO s and contact zone slowly became encrusted with crystalline material; 2) within the contact zone, diverticulate hyphal complexes were formed, first on single hyphae, then expanding through contribution by several hyphae, and finally coalescing; and 3) odor of all isolates was at times penetratingly unpleasant. Identification: All collections were identified by Dr. Dennis Desjardin. 238 Intercollection matings: As reported by Desjardin et al. (1993), tester strains of 5838 (Washington) were mated against tester strains of DED 4950 (Ohio) and 4960 (North Carolina). Partial intercompatibility was observed. Where clamp connections were observed in these pairings, they were almost always very sparse and often on aerial hyphae. In one rT A; Bo A181 Ag Bo S 7 9 14 11 15110 = youre) any wet) Pig. 7. Self-cross pairings for Marasmiellus candidus 5838, Washington. case clamps were localized at the agar surface, a phenomenon termed "localized compatibility syndrome" by Petersen and Ridley (1996) in Pleurotus and observed in pairings in several other genera. With this in mind, false-incompatible readings are a distinct possibility. Although clamp connection formation (and perhaps dikaryotization) was episodic in these small-sample long-distance matings, 239 western North American strains recognize eastern North American strains, indicating that ‘a ‘single intersterility group spans the continent. Commentary: Desjardin et al. (1993) reported tetrapolar mating systems for M. opacus (B&C) Singer and M. tenerrimus var. setulosus (Joss. & Smith) Desj.. Marasmiellus candidus was reported as tetrapolar in the abstract to that paper, but textual material was removed before publication. Thus, including data from this paper, Marasmiellus would appear uniformly tetrapolar. The genus, however, is quite large, and sampling for mating systems is still embryonic. Data from Marasmius (Petersen, 1995b), Collybia (Petersen, 1995b; this paper), Agrocybe (Rehner, 1989), Melanotus (Petersen, 1992b, c) and other genera indicate the presence of bipolarity and tetrapolarity within single generic units. Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.: Fr.) Singer Specimen used: SWEDEN, Uppland, vic. Uppsala, 3.IX.94, collector unknown, on hardwood leaves, no. 7248 (TENN no. 52628). Mating system: When 12 SBIs were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. Sie ersorates 17 S797 16s es ABS eee Se A5B5; Pa ae Aa gf = AQB,; 7, 11, 14* = A,BA. If only presence/absence of clamps is interpreted, the grid is clearly bipolar, but when barrage and flat morphologies are patterned, the tetrapolar grid becomes obvious. Subordinate mating types were assigned based on patterns of barrage and flat reactions. Two types of flat morphology were noted: 1) ill- defined, always incompatible; and 2) clearly defined, with bordering congested hyphae, usually with localized or widespread clamps. The former morphology was patterned (i.e. 7/11/14 X 1/5/9/16 = common-A) and was accepted as a true flat reaction. Barrage morphology was never well-defined: an indefinite transecting area of somewhat congested hyphae, usually with localized or widespread clamps, but patterned (i.e. 2/3/17 X 1/5/9/16 = common-B) . Culture characteristics: Colonies were off-white, with generally submerged or sparse agar-surface hyphae and a fainly floral odor. When the mycelium reached the Petri dish Margin, it grew upward on the plastic and usually produced amorphous orange-brown areas. No such color was seen on the 240 agar surface. Agar-surface hyphae were usually diverticulate, with the diverticulae often occurring in fascicles. Very limited lengths of these hyphae were heavily incrusted with crystalline material. Aerial hyphae were rarely diverticulate, and when branched, were of the stag- horn type (Desjardin, 1989). Aerial hyphae often exhibited narrowly ampulliform septa (both with or without clamps). AoBy | ApBo 2. 