4y y &. ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY LIU DATE DUE PERIODICAL ROOM ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY v are. Poke) 2 UW at —™ * be O 172 JS? Cv V- AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DESIGNED TO EXPEDITE PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI & LICHENS ~ WYCOTAXON Volume L January-March 1994 CONTENTS Contribution to our knowledge of the Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycotina) of the Basque MOIIREN ee ge a aig iwi Where ata a se sckeieo arelia ei I, Salcedo Larralde 1 Contribution to the lichen flora of Transkei........... C. M. Thomas and R. B. Bhat 9 Battarreoides diguetti (Gasteromycetes, Tulostomatales) in Southern Africa. J. C. Coetzee and A. Eicker 19 Type studies in the Polyporaceae 25. Species described from Japan by R. Imazeki and A. Yasuda. Tsutomu Hattori and Leif Ryvarden 27 The species of the genus Rinodina (Lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) containing Pannarin in Eurasia with a special note on the taxonomy of Rinodina granulans. Mireia Giralt, Helmut Mayrhofer and Walter Obermayer 47 Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae and related anamorphs. VIII. TheEphelis anamorph of Balansia epichloe. Ryan A. Phelps and Gareth Morgan-Jones_ 61 A new species of Ascotricha with non-ostiolate ascomata. Shun-ichi Udagawa, Shigeru Uchiyama and Seigo Kamiya 73 Talaromyces spectabilis, a new species of food-borne ascomycetes. Shun-ichi Udagawa and Shoji Suzuki 81 Notes on the genus Monoicomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycotina): On the species Meee IDCO Yr ODGRAZZIM ye ee eo Ba eg, Sergio Santamaria 89 Observations on Pseudotracylla species.......... 0... ce ee L. M. Carris 93 Acaulospora excavata sp. nov. - an endomycorrhizal fungus from Céte d'Ivoire. K. Ingleby, C. Walker and P. A. Mason 99 Studies on keratinophilic fungi. Il. Chrysosporium pilosum sp. nov. J. Gené, J. Guarro, K. Ulfig, P. Vidal and J. Cano 107 A new species of Delitschia from West Africa. Fernando Pelaez, Jon D. Polishook, Marti Valldosera and Josep Guarro 115 A new species of Maravalia from India... .G. Bagyanarayana and E. John Ravinder 123 A new species of Uromyces on Ocimum from India G. Bagyanarayana and E. John Ravinder 127 Amanita westii - taxonomy and distribution. A rare species from states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. .............. Rodham E. Tulloss and David P. Lewis 131 Orpinomyces intercalaris, anew species of polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus from cattle. Y. W. Ho, N. Abdullah and S. Jalaludin 139 The original collections of Arturo Nannizzi (1877-1961) in the Herbarium Universitatis DeMensis (HIE NAY re ee A. Chiarucci and M. G. Mariotti 151 Lambertellinia scutuloides (Sclerotiniaceae), a new genus and species for a discomycete previously confused with Hymenoscyphus caudatus. Richard P. Korf and Pavel Lizon 167 [Contents continued overleaf] ISSN 0093-4666 MY XNAB 50s 1-516° (1994) Published quarterly by MYCOTAXON, LTD., P. O. Box 264, Ithaca, Ny 14851. For subscription details, availability in microfilm and microfiche, and availability of articles as tear sheets, see back cover. [Contents continued from front cover] Agaricales of Baja California - Mexico. M. Candusso, A. Gennari and N. Ayala 175 Phaulomyces simplocariae sp. nov. (Ascomycetes, Laboulbeniales) from Simplocaria semistriazd (Coteoiera, Pytrinidges 24 fs i's Be ek oe eR ee A. De Kesel 191 Stomiopeltis glochidiicola sp.nov..............+.+-. Alaka Pande and V. G. Rao 199 Additional new species and new reports of Pertusaria (Lichenised Ascomycotina) from New Zealand with a revised key to the corticolous species in New Zealand. Alan W. Archer and John A. Elix 203 Alternaria themes and variations (74-105) .................. Emory G. Simmons 219 Agaricus pseudoargentinus n. sp. from Argentina. Edgardo Albert6 and Jorge E. Wright 271 Three new Southamerican species of Bovista (Gasteromycetes). V. L. Suarez and J. E. Wright 279 Four new species in the lichen genus Parmelia (Ascomycotina, Lecanorales) from Southern Africa, with notes on Southern African lichens.............. Franklin A. Brusse 291 Furia shandongensis (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales), a new pathogen of earwigs. Weiman Wang, Wenhua Lu and Zengzhi Li 301 Two new pathogens of dipteran insects ............. Meizhen Fan and Zengzhi Li 309 A new Cortinarius from a mature aspen stand in Montana. Cathy Cripps and Orson K. Miller, Jr. 315 The lichen flora of Rock Canyon, Utah County, Utah. Ted O. Ririe, Larry L. St. Clair and Clayton C. Newberry 323 Validation of the name Microbotryum vinosum (Ustilaginales)...Cvetomir M. Denchey 331 New species of Gymnopilus (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae) from Mexico. Laura Guzman-Davalos 333 Discosia’ eucalypiicola. wan -sponOw ose 8 se a ee T. R. Nag Raj 349 Tricholosporum in Mexico and description of a new species. Gaston Guzman, Victor M. Bandala and Leticia Montoya 355 Studies in the genus Pleurotus. Ill. The varieties of P. ostreatus -complex based on interbreeding strains and the study of basidiomata obtained in culture. Gast6n Guzman, Leticia Montoya, Gerardo Mata and Dulce Salmones 365 Omphalina sensu lato in North America. 1-2. 1.O0mphalina wynniae and the genus Chrysomphalina. 2.Omphalina sensu Bigelow. Lorelei L. Norvell, Scott A. Redhead, Joseph F. Ammirati 379 Alternaria themes and variations (106-111) ................. Emory G. Simmons 409 Menispora convoluta, a new dematiaceous hyphomycete from Central Italy. Dario Lunghini 429 Redisposals and redescriptions in the Monochaetia-Seiridium, Pestaltia-Pestalotiopsis complexes. X. Pestalotia granati and Pestalozzina punicae T. R. Nag Raj and V. Mel'Nik 435 Cylindrocladium naviculatum sp. nov. and two new vesiculate hyphomycete genera, Falcocladium and Vesicladiella. P. W. Crous, M. J. Wingfield, A. C. Alfenas and S. F. Silveira 441 Wentiomyces lichenicola subsp. nov.bouteillei champignon lichénicole non lichénisé (Dothideales, Dimeriaceae). Claude Roux, Olivier Bricaud, Emmanuél Sérusiaux et Clother Coste 459 Miscellaneous notes on Mucoraceae........... M.A.A.Schipper and R.A.Samson 475 hawrnctond ig Anthote. 5 6 Sante on alslt lot vd wiege sl eae koe ot A 2 ee ee 493 Aiitiay TINE eo eG Bits Ga cig lh ett Se oa et ERY eile Wik Ce melee ie a 499 SEES: 10 fi ae AR rail dee atin ae) ee! atte wl nice WW) Nt elle ta fieeh dy Al ens le 502 [og se Ur pelt on 2 Ae ean ds 4 AU Ye Meg” ee Ce Nee MENDON a PIES $15 Publication Date; MY COTAAON Volume 49. 206.0025 os oo Oe eo ee eee 515 Rees Oe ea ee ie Re as Ge seta Uh aoe oe eRe Le gone ee er 516 MY COTAXON AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DESIGNED TO EXPEDITE PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI & LICHENS ALBERT R. MANIN LIBRARY MAR 34 iss4 VOLUME L, 1994!THACA, NY 14853 COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME CONSISTING OF iv + 516 PAGES INCLUDING FIGURES OK MFIQ VSO / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 1944 Jean Boise Cargill Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ASSOCIATE EDITORS Linda M. Kohn Book Review Editor Botany Department, University of Toronto-Erindale Mississauga, Ontario LSL 1C6, Canada Grégoire L. Hennebert French Language Editor Laboratoire de Mycologie systématique et appliquée Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Robert Dirig Index Editor Bailey Hortorium, Mann Library Building Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD RONALD H. PETERSEN, Knoxville, Tennessee (1990-94, Chm.) _ AMY Y. ROSSMAN, Beltsville, Maryland (1990-95) GREGOIRE L. HENNEBERT, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (1990-96) JAMES W. KIMBROUGH, Gainesville, Florida (1992-97) JACK D. ROGERS, Pullman, Washington (1993-98) OVE ERIKSSON, Umea, Sweden (1994-99) Published by MYCOTAXON, LTD., P.O.BOX 264 ITHACA, NY 14851-0264, USA Printed in the United States of America 111 Table of Contents, Volume Fifty January-March 1994 Contribution to our knowledge of the Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycotina) of the Basque Countrysa lle 3 oe tee Me Eee Pee ee I. Salcedo Larralde 1 Contribution to the lichen flora of Transkei. ....C. M. Thomas and R. B. Bhat 9 Battarreoides diguetti (Gasteromycetes, Tulostomatales) in Southern Africa. J. C. Coetzee and A. Eicker 19 Type studies in the Polyporaceae 25. Species described from Japan by R. Imazeki aNd ACRY ASNdae qs cmeah ae ton pode Tsutomu Hattori and Leif Ryvarden 27 The species of the genus Rinodina (Lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) containing Pannarin in Eurasia with a special note on the taxonomy of Rinodina granulans. Mireia Giralt, Helmut Mayrhofer and Walter Obermayer 47 Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae and related anamorphs. VIII. TheEphelis anamorph of Balansia epichloe. Ryan A. Phelps and Gareth Morgan-Jones_ 61 A new species of Ascotricha with non-ostiolate ascomata. Shun-ichi Udagawa, Shigeru Uchiyama and Seigo Kamiya 73 Talaromyces spectabilis, a new species of food-borne ascomycetes. Shun-ichi Udagawa and Shoji Suzuki 81 Notes on the genus Monoicomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycotina): On the species cdlescnbediby SDePaZZiNi wie ek ea eet © eee Sergio Santamaria 89 Observations on PS€udoIacylla ispecies \ rast tar Gowint ona) ales L. M. Carris 93 Acaulospora excavata sp. nov. - an endomycorrhizal fungus from Céte d'Ivoire. K. Ingleby, C. Walker and P. A. Mason 99 Studies on keratinophilic fungi. Il. Chrysosporium pilosum sp. nov. Gené, J. Guarro, K. Ulfig, P. Vidal and J. Cano 107 A new species of Delitschia from West Africa. Fernando Pelaez, Jon D. Polishook, Marti Valldosera and Josep Guarro 115 A new species of Maravalia from India. G. Bagyanarayana and E. John Ravinder 123 A new species of Uromyces on Ocimum from India : G. Bagyanarayana and E. John Ravinder 127 Amanita westii - taxonomy and distribution. A rare species from states bordering the<Gulf'ok MEXICO 3.005... Rodham E. Tulloss and David P. Lewis 131 Orpinomyces intercalaris, a new species of polycentric anaerobic rumen FONGUS OM Callens ca. oar, ner Y. W. Ho, N. Abdullah and S. Jalaludin 139 The original collections of Arturo Nannizzi (1877-1961) in the Herbarium Universitatis SETCUSIS COLEINA) b ecw Ret tect eo vei A. Chiarucci and M. G. Mariotti 151 Lambertellinia scutuloides (Sclerotiniaceae), a new genus and species for a discomycete previously confused with Hymenoscyphus caudatus. Richard P. Korf and Pavel Lizon 167 Agaricales of Baja California - Mexico. M. Candusso, A. Gennari and N. Ayala 175 Phaulomyces simplocariae sp. nov. (Ascomycetes, Laboulbeniales) from Simplocaria somusmiaia (Coleoptera, Byrrhidae) jcc 2. eles elena ees 3+ A. De Kesel 191 Stomiopeltis glochidiicola sp. nov............ Alaka Pande and V. G. Rao 199 Additional new species and new reports of Pertusaria (Lichenised Ascomycotina) from New Zealand with a revised key to the corticolous species in New Zealand. Alan W. Archer and John A. Elix 203 Alternaria themes and variations (74-105)............. Emory G. Simmons 219 Agaricus pseudoargentinus n. sp. from Argentina. Edgardo Alberto and Jorge E. Wright 271 Three new Southamerican species of Bovista (Gasteromycetes). V. L. Suarez and J. E. Wright 279 iv Four new species in the lichen genus Parmelia (Ascomycotina, Lecanorales) from Southern Africa, with notes on Southern African lichens. Franklin A. Brusse Furia shandongensis (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales), a new pathogen of earwigs. Weiman Wang, Wenhua Lu and Zengzhi Li Two new pathogens of dipteran insects........ Meizhen Fan and Zengzhi Li A new Cortinarius from a mature aspen stand in Montana. Cathy Cripps and Orson K. Miller, Jr. The lichen flora of Rock Canyon, Utah County, Utah. Ted O. Ririe, Larry L. St. Clair and Clayton C. Newberry Validation of the name Microbotryum vinosum (Ustilaginales). Cvetomir M. Denchev New species of Gymnopilus (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae) from Mexico. Laura Guzman-Davalos Discosia. €ucalypticola "anain-spyNoviniee see cnee eee es T. R. Nag Raj Tricholosporum in Mexico and description of a new species. Gaston Guzman, Victor M. Bandala and Leticia Montoya Studies in the genus Pleurotus. Ill. The varieties of P. ostreatus -complex based on interbreeding strains and the study of basidiomata obtained in culture. Gaston Guzman, Leticia Montoya, Gerardo Mata and Dulce Salmones Omphalina sensu lato in North America. 1-2. 1.Omphalina wynniae and the genus Chrysomphalina. 2.Omphalina sensu Bigelow. Lorelei L. Norvell, Scott A. Redhead, Joseph F. Ammirati Alternaria themes and variations (106-111)............ Emory G. Simmons Menispora convoluta, a new dematiaceous hyphomycete from Central Italy. , Dario Lunghini Redisposals and redescriptions in the Monochaetia-Seiridium, Pestaltia-Pestalotiopsis complexes. X. Pestalotia granati and Pestalozzina punicae T. R. Nag Raj and V. Mel'Nik Cylindrocladium naviculatum sp. nov. and two new vesiculate hyphomycete genera, Falcocladium and Vesicladiella. P. W. Crous, M. J. Wingfield, A. C. Alfenas and S. F. Silveira Wentiomyces lichenicola subsp. nov.bouteillei champignon lichénicole non lichénisé (Dothideales, Dimeriaceae). Claude Roux, Olivier Bricaud, Emmanuél Sérusiaux et Clother Coste Miscellaneous notes on Mucoraceae...... M.A.A.Schipper and R.A.Samson Instructions tov Aithors.i® Peete ee oe Sas sca eel lee gar ec sti ere acme Author INDEX). 2952 Sree Nasr ee MA are ae Ha J 1 va eee INDEX+to Tungous taxdy are eer he reas Nitta porteetaeke «5 2 es NGRa ete ee ee Errataicys 20s et EO Sel aes MEET UR SEEN S 4, (ig bY a SWE ee Publication Date,’MYCOPAXON#*Volume 49 25. 03 oka ei REVICWETS ... 5.551 Re ee OMT le Oth ety tg ae gh RUMORS TL eee Let aed UA Re Rtn ane ne MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 1-7 January-March 1994 CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE APHYLLOPHORALES (BASIDIOMYCOTINA) OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY.|II” |. SALCEDO _LARRALDE Lab. Botanica. Dpto. Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad del Pais Vasco/EHU. Apdo. 644. 48080 Bilbao. Spain. Summary Four species until the present unknown in the Iberian mycological flora are mentioned and described, namely: Acanthobasidium phragmitis Boidin & al., Auriporia aurulenta A.David & al., Flaviporus brownei (Humb.) Donk and Sarcodontia crocea (Schwein.:Fr.) Kotl. Resdmen Se citan y comentan 4 especies no conocidas hasta ahora para la flora micolégica ibérica, a saber: Acanthobasidium phragmitis Boidin & al., Auriporia aurulenta A.David & al., Flaviporus brownei (Humb.) Donk y Sarcodontia crocea (Schwein.:Fr.) Kotl. INTRODUCTION Following work started a few years ago, which has the final aim of cataloguing the Basque Country's Aphyllophorales, different phases corresponding to the sampling of concrete areas have been covered (cf. Salcedo Larralde, 1989; Salcedo & Telleria, 1992). During the sampling done, the above mentioned species have turned out to be interesting, whose appearance might have been favoured by the climatology of 1992. The samples studied are in the Herbarium of the University of the Basque Country (BIO), or in V. Martinez's private Herbarium (VM). * Work supported by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) project n° 118.310-E191/91 2 Acanthobasidium phragmitis Boidin & al. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 101(4):345. (1985) VIZCAYA: Lejona, barrio deTelleria, 30TWP0098, 50 m, on Arundo donax, 12-XI-1992, |. Salcedo, 6275IS, BlO-Fungi 4693; idem, 6278IS, BlO-Fungi 4692. In 1985 Boidin & al. described this species, that forms little menbranous and whitish patches, on stems of two genera of the Poaceae family. The specimens studied have also been collected in this same family and relatively near from the described area. The microscopic characters are very gaudy, having pleuroacanthobasidioles with numerous apical protuberances (figs. 1A,3A), also gloeocystidia with a round jutting apex and which are sometimes rather moniliformic (figs. 1C,3B), about 20-24 x 8-10 um. Basidia have four sterigmata and with many visible protuberances on the lower middle part, which differentiates it from A. norvegicum (J.Eriksson & Ryvarden) Boidin & al., since its basidia have two sterigmata and very few protuberances (l.c.). The basidiospores, that shrivel up and easily become deformed, are ellipsoid, very ornamented, and with long spines, easily seen in Melze's reagent, as they are strongly amyloid, and about 11-13 x 6.5-8 wm (figs. 1D,3C,3D). Auriporia aurulenta A.David & al. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 90(4):359-370 (1974) ALAVA: Valdegovia, Nograro, 30TVN9040, 950 m, on Pinus sylvestris, 30-V-1992, J.L.Garcia, L.Manso, V.Martinez, X. Olano & |. Salcedo, 7561VM; idem, 5629IS, BlO-Fungi 4690. GUIPUZCOA: Aya, Laurgain, 30TWN6787, 450 m, on Pseudotsuga menziesii, 21-X|-1992, J.L. Albizu, J. Huarte, X. Laskibar, J.M. Lekuona & |. Salcedo, 6336IS, BlO-Fungi 4696. This species is easily recognized in the field by its basidiocarp resupinate with hymenophore poroid, deep yellow-orange in colour, but turning ochre with age. Its microscopy is distinguished by its monomitic hyphal system, hyphae with clamps, its cystidia stalks and ventricose, more or less fusiform, thick-walled, and about 20-35 x 8-12 um, with grainy crystals on top (figs. 2A,3F) and by the presence of hyaline and lageniformic leptocystidia, 60-70 x 5-10 um (figs. 2B,3F). The basidiospores are ellipsoid and, in the specimens studied, about 4.5-6 x 2-3 ym (figs. CC Slssa)s 10 um ——— et Fig. 1.- Acanthobasidium phragmitis, BlO-Fungi 4693. A. pleuroacantho- basidioles. B. basidium. C. gloeocystidium. D. spores. A 10 pm B Fig. 2.- Auriporia aurulenta, BlO-Fungi 4690. A. Cystidia with crystals on top. B. leptocystidium. C. basidium and spores. 4 This species is known in Europa from Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, and the one time Yugoslavia (cf. Julich 1984:335). Flaviporus brownei (Humb.) Donk Persoonia 1: 189 (1960) GUIPUZCOA: Oiartzun, Arizabalo, 100 m, 30TWN9295, on Pinus sp. very wet, 26-IX-1992, |. Salcedo, 5890IS, BlO-Fungi 3821. Aya, Laurgain, 30TWN6787, 450 m, on Larix sp., 21-XI-1992, J.L. Albizu, J. Huarte, X. Laskibar, J.M. Lekuona & |. Salcedo, 6374 IS, BlO-Fungi 4694. Aya, Altxerri stream, 180 m, 30TWN6888, on wood very wet, 21-XI-1992, J.L. Albizu, J. Huarte, X. Laskibar, J.M. Lekuona & |. Salcedo, 6420IS, BlO-Fungi 4695. A species which is mainly found in tropical areas; until now it was only to be found in Europe in greenhouses and mines (cf. Ginns, 1980:1581; Ryvarden & Gilbertson, 1993:253). The specimens studied grow in open places (out of doors), which are always very humid. We will add that, in 1992, the species has also been found in Bayonne (France) by David & al. (pers. com.). The sulphur-yellow colour of the basidiocarp and the hymenophore poroid with 9-10 pores per mm makes the identification of the species in the field easy. The species is also usually easy to recognize because of the presence of numerous cilindric, long cystidia, thickly walled and strongly encrusted in the upper part, embedded in the trama or projecting slightly above it (fig. 3K); also by the ellipsoid basidiospores, about 2.5-3 x 1.6-2 ym, since both are diagnostic characters of this taxon. Fig. 3. A-Acanthobasidium phragmitis, BlO-Fungi 4693, pleuroacantho basidiole. B-ldem, gloeocystidia. C-ldem, pleuroacanthobasidioles and spores. D-ldem, shriveled and deformed spores. E-Auriporia aurulenta, BlO-Fungi4690, hymenium with cystidia. F-ldem, hymenium with cystidia. G,H-Sarcodontia crocea, BlIO-Fungi 4691, spores and basidium. |,J-Auriporia aurulenta, BlO-Fungi 4690, spores. K-Flaviporus brownei, BlO-Fungi 4695, hymenium with cystidia. L-Sarcodontia crocea, BlO-Fungi 4691, hymenium. 6 Sarcodontia crocea (Schwein.:Fr.) Kotl. Ceska mykol. 7:117 ClYss) = S. setosa (Pers.) Donk GUIPUZCOA: Hernialde, 250 m, 30TWN7478, on Malus sp., 25-X- 1992, J. Huarte, 62691S, BlO-Fungi 4691. As indicated by Breitenbach & Kranzlin (1986:168) and Jilich (1984:171) this species is of a wide distribution but with a very concrete habitat as it usually grows on apple trees, especially old ones. The resupinate basidiocarp, or stratified on vertical substata, hymenophore hydnoid with 5-7 mm long aculei, are the characteristics to be emphasized, as well as the sulphur-yellow colour and intensely nasty smell. When dried it loses some of its colour and smell . The specimens studied agree with the description given by Eriksson & al. (1981:1275); nevertheless we underline the fact that its spores are subgloboses, smooth, with somewhat thickened walls, and usually with an oil-drop, and about 4.8-5 x 4 um (figs. 3G,3H,3L). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | would like to thank all those who have helped me compile the specimens. And A.J.LOpez-Quintana and M.T.Telleria for their help in checking the manuscript. REFERENCES BOIDIN, J.,_ANQUETIN,P., CANDOUSSAU,F., GILLES,G. & HUGUENEY,R. (1985). Contribution a la connaissance des Aleurodiscoideae a spores amyloides (Basidiomycotina, Corticiaceae). Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 101. (4)(333-360 BREITENBACH,J. & KRANZLIN,F. (1986). Fungi of Switzerland. Non gilled fungi (Heterobasidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales, Gastromcetes. vol. 2 Verlag Mykologia. Lucerne. DAVID,A., TORTIC,M. & JELIC,M. (1974). Etudes comparatives de deux espéces d'Auriporia. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 90 (4):359-370. DONK,M.A. (1960). The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae. Persoonia 1 :173-302. ERIKSSON,J., HJORTSTAM,K. & RYVARDEN,L. (1981). The Corticiaceae of North Europe. vol. 6. Fungiflora. Oslo. GINNS,J. (1980). The genus Flaviporus Murrill (Polyporaceae) Can. J. Bot. 58 :1578-1590. JULICH,W. (1984). Die Nichtblatlerpilze, Gallertpilze und Bauchpilze. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Sttugart. 626pp. 7 RYVARDEN,L. & GILBERTSON,R.L. (1993). European polypores. part 1. Fungiflora. Oslo. SALCEDO,|. (1989). Catélogo comentado de los Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycotina) del territorio historico de Alava. Tesis doctoral. Universidad del Pais Vasco/EHU. SALCEDO,|. & TELLERIA,M.T. (1992). Contribucion al conocimiento de los Aphyllophorales del Pais Vasco. |. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 16 :53- 60. we eh Li ie J (a f Ly Lhe iy © Pad ‘ parr iia beat | { a j ne J se ; by a ah ahs Mabe). ie By Gay deka @ ; de a} ‘ ri i on 7 ie. ma 5% oly ‘ TR) hid Me hr Vw i ‘eae jy ta | ; Wik "$3 Secs gt CEP hau! A taal oan | tae Ys ae MS ae Bee ti wie ty ae ; Th bee) seaye ne eae | ‘ fii j Ay ee | Wi} iy Latte —- a 7 . te ‘nit } i Wit ch a ARNE RA has tube ot ‘ we ALi Niel y rer ae ade epee tel, eh PLP As , 4 ve val ny sik eis sae i) von ST Bil MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 9-18 January-March 1994 CONTRIBUTION TO THE LICHEN FLORA OF TRANSKEI C.M. THOMAS Department of Education, Umtata, Transkei. South Africa R.B. BHAT Department of Botany,University of Transkei ,Private Bag XI, Umtata, Transkei, South Africa ABSTRACT Fourteen species of lichens which have been discovered as new to Transkei, are described. The result of the recent investigations are based on the collections made from nine districts of this region. The physical selective forces limit the period of acquisition of resources needed for the growth. Frequent changes in the elements of climate, such as unexpected cold wave, irrespective of the season are contributing factors to the relatively small number of species. Lichen flora of Transkei have been unexplored for a long time. Interesting and new species are expected from this region. No lichen community is reported as endangered. Changes in the lichen flora cannot be assessed, as there is no previous comprehensive record of lichens in Transkei. INTRODUCTION Lichenological exploration of the Transkei region started in 1953. Collections made by Almborn from Port St. Johns and Flagstaff were the first, to reveal the existence of interesting endemic taxa and ubiquitous species in this area (Almborn 1966). Distinct foliicolous Lichen specimens from Dwesa Nature Reserve are illustrated by Brusse (1992). The present account is a contribution to the lichenological exploration of Transkei. In all, 500 collections were made belonging to 115 species. Some of them have been identified and others are under the process of identification. The identified specimens are new records for the Transkei region and described in this paper. In spite of all previous investigations many and interesting parts of Transkei remain unexplored as far as the lichen flora is concerned. Among the species recorded as new for Transkei come under fruticose 5 and foliose 9. 