1389847 JS Os A; By A7Bo Si 1G Ae OM a 7 Fig. 8. Self-cross pairings for Marasmiellus yamealis 7248, Sweden. Commentary: Occurrence of mating systems in which common-A and common-B often produce localized clamp connections or false clamps are uncommon. Other reported species of Marasmiellus, although few, do not share this characteristic, although the same two flat morphologies were noted in M. stenophyllus (see below). 241 Literature on mating systems in Marasmiellus is limited to the report by Desjardin et al. (1993) on M. tenerrimus var. setulosus, M. opacus, and M. candidus. Marasmiellus stenophyllus (Mont.) Singer Specimen used: UNITED STATES, Georgia, Rabun Co., Warwoman Game Refuge, Overflow Creek Road, 18.VII.94, coll. RHP, on hardwood leaves, no. 7211 (TENN 53524). Mating system: When 12 SBIs were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 9). Isolate 6* = A,B: 15%) = A5Boi 13* = A, Boi a ae BRR mi Fig. 9. Self-cross pairings for Marasmiellus stenophyllus 7211, Georgia. 242 De eee LOI Oakey Ga 2a et et AB, - Subordinate mating types were assigned based on flat reactions (common-A mating) between PS XU 374 /S/7/ 9/1LO7ET 127, The following hyphal differentiation was observed within the contact zone: 1) transecting band of congested, branched hyphae, either submerged or aerial, but often asymmetrical. Although noted as "barrage," Gis differentiation was unpatterned and apparently artifactual; 2) either ill-defined crevasse (small F on self-cross grid) or well-defined crevasse bounded by "lips" of congested, branched hyphae, and usually with lethal reactions within the contact zone. The latter was accepted as a true "flat" reaction (large F on self-cross grid). This phenomenon was patterned and was used as stated above. Culture characteristics: Bisymmetrical, square/double- triangular crystals appeared in the agar. When aerial mycelium was formed, short hyphal lengths were commonly incrusted with such crystals. Hyphae were relatively constant in width (1.5-4 um diam) and radial in incompatible pairings. Clamps were consistently small and inconspicuous. Isolates 7 and 9 seemed prone to form scattered, sparse clamps, but this habit was not patterned. Two types of branches were formed on agar-surface hyphae: 1) "picket fence" with a row of small, simple knobs or side branches; and 2) single or fasciculate (in very small numbers) erect, coralloid to arborescent side branches (perhaps a weak rameales structure). Identification: An unpublished key to southern Appalachian Marasmiellus taxa devised by Dr. D.E. Desjardin was used for initial identification. Using this name, the specimen was compared to the description by Desjardin (1987) and Breitenbach and Kranziain: (1999)e Marasmius epiphyllus (Pers.: Fr.) Fries Specimen used: UNITED STATES, Alaska, vic. Anchorage, Eagle River Valley Visitors’ Center, 12.IX.95, coll. K.W. Hughes & RHP, on dead leaves of Populus, no. 8127 (TENN 53916). Mating system: When 12 SBIs were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 10). Isolates 1*, 8 = A,Bii See a LO = A,Boi 2*; Gl3k= A,|B,; 3*, 4, 14 = A5B,.- Isolate 12 was dikaryon, in spite of initial examination for presence/absence of clamp connections. Virtually no evidence of barrage or flat reactions was observed. All pairings appeared to overgrow with no differentiation or interference. 243 ABs | AoBy | AgBo pale 1EBAWBeUA Adah AO WORS: )) 2rolSatt2 Breev ea vabir pres aol ets ci | abet | oF lee] melee ie +|+ {+ ESE a ela ter ee R 2 SS ESAS ee al i i Fig. 10. Self-cross pairings for Marasmius epiphyllus 8127, Alaska. Culture characteristics: Colony color was nearly translucent/white to very pallid dull apricot color and in all cases, appeared wet. Microscopically, all hyphae were involved in slime, from individual aerial hyphae with a Slime sheath and slime droplets to agar-surface hyphae often within a slimy matrix. Individual hyphae were broad (6-9 um diam), yellowish, with multigranular to multiguttulate contents, as though gloeoplerous or laticiferous and commonly septate. Clamp connections were were not observed on a majority of septa. Frequently the hyphae were torulose and sometimes inflated into rows of subspherical cells. Such cells often contained a central mass of gloeoplerous Material but were thin-walled and, as merely