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS The following account is based on the collections made by the authors in 1992 from nine districts of Transkei, South Africa. The materials are placed in the authors herbarium and the representative set deposited in the herbarium of the University of Transkei (KEI) for future reference. The following number codes are used to indicate the collecting localities and their altitudes. Port St Johns Psd 1 5= 2.9 Pl Hululeka Nature Reserve HNR 2 200 M Libode LBD 3 930 M Butterworth BTH 4 680 M Encgobo EGO 5 1200 M Langeni LGI 6 900 M TsolorTLony 1300 M Mt. Frere MFR 8 1200 M Umtata UTA 9 800 M The specimens were collected from different localities (see map of Transkei), dried and preserved by customary method. Visits to the localities were made at different seasons. Morphology of the upper and the lower surfaces of the thallus, rhizine occurrence and the fruiting bodies were examined for identifications. Macrophotographs were taken with a cannon camera using close up view lens X 6. ECOLOGY Growth of most lichens is controlled by specific requirements like moisture, light and temperature. These factors together with altitude effectively restrict their distribution. The physical selective forces limit the period of acquisition of resources needed for growth. Transkei is between 27°-30° E longitude and 30°-33° § latitude, has an area of 58024 Ha. The ecologic - geographic variations are from coastal region hilly midland to mountainous interior with sub tropical climate with hot wet summer and warm dry winter. The interior is similar to coast but cooler with increasing height. The average daily minimum temperature of the coldest month (July) is 7° c and average daily maximum temperature of hottest month (January) is 28° c. Average rainfall in summer season is 600 mm. although it varies greatly from place to place. Average rain fall in winter is 200 mm. Towards the end of the winter season, this peninsular region experiences strong gale blowing from south polar region. Relative humidity is approximately 40% in the interior and it varies from 60% = 70% > at’ the’ coast “and midland. The altitude varies from sea level to 2000 nm. Habitat ranges from dry mountainous area, grass topped bare hills, humid forests and wild coast supporting varied lichen fiora; Map of Transkei 12 Description of the species are based exclusively on materials studied by the authors. Many taxonomically or phytogeographically poorly investigated species, are not included in the list for the time being. The following collector’s abbreviation is used (R.B.B - R.B. Bhat) for the specimens. R.B.B. 101. Parmelia(Rimelia) reticulata Tyl. Corticolous, foliose, upper surface of the thallus is green, lower surface brown along the tip and black towards the other regions. Apothecia not very common. Densely rhizinate on its lower surface. Width of the thallus 8-10 mm. It is commonly found in Umtata. R.B. B. LO2. skancnoriavparvetina ibs john ay Pin Corticolous. This is a bright orange red foliose species. Thallus turns green when it is wet. Sparsely rhizinate on appressed parts of the thallus. Round apothecia is sessile and adnate. Apothecial discs are orange red in colour. Grows on the fresh bark of the shady trees along Umtata river bank behind St.Bed’s College. It prefers shady places with high humidity at 400 m - 600 m MSL. Width of the thallus 3-4 mn. It is a rare species. R.B.B 103. Parmelia(Flavoparmelia) soredians Nyl. Corticolous, foliose, upper surface of the thallus yellowish green, lower surface black, moderately rhizinate on appressed parts of the thallus. It is commonly found on the fresh bark of maple trees near stadium of the Transkei university campus Umtata. Width of the thallus 2-5 mm. Apothecia not common. R.B.B. 104. Parmelia(Punctelia)borreri (Sm.) Krog. Corticolous, foliose, upper surface of the thallus is green lower surface is brown and black. Short rhizines occur. Found on dry/fresh bark of shady trees along the bank of Umtata river on the lower side of St. Bedes College. Width of the) thallus: (5=72 aim. R.B.B. 105. Dirinaria picata (Sw.) Aem. & Shear Corticolous, foliose, upper surface of the thallus is grey, lower surface black. Thallus firmly attached to the substratum. Grows on dry bark of the trees along the bank of Umtata river. 5-6 cm in diameter. Width of thallus 2-4 mn. Plate 1- General aspects of Parmelia and Heterodermia spps., showing different forms of lobes and apices. a- Parmelia (Punctilia) borreri b- Heterodermia diademata c- Parmelia(Rimelia)reticulata d- Parmelia(Xanthoparmelia) mutabilis e- Parmelia(Flavoparmelia)soredians f- Parmelia (Parmotrema) austrosinensis Magnification x 1 is 14 R.B.B. 106. Heterodermia diademata (Tayl.) Awasthi Corticolous, foliose, upper surface is greyish white, lower surface white, and rhizinate. Apothecia is rare. Width of the thallus 1-2 mm. This genus is known before only from tropical America, Africa and Philippines and New Gunea. R.B.B. 107. Parmelia(Parmotrema) austrosinensis Zahlbr. Corticolous, foliose, upper surface is green towards the Older parts of the thallus and grey towards younger parts.Lower surface rhizinate, brown. Occur on the fresh bark of citrus trees in the orchards of Agriculture college, Tsolo. Grows to 3-5 cm in diameter. Width of the thallus varies from 5-12 mn. R.B.B. 108. Parmelia(Xanthoparmelia)mutabilis Tayl. Saxicolous, foliose, upper surface olive green, lower surface brown, rhizinate. It is highly evolved group in southern Africa (Hale Jr.1972). Average width of the thallus 3-5 mn. R.B.B. 110. Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. Corticolous, foliose, upper surface grey, glossy, grows on fresh bark of shrubs along Umtata river behind St. Bedes College. R.B.B. 111. Teloschistis exelis (Michx.) Vain. Corticolous, fruticose. Grows on the fresh bark of jacaranda trees, garden rose plants at Buntigville, Umtata General hospital. Prefers shrubs. Considerable variation in thallus colour is observed from yellow to orange red to grey or greyish white. Highly branched thalli form tufts of about 5 cm diameter. Long cylindrical very slender erect lobes. Thallus lobes are 3-4 cm long and 0.5-1 mm wide,narrows towards the tip. Tips of the thallus end like a spine. Dichotomously branched. Apothecia frequent. Apothecial discs are orange red in colour and flat. They are lateral or terminal. No hairs at the margin of the apothecia. Orange red fruiting bodies are held on stalks. R.B.B. 113 Teloschistis hypoglaucus (Nylk.) Zahlbr. Corticolous, fruticose lichen with foliose thallus as seen in lichens of the Himalayas (Poelt & Obermayer 1991). Thallus is divided in to many lobes. Grows to 1-2 cm in diameter. Thallus is ash grey or grey in colour. Lower surface is reticulately veined. Apothecia are numerous and they are lateral or terminal. Apothecial discs are orange red as in Plate 2- Upper surface of thalli of fruticose and foliose lichens. a- Teloschistes hypoglaucus with apothecia (arrow) b- Xanthoria parietina c- Dirinaria picatata d- Usnea undulata e- Ramalina aspera with apothecia (arrow) f- Ramalina celastri thallus with apothecia (arrow) 15 16 Xanthoria and concave, 1-2 mm in diameter. Hairy structures along the margin of the apothecia and on the thallus. Apothecia are held on short stalks. Grows on fresh bark of shady trees along gravel road to Zingiza. Occurs only in southern hemisphere, South America, South Africa and Australia (Almborn 1989). R.B.B. 115) Usnea undulata (Stirt.) Corticolous, fruticose, green, erect, or pendulous dichotomously branched thallus. Radially symmetrical. The thallus is attached to the substratum at one point. Grows on fresh bark on trees as well as on dry branches. Varying in height from 3-8 cm. Occurs very commonly in Hululeka Nature reserve, Engcobo, and Libode. R.B.B. 118. Ramalina celastri (Spreng.) Krog. & Swinsc. Corticolous, fruticose, thallus is short with broad undivided base. Thallus flat and ridged. Olive green in colour. Bilaterally symmetrical,firmly attached to the fresh bark of trees. The base of the thallus penetrate deep in to the cortex of the host plant. Thallus is branched. Apothecia are abundant and adnate, apical or sub apical or laminal varying in height from 1-8 cm. Width of the thallus varies from 3-10 mm. In some cases the lamina of the thallus has foliatious extensions. R.celastri is one of the most common species in Transkei. It is found to be widely distributed on branches which are exposed to light,mostly upper part of the trees and usually not observed to towards the base of the host plant. Photophilous. R.B.B. 120. Ramalina aspera Ras. Corticolous, fruticose broad and flat thallus,bilaterally symmetrical, branched, short, 1-3 cm long, 3-5 mm broad. The basal part is un-branched. Apothecia sub apical or sometimes laminal or marginal or at random held on very short stalk. Apothecial disc flat. Occurs more frequently on exposed branches of trees,therefore tolerant to high intensity of light. It is also observed on artificial habitats like parks and town avenues on fence posts roof tops. They occur more frequently on well exposed branches compared to lower branches which are shaded. Photophilous. CONCLUSION Fourteen lichens new to Transkei are investigated and recorded. They are mostly common or wide spread species, which indicate that most part of the ‘Transkei and scientifically important areas are unknown from. the lichenological point of view. The coastal region represents a community dominated by different species of Ramalina together with foliose and crustose lichens. As the population of Ramalina increases on the host plant the vegetative growth of that particular part decreases and Slowly dies off giving a clue that it may be semi-parasite. T7 Further this genus shows heliotropic tendency. The altitude, strong gale from polar region, frequent changes in the elements of climate are contributing factors to the relatively small number of species in this region. Some areas are so inactive that vegetation does not have the opportunity to become established. In areas where vegetation occurs it can appear as strips and patches. Some types of lichens especially foliose and fruticose establish themselves by becoming intertwined with host plant material. Some fruticose lichens which have foliose thallus, is a special feature noted in Transkei. Similar observations have been made in some lichens in the Himalayas (Poelt & Obermayer, 1991). Lichens can be used as biological indicators because of their sensitivity to environmental pollution. Scientific research regarding the role of lichens as monitors of environmental pollution began from the middle of the century. As there is no previous comprehensive records of lichens from this regions, the rate of pollution and changes in lichen communities could not be assessed and established. No particular lichen community is reported as endangered by any agency. Any type of environmental change may have an impact on the lichen population. Growth in human population and industries in the city of Umtata and other towns may increase pollution and influence the growth of lichens and may result in the disappearance of some lichen species. Further future investigations on the lichenological studies may throw more light in this direction. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the Department of Forestry, Transkei, South Africa, for the necessary permit to collect the living materials from the forests and nature reserves. Our thanks are also due to Dr. Darrell J. Weber for the ' valuable suggestions and corrections to the manuscript. REFERENCES Almborn, O. 1966. Revision of some lichen genera in southern Africa I. Botaniska Notisier 119 OF ase Sy. sa7.0 slo, Almborn, O. 1989.Revision of the lichen genus Teloschistes in central and southern Africa. Nord. J. Bot. 8(5): 521-537. Brusse,F.Ai, Dickinson, -C.H..1991.)Asnew foliicolous species in the lichen genus Porina (Porinaceae, Pyrinulales) from southern Africa. Mycotaxon 42: Sidi sO Os Brusse, F. 1992. Gomphillaceae (Lichens). A new species of Bullatina from the Transkei wild coast. Bothalia 22 (1): 44-46. 18 Elix, J.A. & Johnston, J. 1988. New species and new reports of Flavoparmelia (lichenized Ascomycotina) from southern hemisphere. Mycotaxon 33: 391-400. Hale Mason, E. Jr. 1972. New species of Parmelia section cyclocheila in southern Africa. Bryologist 75 (3): 342-348. Poelt, J. & Obermayer,W. 1991.Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flechten Flora des Himalaya II .Die Gattung Byonora (Lichenes, Lecanoraceae) Zugleich eine revision aller Arten. Nova Hedwigia 53(1): 1-26. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 19-25 January-March 1994 BATTARREOIDES DIGUETII (GASTEROMYCETES, TULOSTOMATALES) IN SOUTHERN AFRICA J.C. COETZEE and A. EICKER Department of Biological Sciences, Peninsula Technikon, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7530, Republic of South Africa Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa. SUMMARY Two recent collections of Battarreoides diguetii from Botswana and South Africa confirm the occurrence of this fungus in southern Africa. The southern African material is described and its spores are compared with those of Batarrea stevenii. KEY WORDS: Battarreoides diguetii; Batarrea stevenii; southern Africa; scanning electron microscopy. INTRODUCTION When Bottomley (1948) recorded Battarreoides diquetii (Pat. & Har.) R. Heim & T. Herrera [as Batarrea digueti Pat. & Har.] from the northern Transvaal in South Africa, she had little doubt that her diagnosis was correct, even though this species was, until then, known from, and believed to be confined to North America only (Cunninghan, 1944). Scepticism regarding the occurrence of this fungus in Africa persisted, however, and in his authoritative Gasteromycete overview, Dring (1973) for example, still cited Battarreoides as an endemic North American genus, a view also upheld in Hawksworth et al. (1983). The disjunct distribution pattern created by the African material, which comprised of a single specimen only, and the uncharacteristic photograph in Bottomley (1948) might have contributed to this scepticism. The recent collection of three Battarreoides specimens from the Kalahari region in Botswana and South Africa was of particular significance, therefore, since it finally confirmed the southern African distribution of this genus. The Kalahari material, as well as the northern Transvaal specimen (Bottomley, 1948), largely agree to earlier descriptions of Battarreoides Giguetii (Patouillard & Hariot, 1896; Rea, 1942; Herrera, 1953) and these authors believe that the southern African 20 material should be assigned to that species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The description that follows is based on dried herbarium material kept in the South African National Collection of Fungi (PREM). Only three southern African collections, comprising four specimens, exist. Kreisel (1967) and \Miller)))& Miller: ((1988))\.were (followed) > in determining the blueing reaction of the glebal hyphae in aniline blue/lactophenol. For electron microscopy, glebal tissue of B. diguetii was affixed onto copper stubs, coated with gold ina Polaron sputter coater and examined with a Jeol 840 scanning electron microscope. For comparison, spores of two Batarrea stevenii collections (PREM 28261 and PREM 49215) were examined in the same way. Spore sizes were measured directly from the scanning electron micrographs, but capillitium measurements were obtained from material mounted in colourless lactophenol and observed through a| Reichert-Jung Polyvar microscope. Colour names and codes appearing in brackets’ refer to the closest colour equivalents in the "Methuen Handbook of Colour" (Kornerup & Wanscher, 1978). DESCRIPTION Battarreoides diguetii (Pat. et Har.) R. Heim et T. Herrera,! Anwiinst «biol «Mex. wo2 em SU (LOGI. = Batarrea Digueti Patouillard et Hariot, Journ. /de Botan due!) 0015 est 2 5 pon ek (1896). = Battarraeastrum Digueti (Pat. et Har.) R. Heim et T. Herrera, Rev. de Mycol. 25(3-4): 2 Die bn L9 GO.) = Battarrea Griffithsii Underwood, Bull. Torrey Bot. Olub: 28-4440) opty o3 7k OOi ie = Battarrea Digueti forma minor Lloyd, Myc. Writ. TAS) ah S aD Lees ty noe 3 SG Oo aL = Battarreoides potosinus T. Herrera, An. Inst. Biol Mex vu243 (47 =A26,,(01953)). Basidiocarp stipitate. Peridium attached more or less centrally on the stipe apex, campanulate, 30-51 mm wide, up to, 30), mm high, Vbut only;up. to 12. smnmiseparating che peridial apex from the point of attachment to the stipe. A narrow, protruding, membraneous margin demarcates’ the junction between the convex upper and concave bottom peridial halves (zone of circumscissile dehiscence in Batarrea). Exoperidium creamish white (yellowish white; 442), thin, brittle fugacious,,-virtually absent onwsome (usually weathered) specimens. Endoperidium concolourous with exoperidium, smooth, texture tough and springy, dehiscing by means of pores mostly arranged ina circle along the peridial circumference, a few millimetres above the junction of the upper and lower peridial halves. Stipe zt yellowish cream (pale yellow; 4A3) or blackish brown (although more brownish towards the base), up to 27,5 cm long, 9-12 mm wide, cylindrical but attenuating towards the base, hollow, smooth to squamose, may be deeply sulcate, lacerating into large linear, fibrous scales, more so towards the base, sometimes contorted, the sulcations then spiralling along the length of the stipe. Gleba cobwebby, dark brown (dark brown; 7F8), adherent to the base of the endoperidium, comprised of elaters, spores and hyaline to very faintly pigmented hyphae (both thin walled and skeletal), 2-7 um in diameter. Thin-walled hyphae abundant, comprising single hyphae to amorphous, tissue-like mycelial aggregates, sparsely septate, occasionally branched. Skeletal hyphae (capillitium) thick Wotltece (Up icOmlls/> Lum rarely branched.) “apparently aseptate, cyanophilic, arising from thin walled hyphae. Elaters 2,5-8,75 wm in diameter (mostly varying between 4,5-6,25 wm), consisting of very short to longer fragments usually not exceeding much more than 160 yum in length (although lengths of up to 210 um have been measured), occasionally branched, often with tapering, rounded ends. Elater walls hyaline and thin but with numerous annular (occasionally spiral), wall thickenings, yellowish brown in colourless lactophenol and positively cyanophilic upon heating in aniline blue/lactophenol. Basidia: immature stages not preserved to record these cells. Basidiospores dark rusty brown (dark. brown; 7F8).,,. globose’ to’ broadly Nata e-Oy oO. LM LOnGsand 4)6—-576 Uso rOag.! Very sSnoncly pedicelled (0,5 um), appearing pitted under the light microscope’ but with a aqistinctiy reticulate wall sculpture on the electron micrographs. Volva not observed. Habitat: Arid soil; sand dune; termite mound. Distribution in Africa: northern Transvaal and north western Cape, South Africa; central Botswana. Distribution elsewhere: North America. Teones: Patouillard & | Hariot))(1896),, White (1901), \Lioyd (29063. PLOVaS NT CLO23 ie REAM GLO d 2) BOCCOmMLey i \(LO4Syr, Herrera (1953), Heim & Herrera (1960). Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: Botanic Reserve near Messina, northern Transvaal, on termite mound, I.B. Pole EBVans. |S PREM. 20459, August; | 19257. Groblershoop, north western Cape Province, on sand dune, M.C. Moolman, PREM 494325) March 1989. BOTSWANA: Approximately 8 km West of Tsutswa pan (approx. 63 km West of Hukuntzi), Kgalagadi SIisteict, On sanay soll, 1G. D. .Oubpert (PREM) 51435 7)'13 .97.89. DISCUSSION Macroscopically, the monotypic genus Battarreoides differs from Batarrea by the endoperidium which dehisces by multiple pores instead of circumscissilely. The most Significant microscopic difference between the two genera lies in the relative lengths of the elaters, which in Batarrea seldomly exceed 80 um, while lengths of between 100-200 wm are common in Battarreoides (Rea, 1942; Miller & Miller, 1988). 22 Although the photograph of Battarreoides diguetii in Bottomley (1948) depicts a specimen without peridial perforations, re-examination of Bottomley’s material (PREM 20459) did reveal distinctive perforations in that part of the peridium not visible in the photograph. Examination and careful comparison of ‘all the southern African specimens convinced uS'/5Of Sthexr conspecificity and position in the genus Battarreoides. The southern African Battarreoides specimens do not differ Significantly from earlier descriptions and illustrations of B. diguetii (Patouillard & Hariot, 1896; White, 1901; Lloyd, 1906; Lloyd, 1923; Rea, 1942; Herrera, 1953; Heim & Herrera, 1960) and we have little doubt that they represent the same species. The peridial perforations in our specimens are largely restricted to a circular arrangement and, with one exception, are not scattered over the peridial surface as reported by Patouillard & Hariot (1896) and Herrera (1953). This seems to bea variable characterisric, however, as a Circurar arrangement had also _been reported for a number of specimens examined by Herrera (1953)..5 MOsStasrautcnons describe the gleba as pulverulent and not cobwebby as interpreted by Lloyd (1923) and ourselves. This character also seems to vary, and is speculated to be a function of the’ age* ofthe fruitang body at the “time of “collection, The only major difference between the southern African and North American material appears to be the absence of a volva,in the former. Thais, however,.1s a’ structure tac could easily be overlooked by the inexperienced collector and from earlier illustrations it is evident that the volva is not always included in herbarium specimens (Lloyd, 1923; Rea, 1942; Heim & Herrera, 1960). All the southern African collections were made by non-mycologists and the absence of the volva is therefore most likely to have been caused by collector ignorance. The spore ornamentation of B. digueti has been interpreted as warted, reticulated or perforate (Rea, 1942), obscurely verrucose (Patoulllard & :Hariot, 1896) and finely bristly (Herrera, 1953). Under the SEM, spores of the southern African collections were, however, distinctly” retictilatere(hrgures ila sande ab)7 By this characteristic alone, the Battarreoides specimens were clearly distinguishable from Batarrea stevenii which had spores of a more verrucose nature (Figures 1c and 1d). The reticulate spore ornamentation, lack of circumscissile dehiscence and long elaters thus form a combination of characteristics which distinguish Battarreoides from Batarrea. This”1s* in tcontlict with) the results ors sagoom study by Liu and Liu (1983), however, who reported and Fig. 1. a-b. Basidiospores of Battarreoides diguetii. c-d. Basidiospores and elaters of Batarrea stevenii. 24 illustrated reticulate spores, closely resembling those of our Battarreoides diguetii specimens, for Batarrea stevenii. This apparent discrepancy requires an examination of the sporophores used in their study for elater length and circumscissile dehiscence. Tt ce probable that the spores described by Liu and Liu (1983) were not those of Batarrea stevenii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The co-operation of Alice P. Baxter, curator of PREM, and’ the assistance of Prof. J. Coetzee, Mr. C. van der Merwe and Mr. A. Botha of the electron microscopy unit, University of Pretoria, is gratefully acknowledged. Professor Orson Ki. Miller of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is thanked for critically reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. This study was partially funded by a FRD grant to the junior author. REFERENCES Bottomley, A.M. (1948). Gasteromycetes of South Africa. Bothalia 4(3): 73-810. Cunningham, G.H. (1944). The Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand. Dunedin: John McIndoe. Dring, D.M. (1973). Gasteromycetes. pp. 451-478. In Ainsworth et al., (eds): The Fungi: An advanced treatise. Vol 4B. New York: Academic Press. Hawksworth)«(D. Li /{Sutton Bwie. To \Aansworth, G.Cly (L983), Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 7th ed. Kew : Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Herrera, T. (1953). Un hongo nuevo procedente del Estado de San Luis Potosi Battarreoides potosinus. An. Inst. Biol. Mex. 24: 41-46. Heim, R. & Herrera, T. (1960). Nouvelles contributions a la flore mycologique mexicaine. Revue de Mycologie ZO mi clo) 236 Heim, R. & Herrera, T. (1961). Una nueva especie de Podocrea y una nueva combinacion el nombre de un hongo Mexicano del genero Battarreoides. An. Inst. Biol.) Mex. 322)°29-3:1; Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978). Methuen handbook of colour. London: Methuen. Kreisel, H. (1988). Taxonomisch-Pflanzengeographische Monographie der Gattung Bovista. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 25: 1-244. Liu, Be) &) baw Yi -HS 4983), Scanning, electron :;microscopy of basidiospores of Battarraea stevenii. Mycologia VD e OL = Ob. Lloyd, C.G. (1906). Tylostomeae. Mycological Writings 2: Se Zor. Lloyd, .CaG.., (1923)). ‘Battarrea Digqueti,.from) Ivan iM. Johnston, Collected:San Nicholas Bay, California. Mycological Writings’ )7'(3 }swLl74—1175). Miller, O.K. & Miller, H.H. (1988). Gasteromycetes. 25 Morphological and development features with keys to the orders, families and genera. Eureka: Mad River Press. Patouillard, M.M. & Hariot, P. (1896). Liste des champignons recolte en Basse-Californie par M. Diguet. Journal de Botanique 10: 250-251. Rea, P.M. (1942). Fungi of southern California. 1. Mycologia 34: 563-574. White, Vis. (1901). The Tylostomaceae of North America. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 28: 421-444. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 27-46 January-March 1994 TYPE STUDIES IN THE POLYPORACEAE 25 SPECIES DESCRIBED FROM JAPAN BY R. IMAZEKI AND A. YASUDA BY TSUTOMU HATTORI Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, PO. Box 16, Tsukuba Norin, Kenkyu, Danchi-Nai, Ibaraki, 305 Japan and LEIF RYVARDEN Department of Botany, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1045, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway ABSTRACT The types of 32 polypores described by R. Imazeki and A. Yasuda have been examined. 17 species are accepted while 15 are placed in synonymy with already described species. The following new combinations are proposed: Melanoporia castanea (Imaz.) Hatt.& Ryv., Antrodiella gypsea (Yas.) Hatt. & Ryv., Perenniporia japonica (Yas.) Hatt. & Ryv., Perenniporia minutissima (Yas.) Hatt. & Ryv. and Trichaptum parvulus (Yasuda) Hatt. & Ryv. INTRODUCTION The polypore flora of Japan is incompletely known and the latest comprehensive list is that of Ito (1955). However, numerous resupinate species were omitted while many species have later been reported from the country, see for example Aoshima & Kobayashi (1983) and Furukawa, Abe & Neda (1983). Further, the nomenclature in Ito's list is outdated, making it difficult to use the list. The flora of North American polypores (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986 & 1987) gave an updated checklist for the North American continent using the same nomenclature as in Europe (see Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993). These publications have made comparative studies much easier since the names used in the two areas now are in consensus, From Ito's list and more popular floras like those of Imazeki & Hongo (1965, 1989), it is evident that Japan has many polypores in common with both Europe and North America. Some of them have been named anew in Japan while others are cited with synonyms. Thus, we felt it necessary to make up a critical checklist for the polypores of Japan as a first preliminary step towards a complete flora. During the compilation of names of polypores recorded from Japan, it became clear that a number of types 28 ND000D 0 10 wm Nie Fig. 1. Melanoporia castanea A) section of basidiocarp, B) basidiospores, C) basidia, D) contextual generative hyphae, E) contextual skeletal hyphae. A,D and E from the type, B and C from TFM-F-15770. Ne) had to be examined to ascertain the status of a number of names which more or less had slept in oblivion since their publication. The results of these studies are published below to avoid excessive taxonomic discussions and descriptions in the forthcoming checklist. The two authors cited in the title are the only Japanese mycologists who have published new polypores from the main land of Japan. Bonin Island has a very distinct mycoflora being situated 1,000 km SE of Japanese main islands, and its polypores will be treated in a series of separate papers. Thus, we felt it natural to treat R. Imazeki and A. Yasuda species in one paper. C. G. Lloyd described many species from Japan based on collections from Yasuda. The results of studies on the types of these species have already been published in previous parts of this series. The reader is referred to Ryvarden (1991) for a complete list of previous type studies and a list of all species treated in the series up to 1991. In the following, species of both authors are listed alphabetically according to specific epithet. For each species the place of publication is given with the type locality and the herbarium in which the type is deposited. The herbaria are indicated with the abbreviations as given in Index Herbariorum, 7th edition. K. Aoshima proposed many names for new polypores from Japan. However, unfortunately he overlooked the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Thus, all his new names, mostly as nomina nuda, must be rejected as invalidly published for different reasons. If the species is accepted, it is cited in its proper genus with a reference to a modern description. If none exist, the species is described here. The basionyms and the accepted names are printed in bold face. LIST OF SPECIES albicans, Grifola Imaz., J. Jap. Bot. 19:386, 1943. Yabukawa, Iwate Pref., Japan, 29 Sep. 1938, leg. K. Ito (lectotype selected here, TNS-206974).= Grifola frondosa (Fr.) S.F.Gray The type specimen represents only a pale form of the widespread G. frondosa. Imazeki (1943) concluded that it is distinct with its very wide context hyphae, but such wide hyphae are also seen in many specimens of G. frondosa. calvatioides, Polyporus Imaz. J. Jap. Bot. 16:269, 1940. Summer, 1917, leg. J; Umemura (Type of Calvatia versispora Lloyd, BPI). = Laetiporus versisporus (Lloyd) Imaz. P. calvatioides was proposed as nomen novum (for use in the genus Polyporus) by Imazeki because the combination Polyporus versisporus Lloyd was an illegitimate homonym of Polyporus versisporus Pers. 1825. castanea, Fomitopsis Imaz., Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. St. Tokyo 42:1, 1949. Kitasaku, Nagano, Japan, 9 Oct. 1947, leg. R. Imazeki (type, TFM - F-346; isotype in TNS). =Melanoporia castanea (Imaz.) Hattori & Ryvarden comb. nov., basionym as 30 Fig. 2. A-C: Daedaleopsis conchiformis A) basidiocarps, B) section of basidiocarp, C) pores. From the type. D-I: Daedalea dickensii D) pores, C) basidiospores, F) basidia, G) contextual generative hyphae, H) contextual skeletal hyphae, 1) contextual binding hyphae. D, G-I from the lectotype; E and F from TFM-F-16200. 31 cited above. Basidiocarp sessile, occasionally resupinate, perennial; pileus triquetrous, ungulate or irregular, up to 30 cm long, up to 15 cm thick, margin thick and dull, pileus surface chestnut brown and velutinous in young specimens, almost black and glabrous in old specimens; tubes multizonate, purplish brown, pore surface dark umber to purplish brown, pores circular, 5-6 /mm; context fibrous-corky, purplish brown. Hyphal system dimitic, contextual generative hyphae hyaline, 1.5-4 um wide, with clamp connections; contextual skeletal hyphae olivaceous brown in KOH, 3-5.5 um wide, thick to almost solid, unbranched to occasionally branched; tramal generative hyphae hyaline to pale yellow, 1.5-3 um wide, with clamp connections; tramal skeletal hyphae olivaceous brown in KOH, almost straight, thick to almost solid, 3-5 uum wide; cystidia none. Type sterile, so following descriptions of basidia and basidiospores were made based on TFM-F-15770. Basidia clavate, 15-20 x 4.5-5 um, 4-sterigmate, with a basal clamp, basidiospores long ellipsoid, hyaline, IKI-, 4-5 x 1.8-2.5 um (Fig. 1). Remarks: This species is closely related to Melanoporia nigra (Berk.) Murr.(basionym Polyporus nigra Berk., K, BPI!) with its purplish brown context and brown rot. Thus, Imazeki & Hongo (1989) reduced it to a synonym of M. nigra. However, M. nigra has a consistently resupinate basidiocarp while M. castanea usually has a well developed pileus. Besides, the context hyphae of M. nigra are much wider than those of M. castanea. cercidiphyllum, Cryptoderma Imaz., Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. St. Tokyo 42:2,1949. Shibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan, 23 July 1941, leg. R. Imazeki (type, TNS-212095). = Phellinus conchatus (Pers.:Fr.) Pat. as already pointed out by Aoshima (1983). citrinum, Cryptoderma Imaz., Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 6:107, 1943. Tano-cho, Miyazaki, Japan, leg. T. Nukumizu (neotype selected here, TFM-F-2420). = Phellinus xeranticus (Berk.) Pegler, as already pointed out by Imazeki et al. (1966). For a detailed description of this species, see Pegler (1964) and Ryvarden & Johansen (1980). Coloured pictures are given in Imazeki & Hongo (1989) and Imazeki et al (1990). conchiformis, Daedaleopsis Imaz., Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 6:77, 1943. Accepted in the genus. Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, on Quercus serrata Thunb., May 1907, leg. A. Yasuda, (type in BPI as type of Trametes tricolor Lloyd, BPI-US0321332). Basidiocarp sessile; pileus dimidiate, applanate, imbricated, 2-6 cm long, 0.3-0.6 cm thick, margin thin and acute, deflexed; pileus surface cinnamon to chestnut brown, glabrous, subzonate, concentrically sulcate or not, radially ridged and partly rough; tubes pale brown, 1-4 mm deep; pore surface grayish brown, pores mostly regular and angular, partly elongated, (1-)2-3 /mm, dissepiments thin and becoming lacerate; context corky, pale brown, 1-2 mm thick. Hyphal system trimitic, contextual generative hyphae hyaline, thin walled, 2-3 um, with clamp-connections; contextual skeletal hyphae thick-walled, hyaline to pale yellow, unbranched to occasionally branched, 3-7.5 um wide in KOH (2.5-5 um wide in DDDDDODDOD D 10 um yon” Fig. 3. Antrodiella gypsea A) basidiocarps, B) section of basidiocarp, C) cystidia, D) basidiospores, E) basidia, F) contextual generative hyphae, G) contextual skeletal hyphae. From the lectotype. a3 Melzer's reagent); contextual binding hyphae thick-walled, hyaline to pale yellow, conspicuously branched, up to 5m wide in KOH; tramal hyphae as in context hyphae; basidia and basidiospores not seen in type material (Fig.2, A-C). Remarks: This species is closely related to D. confragosa, but has smaller pores and basidiocarps. Spores are not known from the type nor from other collections, but other microscopic characteristics are rather similar to those of D. confragosa. Cultural studies and mating tests are needed to decide whether they are distinct species or only a form of the same species. It was first named as Trametes tricolor Lloyd as it was taken as a trametoid form of Lenzites tricolor. As the combination Daedaleopsis tricolor was preoccupied by Daedaleopsis tricolor (Bull.:Fr.) Bond. & Sing., the name cited above was proposed by Imazeki. dickinsii, Daedalea Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:127, 1922. Sendai, Prov. Rikuzen (Miyagi Pref.), leg. A. Yasuda (lectotype, selected here, TNS-202243, isotype in TFM). Accepted in the genus. This is only a partly daedaleoid form of Trametes dickinsii Cke. as pointed out by Yasuda himself (1923). Ryvarden (1988) placed this species in synonymy with Daedalea incana (Lév.) Ryv. However, a comparison and a renewed examination of the type from the Paris herbarium (PC) has shown that D. incana has much smaller pores and a more brownish context. Thus, we concluded that D. dickensii is a distinct species. Trametes dickinsit Cke. (1891) has priority over D. dickinsii Yas. Yasuda (1922), but Cooke's name cannot be transferred to Daedalea, since the name is preoccupied by that of Yasuda. His name will then be the valid name as long as the species is placed in Daedalea. In all other combinations, the basionym must be that of Cooke. Basidiocarp sessile, annual to perennial, pileus dimidiate, applanate to triquetrous, up to 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm thick, margin usually dull; pilear surface pale ochraceous to pinkish buff, inner parts often brownish in old specimens, glabrous, smooth or with scattered nodulae or irregularly rough, concentrically sulcate or not; tubes up to 15 mm deep;, pores usually circular, partly elongated to daedaleoid, 1-2/mm, dissepiments thick and smooth; context tough corky, pinkish buff, up to 20 mm thick. Hyphal system trimitic; contextual generative hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, 1.5-3 um wide, with clamp-connections; contextual skeletal hyphae hyaline to pale brown, thick-walled to almost solid, unbranched to occasionally branched, 2.5-4.5 um wide; contextual binding hyphae moderately branched, up to 4.5 um wide; tramal hyphae as in context; type sterile, so following descriptions of basidia and basidiospores were made based on TFM-F-16200; basidia 18-25 x 4.5-6 um, 4-sterigmate, with a basal clamp; basidiospores cylindrical, hyaline, IKI~ 4-5.5 x 1.8-2.5 um (Fig.2, D-I). Remarks: The species is very common in temperate areas of Japan, most commonly on Fagus crenata and Quercus spp. Bakshi (1971) reported the species from Himalayas (specimens in DD examined), and Hjortstam & Ryvarden (1984), 34 10 um Fig. 4. A-D: Tyromyces incarnatus A) basidiospores, B) basidia, C) tramal generative hyphae, D) contextual generative hyphae. A and B from TFM-F-15116; Cs and D from the lectotype. E-H: Echinodontium japonicum E) basidiospores, F) cystidia, G) generative hyphae, H) skeletal hyphae. from the type. 35 Ryvarden et al. (1986) reported this from Nepal and China respectively under the name of D. incana. It is probably widespread in temperate areas of eastern Asia. There is no doubt that D. dickinsii is closely related to the widespread Daedalea quercina Fr., separated only by the smaller and more regular pores. Comparative cultural studies and interfertility tests are desirable to ascertain their interrelationship. gypseus, Polystictus Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32:249, 1918. Sendai, Rikuzen (Miyagi), Japan, 26 May 1912, leg. A. Yasuda ( lectotype, selected here, TNS-201855, isotype in TFM). = Antrodiella gypsea (Yasuda) Hattori & Ryvarden comb. nov., basionym as cited above. Basidiocarp sessile, effused-reflexed or occasionally fully resupinate, annual, very light in weight; pilei dimidiate or laterally fused and elongated, imbricated or single, up to 2 cm long and 1 cm wide in single pilei, up to 3 mm thick, margin usually acute; pilear surface pubescent, radially sulcate or not, white; tubes white, up to 1.5 mm deep; pore surface white, pores angular, 5-6/mm; context soft-fibrous, white, up to 2 mm thick. Hyphal system dimitic; contextual generative hyphae hyaline, thin to slightly thick- walled, 1.5-2 um wide, with clamp-connections, contextual skeletal hyphae hyaline, thick walled, almost straight, 2-3 tum wide; tramal generative hyphae hyaline, 1.5-2 uum wide, with clamp-connections; tramal skeletal hyphae hyaline, thick to almost solid, 2-2.5 um wide; cystidia scattered, acute, thin to slightly thick-walled at the tip, encrusted at the tip or not; hyphal pegs abundant; basidia ellipsoid, 4-sterigmate, 6-9 x 3-4,.2 tum; basidiospores long ellipsoid, hyaline, IKI, thin walled, 2.2-3 x 1.0-1.5 um (Fig.3). Remarks. The dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, small spores, a fleshy consistency, and a white rot, make this a typical member of Antrodiella. It is common in Japan on coniferous trees including species of Abies, Chamaecyparis and Cryptomeria. A. gypsea is similar to Oxyporus cuneatus (Murr.) Aosh. with the same white and soft-fibrous basidiocarp and host range, but the latter species has larger pores, and the hyphal characteristics are very different. hispida, Protodaedalea Imaz., Rev. Mycol. 20:159, 1955. Oomiya-guti, Mt. Fuji, 4 Aug. 1954, leg. Toki (lectotype, selected here in TNS, isotype in TFM). = Accepted in the genus. For a detailed description of this interesting poroid heterobasidiomycete, see Bandoni et al. (1981). incarnatus, Tyromyces Imaz., Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. Tokyo 67: 31, 1954. Asakawa, Tokyo, Japan, on rotten wood of Abies firma Sieb. & Zucc., 30 July 1938, leg. R. Imazeki (lectotype selected here, TNS; isotype in TFM). = Tyromyces incarnatus Imaz. Basidiocarp sessile, annual; pileus spatulate, flabelliform to dimidiate, applanate, up 36 to 10 cm long, 1 cm thick, margin thin and acute; upper surface pink, rose to reddish orange, drying darker, glabrous, smooth to somewhat nodulose; tubes up to 5 mm deep, pinkish white; pore surface pinkish, pores circular, 3-4/mm, dissepiments thin; context sappy when fresh, drying rigid, up to 7 mm thick. Hyphal system monomitic; contextual generative hyphae hyaline, thin to slightly thick walled and with clamps, 2.5-6 [um wide, tramal generative hyphae hyaline, thin- or thick-walled to almost solid, 2-5 tum wide; cystidia none. Type sterile and contaminated, and the following descriptions of basidia and basidiospores were made based on TFM-F-15116; basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate, with a basal clamp, 12-16 x 4.5-5.5 um; basidiospores hyaline, IKI-, thin walled, 4-5 x 1.5-2.5 um (Fig.4, A-D). Remarks: The species is remarkable by its reddish basidiocarp and host range (always on conifers) within the genus Tyromyces. Macroscopically the species remind about Leptoporus mollis (Pers.:Fr.) Quél. which however has simple septate hyphae. japonica, Trametes Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32:356, 1918. Sumoto, Awaji, Japan, 17 Mar. 1918, leg. J. Matsuzawa. (lectotype, selected here, BPI -US0320326) = Perenniporia japonica (Yasuda) Hattori & Ryvarden comb. nov., basionym as cited above. q : This is a prior name for Perenniporia fulviseda (Bres.) Dhanda (Basionym: Poria fulviseda Bres., BPI!). For a detailed description of this characteristic species, see Keller (1986) as P. fulviseda. Besides central Europe, it is also known from the Himalayas (Thind & Dhanda 1981), specimen in BPI examined). japonicum, Echinodontium Imaz. J. Jap. Bot. 11:520, 1935. Hana-yama, Nara, Japan, 11 May 1933, leg. R. Imazeki, on Quercus glauca Thunb. (type TNS-200301, isotype in TFM). = Accepted in the genus. The species is described in Gross monograph of the genus (Gross 1964) where clearly points to the close relationship to the East American species E. ballouii (Banker) Gross. Never the less, to draw the attention to this rare species it is redescribed here. Basidiocarp effused-reflexed to almost resupinate, perennial; pileus irregular to lacking, up to 4 mm wide; pilear surface almost black, crustaceous, glabrous, smooth to slightly rough; hymenophore spiny, spines sordid white to pale buff, rigid, up to 10 mm long, up to 0.5 mm in diameter, often flattened or forked; context woody hard, cinnamon, up to 1 mm thick, with black shiny crust next to substrate. Hyphal system dimitic; contextual generative hyphae thin to slightly thick-walled, hyaline to pale yellow, simple septate with some scattered clamps, 2-4 um wide; contextual skeletal hyphae thick walled, pale brown, occasionally encrusted at the tip, 3-6 um wide; tramal hyphae as in context hyphae; cystidia abundant, thick-walled, pale brown, apically encrusted, mostly imbedded in the trama, 30-50 x 7.5-10.5 um; basidia not seen; basidiospores ellipsoid, finely echinulate, hyaline, strongly amyloid in Melzer's reagent, 5.5-7.5 x 3.2-4.5 um (Fig.4, E-G). See, also Imazeki (1935). of Remarks: E. japonicum is a very rare species in Japan and restricted to species of Quercus. kanehirae, Polyporus Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35:205, 1921. Mt.Yura, Taiwan, 3 Apr. 1918, leg. R. Kanehira. (type TNS-201566, isotype in TFM) = Phellinus kanehirae (Yasuda) Ryv. This species is apparently related to Phellinus nilgheriensis (Mont.) Ryv. (Basionym Polyporus nilgheriensis Mont., cotype in K selected here as lectotype). The only distinction between them is the occurrence of setae which are abundant in P. kanehirae and extremely sparse in P. nilgheriensis. Thus, it is a possibility that they represent forms of the same species. For a detailed description of P. kanehirae, see Ryvarden (1990). kiyosumiensis, Fomitopsis Imaz. & Sasaki nom. nud. in S. Ito, Mycol. Flora of Japan Vol.2 No.4, 1955. = Perenniporia latissima (Bres.) Ryv. as already indicated by Imazeki & Hongo (1965). komatsuzakii, Polyporus Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31:329, 1917. Isozaki, Iyo, Japan, 10 Dec. 1916, leg. M. Komatsuzaki. (lectotype, selected here, TNS-201420) =Piptoporus soloniensis (Dub.:Fr.) Pilat. The type is sterile but spore measurements given by Yasuda are those of P. soloniensis, and they have the same hyphal system. The context of the type is extremely fragile and grayish compared with P. soloniensis. For the time being, we prefer to leave it as a synonym of that species. kusanoana, Trametes Imaz. Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 6:73, 1943. Bot. Gdn. Tokyo, Japan, 1901, leg. S. Kusano (type of Daedalea kusanoi, Murr., NY). = Lenzites vespacea (Pers.) Ryv. The name cited above was proposed by Imazeki as nomen novum for Daedalea kusanoi Murr. as the combination "Trametes kusanoi" was preoccupied by Trametes kusanoi (Murr.) Sacc. & Trott. (basionym Coriolellus kusanoi Murr.). minutissima, Trametes Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 34:29, 1920. Fujishiro, Ibaraki, Japan, 1 Oct. 1919, leg. Y. Irie. (Neotype selected here, TNS-202074) = Perenniporia minutissima (Yasuda) Hattori & Ryvarden comb.nov., basionym as cited above. Basidiocarp sessile, single, annual; pileus dimidiate, triquetrous to applanate, 75 x 60 mm in type specimen (up to 10 cm long and 2 cm thick in other specimens in fresh condition), margin thick and dull; pilear surface reddish brown, almost white near margin, glabrous, irregularly rough to almost smooth; tubes white, 5 mm deep in type; pore surface white, pores circular, 3-5/mm; context white, woody hard when dry (waxy and fragile with abundant semitransparent spots in fresh condition), up to 8 mm thick in type. Hyphal system di-trimitic; contextual generative hyphae hyaline, thin to slightly thick-walled, with clamp-connections, 2-3.5 tum wide; contextual skeletal-binding 38 Fig. 5. Perenniporia minutissima A) basidiocarps, B) section of basidiocarp, C) basidiospores, D) basidia, E) contextual generative hyphae, F) contextual skeletal- binding hyphae. from the neotype. 39 hyphae hyaline, dextrinoid in mass, thick-walled, 2.5-5 um wide; tramal hyphae agglutinated; cystidia none; basidia 4-sterigmate, with a basal clamp, 20-30 x 9-12.5 uum; basidiospores ellipsoid, truncate at the apex, thick walled, hyaline, dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent, 10-13 x 6-7.5 um (Fig.5). This species is remarkable within the genus Perenniporia by its waxy consistency of the context in fresh condition. Most collections seen so far have been made on Symplocos spp. Some specimens were also collected on Pinus densiflora. Microscopically the species comes close to P. ochroleuca (Berk.) Ryv. which however has rather small triquetrous perennial basidiocarps with a pale ochraceous upper side.neo-japonicum, Ganoderma Imaz., Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 1:37, 1939. Mt.Takao, Tokyo, Japan, Aug. 1935, leg. Y. Kobayasi (type, TNS- 200762). This species is a member of the Ganoderma lucidum complex. For the time being, we prefer to keep it separate as Ganoderma neo- japonicum maz. Basidiocarp laterally or occasionally centrally stipitate, annual; pileus reniform to dimidiate, applanate, margin thin and deflexed, 3-11 x 4-11 cm; pilear surface almost black, glabrous, laccate and shiny, radially ridged; tubes dark cinnamon, 0.2-1 cm deep; pore surface sordid white to cinnamon, pores angular to circular, 4-5/mm; context cream white near pilear surface, dark cinnamon near tubes, fibrous-corky, up to 7 mm thick; stipe erect, 9 cm long in type material (up to 27 cm long in other specimens), stipe surface black and laccate. Hyphal system di-trimitic; contextual generative hyphae not seen in the type; context skeletal-binding hyphae pale yellow to brown, rarely to conspicuously branched, up to 7.5 um wide; tramal hyphae as in context; basidia not seen; basidiospores ellipsoid, truncate at the apex, pale brown, wall two-layered with inter-wall pillars between the layers, (8.5-)9.5-13 x 6-8 um. The species is remarkable with its slender long spores, a black shiny basidiocarp, slender stipe and host range (always on coniferous trees). Coloured pictures are given in Imazeki & Hongo (1989) and Imazeki et al (1988). nipponica, Daedaleopsis Imaz., Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 6:78, 1943. Nikko, Tochigi, Japan, 7 Nov. 1938, leg. R. Imazeki (type, TNS - 208958). = Daedaleopsis purpurea (Cke.) Imaz. & Aosh. as already indicated by Imazeki et al. (1966) where also a detailed description can be found. In Japan, D. purpurea is common on hardwood especially on Prunus spp. The species is characterized by its regular pores and a multizonate, red to bay pileus surface. The latter character is shared with D. tricolor and D. styracina (P.Henn. & Shir.) Imaz. which however have lamellae, and lamellae or large irregular pores respectively. nipponicus, Polystictus Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 30:297, 1916. Mt.Akagi, Kotsuke, Japan, 28 Sep. 1915, coll. K. Tsunoda (lectotype, selected here, TNS-201758, isotype in TFM). = Trametes spp. The type is thin, flabelliform and sterile and in general in bad condition. No reliable conclusion can be reached as to its true identity and the name should be dropped from consideration as a nomen ambigum. Fig. 6 Trichaptum parvulus A) section of basidiocarp, B) section of hymenium with cystidia, C) cystidia, D) basidiospores. From the type. 41 orientalis, Polystictus Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32:135, 1918. Sendai, Japan, 15 Sep. 1912, leg. A. Yasuda (lectotype, selected here, TNS-201876). = Trametes cfr. lactinea Berk. Specimens called Trametes orientalis (Yasuda) Imaz. in Japan have often a grayish and glabrous pileus, different from the white to pale leather coloucsed pileus of T. lactinea, a species which is fairly widespread in Japan. Cultural studies are necessaryto verify if this is only a form of T. lactinea. parvulus, Irpex Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35:254, 1922. Sendai, Japan, 1 Oct. 1916, leg. A. Yasuda (lectotype, selected here, TNS-203047, isotype in TFM). (Fig.6). = Trichaptum parvulus (Yasuda) Hattori & Ryvarden comb. nov. Basionym as cited above. Basidiocarp annual, resupinate, adnate but margin slightly lifted in dry condition, margin narrow to lacking; hymenophore ochraceous to pale brown with a distinct pale pink hue, irpicoid to hydnoid and crowded with flattened spines, 2-3 per mm, up to 1 mm long, subiculum 0.3 mm thick, dense and cartilaginous as the spines in dry condition. Hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae hyaline, with clamps, 2-4 um wide, skeletal hyphae dominating in the basidiocarp, hyaline, thick-walled to solid, 3-6 um wide, hymenial cystidia very abundant, ventricose to cylindrical, thick-walled and most of them with an apical encrustation, 10-15 x 4-6 lim; present also in the hymenium are skeletal cystidia arising deep in the central part of the spine as skeletal hyphae and bending into the hymenium as cystidia, often with apical encrustation; basidia not seen, spores hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, negative in Melzer's reagent, ellipsoid, 6-7 x 3 um. Type of rot unknown, on hardwoods, the type was collected on Lespedezia burgeri Mich. (Fabaceae). Besides the type, also the following collection was examined: Japan, Chiba Prefecture, Kiyosumi Forest Sta, Tokyo University Forest. 