the most pronounced of the hyphal swellings, could not be termed 244 chlamydospores. Colonies produced no discernable odor. Commentary: Terra (1953) included M. epiphyllus in a list of taxa for which mating systems had been ascertained. Her European material was tetrapolar. In a key to European Marasmius taxa of sections Gloiocephala and Epiphylli, Noordeloos (1987) distinguished between two-spored and four- spored forms. Marasmius tremulae was included with the two- spored forms, while M. epiphyllus was considered to be four- spored. It is unlikely that the two-spored form would be overtly tetrapolar, for such forms are often amphithallic and mask their true genetic mating system (see Petersen, 1995a). The Alaskan specimen reported above, as well as additional collections from Alaska, was four-spored. Intercontinental compatibility within this species from Alaska and Scandinavia has been reported by Petersen and McCleneghan (1996). Marasmius. minutus Peck Specimen used: UNITED STATES, Georgia, Rabun Co., War Woman Game Refuge, near river campground, 18.VII.94, coll. RHP & S. Spellmeyer, on blackened, dead stem tips and associated leaves of Leucothoé, no. 7212 (TENN 53727). Mating system: Unknown. When 12 single-spore isolates were. pained,..in.,al’-.(combinations + ‘nom contact. zone differentiation could be observed, no clamp connections were observed, and no binucleate cells were detected under epifluorescence microscopy (using DAPI). Culture characteristics: Polyspore cultures and 20 SBIs were established. All bore the following characteristics: 1) hyphae mostly appressed, very pallid yellow or off-white, 1.5-4.5 um diam, often. in ropes of 5-20, involved) in. slime sheaths which extended some distance from individual hyphae, occasionally with short, slender ramifying branchlets, but otherwise undifferentiated; 2) broader hyphae on or near the agar surface appear to gelatinize their walls (walls with interior surface well-defined, but exterior surface not so), while narrower agar-surface hyphae do not gelatinize. Agar consistency is very stiff and rubbery, far more so than normal. Clamp connections were extremely rare on vegetative hyphae in polyspore cultures. Abundant (20-35 per 60-mm Petri plate) tan-brown, tan (or in one case, white), small (less than 1 mm diam), dry (without slime) hyphal balls were formed, scattered over the agar surface. These exhibited the following characteristics: 245 i) ®surface. covered with. “fascicles pofwsiender, (2-3.5° ‘um diam), thick-walled (at least proximally; 0.5-0.7 um thick) hyphae; 2) fascicles extending up to 150 um from surface; fascicle hyphae with common, obvious clamp connections; 3) interior hyphae 1-1.5 um diam, hyaline singly, but tan-brown in mass, thick-walled (up to 0.5 um thick), densely congested to form a tissue (but more or less interwoven rather than pseudoparenchymatous); and 4) when crushed, these hyphal balls liberated copious amorphous hyaline sludge. Commentary: I interpret the small hyphal balls as soft sclerotia, with internal hyphae aggregated as sclerotial tissue and with exterior of hyphal fascicles. In fact, some . basidiomata bore such structures at the base of the stipe. The viscous interior of sclerotia and slime context around vegetative hyphae may all act as water conservation features. If these vegetative characteristics correlate with an abbreviated sexual cycle (amphithallism or asexual reproduction), the total might be of advantage to an adventitious organism invading a weakened host under Significantly fluctuating moisture conditions. Identification: Keys and descriptions by Desjardin (1989) < Mycena aurantiomarginata (Fries) Quélet Specimen used: UNITED STATES, Alaska, vic. Anchorage, Arctic Valley Road, 61° 14.112’ N, 149° 37.047’ W, 11.IX.95, coll. RHP, on Alnus leafmold, no. 8113 (TENN 53915). Mating system: When 12 SBIs were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 11)... Isolates 4*,°12,°33 = A Bi; 1*, 5, 10 = A,Bo; 6*, 8 = 1 A5B, a Pas 3 g al = 4, iG) A, Bo. Although ill-defined flat and barrage contact zone morphologies were noted, as well as lethal reactions, none could be patterned, and subordinate mating types were assigned arbitrarily. Culture characteristics: Colonies white, usually with a central patch of congested aerial hyphae, abruptly becoming appressed to submerged outward, and octasionally obscurely zonate. Deposits of minute amorphous crystals were common in the contact zones, especially when accompanied by lethal reactions. Colonies exhibited no discernable odor. 246 ApBo | A, By | ApoB, | A, Bo 2S wavs eon 104 2 Samer G Fig. 11. Self-cross pairings for Mycena aurantiomarginata 8113, Alaska. Mycena rosella (Fr.) Quelet Specimen used: FINLAND, Prov. Eteld-Hdme, Lammi, Biological Station forest, 14.IX.94, coll. RHP, on leaf mold of Pinus, Picea, Populus, and Corylus, no. 7484 (TENN 53614). Mating system: When 12 single-basidiospore isolates were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed. (Fig. 12): lsotates 4a. 13 c= A,B; isolates Bay Ger Layee Le A,B5; isolates 1*, 8-10, 16, 18 = A,Boi A5B, was unrepresented in the sample. All isolates (mono- and dikaryon) grew slowly and very compactly. Immediately behind the growing margin, agar- surface hyphae developed "picket fence" branching, then complicated, dichotomously branched rameales structure. 247 After making contact in pairings, this rameales structure could be differentiated as follows: 1) ceasing to form behind the growing margins, creating a zone with no aerial hyphae, in which only agar-surface and submerged hyphae were present - invariably incompatible; 2) copious rameales structure, but with only sparse aerial hyphae - invariably incompatible; or 3) abundant aerial hyphae which, in most such pairings, also produced rameales structure or dense diverticulate branching - invariably compatible. Clamp connections were usually large, but only occasional, and then rendered obscure by the abundance of diverticulate branches and pegs. In some cases, a very weak transecting line of increased hyphal production was seen, and when examined, proved to be dikaryotic. Because common-A and common-B reactions were not discernable or patterned, subordinate mating types were assigned arbitrarily. The widest variation in mating reactions occurred "witnhwaegroup." In) the grid, /"X" marks certain” pairings which were so repulsive that the two isolates never approached each other. Culture; characteristics: Colonies were "minutely granulose as a result of rameales structure production, and very tardily turned pallid lemon yellow starting with the inoculum block. No discernable odor was noted. Commentary: This species would appear to be well- defined in the North Temperate flora. Maas Geesteranus (1992a, b) and Smith (1947) reported a habitat restriction to coniferous needles, and the specimen cited above was on mixed forest litter including Pinus. .,.Photographs,..were provided by Emmett (1992) and Smith (1947), and microscopic structures were illustrated by Maas Geesteranus (1992b). Smith (1947) placed the species in Sect. Calodontes subsect. Granulatae, but Maas Geesteranus (1992b) included it in sect. Luculentae subsect. Rosellae. Intercontinental compatibility in M. rosella between Alaska and Finland has been reported by Petersen and McCleneghan (1996). Omphalotus illudens (Schwein.) Singer Specimen used: UNITED STATES, Tennessee, Scott Co., Big South Fork National Recreation Area, 22.X.95, coll. S.C. McCleneghan, in Quercus -Faqus forest, no. 6951 (TENN 54507). Mating system: When 11 SBIs were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 13). Isolates 2*, 9, 13 = A,B,; 3*, 10, 12, 14 = A,B; 6*, 15, (4) = A,B,; 11 A,B, + A,B. Assignment of subordinate Rise 248 AB | AoBo | A Bo By iS gee lO | 13) 456) 1271417 Fig. 12. Self-cross pairings for Mycena rosella 7484, Finland. mating types was made based on 6/15 X 3/10/12/14 (common-A) . Although behavior of isolate 4 remains unexplained, contact zone morphologies indicate its mating type. Flat reactions were noted as ill-defined versus well- defined. Well-defined flats were commonly noted for within- group pairings (3/230/12/14. X 3/10/12/14) . A-mixture of-t1ac> and barrages (if truly barrages: increased branching in a transect through the contact zone) were seen in 11 X 4/6/15, generally confirming the identity of isolate 11’s double mating types. Microscopically, contact zones of compatible pairings were composed of fascicles of upright, stiff-appearing branches, usually disarticulating into arthrospores, and 249 11 A1By | AoBy | AoBo 2.138.9.115--6..4 110 42 3 14 + AgBo + AyBo Pig. 13. Self-cross pairings for Qmphalotus illudens 6951, Tennessee. always bearing blisters of resinous liquid as well as common clamp connections. Although clamps were most easily observed on submerged hyphae, compatible matings were sometimes accompanied by lethal reactions which obscured observation of submerged hyphae. While the self-cross grid of 6951 is not ideal, it is more clearcut than those for other collections of the same Species wa Pétersen, s1inpublsedataye ini) those "grids, amphithallic behavior was more common, often with several possible explanations for mating types of individual Strains, but never satisfying the normal patterns for tetrapolarity. 250 Commentary: Anomalies in self-cross grids may be caused by the mode of spore germination. Basidiospores germinate Slowly and usually in the heaviest areas of a spore print. Timing of germling harvest is critical, for additional Spores will germinate over a period of many days, causing dikaryons or hemicompatible combinations of two or more Spores to be harvested together. It is necessary to carefully wipe away as many extraneous basidiospores as possible, but even when this is accomplished, occasional doublets may be harvested. Some can be screened out by examination for clamps, but others (hemicompatible) will survive examination. Bardin (1959) noted that "diploid mycelium" obtained by germination of basidiospores of Clitocybe olearius were binucleate, and very frequently clamped (investigated more fully by Carey, 1974). Years later, Lamoure (1989) reported thaty OL Olédmius ) was tetrapolar;) with) |uninucleace basidiospores. In describing the Omphalotaceae, Kammerer et al. (1985) did not mention mating systems. In the family were placed Omphalotus and Lampteromyces, which roughly are analogous to Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kummer (without annulus) and, P. sdrvinus (Pers .- ‘“Fna) Kummer ‘(with annulus). Basidiomata of all tested members of the Omphalotaceae are bioluminescent and at least some are toxic to humans. Based on secondary metbolite production, the family was considered closely related to the Paxillaceae of the Boletales. Miller (1994) ‘reported that’ 0. nidgformis “(Berk 4) Miller from Australia (including a wide variation in pileus color, and three assumed taxonomic synonyms) was tetrapolar. Results from oher Omphalotus species reliably tested (Petersen, unpubl. data) may indicate that O. mexicanus Guzman is not amphithallic as previously concluded (Petersen, unpubl. data), but merely a victim! of» careless harvesting of SBIs. The latter species has not been reported for bioluminescence. The. wide. variation .of. pileus color within sa Wsingte intersterility group (= biological species) in QO. nidiformis (Miller, 1994) may parallel reported intercompatibility among the European QO. olearius (DC: Fr.) Sing. and the American QO. illudens (Schwein.) Sing., QO. subilludens (Murr.) Big. and O. olivascens Bigelow et al. (Miller, pers. com.; Petersen, 1977) which also differ significantly in 251 color and spore statistics. This paradigm is also found in Pleurotus (Petersen, 1995a, b) and Lentinula (Mori et al., 1974; Shimomura et al., 1992; Petersen, 1995a), where a Single intersterility group shelters wide morphological variation. Omphalotus (and the Omphalotaceae) has been considered Closely related to the Paxillaceae through unique secondary metabolites (Kammerer et al., 1985), and, if true, reports of mating systems in Omphalotus may afford some insight into Similar phenomena in the Paxillaceae, where basidiospores are difficult or impossible to germinate under normal laboratory conditions, and from which no such reports have been