24. August 1983. L. Ryvarden 20866 (O and TKB). Maas Geesteranus (1974:493) has commented upon the status of this species and pointed out the resemblance to Steccherinum although he felt the structure and shape of the spines excluded the species from that genus. We feel that the species belongs in Trichaptum because of the irregular hymenophore, also seen in T. fuscoviolaceus, the cartilaginous consistency which is so typical for many Trichaptum species and numerous small ventricose to clavate apically encrusted cystidia, a feature seen in many Trichaptum species. The spores come close to those of T. byssogenus, but are slender and basidiocarps of that species normally are poroid and pileate and when resupinate, are pale umber brown, and have much larger pores which however may split. its configuration is thus grossly different from the species discussed here. purpureus, Irpex Yasuda ex Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 5:715, 1917. Mt.Iwaya, Iyo, Japan, 19 Oct. 1916, leg. M. Komatsuzaki (lectotype selected here, BPI -USO325519). = Australohydnum dregeanum (Berk.) Hjorts. & Ryv. (basionym Corticium 42 Fig. 7. Ganoderma tsunodae A) basidiocarp, B) section of basidiocarp, C) basidiospores, D) contextual vegetative hyphae. From the lectotype. 43 dregeanum Berk., K!). For a detailed description of this species, see Hjortstam & Ryvarden (1990).pusilla, Coltricia Imaz. & Ysk. Kobayashi, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 7:42, 1966. Kiyomizu, Kyoto, Japan, 18 Aug. 1991, leg. T. Hattori, (neotype, selected here TNS, isotype in TFM, O). = Coltriciella pusilla (Imaz. & Ysk. Kobay.) Corner This species is remarkable by its spatulate and laterally stipitate basidiocarp. For a detailed description, see Imazeki & Kobayashi (1966). A coloured picture is provided in Imazeki & Hongo (1989). It should be noted that the macroscopical characters of this species are identical with those of the C. dependens (Berk. & Curt.) Murr., which however, has a pendent basidiocarp. Cultural studies are desirable to ascertain their status. Morphologically we are convinced that they represent two independent species as no intermediate forms have ever been collected. Further, the upper surface of C. dependens is velutinous and usually with hairs on stipe in fresh condition, while it is glabrous and shiny in C. pusilla. The context in C. dependens is fibrous-spongy and very light in weight in dried condition while it is leathery in C. pusilla as for example in Coltricia cinnamomea. sciurinus, Inonotus Imaz., Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 6:106, 1943. Nikko, Totigi, Japan, 7 Nov. 1938, leg. R. Imazeki (type TNS- 206965, isotype in TFM). = Inonotus flavidus (Berk.) Ryv. (basionym Polyporus flavidus Berk., K!). The species is characterized by a thin black line in the duplex context, a thick tomentum, small cylindrical spores and presence of scattered hymenial setae. Besides Japan, it is widespread in the Himalayas. sendaiensis, Polyporus Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 37:101. 1923. Sendai, Japan, 21 Sep. 1913, leg. A. Yasuda (type TNS, isotype in TFM). = Pyrroderma sendaiense (Yasuda) Imazeki, For a detailed description, see Imazeki (1966) and Ryvarden (1991) with a key to accepted species in the genus. sendaiensis, Trametes Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:21, 1922. Sendai, Rikuzen (Miyagi), Japan, 11 Aug. 1921, leg. A. Yasuda (lectotype, selected here, TNS, isotype in TFM). = Datronia stereoides (Fr.) Ryv. symploci, Trametes Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 37:84, 1923. Bessho, Yahara, Prov. Hitachi (Ibaraki pref.) Japan, 17 Oct. 1918, leg. Y. Irie (lectotype, selected here, TNS) As already pointed out by Yasuda himself in the original description (1923), this name is a later synonym of Perenniporia minutissima (Yasuda) Hatt. & Ryv. subumbraculum, Ganoderma Imaz. Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 1:38, 1939. Hane-yama, Koti, Japan, Sep. 1908, leg. K. Ogawa (holotype, TNS- 206977). The species is apparently a member. of the Ganoderma lucidum complex. This complex is in a taxonomic chaotic state, and thus, for the time being, we leave the species under A4 Imazeki's name. The species is known only from the type. The most striking character are the centrally stipitate basidiocarp, the light- coloured context with 3 layers, and the light weight in dried state. Fig. 7. tabacinoides, Irpex Yasuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 34:96, 1920. Prov. Harima, Kashima-mura, Ibo-gori, 2 Aug. 1918, on Pasania cuspidata (Thunb.) Oerst. (= Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky), leg. U. Ouye (Lectotype selected by Ryvarden (1982), TNS -204262). = Hydnochaete tabacinoides (Yasuda) Imaz. For a detailed description, see Ryvarden (1982). tsunodae, Polyporus Yasuda ex Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 5:792. Ikeda, Kozuke, Japan, 8 July 1917, leg. K. Tsunoda, (lectotype selected here, BPI -US0307263). = Ganoderma tsunodae (Yasuda ex Lloyd) Trott. Basidiocarp sessile, single, annual; pileus dimidiate, flabelliform to spatulate, applanate, 3-12 cm long, 3-6.5 cm wide, 1.5-3 cm thick; pilear surface dark cinnamon to ochraceous, coarse, glabrous; tubes sordid white, up to 15 mm deep; pore surface white, pores round to angular, 4-5/mm; context white, fibrous-corky and very rigid when dry (watery-fibrous when fresh). Hyphal system di-trimitic; contextual generative hyphae not seen in the type; contextual skeletal-binding hyphae hyaline, thick-walled to almost solid, occasionally to conspicuously branched; tramal hyphae as in context; basidia not seen; basidiospores ellipsoid to truncate, pale yellow, wall two layered with interwall pillars, 20-24 x 14-16.5 um (Fig.8). This species is remarkable in Ganodermataceae with its white, watery context and large and yellow spores. Macroscopically it reminds remarkably about G. colossus (Fr.) Baker, which however has smaller spores (14-19 x 8-12 [1m). Imazeki (1939) proposed Trachyderma for G. tsunodae. However, the generic name is illegitimate as a homonym of Trachyderma Norm. 1853 as pointed out by Ryvarden (1991). On the other hand, G. colossus is the type species of Thomophagus Murr. 1905. Thus, should it ever be desirable to place these two species in a genus of its own due to their loose and soft consistency, the latter name is available. yamanoi, Cryptoderma Imaz., Forsch. Geb. Pflanzenkrankh. 4:176, 1951. Iburi, Lakeside of Sikotu, on Picea jezoensis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Carrié, 10 Sep. 1948, leg. R. Imazeki (type, TFM-F-1134, isotype in TNS). = Phellinus pini (Fr.) Quél., as already pointed out by Imazeki & Hongo (1989). Cerny (1985) concluded that Phellinus vorax (Hark.) Cerny is distinct from P. pini with a different ecological niche and morphology. If P. vorax is accepted as an independent species, C. yamanoi is a synonym of this species. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are most grateful to Professor R.L. Gilbertson for a critical review of the manuscript. Dr. Y. Doi, National Science Museum, kindly deposited some type 45 materials to Herbarium of For. & For. Prod. Res. Inst. (TFM). The curators of following herbaria are greatly appreciated for the loan of type materials and other specimens: National Science Museum (TNS), U. S. National Fungus Collections (BPI), New York Botanic Garden (NY), Royal Botanic Gardens (K), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (PC), Forest Research Institute, India (DD). T. H. is also grateful for Dr. R. L. Gilbertson, Univ. Arizona, for the loan of a recent collection of Melanoporia nigra. REFERENCES Aoshima, K. & Kobayashi, T. 1983: Wood-rotting fungi found in living Populus and Salix in Japan. Trans. 94th Mtgs. Jpn. For. Soc.: 545-546 (in Japanese). Bakshi, B. K. 1971: Indian Polyporaceae, 244 pp, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. Bandoni, R., Oberwinkler, F. & Wells, K. 1982: On the poroid genera of the Tremellaceae. Can. J. Bot. 60:998-1003. Cerny, A. 1985: Taxonomic study in the Phellinus pini complex. Ceska Mykol. 39:71-84. Furukawa, H., Abe, Y. & Neda, H. 1983: List of fungi of Mt. Fujii. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 24:235-245. Gilbertson, R. L. & Ryvarden, L. 1986 & 1987: North American Polypores Vol. 1 & 2, 885 pp, Fungiflora, Oslo. Gross, H. L. 1964: The Echinodontiaceae. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 24:1-26. Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L. 1984: Some new and noteworthy Basidiomycetes Aphyllophorales) from Nepal, Mycotaxon 20:133-151. Imazeki, R. 1935: Studies on Echinodontium Ellis et Everhart, J. Jap. Bot. 11:514-521 in Japanese with English descriptions). Imazeki, R. 1943: The genus Grifola S.F.Gray. Polyporaceae of Eastern Asia I, J. Jap. Bot. 19:381-390 (in Japanese). Imazeki, R. 1966: The genus Pyrrhoderma Imazeki, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 7:3-11. Imazeki, R. & Hongo, T. 1965: Colored illustrations of fungi of Japan, Vol.2, 149 pp, Hoikusha, Osaka (in Japanese). Imazeki, R. & Hongo, T. 1989: Colored illustrations of mushrooms of Japan, Vol. 2, 315 pp, Hoikusha, Osaka (in Japanese). Imazeki, R. & Kobayashi, Y. 1966: Notes on the genus Coltricia S.F.Gray, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 7:42-44. Imazeki, R., Kobayasi, Y. & Aoshima, K. 1966: Fungi, in The flora of eastern Himalaya, pp 611-626, Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo. Imazeki, R., Otani, Y.,& Hongo, T. 1988: Fungi of Japan, 623 pp, Yamakei, Tokyo (in Japanese). Ito, S. 1955: Mycological Flora of Japan Vol.2, No.4 450 pp, Yokendo, Tokyo (in Japanese). Keller, J. 1986: Ultrastructure des Parois Sporiques de Quelques Aphyllophorales, Mycol. Helvetica 2:1 -34. 46 Maas Geesteranus, R.A. 1974: Studies in the genera Irpex and Steccherinum. Persoonia 7:443-581. Pegler, D. N. 1964: A survey of the genus Jnonotus (Polyporaceae, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 47:175-195. Ryvarden, L. 1982: The genus Hydnochaete Bres. (Hymenochaetaceae, Mycotaxon 15:425-447. Ryvarden, L. 1988: Type studies in the Polyporaceae 19. Species described by M. C. Cooke. Mycotaxon 33:303-327. Ryvarden, L. 1990: Type studies in the Polyporaceae 22. Species described by C.G Lloyd in Polyporus , Mycotaxon 38:83-102. Ryvarden, L. 1991: Genera of polypores, nomenclature and taxonomy, Syn. Fung. 5:1-363, Fungiflora, Oslo. Ryvarden, L. & Gilbertson, R. L. 1993: European Polypores, part 1. Synop. Fung. 6:1-387. Fungiflora, Oslo. Ryvarden, L. & I. Johansen 1980: A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa, 636 pp, Fungiflora, Oslo. Ryvarden, L., Xu Liang-Wang, & Zhao Ji-Ding 1984: A note of the Polyporaceae in the Chang Bai Shan Forest Reserve in Northern China, Acta Mycol. Sin. 5:226-234. Thind, K.S. & Dhanda, R. S. 1980: The Polyporaceae of India XIII. Indian Phytopatol. 33:380-387. Yasuda, A. 1923: Zwei neue Arten von Trametes, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 37:83 -85. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 47-59 January-March 1994 THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS RINODINA (LICHENIZED ASCOMYCETES, PHYSCIACEAE) CONTAINING PANNARIN IN EURASIA WITH A SPECIAL NOTE ON THE TAXONOMY OF RINODINA GRANULANS Mireia GIRALT’, Helmut MAYRHOFER™ and Walter OBERMAYER~ “Department of Plant Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08071 BARCELONA, Spain. Institut far Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 GRAZ, Austria ABSTRACT: Six species of the genus Rinodina with thalli and/or discs PD+ orange due to the presence of pannarin are hitherto recognized in Eurasia. One is saxicolous, R. santorinensis, and five are corticolous, R. dalmatica, R. efflorescens, R. excrescens, R. granulans and RA. pruinella. Notes on the taxonomy of A. granulans are provided. Descriptions and illustrations of this species and the also poorly understood A. excrescens are included. A key to the treated species is given. Other known species containing pannarin are briefly discussed. INTRODUCTION The treated species are specially characterized by the content of pannarin. This lichen substance is usually concentrated in the thallus, in the thalline exciple and/or in the epihymenium which appear entirely interspersed with irregularly shaped and sized crystals. These crystals are clearly visible under polarizing light and dissolve after treatment with PD forming reddish-orange acicular crystals. Depending on several characters the treated species can be included in four different groups: Rinodina efflorescens, R. excrescens and R. granulans are very closely related. They have in common the following characters: (1) pannarin as a principle lichen substance concentrated in the thallus, the thalline exciple and the epihymenium; (2) a well developed thallus, composed of scattered to 48 contiguous areolae, appearing as minute flattened squamules which dissolve into soredia or blastidia; (3) an epihymenium with a granular and PD+ orange epipsamma (pannarin); (4) thalline exciple reacting 1+ blue (5) asci of the Lecanora-type (HONEGGER 1978) and (6) ascospores of the Physcia-type with tendencies to the Milvina-type. Rinodina dalmatica is separated from the first group only because of the Pachysporaria-type ascospores. Rinodina pruinella differs from the species cited above in the following characters: (1) pannarin located only in the epihymenium. Atranorin constitutes the principle lichen substance; (2) thallus not composed of areolae and not developing vegetative propagules; (3) thalline exciple I- and (4) ascospores of the Dirinaria-type. Lastly, Rinodina santorinensis s. \at. is distinguished by: (1) pannarin present only in the thallus and the thalline margin; (2) epihymenium PD-, without epipsamma and (8) habitat saxicolous and usually parasitic. According to SHEARD (in lit.), the literature checked and our own investigations, other species hitherto described possessing pannarin but not present in the study area are: the saxicolous Rinodina murrayii H. MAYRHOFER, from Australasia, and the corticolous R. adirondackii H. MAGN., R. granuligera H. MAGN., AR. marysvillensis H. MAGN. and RA. thujae (H. MAGN.) SHEARD, all from North America. Complete descriptions of these species are given by MAYRHOFER (1983) and MAGNUSSON (1932, 1947b and 1953). R. murrayii belongs to the same group that R. excrescens, R. granulans and R. efflorescens, but the thallus does not develop vegetative diaspores and is saxicolous. AR. adirondackii, like R. dalmatica, is separated by its Pachysporaria-ascospores, but its thallus does not develop vegetative propagules. R. granuligera and R. marysvillensis are closely related to R. pruinella but their ascospores belong to the Physcia-type. We cannot exclude the possibility that other pannarin containing species may exist because the PD reaction was often not checked by other authors. The terminology employed for the vegetative propagules follows that of POELT (1980), HAWKSWORTH et al. (1983) and Fox & PURVis (1992), for the ascospores MAYRHOFER (1982) and SCHEIDEGGER (1993) and for the asci HONEGGER (1978). For the identification of lichen substances the standardized methods for thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used (e.g. CULBERSON & AMMANN 1979). KEY TO THE SPECIES ta Saxicolous. 2 1b Corticolous or lignicolous. 3 2a Epihymenium PD-. Ascospores Pachysporaria-type with tendencies to Physcia-type, 14-22 x 7-14 um. Thallus parasitic or seldom autotrophic. Macaronesia and mediterranean region. R. santorinensis 2b Epihymenium PD+ orange. Ascospores Physcia-type, 16-22 x 10-13 um. Thallus always autotrophic. Australasia. (R. murrayii ) 49 3a _ Thallus lacking of vegetative propagules, PD+ faint yellow. Ascospores Dirinaria-type, 15-25 x 7-13 pum. Maritime, southem mediterranean- atlantic. R. pruinella 3b Thallus sorediate or blastidiate, PD+ orange. Ascospores different. 4 4a _ Thallus sorediate. Soralia discrete, never forming a continuous leprose crust. Ascospores Physcia-type, 15-20 x 7-10 um. Oceanic, boreal and suboreal. R. efflorescens 4b Thallus blastidiate. Blastidia forming a more or less continuous granulose-isidiose or leprose crust. 5 5a_Blastidia large, up to 60-80(-100) um diam., forming a granulose-isidiose crust (appearing subSquamulose). Ascospores Physciatype, 14-21 x 7,5- 11 um. Boreal, subboreal and mediterranean R. excrescens 5b Blastidia small, up to 30 um diam, forming a continuous leprose crust. 6 6a Ascospores Pachysporaria-type, when young with polygonal lumina, 17- 26 x 8-13 um. Maritime, mediterranean-atlantic. AR. dalmatica 6b Ascospores Physcia-type, when young never with polygonal lumina, 18- 25 x 10-14 um. Siberia. R. granulans THE SPECIES 1) RINODINA DALMATICA ZAHLBR. Osterr. Bot. Z. 51: 348 (1901); BOULY DE LESDAIN (1909: 170); HARMAND (1913: 902); MAGNUSSON (1947a: 313); GIRALT et al. (in prep.). Type: Croatia: Dalmatia, "in peninsula Lapad prope Ragusa", 100 m, on Pinus halepensis, J. BAUMGARTNER (GZU, W, WU-isotypes). Exs.: ZAHLBRUCKNER: Lich. rar. exs. 39 (GZU, W, WU). Rinodina dalmatica is distinguished by the entirely blastidiate thallus forming a continuous leprose crust and the Pachysporaria-type ascospores, when young with typical polygonal lumina. It is unique amongst Rinodina species in having the latter feature. Selected specimens examined: CROATIA: Dalmatia: Ragusa, Mte. Petka, 150 m, on Pinus halepensis, A. LATZEL (W). - GREECE: Korfu: Kerkyra, NW Ipsos, on Olea, 16-17.8.1970, J. POELT (GZU). - Peloponnes: Elis, Olympia, on Pinus halepensis, 14.4.1971, J. POELT (GZU). - ITALY: Latium: Roma, Tenuta di Caccia di Castel Porziano, SW Roma, 0-20 m, 8.5.1986, J. POELT (GZU). - PORTUGAL: Algarve: Sierra de Monchique, Caldas, Vale do Paraiso, on Olea europaea, 24.2.1946, C.N. TAVARES & L. SOBRINO (LISU). - Estremadura: Setubal, Mata do Reboredo, on Pinus halepensis, 14.5.1944, C.N. TAVARES (LISU). 50 2) RINODINA EFFLORESCENS MALME Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 21: 251 (1927); MAGNUSSON (1947a: 229); HARRIS (1977: 129, as Rinodina sp. 1, according to SHEARD in lit.); COPPINS & JAMES (1979: 175); WITTMANN & TURK (1987: 394); DIEDERICH (1989: 204); ETAYO (1992: 192); Fox & PURVIS (1992: 548); TONSBERG (1992: 286); WIRTH (1990: 328); WONG & BRODO (1990: 364, 1992: 70); GIRALT et al. (1993: in press.). Type: Sweden: Vastergotland, Habo, St. Karr, on old Fagus in a shady place, 1923, G.O. MALME (S - not seen). Syn.: Rinodina hueiana (HARM.) OLIV., Bull. Acad. Internat. Geogr. Bot. 15: 211 (1905). - Lecanora hueiana HARM., Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, ser. 2, 15: 195 (1898); HARMAND (1913: 883). - non Rinodina hueana VAIN., Hedwigia 37: 38 (1898). - Type: France: Vosges, "en montant au Ballon d'Alsace depuis Saint Maurice, sur un Bouleau, parasite sur le thalle vieux du Parmelia saxatilis", HARMAND (ANGUC - not seen). Discussion: The incorrectly spelled epithet hueiana [see recommendation 73C(c) of the |.C.B.N.] is only an orthographic variant of hueana and the combination Rinodina hueiana proposed by OLIVIER (loc. cit.) is a latter homonym of Rinodina hueana VAIN. DIEDERICH (1989) already listed R. hueiana as a synonym of R. efflorescens. WIRTH (1990) placed A. efflorescens in the synonymy of AR. hueiana without further comments. Because of the mentioned criteria R. efflorescens is the correct name of this species. Exs.: Lich. sel. exs. Upsalienses 71 (GZU). The discrete soralia are diagnostic of R. efflorescens. Selected specimens examined: AUSTRIA: Steiermark: Nordliche Kalkalpen, ca. 3 km W of GroBreifling, ca. 640 m, on Acer sp., 26.10.1990, J. POELT, J. HAFELLNER & E. LOPEZ DE SILANES (GZU). - BRITISH ISLES: Isle of Wight: Bortheood Copse, on Quercus, November 1977, F. Rose (BM). - Main Argyll: Seil, Ballachuan, Port Mor, on Sorbus aria, 5.8.1980, P.W. JAMES (BM). - East Sussex: Eridge Old Park, on old oak, June 1968, F. Rose & P.W. JAMES (BM). - FRANCE: South-Voges: Steinbach, Cernay, ca. 700 m, on Quercus petraea, 27.10.1968, V. WIRTH (STU). - GERMANY: Warttemberg: Neckar, Leonberg, Warmbronn, Stdckach, 440 m, 16.10.1988, V. WIRTH (STU). Baden, Sudschwarzwald, Schdnau, 600 m, 30.9.1971, V. WIRTH (STU). - SPAIN: Navarra: Belabarce, 1100 m, on Fagus sylvatica, 25.7.1987, J. ETAYO 3313 (Etayo). 3) RINODINA EXCRESCENS VAIN. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 27: 84 (1928); MAGNUSSON (1947a: 237); GIRALT et al. (1993: 711). Type: Siberia :"Sibiria Occidentali, Konda, ad lignum putridum in pineto prope Leunsk", 1880, E. VAINIO (TUR-V 08798-holotype). 51 Thallus (Figs. 1c; 2a,b) crustaceous composed of scattered to contiguous areolae. Areolae light grey to grey brown, plane to bullate, 0,1-0,5 mm diam., with the appearance of minute sublobate squamules, becoming more or less confluent, mostly developing ascending blastidia. Blastidia large, 60-100 um diam., scattered or confluent and then forming a continuous granulose-isidiose crust, concolorous with areolae. Apothecia (Figs. 1c; 2a) rare, sessile, scattered or contiguous, up to 1 mm. Thalline margin concolorous with thallus, at first thick, entire and prominent, becoming thinner and flexuose, often partially excluded. Disc plane, rarely convex, brown, slightly pruinose. Proper margin often visible as a ring within the thalline margin. Excipulum thallinum up to 80 pum laterally, expanded to 100-110 zm below, I+ blue, inspersed with crystals of pannarin. Cortex cellular, 15-20(-40) um laterally, expanded to 40-60 um below, cells thin-walled. Excipulum proprium 10-15 ym laterally, expanded to 25-40 ym above. Epihymenium reddish-brown, with a granular and PD+ orange epipsamma. Hymenium (60-)80-100 um high. Hypothecium colourless 40-110 jum deep. Paraphyses ca. 1,5-2 um wide, apices capitate, 2,5-3,5 um wide. Asci 8-spored, Lecanora-type. Ascospores (Figs. 2c-e) Physcia-type, (15-)17- 19(-21) x (7,5-)9-10(-11,5) zm, smooth (Someones when overmature minutely warted), constricted at the septum, with a well developed torus (Fig. 2e). Spermatia not seen. Chemistry. Thallus K+ yellow and PD+ orange; pannarin and atranorin by TLC. DISCUSSION: This species is characterized by the thallus composed of discrete to contiguous areolae which partially develop ascending blastidia (isidia-like) and form a more or less continuous granulose-isidiose (appearing subsquamulose) crust (Fig. 2a-b). The large blastidia, up to 100 um diam., make this species morphologically distinct from its relatives. Rinodina thujae (H. MAGN.) SHEARD, from North America, is closely related if not conspecific to R. excrescens. The holotype differs from the investigated specimens of A. excrescens exclusively in the areolae which do not build structures resembling blastidia (compare Fig. 1d and Fig. 2a-b). Another sample of RAR. thujae studied (WETMORE 32864) is somewhat intermediate between both species, with some areolae developing blastidia-like structures (=ascending and sublobate margins). After the study of this sample, and without having seen the holotype, this species was mentioned in GIRALT et al. (1993) as a possible synonym of R. excrescens. The study of further North American material of R. thujae is necessary in order to solve its taxonomical position definitively. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION: Ainodina excrescens has hitherto been reported only from the type locality in West Siberia (VAINIO 1928, MAGNUSSON 1947a) and from Austria (GIRALT et al. 1993). According to SHEARD (in lit.) the record from North America reported by BRODO et al. (1987) and also cited in EGAN (1987) refers to another, undescribed Rinodina species. Additional specimens examined: AUSTRIA: Steiermark: Gurktaler Alpen, Grebenzen, 6 km NW Neumarkt, 1 km NW Oberdorf, Dirnberger Hochmoor, ca. 980 m. on Juniperus communis, 20.1.1988, W. OBERMAYER 2587 (GZU, Obermayer). Weststeirisches Hugelland, zwischen Deutschlandsberg und oe Fig. 1. Type specimens of Rinodina granulans (a,b), R. excrescens (c) and R. thujae (d); a. R. granulans (white soredia) growing together with R. archaea agg. (3 apothecia). b. apothecium (arrow) of R. granulans. scale = 500 pm. Fig. 2. Rinodina excrescens (OBERMAYER 2587). a. apothecia. b. blastidiate areoles. scale = 500 pm. c-e. ascospore ontogeny (Physcia-type ascospores). scale = 10 um. 54 Schwanberg, ca. 390 m, on Quercus robur, J. HAFELLNER 23250 & M.E. LoPEz de SILANES (GZU, Hafellner). - CROATIA, Insel Mijet, S Veliko Jezero, 0-30 m, on Pinus halepensis, 15.04.1979, O. BREUSS 954 (BreuB). 4) RINODINA GRANULANS VAN. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 27: 83 (1928) Syn.: A. sibirica var. granulans (VAINIO) H. MAGN., Acta Horti Gothob. 