made. Omphalotus olivascens Bigelow, Miller & Thiers Specimen used: UNITED STATES, California, Marin Co., Mt. Tamalpias watershed, Mt. Tamalpias, 9.11.96, coll. J.R..Blain, det. D.E. Desjardin, on standing dead Pseudotsyuga menziesii, DED 6450, CULTENN no. 8283 [spore print Mating system: When 12 SBIS were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 14). Isolates 1, 11* = A,B,i 12* = ABs; 5*, 9, 10 = A,Bo; PAA! Rtn Smee [prea OS ai led A,B,- Subordinate mating types were assigned based on 1/11 X 5/9/10 = common-B (barrage). While all incompatible pairings took on tan to ochre coloration, usually typically ochraceous ‘tan, donor colonies of all compatible pairings remained essentially white, and compatible pairings could be predicted with the naked eye by this characteristic. In one case, a compatible mating donor took on some color, but it was on the obverse side of the inoculum block. The possible mechanism of mating compatibility controlling colony color remains unknown. Culture characteristics: As noted by Bigelow et al. (1976), colonies take on ochraceous to tan coloration as they mature, although the hyphae remain hyaline throughout Maturity of the colony. Colony coloration is caused by hyaline guttation droplets which turn to amber color and expand during colony development, giving the colony its characteristic color. While all pairings deposited some straw or amber coloration into the agar, hyphae were healthy and no physiological inhibition had occurred up to the time of reading. Pape 3 N @ Ao By | A; Bo = | AyBy Ti? i SAC VOR Goll Onuian ul eee Fig. 14. Self-cross pairings for Omphalotus olivascens DED 6450, California. Commentary: Color and texture of colonies most closely match those of southern European cultures of QO. olearius. Cultures of Q. illudens and QO. nidiformis remain almost white throughout maturity, as noted by Bigelow et al. (1976). More discussion of this genus may be found under O. illudens above. 253 Phyllotopsis nidulans (Pers.: Fr.) Singer Specimen used: COSTA RICA, Prov. San José, San Gerardo de Dota, Albergue de Montana, Savegre, 9°33") 2" N, 83° 48° 27° We Melev 2s 5OUM peel Vi 95, 1COm. GRP, on hardwood (?Quercus), no. 7878 (TENN 53739). Mating system: When 12 SBIs were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. 15}. Isolate 6* = A,B); 1*, 3 (14) = A,B5; 12* = A,B,; 2*, Sree) peti, 8, Oe US ce A,B,. Mating types for isolates 5, 13 and 14 were assigned based on contact zone morphology and compatible 6 X 14 pairing. Subordinate mating types were Ao Bo. Fe Ay Bo Pe < Gi syee Ser qr, Dols” 5 Pig. 15. Self-cross pairings for Phyllotopsis nidulans 7878, Costa Rica. 254 assigned based on pairings 12 X 1/3/14 (common-A). Isolates 7 and 8 were consistent in contact zone morphology in pairings with 2, 4, 5, 10 and 13, although isolates 5 and 13 were incompatible with isolate 12. Causes of incompatible pairings (12 X 5/13) and few clamp connections in pairing 6 X 14 are unknown. Culture characteristics: All colonies (monokaryon and dikaryon) were off-white, occasionally with very faint pinkish tints. Mycelium ranged from almost exclusively submerged to strongly aerial. When aerial mycelium was produced, it was delicately plumose, with branches more numerous toward the colony margin. Micromorphologically, two particular structures were noted: 1) uniform hyphal side branches with straight, tendril-like apices and sympodial branching. pattern; sand °2)..coralloid) hyphal branch) tips on submerged hyphae. Clamp connections were large and conspicuous. No discernable odor was produced by cultures. Commentary: Vandendries (1933) reported tetrapolarity for the species (as Pleurotus). Of 21 SBIs, the mating grid included at least five which unexplainably exhibited occasional incompatibility. In this way, Vandendriesés results with this species were quite similar to those reported above. Lamoure C19 8:9} GLECeay £OUr Pp reporets (including Vandendries, 1933) of tetrapolar heterosexuality in P. nidulans’ Of these, ‘two>-(Lamoure, “résultats -inedits;" Bastouill, 1977) were unavailable. Lamoure (1954) reported On spore germination and arthrospore production in this species but not mating system. Intercompatibility among collections of P. nidulans from Alaska to Costa Rica has been reported by Petersen and McCleneghan (1996). Steccherinum basi-badium Banker Specimen used: COSTA RICA, Prov. San José, San Gerardo de Dota, Savecre, 9° 33227 0N'0a3°48)299" W, 2350 m, 21.VI.95, coll. RHP, on hardwood (?Quercus) log, no. 7884 (TENN 53829). Basidioma micromorphology: Pileus profoundly dimitic. Generative hyphae 3-3.5 um diam, thin- to thick-walled (less than''0.5° um thick), hyaline, with clamp connections. Skeletal hyphae arising from generatives, 3.5-6.5 um diam, thick-walled (wall often obscuring the cell lumen), 255 yellowish in mass, aseptate. Pileus surface a trichodermium composed of both hyphal types. Spines with longitudinal skeletal hyphae, intertwined by generative hyphae. Generative hyphae 2.5-4 um diam, thin- walled, clamped, hyaline. Subhymenium extensive, of small, pseudoparenchymatous, clamped cells. Basidia 18-24 X 5.5-6.5 um, narrowly clavate, hyaline, clamped, tapering apically when young, 4-sterigmate. Basaaiospores 3-4) X11 2—2 73° um, Droadly ‘ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, thin-walled; hilar appendix extremely small. A,Bo | AB, | Ag Bo ZOOM. ey eee Fig. 16. Self-cross pairings for Steccherinum basi-badium 7884, Costa Rica. 256 Mating system: When 12 SBIsS were paired in all combinations, a tetrapolar mating system was revealed (Fig. LG) + fsotates 1), “S*)) 4 A,B, i LOR Se ye Ot A5Boi 7 eit te LOS ACRE 2", 6) 18) = A5B,.- Ill-defined flats were uncommon, could not be patterned, and significantly, no lethal reactions were observed. Barrages were also ill-defined, but seemed to group. The barrage of 7 X 20 was well-developed and subordinates were assigned using that pairing. In compatible pairings, the dikaryon almost always bore telltale signs of a thin, white, loose tomentum which covered and followed the stout, "lead" hyphae from donor blocks. Thus, compatible pairings could be predicted with the naked eye. The dikaryon tomentum was composed of arboreal, sympodially branched, emergent hyphal complexes. Clamp connections were abundant on aerial hyphae and common to abundant on agar-surface hyphae. In some dikaryons, hyphal tips were incrusted with hyaline. crystals....This * incrustation ; took. two (forns<i7 2) significant, evenly distributed deposits along the terminal 30-70 um; or 2) abrupt iball) of erystalline, deposit at Sune hyphal tip. Although some dikaryons were lightly incrusted, monokaryons were either unincrusted or lightly so. Commentary: This specimen fits Maas Geesteranus’s (1974) description. While very few encrusted cystidia were observed in basidiomata, nor any outward directed skeletal hyphae, dikaryon hyphae of cultures were usually incrusted. The type specimen came from Mexico (No. 285 B.G., Murrill no. 253, Mexico, NY; examined by Maas Geesteranus) : Costa Rica is not a remarkable range extension. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are extended to the Hesler Endowment Fund, Botany Department, University of Tennessee, and to NSF grant DEB-9521526 for support of fieldwork, and to Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina, for use of facilities. Sincere thanks go to Drs. Roy E. Halling, Tuomo Nieméla and Eric Danell for facilitating fieldwork in Costa Rica and Scandinavia. Colleagues who supplied specimens for culture are named under appropriate species, and are thanked accordingly. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Victor Ma for invaliable technical assistance and to Dr. Andrew Methven, who performed miracles with the original draft of the paper. 257 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bardin, R. 1959. Contribution a l’etude des myceliums de quelques Agaricales leucosporees de la famille des Tricholomataceae. Ann. Univ. [Lyon] C, 11: 31-38. Bastouill, Y¥. 1977. Morphologie, cytologie et comportement nucléaire du mycélium de quelques Agaricales. Thesis, Univ. Lyon, ined. Bigelow, H.E., O.K. 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