17: 272 (1947a). - Type: Siberia: "Sibiria Occidentali, Konda, in saepimento ligneo loco umbroso ad Tumynvatsk", 1880, E. VAINIO (TUR-V-08799 - holotype) Thallus (Figs. 1a-b) crustaceous, composed of scattered to contiguous areolae. Areolae whitish, whitish-grey, whitish-green or brownish, matt, plane or slightly convex (0,1-)0,2-0,3(0,5) mm diam., usually becoming confluent, with the appearance of minute squamules, dissolving completely into small blastidia. Photobiont trebouxioid, cells 7-12(-15) mm diam. Blastidia small, 15-30(-50) uum diam., confluent, forming a continuous leprose crust, whitish (in the holotype) or with a +dark brown tinge (in the other specimens examined), budding from the margins and surfaces of the areolae. Apothecia very rare, sessile or innate in a dense layer of blastidia, constricted at the base, up to 0,3 mm diam. (all of them are very young). Thalline margin persistent, smooth, concolorous with the areolae. Disc plane, reddish-brown. Excipulum thallinum 80-90 pm laterally, expanded to 130 ym below, |I+ blue, inspersed with crystals of pannarin. Cortex cellular, 10-15 um laterally, 30-50 um at the base, cells thin-walled. Excipulum proprium indistinct laterally, expanded to 30-50 um above. Epihymenium reddish-brown, with a granular and PD+ orange epipsamma. Hymenium 70-80 pm tall. Hypothecium colourless, + 100 um deep. Paraphyses 1,3-2 um wide, apices capitate, 2,5-4 um. Asci Lecanora- type. Ascospores Physcia-type with tendencies to Milvina-type, constricted at the septum, smooth, with a well developed torus, 18-25 x 10-14 um. Spermatia not seen. Chemistry. Thallus K+ faint yellow and PD+ orange; pannarin by TLC. DISCUSSION: In the sample of the holotype of A. granulans there are two Rinodina species growing together (Fig. 1a). One species has a thallus consisting of discrete to contiguous areolae dissolving completely into small blastidia and forming a continuous leprose crust. This thallus contains pannarin (PD+ orange) and includes only very few apothecia, mostly very young and hidden between the blastidia. The excipulum thallinum is I+ blue and entirely inspersed with crystals PD+ orange (pannarin); the epihymenium is covered with a granular epipsamma, not dissolving in K and also PD+ orange; and the ascospores are Physcia-type, with tendencies to Milvina-type, with walls irregularly thickened. The second species has a thin, smooth and continuous thallus without positive reactions. The apothecia are abundant and very well developed. The excipulum thallinum is l- and without any crystals; the epihymenium is covered with a coarsely granular epipsamma dissolving in K and PD-; and the 55 ascospores are Physconia-type, 18-21 x 85-10 um, with uniform walls (SCHEIDEGGER 1993). This species belongs to the Rinodina archaea group. VAINIO's original description includes characters of both species. Whereas the description of the thallus is based on the first species: "Thallus verruculoso- rugulosus, ....... verruculis dispersis aut contiguous, p. p. soredioso- fatiscentibus, farinosam confluentibus ...... ", the description of the apothecia fits with the second one: "Apothecia in partibus minus sorediosis thalli sat crebre evoluta..... Margine tenui, integro.... Excipulum. ..... , jodo non reagens..... Sporae long 0,017-0,021, crass 0,09-0,011 mm, membrana sat aequaliter incrassata......". According to the I|.C.B.N. (art. 9.2, rec. 7B) we choose the species characterized by an entirely blastidiate and PD+ orange thallus and Physcia- type ascospores, as the lectotype of A. granulans. Rinodina granulans is characterized by its small blastidia (soredia-like) forming a continuous, +brownish leprose crust and its Physcia-type ascospores grading into the Milvina-type. Apothecia were observed only in the type material (Fig. 1b). HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION: Rinodina granulans seems to be a widely distributed and quite common species in Siberia where it grows mostly on lignum and on small dry twigs, more seldom on smooth bark, associated with other lignicolous species such as Rinodina archaea agg., Candelariella vitellina, Lecanora symmicta and L. varia. Other associated species are: Melanelia olivacea coll., M. exasperatula, Parmelia sulcata, Xylographa_parallela, Cyphelium tigillare, Hypocenomyce scalaris, Calicium salicinum and Caloplaca cerina. Additional specimens examined: SIBERIA: Jenisejsk, Nasimova, on lignum, 28.6.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Jenisejsk, near the city of Jenisejsk, on lignum, 21.6.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Jenisejsk, Verst, N of Jenisejsk, on old cortex of Prunus padus, 26.6.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Jenisejsk, Novo Sjolovskoje, on lignum, 26.9.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Jenisejsk, Troitskij Klosterdorf, on lignum, 13.7.1876, MM. BRENNER (S). Jenisejsk, Potkamina Tanguska, on lignum, 28.9.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Jenisejsk, Asinovo, on dry twigs, 4.7.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Jenisejsk, Vorogova. on lignum, 30.9.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Tobolsk, Kalimski, on lignum, dry twigs and Betula sp., 31.5.1876, M. BRENNER (S). Tomsk, Timskaja, on dry twigs, 1.6.1876, M. BRENNER (S). 5) RINODINA PRUINELLA BAGL. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 79 (1879); complete information about this species is given by GIRALT & MAYRHOFER (1994). Type: Italy: Sardinia, Giorgino iuxta Cagliari, on Ficus carica CANEPA (MOD- holotype). Exs.: SAMPAIO: Lich. de Portugal 192 (M, UPS). 56 Pannarin located only in the epihymenium, together with the thallus lacking of vegetative diaspores and K+ yellow (atranorin) and the Dirinaria-type ascospores, are diagnostic for this species. Among the species containing pannarin, R. pruinella and the North American R. granuligera and R. marysvillensis are unique in having this substance concentrated only in the epihymenium rather than in the thalline and other apothecial tissues. This feature easily separates these taxa from their relatives. R. granuligera and R. marysvillensis cannot be mistaken for R. pruinella because of their Physcia-type ascospores (see below). The examined specimens are listed in GIRALT & MAYRHOFER (1994) 6) RINODINA SANTORINENSIS J. STEINER s. lat. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien 69: 55 (1919); a complete information about this species is given by MAYRHOFER et al. (1993). Type: Greece: Santorin Island, between Thira and Pyrgos, 4.1911, R. WETTSTEIN (W-lectotype). Exs.: FOLLMANN: Lich. sel. exs. 219 (B, GZU, H, LD, W, as A. confragosa). - Plantae Graecenses, Lich. 504 (GZU). - VEZDA: Lich. rar. exs. 39 (ANUC, BM, DUKE, GZU, H, HO, M, PRM, STU, TSB, UPS, VBI, Kalb, Lumbsch and Vezda). Rinodina santorinensis and the Australasian R. murrayii are the only saxicolous species hitherto known containing pannarin. For this reason the latter is also mentioned in the key. The PD- and I- reactions at the epihymenium and excipulum level, respectively, distinguish R. santorinensis not only from R. murrayii but also from the other treated species. On the other hand, the epihymenium lacking pannarin and the Pachysporaria-type ascospores show that R. santorinensis is more closely related to R. beccariana and to the corticolous R. roboris (MAYRHOFER et al. 1993) than to the taxa treated in this contribution. The specimens examined are listed in MAYRHOFER et al. (1993). OTHER RINODINA SPECIES CONTAINING PANNARIN NOT PRESENT IN THE STUDY AREA Rinodina adirondackii H. MAGN., Bot. Not.: 48 (1947b). - Type: U.S.A.: New York, Adirondack Mountains, Chapel Pond, near St. Huberts, 1600ft, on cedar in gully, 1933, J.L. Lowe (UPS-holotype, not seen). This species is distinguished by the thallus lacking vegetative propagules and the large Pachysporaria-type ascospores, 21-35 x 15-21 gum. Ainodina dalmatica and R. santorinensis possess the same ascospore-type but in both species those are smaller. Furthermore R. dalmatica has a blastidiate thallus and A. santorinensis is saxicolous. SA Distribution: Limited to America's northeastern states, Ontario and Quebec (SHEARD in lit). No specimen belonging to this species has been investigated. All information was provided by Dr.Sheard (Saskatoon). Rinodina granuligera H. MaGun., Bot. Not.: 35 (1947b). - Type: U.S.A.: Florida, Sanford, on trees, 1909, RAPP (UPS-holotype, not seen). Pannarin located only in the epihymenium, together with the thallus lacking vegetative diaspores, K+ yellow (atranorin) and the Physcia-type ascospores of 15-18 x 6,5-8,5 um, distinguish this species from its relatives (see also A. pruinella). Distribution: Southern and Eastern North America (SHEARD in lit.). Specimens examined: U.S.A.: Louisiana: Baton Rouge, N of Terrebonne- Lafourche parish line on road 309, west of Thibodaux, on Salix, 11.10.1980, S.C. TUCKER (GZU). 4,7 miles n-NE of Chipola, on gravel road (Parrish road 1044), hardwood forest in ravine, 8.3.1973, S.C. TUCKER 11101B (Sheard). West Side of lake Bistineau, on dirt road parallel to lake edge, immature mixed Pinus sp.- Quercus ilex forest, 26.5.1973, S.C. TUCKER (Sheard). Rinodina marysvillensis H. MAGN., Ann. Cryptog. Exot. 5: 31 (1932). - Type: U.S.A.: Washington, Marysville, on Salix bark, 1927, GRANT (UPS-holotype). The same characters cited for R. granuligera distinguish R. marysvillensis from the treated species. Both species are closely related but they can be mainly separated by the different ascospore size and shape being for R. marysvillensis larger [(16-)18-22 x (8-)10-11(-13) um] and more broadly ellipsoid. Their distribution it is also markedly different (see also AR. granuligera and R. pruinella). Distribution: Western North America (SHEARD in lit.). Additional specimens examined: U.S.A.: California: Amador Co., on Alnus rhombifolia, riparian woodland along Sutter Creek between Sutter Creek and Volcano, ca. 2000 ft. alt, 15.3.1975, W.A. WEBER (SHEARD, aS WEBER: Lich. exs. 474). San Francisco Co., San Francisco, Lands End, NE of Santa Cruz Peninsula, on Alnus rubra, 25.6.1974, |.M. BRoDO 20481 & R.M. BROWN (CANL). Rinodina murrayii H. MAYRHOFER, Lichenologist 15(3): 273 (1983). - Type: New Zealand: South Island, Otago, Lee Stream Valley south west of Dunedin, 2 km north of Lee Stream School, ca. 490 m, 23.9.1981, H. MAYRHOFER 2199 (GZU-holotype; CHR, OTA-isotypes). The saxicolous habitat together with the Physcia-type ascospores make this species distinct from its relatives (see R. santorinensis). Distribution: New Zealand and Australia (MAYRHOFER 1983, 1984). The specimens examined are listed in MAYRHOFER (1983). Rinodina thujae (H. MAGN.) SHEARD, Bryologist 90: 164 (1987); A. marysvillensis var. thujae H. MAGN., Bot. Not.: 192 (1953).- Type: U.S.A:: Wisconsin, Villas Co. Eagle River on Thuja occidentalis, 1946, J.W. THOMSON 2122 (UPS-holotype). 58 Only the larger areolae which do not dissolve into blastidia or soredia distinguish this species from the closely related R. excrescens and R. granulans (see comments made for these taxa). Distribution: Great Lakes States and Canada (SHEARD in lit.). Additional specimens examined: U.S.A.: Minnesota, St. Louis Co., Voyageurs National Park, 11.6.1978, C.M. WETMORE 32864 (MIN). We are indebted to the directors and keepers of the following herbaria: BM, CANL, GZU, LISU, MIN, S, STU, TUR, W and WU; to Dr. O. BREuss (Vienna), Dr. J. ETAYO (Navarra) and Dr. J. HAFELLNER (Graz) who kindly lent us their private collections; to Mag. M. MATZER (Graz) for selecting specimens in BM; to Prof. Dr. J.W. SHEARD (Saskatoon) for his valuable information and comments on some specimens as well as for the loan of some specimens and correcting the English text and to Prof. Dr. J. POELT (Graz) for critical revision of the manuscript. The second author (H. MAYRHOFER) was supported by the Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Projekt P8500-BIO). REFERENCES BouLy DE LESDAIN, M. (1909). Notes lichénologiques IX. - Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 170-175. BRODO, |.M., NOBLE, W.J., AHTI, T. & CLAYDEN, S. (1987). Lichens new to North America from the flora of British Columbia, Canada. - Mycotaxon 28: 99- 110. CopPINs, B.J. & JAMES, P.W. (1979). New or interesting British lichens IV. - Lichenologist, 11: 139-179. CULBERSON; Ch.F & AMMANN, K. (1979). Standardmethode zur Dunnschichtchromatographie von Flechtensubstanzen. - Herzogia 5: 1-24. DIEDERICH, P. (1989). Les lichens epiphytiques et leurs champignons lichénicoles (Macrolichens exceptes) du Luxembourg. - Travaux Scient. Musée National Hist. Natur. Luxembourg 16: 1-268. EGAN, R.S. (1987). A fifth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. - Bryologist 90: 77- 173. Etayo, J. (1992). Liquenes epifitos de Navarra: el género Rinodina. - Actes Simp. Int. Bot. Pius Font i Quer. 1988. vol.1. Criptogamia: 191-193. Fox, B.W. & Purvis, O.W. (1992). Rinodina (Ach.) Gray (1821). - In: PURvis, O.W., COPPINS, B.J., HAWKSWORTH, D.L., JAMES, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.), The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland.- Natural History Museum Publications and the British Lichen Society. London. GIRALT, M. & MAYRHOFER, H. (1994). Four corticolous species of the genus Rinodina (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) containing atranorin in southern Europe and adjacent regions. - Nova Hedwigia (in press). GIRALT, M., OBERMAYER, W. & MAYRHOFER, H. (1993). Rinodina poeltiana spec. nov. (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae), a new blastidiate species from Austria. - Herzogia 9: 709-714. OF GIRALT, M., MAYRHOFER, H. & SHEARD, J.W. (in prep.). The corticolous and lignicolous sorediate, blastidiate and isidiate species of the genus Rinodina (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in Southern Europe. HARMAND, J. (1913). Lichens de France. Catalogue systématique et descriptif. - Librairie des Sciences Naturelles Paul Klincksieck. Paris. HARRIS, R.C. (1977). Lichens of the Straits Counties, Michigan. - University of Michigan Herbarium (mimeographed). HAWKSWORTH, D.L., SUTTON, B.C. & AINSWORTH, G.C. (1983). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the fungi. 7 Ed. - C.A.B. Kew, Surrey. HONEGGER, R. (1978). The ascus apex in lichenized fungi |. The Lecanora-, Peltigera- and Teloschistes-types. - Lichenologist 10: 47-67. MAGNUSSON, A.H. (1932). Lichens from western North America, mainly Washington and Alaska. - Ann. Cryptog. Exot. 5: 16-38. MAGNUSSON, A.H. (1947a). Studies in non-saxicolous species of Rinodina mainly from Europe and Siberia. - Acta Horti Gothob. 17: 191-338. MAGNUSSON, A.H. (1947b). On North American, non saxicolous species of the genus Rinodina. - Bot. Not.: 32-54. MAGNUSSON, A.H. (1953). New lichens mainly Rinodina species from U.S.A. - Bot. Not.: 187-196. MAYRHOFER, H. (1982). Ascosporen und Evolution der Flechtenfamilie Physciaceae. - J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 52: 313-321. MAYRHOFER, H. (1983). The saxicolous species of Rinodina in New Zealand. - Lichenologist 15: 267-282. MAYRHOFER, H. (1984). The saxicolous Species of Dimelaena, Rinodina and Rinodinella in Australia. - Beih. Nova Hedwigia 79: 511-536. MAYRHOFER, H., MATZER, M., SATTLER, J. & EGEA, J.M. (1993). A revision of the Atlantic-Mediterranean Rinodina beccariana and related taxa (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae). - Nova Hedwigia 57: (in press). PoELT, J. (1980). Physcia opuntiella spec. nov. und die Lebensform der Sprossenden Flechten. - Flora 169: 23-31. SCHEIDEGGER, Ch. (1993). A revision of saxicolous species of the genus Buellia De Not. and formerly included genera in Europe. - Lichenologist 25. (in press). TO@NSBERG, T. (1992). The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. - Sommerfeltia 14: 1-331. VAINIO, E.A. (1928). Enumeratio Lichenum in viciniis fluminis Konda (circ. 60° lat. Bor.) in Sibiria occidentali crescentium. - Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Ser. A, 27(6): 65-122. WITTMANN, H. & TURK, R. (1987). Zur Flechtenflora Oberdsterreichs - Neue und bemerkenswerte Flechten und Flechtenparasiten. - Linzer Biol. Beitr. 19(2): 389-399. WIRTH, W. (1990). Neufunde von Flechten in Baden-Wiurttemberg und anderen Regionen Deutschlands. - Herzogia 8: 305-334. Wona, Y.P. & BRODO, I.M. (1990). Significant records from the lichen flora of southern Ontario, Canada. - Bryologist 93(3): 357-367. Wonca, Y.P. & BRODO, I.M. (1992). The lichens of Southern Ontario, Canada. - Syllogeus 69: 1-79. ies | Lae Veal rh hy LOR tA Thar iy, ) ie ets st va ars? is Steed h, PM wh ‘le me Wy - ‘ta ' a Ma ee oe ea aan nba sie i ve i Hiatal ha Miacaie a aa meena ? 1“ Pe a ee is ye « : a | at Sie tas NR Oy ea YOR? a ae et mest if : 4 t = nen i hea es a Coe ee vo . ; Tate ¥ nf NS gab A hint) P ues an sil Aa p prin ‘i if Clee I ies ial ath ee ye MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 61-72 January-March 1994 SYSTEMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIESIN THE BALANSIEAE AND RELATED ANAMORPHS. VIII. THEEPHELIS ANAMORPH OF BALANSIA EPICHLOE. RYAN A. PHELPS and GARETH MORGAN-JONES Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 ABSTRACT The development and morphology of the Ephelis state of Balansia epichloe (Weese) Diehl on the adaxial surface of leaves of Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees are described. Differences between the conidiomata of this and those of some other Balansia anamorphs are noted. A formal taxonomic description is presented. INTRODUCTION As discussed previously (Phelps et al., 1993b), Ephelis conidiomata of Balansia species vary considerably in morphology, ranging from effuse and ill- defined to distinctly hysteriform or apothecoid. Such structures have been variously referred to as being pycnidial, sporodochium-like, patellate, or cupulate (Diehl, 1950; Ullasa, 1969). Whatever their form, the conidiomata are produced on primary stromata of diverse thicknesses, the latter prosenchymatous to pseudoparenchymatous in texture and developing superficially on host plant surfaces. Primary stromata of the various species differ morphologically, depending upon the plant part on which they are produced. Generally, when occurring on culms as in Balansia aristidae (Atk.) Diehl, a pathogen of Aristida spp. (Phelps et a/., 1993a), and especially on leaves as in Balansia epichloe, anamorph stromata are flat and effuse. When associated with inflorescences, as in Balansia cyperi Edg. on Cyperus spp. and Atkinsonella hy poxylon (Peck) Diehl on Danthonia spicata (L) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Ephelis conidiomata are often borne on somewhat pulvinate or cushion-like stromata and are cupulate or patellate in form (Diehl, 1950; Rykard et al., 1984; Leuchtmann and Clay, 1988). Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series Number 18-933559 62 Primary stromata formed on leaves, such as those of Balansia epichloe and B. henningsiana (Moell.) Diehl, originate from hyphae egressing between epidermal cells or through stomata (Phelps et a/., 1993c), and are usually thin, diffuse, often extending and spreading some distance over the surface. These two species, each of which occurs on a number of grass hosts, have often been confused, but differ in that they form ascostromata that are epiphyllous and hypophyllous, respectively. Balansia henningsiana occurs commonly in the southern United States on species of Andropogon L., and Panicum L. (Diehl, 1950). Balansia epichloe has a similar geographical distribution and a host range including species of Eragrostis Wolf, Panicum, and Sporobolus R. Br. (Diehl, 1950). In B. epichloe, hyphal egress through the adaxial leaf surface occurs predominantly between epidermal cells and bulliform cells of the longitudinal grooves (Phelps, et al., 1993c). At first, external hyphal proliferation occurs primarily along the length of the longitudinal grooves proximal to the sites of egress. This gives rise to a number of dense, linear mycelial mats in the grooves, interconnected by sparse hyphae overlying the costal regions. Eventually the primary stroma extends more or less evenly over the affected portion of the leaf surface. The Ephelis anamorph is formed from this stroma. Rykard et al. (1984) briefly described the conidiomata of Atkinsonella hypoxylon and several Balansia species, including B. epichloe and B. henningsiana. Species were found to differ in a number of characteristics, including extent of fertile conidiophore palisade development, thickness and persistence of overlying stromal tissue, presence or absence of distinguishable peripheral excipular tissue and spatial relationship of primary and secondary perithecial stromata. In B. henningsiana, collected in Georgia on Andropogon virginicus L., conidiomata were found to develop from long, narrow, thin, white primary stromata formed on either or both sides of the midrib on the adaxial leaf surface (Rykard et al., 1984). Palisades of conidiophores were reported to develop in well-defined, irregular, hysteriform "structures" scattered on the stroma surface before the leaf blade expanded. Perithecial stromata were formed on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade opposite the conidial stromata. Diehl (1950), in describing the ephemeral anamorph of B. henningsiana, made no mention of occurrence on the upper leaf surface but noted that the stromata were found on the abaxial surfaces of unrolling leaves. He referred to the stroma as a "hypothallus". The conidiomata of B. henningsiana were described as being linear to hysteriform, with thin, evanescent exciples. PLATE 1. Leaf segments of Eragrostis capillaris showing dark Ephelis conidiomata of Balansia epichloe on white, adaxially-borne primary stromata [X 5 to X 20]. A, young, more or less discrete, buff-colored fertile areas (indicated by arrowheads); B, older, coalescent conidiomata assuming a linear morphology; C-F, fully developed conidiomata; C, virtually covering entire stroma; D&E, oblong to hysteriform, separated by sterile stromal mycelium, with developing conidiomata (indicated by arrowheads) in close proximity; F, variously confluent, giving an irregular to long-linear aspect. 63 64 Conidiomata of B. epichloe occurring on Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates, were reported by Rykard et a/., (1984) to be in the form of irregular, hysteriform, coalescing locules bordered laterally by ridges of sterile tissue. When viewed in cross-section the fertile areas were described as having the appearance of saucer-shaped depressions in the stroma. Diehl (1950) noted that conidiomata of B. epichloe cover the so-called hypothallus as a whitish film that splits irregularly in elongate, subhysteriform, coalescing pycnidia. These were described as being partly separated by "the dissepiments of the surface layer as peridia". As already noted (Phelps et a/., 1993b), Diehl (1950) madedifferences in conidiomatal and ascostromatal morphology the basis for recognition of two subgenera of Balansia, namely Eubalansia and Dothichloe. The first was characterized by possession of patellate or cupulate conidiomata with a well- defined margin or excipulum, the second by effuse or hysteriform, more irregular and less clearly defined, fertile areas. The utility of, and need for, these subgeneric taxa have recently been questioned (Morgan-Jones et al., 1992). Balansia is not a very large genus and its subdivision on this basis seems of doubtful value. The anamorph genus Ephelis Fr., based on E. mexicana Fr., contains very few species although Ephelis states are known to be produced by most Balansia species currently recognized, including B. aristidae, B. strangulans and the others mentioned above. The affinity of the type species itself is uncertain (Diehl, 1950; Phelps et a/., 1993b). It could be the anamorph of either Balansia obtecta Diehl or B. claviceps Speg., probably the former. The binomial Ephelis mexicana must be considered a nomen dubium because it cannot be properly typified. Ephelis borealis Ell. & Everh. is the anamorph of Atkinsonella hypoxylon (Peck.) Atk. and E. trinitensis Cke & Massee the anamorph of B. claviceps. The status of Ephelis japonica P. Henn. and E. oryzae Syd. is also uncertain since there seems little difference between the two (Phelps et al., 1993b) and a teleomorph connection is not known for either. Our collection and recent studies of several members of the Balansieae in the southeastern United States (Morgan-Jones and White, 1992; Morgan-Jones et al., 1993; Phelps et al/., 1993a, 1993b, 1993c) have been aimed at better understanding host-pathogen relationships and documenting in greater detail the characteristics of the respective fungi. The relationship between B. epichloe and Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees and E. elliottii was reported upon in part VII of this series (Phelps et al., 1993c). In the present paper, the development and morphology of the Ephelis anamorph of B. epichloe on leaves of E. capillaris are described. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test plants used during these studies were collected and maintained as described by Phelps et al. (1993c). Leaf segments bearing ephelidial stromata at various stages of development were harvested and prepared for sectioning. Fixation, dehydration, infiltration, sectioning, and staining procedures were performed as described by Phelps et al. (1993a). Ss == = = ee OY 0 ) CG 0 Q ex = = C) OQ &) = ZA = = = Ls eS © O S s = = = 4 Se L? OP — ms AO = — = oxe ALA O = —— S) AO e © = SL O A \] LRG OV ha CO E fh < O 3 Oo ~) O Gi O OPN ) OK 6, ~; C} ‘se ONES © Oo — © x Kw A O epichloe. idiomata of Balansia n of Ephelis con gh portio throu FIGURE 1. Section 66 RESULTS Primary Stroma Development As documented in a preceding paper of this series (Phelps et a/., 1993c), endophytic hyphae of Balansia epichloe grow systemically in host leaves, longitudinally for the most part, between cells of both vascular and ground tissue. Prior to stroma initiation, mycelium is relatively scattered and sparse. It is most commonly associated with vascular bundles, particularly those of the midvein. Primary stroma development and Ephelis anamorph production may occur on mature, fully expanded leaves or when young and concealed by enveloping leaves. Localized build-up of endophytic hyphae at a particular position along the leaf blade, usually toward the middle, lengthwise, immediately precedes initial hyphal egress. Stroma development follows at the same site. As the area of hyphal concentration spreads in both directions, concurrent egress from the adaxial leaf surface and stroma initiation occurs, both at first along longitudinal grooves (Plate 2, B-D). Hyphal build-up, egress, and stroma formation begin sequentially at the same locus, and subsequently spread up and down the leaf blade. Initially, most hyphae egress between cells of the longitudinal grooves. Small, parallel bundles of hyphae then grow linearly within these intercostal grooves (Plate 2, B-D), eventually filling and overflowing them (Plate 2, F). The stroma appears striate in its youngest stages due to concentration of the delicate hyphal network within longitudinal grooves (Phelps et a/., 1993c). In its final dimensions, the primary stroma may cover the width of the blade and extend appreciably in length (Plate 1, C). Eventually the dense, white, cottony stroma thickens, covering the entire width of the affected leaf surface area (Plate 1, A &D). When mature, the primary stromata assume a cream to very pale buff coloration and become more or less prosenchymatous in texture. Constituent hyphae tend to be more densely packed in the vicinity of longitudinal grooves. Conidiomata develop at or near the surface of the stroma as elliptic to hysteriform to linear pustules (Plate 1, A-F). Conidiophores originate from hyphae occurring a short distance below the stromal surface. At first, the developing palisades of conidiophores are covered by thin wefts of hyphae which are soon disrupted, exposing the fertile areas. Conidiophore palisade primordia are initially scattered (Plate 1, A) but often become progressively longer and coalesce to form long, linear entities (Plate 1, B) following the subtending longitudinal leaf grooves where the stroma is thickest and there is a PLATE 2. Portions of thin sections showing developing primary stromata of Balansia epichloe on adaxial leaf surfaces of Eragrostis capillaris plants. A, cross section showing young, loose stroma (s) developing above two leaf veins and in the longitudinal groove (indicated by arrowhead) between them [X 400]; B-E, cross sections showing young, loose stromata (s) and hyphae concentrated within longitudinal grooves (indicated by arrowheads); (hyphae egressing between epidermal cells indicated by arrows in D & E) [X 1000]; F, cross section showing part of a more mature primary stroma (s) filling a longitudinal groove [X 400]. 68 preponderance of underlying, egressing hyphae. The palisades of conidiophores rest ona loose mat of hyphae (Plate 3, D-F) and are essentially acervuloid in aspect although the fructification is entirely superficial. When mature, the conidiomata have a concave, saucer-like form when viewed in cross section. Very young conidiomata are barely distinguishable from the surrounding sterile stromal areas but with the initiation of conidiogenesis become discernible as pale beige to very pale chocolate-colored patches (Plate 1, A). As conidiation progresses, and mounds of conidia accumulate, the conidiomata assume a dark, grayish-brown coloration. Conidiomatal coalescence and profuse conidium production sometimes result in most of the primary stroma becoming covered by dark masses of conidia (Plate 1, C). Under favorable conditions the fertile areas become distinctly pustular in appearance due to the superficial accumulation of conidial masses (Plate 1, D-F). Taxonomic Description Ephelis anamorph of Balansia epichloe (Weese) Diehl, USDA Agric. Monogr. 4:40, 1950. Mycelium immersed in host leaf tissue, composed of hyaline, septate, smooth, branched, 1.5-2 pm wide hyphae, distributed predominantly in the vicinity of vascular bundles and immediately surrounding mesophyll. Hyphae egressing predominantly between epidermal cells (Plate 2, D & E) or through stomata. Primary stroma effuse to diffuse, especially toward the margin, superficial, thin, at first somewhat lanose (Plate 1, E), becoming felted, loosely prosenchymatous when mature, denser where close to the leaf surface, particularly in proximity to longitudinal grooves, up to 120 ym thick, up to 2.5 cm in length, 2-6 mm wide, white when young, cream to very pale buff when mature. Conidiomata eustromatic, as localized, undifferentiated, fertile areas originating closely beneath the stroma surface, ephemeral, erumpent from below a narrow layer of loosely interwoven hyphae, initially scattered, becoming gregarious or sometimes confluent, elliptic to oblong to hysteriform or long-linear in outline (Plate 3, D& F), acervular, saucer-shaped (Plate 3, D), bordered peripherally by a small cluster of closely appressed, vertically oriented, sterile hyphal cells as a rudimentary exciple (Figure 1), separated and bordered by sterile strips of the primary stromata, about 1 mm wide, of various lengths up to 1 cm. Conidiophores (Figure 2) micronematous, hyaline, smooth, septate, simple or branched, arranged in dense fascicles, formed from hyphae lining the base of the conidiomata. Conidiogenous cells long-cylindrical, discrete, terminal or lateral, attenuating slightly toward the distal end, straight or slightly flexuous, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, indeterminate, giving rise to a sequence of a few conidia at the apex, 1-1.5 pm wide. Conidia hyaline, aseptate, narrowly fusiform, guttulate, more or less straight or slightly curved, thin-walled, smooth, obtuse at the apex, subtruncate at the base, (16)-18-(21) X 1 pm (Figure 2). On a number of Poaceae genera, including Andropogon L., Calamagrostis Adams., Chloris Sw., Ctenium Panz., Eragrostis Wolf, Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Panicum L., and Sporobolus R. Br.; North, Central, and South America. 70 Collections examined: on Eragrostis capillaris, Auburn, Lee County, Alabama, August 1991, G. Morgan-Jones, AUA; on E. elliottii, Geneva County, Alabama, July 1991, R.A Phelps, AUA. DISCUSSION Although Balansia epichloe and B. henningsiana overlap in host range, both occurring on Andropogon scoparius Michx., Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P. and Panicum agrostoides Spreng. in the United States (Diehl, 1950), and are of broadly similar morphology, they are considered distinct species. Not surprisingly, their superficial resemblance has led in the past to their being regarded as a single entity. Ina key to species of Balansia, Diehl (1950) separated the two taxa on the basis of their fructifications being produced on opposite leaf surfaces; on the adaxial side in the case of B. epichloe, on the abaxial side in B. henningsiana. Hyphal egress can, however, apparently occur in both species from either leaf surface. Phelps et al. (1993c) reported outward passage of hyphae of B. epichloe between epidermal cells on the abaxial leaf in Eragrostis capillaris. Such hyphae do not continue to grow and give rise to primary stromata however. As already mentioned, Rykard et al. (1984) found the anamorph state of B. henningsiana formed on the adaxial surface of leaves of Andropogon virginicus. Ascostromata of the two species invariably occur on the different surfaces, in B. epichloe by conversion of the primary stroma and development of perithecial initials a short distance below the conidiophore palisade. From the account by Diehl (1950), and bearing in mind the observations made by Rykard et al. (1984), it seems that B. henningsiana can form primary stromata bearing conidiomata on either leaf surface but further investigation of this species on different hosts is required for purposes of confirmation. The conidiomata of B. epichloe differ from those of species of Balansia having effuse stromata occurring on culms, such as B. aristidae (Atk.) Diehl (Phelps et a/., 1993b), in being much less well-defined and differentiated. The primary stroma of B. aristidae becomes melanized at or about the time of conidiomatal initiation and assumes a _ pseudoparenchymatous _ texture. Conidiomata originate as locules in the stroma, the palisade of conidiophores becoming exposed by a longitudinal split in the overlying tissue. PLATE 3. Portions of thin sections showing developing primary stromata of Balansia epichloe on adaxial leaf surfaces of Eragrostis capillaris plants. A, oblique section showing bulliform cells (b), hyphae packed in longitudinal groove (indicated by arrowhead), and overlying stroma (s) [X 500]; B & C, cross sections showing Ephelis palisades (indicated by arrows) beginning to form on underlying primary stromata (s) [X 300]; D-F, different magnifications of a slightly oblique section showing a primary stroma (s) bearing a fully developed Ephelis conidioma (indicated by arrowheads) [D; X 150; E; X 200; F; X 400]. Underlying plant tissue includes bulliform cells (b) associated with a longitudinal groove, and vascular tissue (v) surrounded by dark bundle sheath cells. 71 72 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Dr. Mary E. Palm, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, for her presubmission review of this paper. The research on which it is based was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (BSR-8922157). LITERATURE CITED DIEHL, W.W. 1950. Balansia and Balansieae in America. Agric. Monograph No. 4, USDA, Washington, D.C. 82 pp. LEUCHTMANN, A. and K. CLAY. 1988. Atkinsonella hypoxylon and Balansia cyperi, epiphytic members of the Balansieae. Mycologia 80: 192-199. MORGAN-JONES, G. and J.F. WHITE, JR. 1992. Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae and related anamorphs. II. Cultural characteristics of Atkinsonella hypoxylon and Balansia_ epichloe. M ycotaxon 44: 89-102. MORGAN-JONES, G., R.A. PHELPS and J.F. WHITE, JR. 1992. Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae. I. Prologue. Mycotaxon 43: 401-415. MORGAN-JONES, G., R.A. PHELPS and M.R. OWSLEY. 1993. Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae and related anamorphs. VI. The teleomorph of Balansia aristidae. Mycotaxon49: 107-116. PHELPS, R.A., G. MORGAN-JONES and M.R. OWSLEY. 1993a. Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae and related anamorphs. IV. Host-pathogen relationship of Aristida purpurascens and Balansia aristidae. Mycotaxon 48: 165-178. PHELPS, R.A., G. MORGAN-JONES and M.R. OWSLEY. 1993b. Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae and related anamorphs. V. The Ephelis anamorph of Balansia aristidae. Mycotaxon 49: 91-105. PHELPS, R.A., G. MORGAN-JONES and M.R. OWSLEY. 1993c. Systematic and biological studies in the Balansieae and related anamorphs. VII. Host-pathogen relationship of Eragrostis capillaris and Balansia epichloe. Mycotaxon 49: 117-127. RYKARD, D.M., E.S. LUTTRELL and C.W. BACON. 1984. Conidiogenesis and conidiomata in the Clavicipitoideae. Mycologia 76: 1095-1103. ULLASA, B.A. 1969. Balansia claviceps in artificial culture. Mycologia 61: 572-579. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 73-80 January-March 1994 A new species of Ascotricha with non-ostiolate ascomata Shun-ichi UDAGAWAD, Shigeru UCHIYAMA2) and Seigo KAMIYA2) 1) Nodai Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan; 2) New Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3, Ookubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-33, Japan Abstract Ascotricha distans, a new species with a Dicyma anamorph, is described and illustrated from soil in Japan. It is unique because of the production of non-ostiolate ascomata, few ascomatal hairs and evanescent asci, adaptive characters for its terrestrial habitat. The Dicyma anamorph is characterized by short conidiophores without sterile ampulliform processes, geniculate, rachis-like conidiogenous cells and pale, subglobose, almost smooth conidia. Key Words Ascotricha , Dicyma, cleistothecial ascomycete, Xylariaceae, taxonomy, soil fungus The genus Ascotricha Berk. now contains 9 accepted species, all of which have anamorphs classified in the form-genus Dicyma Boulanger (Hawksworth, 1971; Kulshreshtha et al., 1977; von Arx, 1981). Most species of Ascotricha are probably cosmopolitan in distribution, and are commonly isolated from cellulosic substrates (e.g. paper, wood, fabrics, plant debris, seeds, dung, etc.), particularly in tropical to subtropical regions (Hawksworth, 1971; Hanlin, 1990). The occurrence in soil suggests an active role in decomposing processes of cellulosic materials such as litter. 74 During our exploratory survey of soil-borne ascomycetes as producers of secondary metabolites useful to the pharmaceutical industry, an interesting member of Ascotricha was isolated from cultivated soil in a herbal plant garden, southern Kyusyu. The fungus superficially resembles A. amphitricha (Corda) Hughes (Hawksworth, 1971) in morphology of ascomatal hairs, but differs from it in producing non-ostiolate ascomata with few hairs and clavate asci, aS well as in its conidial characters. Recently, Valldosera and Guarro (1988) erected the monotypic genus Ascotrichella, which was considered as a transitional form of the Xylariaceae between Ascotricha and Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke. Ascotrichella hawksworthii Valldosera et Guarro is characterized by short hairy ostiolate ascomata, cylindrical asci with a non-amyloid apical apparatus, discoid ascospores with a longitudinal germ slit and a Humicola-like anamorph. Our fungus distinctly differs from Ascotrichella hawksworthii in having long, distinct, smooth-walled hairs and a Dicyma anamorph. Thus, it is described as a new species of Ascotricha herein. Ascotricha distans Udagawa, Uchiyama et Kamiya, sp.nov. Figs: Coloniae in agaro cellulosa restrictae, planae, tenues, ex mycelio vegetativo submerso et hyphis aeriis sparsis formantes, brunneo-griseae vel ferro-griseae; ascomata tarde producentia, nigra; conidiogenesis dispersa; reversum fumosum. Ascomata superficialia vel immersa, dispersa, non-ostiolata, nigra, nitida, globosa vel subglobosa, 70-120 um _ diam, paucipilosa; pili dimorphi: (a) longi, flagelliformes, atrobrunnei, rigidi, simplices, 500-1000 x 2-2.5 um, basi 5-7.5 Um diam, angustati, leves, septati, raro cum ramis ampulliformibus instructi, (b) setiformes, saepe deminuentes, aseptati vel pauciseptati, abrupte angustati, ad apicem interdum cellula ampulliformi hyalina formantes; peridium olivaceo-brunneum, tenue, ex “textura epidermoidea” compositum. Asci 8-spori, clavati, 30-42.5 x 7.5-10 uum, brevi-stipitati, evanescentes; paraphyses nullae. Ascosporae biseriatae, primum hyalinae, postremo valde olivceo-brunneae, ovoideae vel ellipsoideae, compressae a latere visis, 5-6.5 (-7.5) xX 4.5-5 x 3-3.5 tum, leves, fissura germinali paratae. Status anamorphus: Dicyma sp. Holotypus BF 39285, colonia exsiccata in cultura ex solo sativo, Kaimon-cho, Ibusuki-gun, Kagoshima, in Japonia, 28. 1x. 1992, a S. Uchiyama et S. Kamiya isolata et ea collectione fungorum, Musei et Instituti Historiae Naturalis Chiba (CBM) conservata. Etymology: from Latin, distans=distinct, referring to the distinct characters of ascomata. Fig. 1. Ascotricha distans, BF 39285. A. Ascomata; B. Portions of long ascomatal hairs; C. Seta-like short ascomatal hairs; D. Asci; E. Ascospores; F. Conidiogenous cells; G. Conidia. be. 76 Anamorphosis: Dicyma sp. Mycelium ex hyphis hyalinis vel dilute brunneis, ramosis, septatis, levibus, 1-2.5 um diam compositum. Conidiophora erecta, ex mycelio basali vel hyphis aeriis oriunda; stipites 10-50 x 1.5-3 uum, leves, incrassati, septati, simplices vel apicaliter verticillate ramosi, basi olivaceo-brunnei, apicem versus gradatim pallescentes et angustati. Cellulae conidiogenae ex conidiophoro simplici vel ramis terminales, subhyalinae vel dilute brunneae, basi ampulliformes vel elongatae, 8-12 x 3-4 tum, apice sympodice prolongatae, usque 20-50 um longae, 2.5 -3 tm diam, geniculatae. Conidia ex denticulis terminalibus successivis singulatim producta, hyalina vel dilute olivaceo-brunnea, subglobosa, 3.5-5 um diam, vel obovoidea, 3-5.5 x 2.5-5 tm, levia vel parum asperata, ad basim cicatrice inconspicua affixa. Holotypus BF 39285, loc. cit. Colonies on cellulose agar growing restrictedly, attaining a diam of 10-12 mm in 14 days at 25°C, plane, thin, consisting of a submerged vegetative mycelium and sparse aerial hyphae, Brownish Grey (M. 6F2, after Kornerup and Wanscher, 1978) or Iron Grey (Rayner, 1970), later producing black ascomata on the substratum; conidiogenesis sparse; reverse Smoke Grey (R). Colonies on potato-carrot agar (PCA) growing rather restrictedly, attaining a diam of 17-19 mm in 14 days at 25°C, velvety, plane or slightly sulcate, consisting of a thin basal felt, Dark Green (M. 27F3) or Olivaceous Black (R), producing abundant ascomata covered by a dense overgrowth of conidia; reverse Greenish Grey (M. 27F2) or Olivaceous Black (R). Ascomata superficial or sometimes immersed, often intermixed with profuse conidiophores, scattered, non-ostiolate, black, shining, globose to subglobose, 70-120 tum diam, with a few, long, straight or slightly flexed hairs on the upper part and several short ones the lower part; ascomatal hairs of two types: (a) long, whip- like, dark brown, rigid, unbranched, 500-1000 um long, basally 5-7.5 um wide, tapering and 2-2.5 tm wide throughout most of the length, smooth and thick-walled, septate, slightly swollen at the septum, rarely with short hyaline ampulliform branches, and (b) seta-like, often diminished, aseptate or few septate, abruptly tapering to a pointed tip or a hyaline ampulliform cell measuring 7.5-15 x 3-5 jm; ascomatal peridium olivaceous brown, thin, of textura epidermoidea; outer layer consisting of dark, thick-walled, irregular cells measuring 5-7.5(-12.5) 4m diam, and inner layer of hyaline, thin-walled, angular cells. Asci 8-spored, clavate, 30- 42.5 x 7.5-10 um (p. sp. 17.5-25 tm long), short-stipitate up to 7.5-12.5 um _ long, thin-walled, without apical structures, evanescent; paraphyses not observed. Ascospores biseriate, at first 1s 4 Fig. 2. Ascotricha distans, BF 39285. A, B. Asci, x 1200; C, D. Ascospores (SEM), x 2245(C) and x 2500(D); E, F. Conidiogenous cells and conidia, x 1200. 78 hyaline, becoming dark olivaceous brown at maturity, ovoid to ellipsoidal, compressed when seen edgewise, 5-6.5(-7.5) x 4.5-5 x 3-3.5 um, rounded at both ends, smooth-walled, with a longitudinal germ slit. Mycelium consisting of hyaline to pale brown, branched, septate, smooth-walled, 1-2.5 tm _ thick hyphae. Conidiophores erect, arising from the basal mycelium or aerial hyphae; stipes short, 10-50 x 1.5-3 tm, smooth and thick-walled, septate, unbranched or apically branched a few times in_ verticillate arrangements, olivaceous brown at the base, gradually paling and tapering towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells arising terminally from unbranched conidiophore or branches of the conidiophore, subhyaline to pale olivaceous brown, consisting of a flask-shaped to elongate basal part, 8-12 x 3-4 Um, and a well-developed, denticulate rachis to 20-50 um long and 2.5-3 um _ wide, geniculate, with crowded, distinct, about 1 tm wide conidium- bearing denticles. Conidia acropleurogenous, produced sympodially on the denticle, hyaline to pale olivaceous brown, subglobose, 3.5- 5 um diam, or obovoid, 3-5.5 x 2.5-5 um, the walls smooth to faintly roughened, with an inconspicuous basal scar. At 37°C, growth is nil. Specimen examined: BF 39285 (holotype), in dried culture isolated from cultivated soil, herbal plant garden, Kaimon-cho, Ibusuki-gun, Kagoshima-pref., Japan, 28 Sept. 1992, col. S. Uchiyama and S. Kamiya. The holotype has been deposited with the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan (CBM). The genus Ascotricha is found in the earlier literature under the Chaetomiaceae (Ames, 1963). On the basis of the distinct neck on the perithecia, the smooth-walled terminal hairs, the amyloid plug in the asci, the prominent germ slit in the ascospores and the anamorphs close to Geniculosporium-Nodulisporium, it is distinguished from Chaetomium and now best included in the Xylariaceae (Hawksworth and Wells, 1973; Khan and Cain, 1977; von Arx, 1982; Eriksson and Hawksworth, 1991). Ascotricha distans is the first species of the genus known to produce cleistothecia, with few hairs and evanescent asci. As in the Ceratostomataceae, Chaetomiaceae Lasiosphaeriaceae, Microascaceae and Sordariaceae, particularly in species found in soil, such morphological adaptations are well-recognized by the result of a progressive evolution away from dispersal of ascospores by means of air currents. Although there are only a few examples in the Xylariaceae (Malloch and Rogerson, 1977), the convergence in the ascoma characters of A. distans is considered to be an adaptation to its terrestrial habitat analogous to those in other cleistothecial ascomycetes. 72 The Dicyma anamorph of new species, is not entirely typical of Dicyma states of Ascotricha species as_ described by Hawksworth (1971) and von Arx (1982) on account of the absence of sterile ampulliform cells on the conidiophores. Of the known species of Dicyma (von Arx, 1982; Guarro and Calvo, 1983), D. pulvinata (Berk. et Curt.) von Arx (=Hansfordia pulvinata (Berk. et Curt.) Hughes) is most close to our fungus. Dicyma pulvinata differs from the fungus in having long, slender conidiophores with a_ well-developed branching system, conidiogenous cells with a very short rachis and somewhat larger conidia (Hughes, 1951; Tubaki, 1958; Ellis, 1971; Matsushima, 1975; von Arx, 1981). We are grateful to Dr. Cannon, CAB _ International Mycological Institute, for his critical reading of the manuscript. Literature cited Ames, L.M. 1961 [1963]. A monograph of the Chaetomiaceae. Us SwvAnny: Res. “Dev; Ser. 2. 125p. Arx, J.A. von. 1981. The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture, 3rd ed. J. Cramer, Vaduz. 424p. Arx, J.A. von. 1982. The genus Dicyma, its synonyms and related fungi. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. v. Wet., Amsterdam, SeriC. $5: 21-28 Ellis, M.B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. 608p. Eriksson, O.E. and Hawksworth, D.L. 1991. Outline of the Ascomycetes 1990. Syst. Ascomycet., 9: 39-271. Guarro, J. and Calvo, M.A. 1983. Dicyma funiculosa sp.nov. from Spain. Nova Hedwigia, 37: 641-649. Hanlin, R.T. 1990. Illustrated genera of Ascomycetes. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota. 263p. Hawksworth, D.L. 1971. A _ revision of the genus Ascotricha Berk. Commonwealth Mycological Institute Mycol. Pap., 126: 1-28. Hawksworth, D.L. and Wells, H. 1973. Ormamentation on the terminal hairs in Chaetomium Kunze ex Fr. and some allied genera. Commonwealth Mycological Institute Mycol. Pap., 134: 1-24. Hughes, S.J. 1951. Studies on micro-fungi. IX. Calcarisporium, Verticicladium and Hansfordia (Gen. Nov.). Commonwealth Mycological Institute Mycol. Pap., 43: 1-25. Khan, R.S. and Cain, R.F. 1977. The occurrence of amyloid plugs in the asci of Ascotricha erinacea. Mycotaxon, 5: 409- 414. 80 Kornerup, A. and Wanscher, J.H. 1978. Methuen handbook of colours, 3rd ed. Eyre Methuen, London. 252p. Kulshreshtha, D.D., Raychaudhuri, S.P. and Khan, A.M. 1977. Studies on some soil fungi associated with maize (Zea mays L.) 1. Three new Ascomycetes. Acta Bot. Indica, 5: 16-19. Malloch, D. and Rogerson, C.T. 1977. Pulveria, a new genus of Xylariaceae (Ascomycetes). Can. J. Bot., 55: 1505-1509. Matsushima, T. 1975. Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Kobe, Japan. 209p. + 415 pl. Rayner, R.W. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. Tubaki, K. 1958. Studies on the Japanese Hyphomycetes. V. Leaf & stem group with a discussion of the classification of Hyphomycetes and their perfect stages. J. Hattori Bot. Lab., 20: 142-244. Valldosera, M. and Guarro, J. 1988. Some _ coprophilous Ascomycetes from Chile. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc., 90: 601- 605. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 81-88 January-March 1994 TALAROMYCES SPECTABILIS, A NEW SPECIES OF FOOD-BORNE ASCOMYCETES Shun—ichi UDAGAWA' and Shoji SUZUKI“ 1 Nodai Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya- ku, Tokyo 156, Japan 2 Japan Food Research Laboratories, 52-1 Motoyoyogi-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151, Japan ABSTRACT A new species of Talaromyces with a Pae- cilomyces anamorph, T. spectabilis Udagawa et S. Suzuki, isolated from heat processed fruit beverage in Japan as a contaminant and from road-side soil in Nepal, is described and il- lustrated. The fungus is characterized by fast growing, olivaceous brown colonies,white ascomata, large, almost smooth-walled, ellip- soidal ascospores, repeatedly branched coni- diophores and cylindrical to ovoidal conidia. A variety of heat resistant fungi are often found in spoilage of fruit juices and other heat processed beverages. The contamination of these products is gener- ally caused by members of soil-borne ascomycetes such as Byssochlamys, Eupenicillium, Hamigera, Neosartorya and Talaromyces (Samson, 1989; Samson et al., 1992). During a survey of mold spoilage of commercial beverages in our laboratory, a number of heat resistant fungi were isolated. Among these is a cleistothecial ascomycete belonging to Talaromyces C, R. Benjamin (Stolk and Samson, 1972). Based on the presence of a Paecilomyces anamorph and its thermotolerant growth, it is classified in the section Emersonii (Stolk and Samson, 1972) of the genus but is clearly distinct from the two related spe- cies described hitherto. A description of the fungus is provided herein and a new name is proposed for it. 82 Talaromyces spectabilis Udagawa et S. Suzuki, sp.nov. PLS cts Coloniae in agaro '"Czapek-yeast extract (CYA)" effusae, velutinae vel funiculosae, planae sed in centro rugosae et sulcatae, ex mycelio basali coacto tenuiter constantes, olivaceo-brunneae-_—ive | viridi-olivaceae; ascomata nulla vel limitata; conidiogenesis profusa; reversum griseo-flavum vel olivaceo-bubalinum. Coloniae in agaro maltoso (MEA) effusae, velutinae vel funiculosae, planae, ex mycelio basali coacto tenuiter constantes, olivaceo-brunneae vel melleae vel viridi-olivaceae; ascomata tarde producentia sed abundantia, alba; conidio- genesis conferta; reversum incoloratum vel brunneo-auran- tiacum vel melleum. Coloniae in agaro farinae avenaceae effusae, velutinae vel plus minusve funiculosae, planae, ex mycelio basali coacto tenuiter constantes, olivaceo- brunneae vel viridi-olivaceae; ascomata tarde producentia, alba; conidiogenesis profusa; reversum dilute flavum vel primulinum. Ascomata discreta vel interdum confluentia, non- ostiolata, tarde maturescentia, alba, globosa vel subglo- bosa, 100-350(-480) um diam, mollia, mycelio laxo stricto vel sinuoso stramineo incrustato obtecta; paries ex hyphis hyalinis vel dilute flavis ramosis septatis varie asperatis intricatis compositus. Asci. singulariter formantes, (4-)8-spori, subglobosi vel late ovoidei vel pyriformes, 10-14 x 10-12 um, brevistipitati, evanes-— centes. Ascosporae postremo stramineae, ellipsoideae, 5.5-7(-9) x 4-5.5 um, fere leves et incrassatae. Status anamorphus: Paecilomyces spectabilis. Ubiquinona principalia: Q-9 et Q-10. Holotypus SUM 3030, colonia exiccata in cultura ex potione pomo, Tokyo, in Japonia, xi.1992, a S. Suzuki isolata et ea collectione fungorum, Musei et Instituti Historiae Naturalis Chiba (CBM) conservata. Etymology: from Latin, spectabilis=remarkable, refer- ring to the wide-spread growth on common media. Anamorphosis: Paecilomyces spectabilis Udagawa et S. Suzu- ki, anam.nov. Conidiophora ex mycelio basali vel hyphis aeriis oriunda; stipites hyalini, 25-240 x 4-6(-8) um, leves sed inferne manifesto asperati, septati. Penicilli complexi, verticillati vel irregulatim ramosi, saepe divergentes, interdum biverticillati vel monoverticillati. Rami 7-35 x 2.5-5(-7) um. Metulae 2-4 verticillatae, 8-10 x 2.5-3(-6) um. Phialides 2-8 verticillatae, 10-30 x 1.5-4 um. Conidia hyalina vel dilute flavo-brunnea, levia, pri- Wt ? = Vy U YF 7 ies () \ Gr Figure 1. Talaromyces spectabilis, SUM 3030. A. Asci. 8. Ascospores. . Ascomatal initials. D. Conidiophor idiogenous cells. E. Conidia. F, Chlamydospo UDAGAWA & SUZUKI 84 mum cylindracea, 4-7 x 1.5-2(-3) um, utrinque saepe trun- cata, postremo ovoidea vel ellipsoidea, 4-10 x 2-/ um, in catenis laxe columnaribus vel implicatis connexa. Status teleomorphus: Talaromyces spectabilis. Holotypus SUM 3030, loc. cit. Colonies on Czapek agar growing rapidly, attaining a diameter of 38-52 mm within 7 days at 25°C, velvety to more or less funiculose, plane, consisting of a thin basal felt, Olive Brown (M. 4D6, after Kornerup and Wanscher, 1978) or Honey to Citrine (Rayner, 1970); ascomata usually absent; conidiogenesis profuse; odor musty; reverse Greyish Yellow (M. 4C3) or Olivaceous Buff (R). Colonies on CYA growing rapidly, attaining a diameter of 65-75 mm within 7 days at 25°C, velvety to funiculose, plane but centrally wrinkled and sulcate, consisting of a thin basal felt, Olive Brown (M. 4E6) or Greenish Olivaceous (R); margins broad and submerged; ascomata absent or limited; conidiogenesis profuse; exudate limited, clear; odor strongly musty; reverse Greyish Yellow (M. 4C4) or Olivaceous Buff (R). Colonies on MEA spreading broadly, attaining a diameter of /4- 85 mm or more within 7 days at 25°C, velvety to funicu- lose, plane, consisting of a very thin basal felt, Olive Brown (M. 4D5-E4) or Honey to Greenish Olivaceous (R), with surface becoming dense-textured due to conidial growth; margins broad and thin; ascomata slowly develop- ing in an uneven layer beneath the conidial growth, numerous in number, white; odor musty; reverse uncolored to Brownish Orange (M. 5C4) or Honey (R). Colonies on oatmeal agar spreading broadly, attaining a diameter of 68 mm or more within 7 days at 25°C, velvety to more or less funiculose, plane, consisting of a thin basal felt, Olive Brown (M. 4E4) or Greenish Olivaceous (R); ascomata slowly developing on the felt, white; conidio- genesis profuse; reverse Pale Yellow (M. 1A3) or Primrose (R). Colonies on cornmeal agar growing rapidly, attain- ing a diameter of 60-62 mm within 7 days at 25°C, plane, thin, vegetative mycelium submerged, with surface bearing scattered conidia, Olive Brown (M. 4D5) or Honey (R); ascomata limited; reverse uncolored. Ascomata discrete or sometimes confluent, non-ostio- late, maturing slowly within 30 days, white, globose to subglobose, 100-350(-480) um in diam, soft, loosely covered by straight or sinuous, straw-colored, encrusted hyphae; ascomatal wall rather rudimentary, consisting of a loose network of hyaline to light yellow, branched, septate, often constricted at the septum, variously (INAGAWA & SIIZIIKT y) Figure 2. Talaromyces spectabilis, SUM 3030. A. Asci. B. Ascospores. C, D. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. E. Conidiogenous Geblise inh: Conidia. Scale bars for A, B, E, F=10 um and for Gacv=220'"uim, 85 86 roughened, interwoven hyphae measuring 2-4 um in diam. Ascomatal initials arising as coiled or contorted side branches of aerial hyphae, soon becoming surrounded by hyphae arising from the neighboring cells. Asci borne singly from fertile hyphae, (4-)8-spored, subglo- bose to broadly ovoidal or pyriform, 10-14 x 10-12 um, short-stipitate, evanescent. Ascospores' straw-colored at maturity, ellipsoidal, 5.5-7(-9) x 4-5.5 um, more or less roughened when young, almost smooth and thick-walled, without ridges. Conidiophores arising from the basal mycelium or aerial hyphae; stipes hyaline, 25-240 x 4-6(-8) um, smooth- walled but distinctly roughened in lower part, septate, sometimes swollen at the septum. Penicilli (conidiogen- ous cells) complex, consisting of a dense whorl of verticillately or irregularly arranged, often divaricate branches, sometimes biverticillate or monoverticil late. Rami variable and often arranged at different levels, divergent, sometimes recurved, 7-35 x 2.5-5(-7) um. Metu- lae not readily distinguishable from the uppermost rami, 2-4 in the verticil, 8-10 x 2.5-3(-6) um. Phialides 2-8 in the verticil, 10-30 x 1.5-4 um, consisting of a cylind- rical basal portion, tapering abruptly to a long distinct neck, smooth-walled. Conidia hyaline to pale yellow- brown, smooth-walled, variable in shape, cylindrical, 4-7 x 1.5-2(-3) um, with both ends truncated, becoming ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 4-10 x 2-/ um, borne in loosely columnar or disordered, long chains up to 200-300 um long or more. Chlamydospores present, brown, globose or pyri- form, 5.5-10 um in diam, smooth and thick-walled, either terminal or intercalary. Racquet mycelium. present, swollen near the septum up to 10-12 um in diam. Mycelium consisting of hyaline or brown, branched, often thick- walled, smooth or roughened, septate, 1.5-/.5 um wide hyphae. Main ubiquinones: Q-9 + Q-10. At- 37°C. growths: slightly faster. Specimens examined: SUM 3030 (holotype), in dried culture isolated from heat processed fruit beverage as a contaminant, Tokyo, Japan, November 1992, col. S. Suzuki; and SUM 3031, in dried culture isolated from road-side soil, Ring Road, Kathmandu, Nepal, 30 September 1986, col. S. Udagawa. The holotype has been deposited with the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan (CBM). Talaromyces spectabilis is distinctive in several respects. There is some superficial similarity between 87 "(L66L) “LY FO LYSLeuny woud e7eQ x op Se eee Se SS eee ee x(“H)OL-D,+ OL-O x0L-0 4O ("H)OL-O Ol-0 + 6-0 auoulnbt gy ads aes ot aed = i-Caes0 SV GG adh Oe *LBpLoao ‘| @pLOAo ‘pepLosdt| Le Greco “oear She lee By nes 0} LeoLupuLlAy ‘1 edLtupuLLAy *;eoLtupul [Ay (un) eLpLuoy Gaco% Oct 091 G*9-£ X S9¢-0¢ Gap= = Orcaic “yu OOUS ‘uqooug §=*squed wamo, ul Yybnoy (wri) seauoydoLpLuoy E-C etre Va ean ee G-S-V 2 65543 *sobpLu YYLM ‘uyoous A, ueau ‘ujyoous A, aeau *;epLosdt{[q ‘1 ePLOAO OF 2SOQO|4H ‘;epLosdl|[q (wr) sauodsoosy 09 209m > EMOL cA OOL-Ov “US!PPSX O8v-OOL *29!4M (url) eqewoosy MO, [aA YSLAaug pay Leysed UMOUg SALLO (WaW) 4Oloo Auolo) C35 Sissel) wu 7— | oUON wu G/-G9 VAD eUOoUTMO2) snueq .aheT ° saepropAwepTys0sshq ° I, STTIqeq0eds °*I yduoweue saskwoTTIeed © YYLM sookuoreTey JO Saroads ay} JO SuazoeueyD [el Us49}j1Q] 2 eo Ce 88 two described species of the genus, viz. T. byssochlamyd- oides Stolk et Samson and T. leycettanus Evans et Stolk in their thermo-resistant property and in the associated Paecilomyces anamorphs (Evans and Stolk, 1971; Stolk and Samson, 1972; Samson, 1974). From both species, Ty spectabilis differs in having much larger ascospores as well as in other several characters shown in Table 1. The Paecilomyces anamorph of T. spectabilis can be dis- tinguished from Paecilomyces variotii Bainier (Samson, 19 74) in having larger conidium-bearing structures and longer cylindrical conidia. The ubiquinone system of P. variotii was determined as only Q-9 or Q-10 by Kuraishi et al. (1985). This also supports a specific separation of P. variotii from the anamorph of the new species. Acknowledgement: We thank Prof. R.T. Hanlin of the Univ- ercity of Georgia for reviewing this paper. Literature cited Evans, H.C. and Stolk, A.C. 1971. Talaromyces leycettanus sp.nov. lpanss core imycol.) (Soceg, 565. 45-49. Kornerup, A. and Wanscher, J.H. 1978. "Methuen handbook of colour," 3rd ed. Eyre Methuen, London. 252p. Kuraishi, H., Katayama-Fujimura, Y., Sugiyama, J., and Yokoyama, T. 1985. Ubiquinone systems in fungi. I. Distribution of ubiquinones in the major families of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and deuteromycetes, and their taxonomic implications. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan, 26%) 383-395: Kuraishi, H., Aoki, M., Itoh, M., Katayama, Y., Sugiyama, J. and wPT bovis 99 lee wDistribution ofeub duds nones in Penicillium and related genera.Mycol. Res., 95: 705-711. Rayner, R.W. 1970. "A mycological colour chart." Common- wealth Mycological Institute, Kew. Samson, R.A. 1974. '"Paecilomyces and some allied Hypho- mycetes.'' Studies in Mycology No. 6. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn. 119p. Samson, R.A. 1989. Filamentous fungi in food and feed. J. “Apple Bacteriol. Syme) Suipp te) 67 82/7 S-655. Samson; R. AvyeHocking, “A.D, «Pitt, d7 10s andi Kings AsU: (ed.). 1992. "Modern methods in food mycology." Elsevier, Amsterdam. 388p. Stolk, A.C. and Samson, R.A. 1972. "Studies on Talaromy- ces and related genera II. The genus Talaromyces." Studies in Mycology No. 2. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn. 56p. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 89-92 January-March 1994 NOTES ON THE GENUS MONOICOMYCES (LABOULBENIALES, ASCOMYCOTINA): ON THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY SPEGAZZINI SERGIO SANTAMARIA Unitat de Botanica. Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia. Facultat de Ciéncies. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. 08193-Bellaterra (Barcelona). Spain. ABSTRACT In order to clear up the taxonomic status of Monoicomyces ternatus, Monoicomyces unilateralis and Monoicomyces venetus their types have been studied. M. ternatus and M. unilateralis are here proposed as new synonyms for Monoicomyces homalotae. M. venetus is retained as a separate species. Spegazzini described six species of Monoicomyces: M. infuscatus Speg. on Gyrohypnus bonariensis Gemm. & Har. (=G. gracilis, as Xantholinus gracilis Boh.) from Argentina (Spegazzini, 1912); M. affinis Speg. on an undetermined staphylinid from Italy; M. ternatus Speg. on a mycophilous staphylinid from Italy; M. unilateralis on an undetermined staphylinid from Italy; M. venetus Speg. on an undetermined staphylinid from Italy (Spegazzini, 1915); and M. ocaleae Speg. on Ocalea funebris Lynch from Argentina (Spegazzini, 1917). Monoicomyces affinis was included as synonymous with Monoicomyces invisibilis Thaxt. by Thaxter (1931) and this disposition has been subsequently accepted by all the authors who mention M. invisibilis. Monoicomyces ocaleae is a synonym of Monoicomyces caloderae Thaxt. according to Thaxter (1931). I have studied the type of M. ocaleae, and my own observations are in full agreement with this opinion. Monoicomyces infuscatus is a well defined species strictly parasitic on Xantholinini staphylinids. However, the chief purpose of this note is to comment on the other three species described by Spegazzini: M. ternatus, M. unilateralis and M. venetus. These three species were described in the same work (Spegazzini, 1915) and no further records have been added. To clear up the taxonomic status of these species I requested the Institute of Botany "C. Spegazzini" in La Plata, Argentina, to lend me their types for examination. Monoicomyces ternatus Spegazzini, Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 27: 67 (1915) The slide examined is labelled as follows: "STAFILINO MICOFILO / CONEGLIANO / 90 XI-1914 / LPS 45061 / SINTIPO". This slide only contains one mature specimen (fig. 1). According to the description of Spegazzini the most reliable characteristics of this species were the long secondary appendages with clavate cells. As in M. unilateralis and M. venetus, their descriptions are too brief and the drawings not very clear. My observations suggest that M. ternatus is a form of M. homalotae, accepted as a variable and rather polymorphic species. The primary appendage appears to be broken above its second cell. The two basal cells of the primary appendage are deeply brown-pigmented and are separated by a pale septum, as is typical in M. homalotae. The antheridial and perithecial features are not distinct from those included in the wide range of characters of M. homalotae. Therefore, because of the absence of any outstanding characteristic, I concluded that M. ternatus should be a synonym of M. homalotae. Monoicomyces unilateralis Spegazzini, Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 27: 68 (1915) The slide examined is labelled as follows: "ATHETA ? ... MICOFILA / CONEGLIANO / 1X-1914 / LPS 45087 / Tipo". This slide contains 13 immature or nearly mature specimens (figs. 2-4). Like M. ternatus, this species was considered to be related to Monoicomyces britannicus Thaxt. by Spegazzini. The most important characteristics were those of the primary appendage and the absence of secondary appendages on the antheridium. Undoubtedly, the specimens seen belong in M. homalotae, a species often confused with M. britannicus (Santamaria, 1989). Specimens of M. unilateralis have characteristics that are very typical in M. homalotae: there is a heart-shaped cell I and the base of the primary appendage is deeply brown-pigmented with a characteristic pale ring between the two basal cells. The secondary appendages may be present or be inconspicuous (unicellular) in M. homalotae, this character being very variable. The supposed “unilaterality" of the thallus in this species is not consistent, and normal, bilaterally symmetric thalli are abundant among the specimens included on the type slide (fig. 4). Therefore, I conclude that M. unilateralis should be regarded as a synonym of M. homalotae. Monoicomyces venetus Spegazzini, Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 27: 69 (1915) The slide examined is labelled as follows: "IN CAPITE STAFILIN ... / CONEGLIANO / VII-1913 / LPS 45062 / Tipo". This slide contains only one mature specimen (fig. 5). This species is very different from the other two herein studied. Monoicomyces venetus seems to be a well distinguished species: primary appendage unbranched, short, and amber-coloured as in the remainder of the thallus; perithecium with the outer walls arranged in spiral rows; base of the perithecial stalk cell dark and constricted. Therefore, this species may be Fig. 1. Monoicomyces ternatus (LPS:45061). Sintype. Figs. 2-4. Monoicomyces unilateralis (LPS-45087). Type specimens. Fig. 5. Monoicomyces venetus (LPS:45062). Type specimen. (Scale bars = 50 um. Scale bar in fig. 2 is the same for the figs. 3, 4 and S.) 91 92 retained as a separate species. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Angélica Arambarri (director of “Instituto de Botanica C. Spegazzini") for the loan of Spegazzini types, and to I. Tavares for critical reading of the manuscript. REFERENCES Santamaria, S. 1989. El orden Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina) en la Peninsula Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Edicions especials de la Societat Catalana de Micologia. Vol. 3. 396 Pp. Esplugues de Llobregat. Spegazzini, C. 1912. Contribucién al estudio de las Laboulbeniomicetas argentinas. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 23: 167-244. Spegazzini, C. 1915. Segunda contribucién al conocimiento de las Laboulbeniales italianas. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 27: 37-74. Spegazzini, C. 1917. Revisién de las Laboulbeniales argentinas. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 29: 445-688. Thaxter, R. 1931. Contribution towards a monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae. Part V. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 16: 1-435. MYCOTAXON Volume L, pp. 93-98 January-March 1994 OBSERVATIONS ON PSEUDOTRACYLLA SPECIES L. M. CARRIS Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University Pullman, Washington 99164-6430 ABSTRACT Pycnothyrial formation and sporulation in Pseudotracylla dentata is described from a collection on dead leaves of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) from a cultivated bog in Massachusetts. This is the first report of P. dentata since its description in 1976 on Eucalyptus leaves in Brazil. The geographic range of P. fa/cata, described in 1992 from dead cranberry leaves in Massachusetts and New Jersey, is expanded with the discovery of the fungus on dead leaves from two cranberry bogs in Wisconsin. Key Words: cranberry microfungi, Pseudotracylla dentata, Pseudotracylla falcata, pycnothyrium, Vaccinium macrocarpon The pycnothyrial genus Pseudotracylla Sutton & Hodges (1976) was based on a single collection of Euca/yptus citriodora Hook. leaves from Brazil. Pseudotracylla dentata Sutton & Hodges, the type species, is characterized by fusiform conidia and a dentate margin on the upper pycnothyrial wall. Pseudotracylla remained monotypic until Carris (1992) described P. falcata Carris from dead leaves and decayed fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. (cranberry) from Massachusetts and New Jersey. Pseudotracylla falcata differs from P. dentata in having a smooth margin on the upper pycnothyrial wall and distinctly falcate conidia. An unusual type of conidiomatal development was described in P. falcata in which a central, flattened, lobed cell expands outward, forming septa that delimit individual cells. This single layer of cells eventually forms both the upper and lower walls of the pycnothyrium. The limited amount of material in the type collection of P. dentata precluded a precise description of conidiomatal development in that species. Recently, P. dentata was found on dead cranberry leaves from a commercial cranberry bog in Massachusetts. The fungus was established in pure culture in order to compare sporulation with that observed in P. fa/cata. Pycnothyria on 94 cranberry leaves were fixed and sectioned to compare conidiomatal structure with the earlier report on P. falcata (Carris, 1992). MATERIALS & METHODS Leaves of V. macrocarpon were collected from piles of debris in cultivated bogs in Massachusetts and Wisconsin during October and November, 1990 and 1991. Leaf samples were stored in plastic bags at 5 C for up to three months. Production of conidia was stimulated by placing leaves with pycnothyria in a moist chamber for one or more weeks. Conidia were streaked onto Difco Bacto-agar and subcultures made from single, germinating conidia. Isolates were grown in 9-cm diam plastic Petri dishes on Difco corn meal agar (CMA) under artificial light and temperature (20-25 C). Conidiomata were fixed and sectioned at 8 ym as previously described (Carris, 1992). Cultures were deposited in ATCC, CBS and IMI, and dried specimens were deposited in IMI and WSP. RESULTS Pseudotracylla dentata was found in leaf debris samples from one of 24 cultivated cranberry beds surveyed in Massachusetts. Pseudotracylla falcata also was present in this sample. Pycnothyria of one or both species of Pseudotracylla were found on 70% of the leaves examined. Pseudotracylla falcata was present on 56% of the colonized leaves, P. dentata on 22%, and pycnothyria of both species were present on the remaining 22% of the colonized leaves. Pseudotracylla falcata was found in leaf debris samples from two of twelve cultivated cranberry beds sampled in Wisconsin, expanding the known geographical range of this fungus. Pseudotracylla dentata was not found in any of the Wisconsin samples. Neither species has been found in cultivated cranberry bogs in Oregon and Washington. The Massachusetts cranberry isolate of P. dentata agrees with the published description (Sutton and Hodges, 1976) and type material (IMI 196483k). The Wisconsin isolates of P. falcata were indistinguishable from the holotype (WSP 69554) and other isolates from Massachusetts and New Jersey. The reader is referred to Carris (1992) for a description of this fungus on host tissue and in culture. A description of P. dentata on host material and in culture follows. Conidiomata on host tissue 48-132 ym diam, formed singly or coalescing on lower leaf surface. Conidiomata superficial, attached to the leaf by a single, narrow hypha penetrating the host epidermis. Conidioma composed of septate upper wall connected to lower, membranous wall by central columella (Fig. 1). Upper wall of conidioma (Figs. 2, 4) dark reddish brown, composed of one central, globose-angular cell (= columella) 6.2-8.8 x 5.3-7.9 ym diam; columella surrounded by 2-3 95 irregular rows of smaller globose-angular cells (= conidiogenous cells) 4.4-5.3 x 2.6-4.4 um; these cells merging into outwardly radiating, square to rectangular cells (2.6-5.3 x 1.8-3.5 wm); terminating in a dentate margin. Lower wall dark brown, membranous, composed of radial rows of sparsely septate cells 1.8-3.5 wm diam (Fig. 3). One-week-old colony on CMA 10-12 mm diam, with sparse, hyaline, mostly submerged hyphae 2.7-6.3 wm diam, with numerous clusters of dark cells submerged and on surface of agar (Fig. 5); clusters formed on surface of agar developing radiating, white aerial hyphae (Fig. 6). Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic-phialidic, of two types: first type hyaline, ampulliform to cylindrical, walls smooth, 6.3-13.5 x 2.6-4.1 ym, with prominent, cylindrical collarettes 1.8-3.5 wm deep and 2.6-3.5 wm wide, occasionally with percurrent proliferation resulting in annellations, formed singly or on branched conidiophores (Figs. 8, 9); second type dark brown, globose to ampulliform, becoming lobed, walls roughened, 5.3-8.8 x 4.4-7.9 ym, with inconspicuous collarettes, formed in clusters up to 850 um diam (Fig. 10). Conidiogenous cells developing into clusters of lobed cells which form either irregular masses, or radiating shield-like structures reminiscent of upper wall of pycnothyrium. Similar conidia produced by both types of conidiogenous cells: hyaline, smooth, aseptate, fusiform, apex tapered, base truncate, with inconspicuous gelatinous appendage, 10.6-12.3 x 2.6-4.1 wm (Fig. 7), formed abundantly and accumulating in gloeoid mass around conidiogenous cells, germinating readily via single germ tube. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pseudotracylla dentata, on leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora, Brazil, Paulista, Pernambuco, 30-VI-1975 (HOLOTYPE: IMI 196483K); on leaves of Vaccinium macrocarpon, Massachusetts, Plymouth County, South Carver, Wankinquoah Bog, 10-X-1990, F. Caruso (WSP 69558; IMI 352172). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pseudotracylla falcata, on leaves and decayed fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon, Wisconsin, Monroe County, Potter Cranberry Company, 7-XI-1991, S. N. Jeffers (WSP 69586); Russell Rezin & Sons, Inc., 7-XI-1991, S. N. Jeffers (WSP 69587). Colonies of P. dentata are white and composed of hyaline mycelium, whereas those of P. fa/cata are composed of dark brown mycelium. Both species produce clusters of dark brown conidiogenous cells, although the cells forming in cultures of P. dentata are mostly lobed, and in P. falcata are globose. The hyaline conidiogenous cells with prominent collarettes which were common in P. dentata cultures were not observed in P. falcata. Growth rate of P. falcata colonies was approximately twice that of P. dentata. When the two species were 96 i, paired in culture, mycelium of P. fa/cata would eventually grow completely around the slower growing colony of P. dentata without overgrowing mycelium of the latter species. DISCUSSION Examination of the P. dentata isolates on cranberry leaves substantiates the previous description of pycnothyrial structure in Pseudotracylla which was based primarily on P. fa/cata (Carris, 1992). In their original description of P. dentata, Sutton and Hodges (1976) had described the upper pycnothyrial wall as sparsely septate and the lower wall as composed of pseudoparenchyma. Hyphae composing the upper wall of mature pycnothyria of P. dentata examined in this study were regularly septate, whereas the lower wall was sparsely septate and membranous. The membranous nature and sparse septation of the lower wall (Fig. 4) suggest that it separated from the upper wall during an early stage of pycnothyrial development when the upper wall was still expanding. The conidia produced in culture by the two types of conidiogenous cells in P. dentata are indistinguishable. In contrast, the conidia of P. falcata are only formed in culture from aggregations of dark, thick-walled conidiogenous cells (Carris, 1992). The aggregates of conidiogenous cells in Pseudotracylla species presumably represent an early stage in pycnothyrial formation, although fully-developed pycnothyria are rarely formed in agar culture. It is possible that pycnothyria develop in response to contact with a specific type of surface, such as the leaf cuticle. Pseudotracylla dentata is similar to Tubakia species in culture; both form conidiogenous cells in aggregations and singly on hyphae (Glawe and Crane, 1987). Munkvold and Neely (1991) questioned the Figs. 1-10. Pseudotracylla dentata. 1. Two mature pycnothyria grown together on leaf, longitudinal section (8 wm thick). Arrows indicate columellae. X 800. 2. Upper wall of pycnothyrium, treated with NaOCl. X 320. 3. Lower wall of pycnothyrium. X 640. 4. Upper wall of developing pycnothyrium. X 640. 5. 11-da-old colony on corn meal agar. X 5. 6. Clusters of dark conidiogenous cells produced on surface and submerged in agar, 11-da-old colony on corn meal agar. X 19. 7. Conidia produced in culture. Arrow indicates gelatinous sheath at base of conidium. X 1350. 8, 9. Hyaline conidiogenous cells produced in culture. X 1350. 10. Clusters of dark conidiogenous cells produced in culture. X 1350. 98 placement of these types of fungi in the Coelomycetes since their conidiomata are not true pycnidia or acervuli, and they grow like Hyphomycetes in culture. This report of P. dentata on cranberry leaf debris in Massachusetts is notable in several regards. First, it is only the second time the fungus has been found, and the first time it has been cultured. Secondly, the occurrence of both known species of Pseudotracylla on cranberry, at the same site, and indeed, on the same leaf, suggests some type of host or habitat preference in the genus. However, as was previously noted, the type collection of P. dentata is from Eucalyptus leaves in Brazil. The existence of any similarity between the Brazil and Massachusetts habitats and the Euca/yptus and Vaccinium hosts is not obvious. Disparate host and geographical records such as this may be more due to the inconspicuous nature of the fungi and our lack of knowledge on them rather than to the actual distribution of species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PPNS 0161, College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center Project 0837, Washington State University, Pullman. | thank Drs. Brenda Callan, Dean Glawe and Jack Rogers for manuscript review, Drs. Frank Caruso and Steven Jeffers for providing leaf samples, and Peter Gray for technical assistance. LITERATURE CITED Carris, L. M. 1992. Vaccinium fungi: Pseudotracylla falcata sp. nov. Mycologia 84:534-540. Glawe, D. A. and J. L. Crane. 1987. Illinois fungi. XIIl. Tubakia dryina. Mycotaxon 29: 101-112. Munkvold, G. P. and D. Neely. 1991. Development of 7ubakia dryina on host tissue. Canad. J. Bot. 69: 1865-1871. Sutton, B. C. and C. S. Hodges Jr. 1976. Eucalyptus microfungi: Mycoleptodiscus species and Pseudotracylla gen. nov. Nova Hedwigia 27: 693-700. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 99-105 January-March 1994 ACAULOSPORA EXCAVATA SP. NOV. - AN ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS FROM COTE D'IVOIRE K. INGLEBY C. WALKER? & P.A. MASON' "Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland, U.K. EH26 0QB *Forestry Commission, The Forestry Authority, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, U.K. EH25 9SY SUMMARY A newly discovered endomycorrhizal fungus, Aucaulospora excavata, is described and illustrated. INTRODUCTION As part of a study of spore populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Céte d'Ivoire (Wilson et a/. 1992), soil samples were collected from beneath Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels and T. ivorensis A. Chev. in the Mopri Forest Reserve, in October 1990. Among the spore types extracted was a previously undescribed member of the genus Acaulospora Gerdemann and Trappe. This fungus is described herein as Acaulospora excavata sp. nov. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spores were extracted from soil by sucrose centrifugation (Walker et a/. 1982) and suspended in water for initial examination under a dissecting microscope (x 6-50). Illumination was by incident light from an quartz-iodine fibre-optic source with a colour temperature of 3200°K. Spore colour was described from freshly extracted spores suspended in water in plastic Petri dishes and illuminated by the same light source used for examining the spores. Colour was determined by comparison with a standard colour chart (Anon. 1969), the numbers following the colour descriptions refer to those given in the colour chart. Colour matching of structures viewed with transmitted light under a compound microscope was more difficult than with a dissecting microscope, so for such observations colours (for example, of individual walls in the description) were not precisely matched to a chart, and only generalised colour descriptions are used (Walker et al. 1993). 100 Specimens were mounted in polyvinyl alcohol lacto-glycerol (PVLG) (Koske & Tessier 1983) or distilled water (Spain 1990) with or without Melzer's reagent (Morton 1986a) for further study under a compound microscope (x 150-1500) with brightfield and Nomarski differential interference contrast illumination. Wall structures were described using the standardized terminology and murographs of Walker (1983) and Morton (1986b). So far, attempts to establish this species in pot culture have failed. ACAULOSPORA EXCAVATA Ingleby and Walker sp. nov. (Figs 1 & 2) Sporae singillatim in terra enatae, lateraliter gestae in sacculo sporifero, pallide ochraceae, ochraceae vel aurantiae, globosae vel subglobosae, 115- 200 x 100-165 wm. Sporarum tunicae 3 in turmis tribus: Turma A cum tunica singula, colorata, 8-11 “wm crassa, foveis interdum leviter angularibus, 4-20 x 4-16 um in diam et 2-6 um profundis; turma B cum tunica singula, hyalina, membranacea, 0.5-1.0 um crassa; turma C cum tunica singula, amorpha, baccata, 1-2.5 ym crassa, in solutione Melzeri carnea vel purpurea. SPORES borne singly in the soil laterally on the neck of a hyaline sporiferous saccule that collapses after the spores mature; spores pale ochraceous (6) to ochre (9) to orange (48); globose to subglobose, 115-200 x 100-165 ym. SACCULE neck at point of attachment to the spore 9-19 um in diameter with walls 1-2 um thick (Figs. 1A, 1B). Dimensions of saccule not determined. WALL GROUP A ofa single, pale yellow, laminated wall, 8-11 um thick, not reacting to Melzer's reagent. Outer surface ornamented by circular to subcircular to elliptical pits, 4-20 x 4-16 zm in diameter and 2-6 um in depth sometimes with a slightly angular outline (Figs. 1C, 1D). These pits appear flat-bottomed with the basal area 3-15 x 3-12 um in diameter (Fig. 1C, arrowed). Pits adjacent or up to 9 um apart. Fig. 1. Light photomicrographs of spores of Aucaulospora excavata. A. Saccule neck still attached to spore. B. Saccule scar. Note the smaller pits immediately surrounding the scar. C. Surface view of ornamented outer wall showing pit size, shape and distribution. These pits are flat-bottomed and in some cases the basal perimeter is in focus (arrowed). D. A fractured spore showing the pits in cross-section. E. A fractured spore showing all three walls. Note the beaded inner wall 3 which has expanded in PVLG and the area where the beaded deposition is absent (arrowed). 1 10 102 SPORE WALL STRUCTURE of three walls (1-3) in three wall groups (A-C) (see Murograph Fig. 2). nN Ww Y j Y ] g Fig. 2 Murograph (after Walker 1983) of Acaulospora excavata. WALL GROUP B of a single, hyaline, membranous wall, 0.5-1.0 um thick, not reacting to Melzer's reagent (Fig. 15). WALL GROUP C of a single 'beaded', amorphous wall, 1-2 um thick (including beaded ornamentation on outer surface), which reacts strongly in Melzer's reagent turning pink or purple within minutes of crushing the spores. This wall is plastic in PVLG and, when crushed, may become up to 9 um thick (Fig. 1E). ETYMOLOGY: Latin excavata - referring to the appearance of the pits on the outer wall. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Known only from a single soil sample collected from the Mopri Forest Reserve. The sampling area was one of natural forest which had been manually cleared and burnt in 1989 before replanting with T. ivorensis. This disturbance had resulted in marked changes in soil chemistry with increases in pH (from 6.5 to 7.5), organic matter and available nutrients; at the sample point where A. excavata was found the pH was particularly high (8.2). Changes in vegetation also occurred after the clearance. In addition to planting with T. ivorensis the plot was rapidly colonised by a wide range of herbaceous species, most notably Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson. 103 MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS: Not known. Baiting out the species was attempted by both single-spore and multi-spore isolation and open-pot culture (Gilmore 1968) using Plantago lanceolata L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. as host plants. None of these attempts succeeded. HOLOTYPE: Cote d'Ivoire: South West of Tissale - Mopri Forest Reserve under Terminalia ivorensis, E; isotype OSC (Walker 1674. 30 X 90). DISCUSSION Spores of A. excavata possess a distinctly ornamented outer wall surface of densely crowded, flat-bottomed pits. Six other species of Acaulospora have been described so far which possess a distinctly pitted outer wall, namely Acaulospora foveata Trappe and Janos (Janos & Trappe 1982), A. cavernata Blaszkowski (Blaszkowski 1989), A. Jacunosa Morton (Morton 1986b), A. paulinae Blaszkowski (Blaszkowski 1988), A. undulata Sieverding (Sieverding 1988) and A. scrobiculata Trappe (Trappe 1977). Spores of A. foveata can be distinguished from A. excavata by their generally larger size (185-310 x 215-350 tm) and colour (yellow/brown to red/brown to black/brown). Spores of A. paulinae are smaller (60-95 um) and those of A. scrobiculata are a paler colour (hyaline to olive to brown) while those of A. undulata are both smaller (55-85 um) and are a paler colour (hyaline) than those of A. excavata. We have not been able to examine spores of A. cavernata , but from their description, they are similar in size and colour to those of A. excavata. From their descriptions, A. cavernata, A. lacunosa, A. paulinae and A. scrobiculata have smaller pits than A. excavata (always < 6 um diam compared with 4-20 x 4-16 um) and thinner outer walls (< 6 um thick compared with 8-11 um). Pits of A. lacunosa, A. paulinae and A. scrobiculata are also more widely spaced and irregularly shaped. Additionally spores of A. cavernata are described as having a second wall in wall group A and a coriaceous wall in wall group C while those of A. Jacunosa have a second wall in wall group B. Spores of A. undulata possess an even thinner ornamented wall (1-1.5 um thick) consisting of depressions separated by ridges 1 um wide. They are also described as having an outer evanescent wall, though examination of specimens from the type culture does not show this phenomenon. Although A. excavata and A. foveata have similar sized pits, the smaller spore size and more densely crowded pits of A. excavata combine to give the surface of the outer wall a completely different appearance to that of A. foveata. Wall group C of A. excavata is described as a single beaded wall, though it can appear as two walls in PVLG mounts. The depositions on the outer surface of this amorphous wall clearly do not constitute a distinct wall, though 104 in places they are so crowded as to seemingly form a separate layer. In other places, however, the beads may be absent, possibly due to detachment during crushing (Figure 1E, arrowed). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was funded by the UK Overseas Development Administration and the Commonwealth Development Corporation, and was contracted to ITE by the International Forest Science Consultancy. Work using imported soil was carried out under DAFS licence number IP/MISC/28/90 issued under the Plant Health (Great Britain) order 1987. We wish to thank Dr J.M. Trappe, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science for preparing the latin diagnosis and for his helpful review of the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED ANON, 1969. Flora of British fungi colour, identification chart. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, HMSO. BLASZKOWSKI, J. 1988. Three new vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fun4i (Endogonaceae) from Poland. Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci: Biol. Sci. 36: 271-275. BLASZKOWSKI, J. 1989. Acaulospora cavernata (Endogonales) - a new species from Poland with pitted spores. Crypt. Bot. 1: 204-207 GILMORE, A.E. 1968. Phycomycetous mycorrhizal organisms collected by open-pot culture methods. Hilgardia 39: 87-105. JANOS, D.P. & TRAPPE, J.M. 1982. New Acaulospora species from America. Mycotaxon 15: 515-522. JENKINS, W.R. 1964. A rapid centrifugal-flotation technique for separating nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Report 48: 692. KOSKE, R.E. & TESSIER, B. 1983. A convenient permanent slide mounting medium. Mycological Society of America's Newsletter, 34(2): 59. MORTON, J.B. 1986A. Effects of mountants and fixatives on wall structures and Melzer's reaction in spores of two Acaulospora species (Endogonaceae). Mycologia 78: 787- 794. MORTON, J.B. 1986B. Three new species of Acaulospora (Endogonaceae) from high aluminium, low pH soils in West Virginia. Mycologia 78: 641-648. SIEVERDING, E. 1988. Two new species of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Endogonaceae from tropical highlands of Africa. Agnew. Botanik 62: 373-380. SPAIN, J.L. 1990. Arguments for diagnoses based on unaltered wall structures. Mycotoxon 38: 71-76. TRAPPE, J.M. 1977. Three new Endogonaceae: G/omus constrictus, Sclerocystis clavispora and Acaulospora scrobiculata. Mycotaxon 6: 359-366. WALKER, C. 1983. Taxonomic concepts in the Endogonaceae: spore wall characteristics in species descriptions. Mycotaxon 18: 443-455. 105 WALKER, C., MIZE, C.W. & McNABB, H.S. 1982. Populations of of endogonaceous fungi at two locations in central lowa. Canadian Journal of Botany 60: 2518-2529. WALKER, C., GIANINAZZI-PEARSON, V. & MARION-ESPINASSE, H. 1993. Scutellospora castanea, a newly described arbuscular mycorrhizal species. Submitted to Cryptogamie. WILSON, J., INGLEBY, K., MASON, P.A., IBRAHIM, K.D. & LAWSON, G.J. 1992. Long-term changes in VA mycorrhizal spore populations in Terminalia plantations in Cote d'lvoire. In: Mycorrhizas in Ecosystems. D.J. Read, D.H. Lewis, A.H. Fitter and |.J. Alexander (Eds.) C.A.B. International, Wallingford, U.K. ry Ch AR BH he PE ck ting ya al ih PG ety ny Ee He i AN Aas it ‘ jp! 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TRANG a ea Wy it) : Rw 7 i s i i } Whine iy van “ \ ed i 1} +) th 1 i he) | AD Y CNAs ARTO R SY ny Rata it : Aten he he a } ‘¢, i Tas : ‘ ‘he i | i | A vi bony ( } } yy vi vit WAS Neat \ ui . My \ ity , We i wie j y i , } 1 ; AT nu ‘! i iy ‘4 t ; { . ni i ; } * | ( } = ue k ' Thi, Aly iA) j Pa i i ar at ie 4 ; , piel x} " i, . v , ] f yi! Ry we fi MeN VT i) y Thue it viyi : rate ee ih j ti Hi i 9 ( ve hey fe a ‘ait fii ee); rie a ; i At ee [ WO Ne ie We oat, jh'sh VAY ny f Na Wyo ei ry ¢ y ih at th j / Meat a a ny VR RLY A HR At Ute AM | i | 4 Te ¥ \ j 4 : Wr j i a! : | i att } y OP ae ee AY Muy Mv. "alt i My) tery ah) i Ky ai i ca es i" aii ey AP Wh byl } | : i ei wi Pst Ah \ dial Ni eae HARUM NECA Asi Sn A IARI Ne | Fl Hh ¥] wi. eo ce Ja PN st Hn ‘ ey hig ; Ta . Rant Us aa} RUN ae ; A A Ci i ny 7 a PIAA De ftia ; ; 4 Hh My ay) F Wee a sai h yi iw e Le nn yi Wh ’ i } I es ' { y Vy wy Vii vi l wi hi | Ga ih nA i a RvwiAntih Ss ‘ nent i yi a Wait | 1 Wi wy | i ; \e i it P| vA ¥ Np ; he dh ‘i Hy Hy ‘f Nhe wet th a ew hy Ve Wa it Phat Linge y Pals eR | | Paiehyy' Droekt ‘| i ie Ta abe EA ae } 4 Ke > ' a f sh ny a Mt ii} a ny th vise \) ne, i ‘ hie { wily a it i Fee A A 1 ai Mat hile aii. tl i) t i ; _f mite nk Bh aU f yaaa yh ) i is AE raat POON WEA hh Kem WRLC , i Mer T HEN \ Ge Taeao a Bonetti DAN ee Sirs aR Ha Ul eo paiiy Luh vi j Writ \ WT aaa a va (i a AA al in ay aw i ee sii Miah Hej nat Gah A hi Mr ye ink: Poa ve Aah Awa Tai iw MPM, i MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 107-113 January-March 1994 STUDIES ON KERATINOPHILIC FUNGI. II. CHRYSOSPORIUM PILOSUM sp. nov. J. GENE’, J. GUARRO’, K. ULFIG’, P. VIDAL' and J. CANO! ' Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain. ? Environmental Pollution Institute, 40832 Katowice, Poland. ABSTRACT Chrysosporium pilosum sp. nov., a keratinophilic hyphomycete isolated from river sediments and soil, is described. The fungus is characterized by its restricted growth on agar media at 25/37 °C and the production of conidia on deflected short protrusions, but its most prominent feature is the presence of broad, simple, thick-walled, brownish, sterile hyphae. The taxonomic position of the species is discussed. RESUMEN Se describe un nuevo hifomiceto keratinofilico, Chrysosporium pilosum sp. nov., a partir de tres cepas aisladas de sedimentos fluviales y de suelo. Dicho hongo se Caracteriza por presentar un crecimiento restringido en cultivo a 25/37 °C, por la produccién de conidios a partir de cortas protuberancias, a menudo curvadas, y por la existencia de hifas estériles de color pardo. Se discute la posicién taxondémica de esta especie. 108 In our studies on keratinophilic fungi from different sources, many species of taxonomic interest have been isolated. One of them, Chrysosporium pilosum sp. nov., is described and illustrated below. Chrysosporium pilosum Gené, Guarro et Ulfig sp. nov. Etym.: referring to the sterile and brown hyphae. Coloniae in agaro PYE ad 25 °C lente crescentes, elevatae, in medio convolutae, Jrequenter in margine radiato-striatae, luteolae vel subbrunneae, floccosae vel coactae, margo definitus, leviter lobulatus; reversum brunneoaurantiacum vel fuscum, 37 °C crescit. Hyphae vegetativae hyalinae vel albolutae, ramosae, septatae, tenuitunicatae, laeves, 1-2.5 um crassae; post 2-3 hebdomades hyphae steriles formantur, simplices, brunneae et crassitunicatae, 3-5.5 ym crassae. Hyphae reticulatae nonnumquam praesentes. Conidia terminalia et lateralia numerosa, oriunda ex brevibus protrusionibus vel ramulis lateralibus, rectis vel flexuosis, nonnumquam Sessilia, Solitaria, luteola, primum laevia et tenuitunicata, deinde verrucosa et crassitunicata, unicellularia, globosa, subglobosa vel pyriformia, raro fusiformia, 4-6 x 3.5-5.5 um, cicatrice basilari 1,5-2 pm diam. Conidia intercalaria minus numerosa, Solitaria, luteola, primum laevia et tenuitunicata, deinde verrucosa et crassitunicata, unicellularia, subglobosa, doliiformia, nonnumquam unilateraliter inflata, 3.5-5.5 x 3-4 ym. Chlamydosporae absentes. Species moderate keratinolytica. Reproductio sexualis ignota. Holotypus: IMI 356294, ex sedimentis fluvialibus. \sotypus: FMR 4157. On phytone-yeast extract agar (PYE) at 25 °C, colonies restricted, with a mean daily radial spread of 0.4-0.7 mm, raised up to 6 mm, smooth or convoluted at the centre, often radially folded at the periphery, yellowish-white to mustard-yellow, light brown in age, consisting of a basal felt covered by cottony to floccose aerial mycelium, often with droplets of colourless or light brown exudate, margin well-defined, slightly lobulate; reverse brownish-orange or dark brown. Sporulating slowly. Hyphae hyaline Fig. 1. Chrysosporium pilosum IMI 356294. a,b. Colonial morphology after 4 weeks at 25 C (a. on PYE; b. on OMA). c-g. Fertile hyphae with terminal, lateral and some intercalary conidia (c. bar=20um; d-f. bar=10um; g. bar=2pm). h. Conidia (bar=1pm). i. Sterile hyphae (bar =20um). 109 110 Fig. 2. Chrysosporium pilosum |MI 356294. Fertile hyphae and conidia. 11] to yellowish, branched, septate, smooth- and thin-walled, 1-2.5 »m wide; after 2-3 weeks (on all media tested) numerous, brown and thick-walled, sterile hyphae are present, especially in the centre of the colony. These hyphae are simple, straight or slightly wavy, sparsely septate, 3-5.5 um wide, bearing irregular, darker brown knobs. Racquet hyphae occasionally present. Terminal and lateral conidia abundant, usually born on deflected short protrusions or on straight or flexuose side branches, sometimes sessile, solitary, hyaline to pale yellow, initially smooth- and thin-walled, becoming thick-walled and usually coarsely verrucose at maturity, unicellular, globose, subglobose to pyriform, in young cultures occasionally fusiform (IMI 356295), 4-6 x 3.5-5.5 um, with basal scars 1.5-2 ym wide. Intercalary conidia often present (abundant in [MI 356295), solitary, pale yellow, at first smooth- and thin-walled, later becoming thick- walled and often coarsely verrucose, unicellular, subglobose to barrel-shaped, occasionally unilaterally inflated, 3.5-5.5 x 3-4 ym. Chlamydospores not observed. Teleomorph unknown. On oat-meal agar (OMA), colonies with a mean daily spread of 0.6-0.7 mm, raised (3-4 mm), smooth, slighly depressed at the centre, densely cottony, pale yellowish, becoming light brown or brown at the centre due to dark hyphae, sometimes with colourless exudate droplets, margin defined, irregularly lobulate, slightly fimbriate; reverse reddish-orange or olive-brown, with the yellowish pigment diffusing into the medium. Sporulation abundant. With the strain IMI 356790, we obtained occasionally a structure similar to a hairy pseudoascomata but it was sterile. The fungus grows at 37 °C, with mean daily radial spread of 0.3-0.4 and 0.6-0.7 mm on PYE and OMA, respectively. Colonies on PYE yellowish-white, raised up to 3-4 mm, slightly convoluted, with a basal felt covered by cottony to floccose aerial mycelium; margin defined, irregular; reverse colourless or light brown. On OMA, colonies yellowish-white, floccose and raised up to 2-4 mm at the centre, white, funiculose and radially folded at the periphery; margin defined, lobulate; reverse pale green, with the yellow pigment diffusing into the medium. Resistant to cycloheximide 0.2 %. Slightly keratinolytic. Material examined: IMI 356294 (=FMR 4157), from river sediments of the River Fluvia, Catalonia, Spain, 16 September 1991; IMI 356295 (=FMR 3972, RV 24220), from soil, Somalia, 14 March 1968; IMI 356790 (=FMR 4345), from forest soil, Guanajay, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, 22 March 1992. TZ Fig. 3. Chrysosporium pilosum \MI 356294. Sterile hyphae. The main characteristic of both isolates of C. pilosum, unique for this genus, is the presence of brown, thick-walled hyphae, suggesting an ascomycete teleomorph. However, no ascomata could be obtained under a variety of growth conditions (different temperatures and media) and when the three strains were crossed with each other. Species with a similar characteristic are Onychocola canadensis Sigler et Congly (1990) and Malbranchea filamentosa Sigler et Carmichael (Sigler et al., 1982). Both species have arthroconidia and in neither case did a teleomorph develop. Some other species of Chrysosporium, such as C. merdarium (Link) Carmichael (1962), the C. anamorph of Amaurascopsis perforatus Guarro et al. (1992), the C. anamorph of Renispora flavissima Sigler et al. (1979), and C. vallenarense Oorschot et Piontelli (1985), resemble C. pilosum in having yellow pigmentation of the colonies as well as globose to obovoid and coarsely verrucose conidia. However, C. merdarium and C. vallenarense have a maximum temperature for growth of about 30 °C. In addition, the growth rate of the former is faster at 20 °C, and the conidia in the latter are often iS produced on sympodial branches. The C. anamorph of R. flavissima produces larger (5-12 x 4-12 pm), spiny or prominently tuberculate conidia, whereas that of A. perforatus has a faster growth at 37 °C, with a Magenta-coloured colony reverse on OMA, producing a teleomorph with peridial hyphae quite different from the sterile hyphae observed in C. pilosum. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by grant n° 92/0785 from FIS from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain. The authors are indebted to Dr. E. Descals (C.S.1.C.), Dr. C.S. Tan and Prof. W. Gams (CBS, Baarn) for helpful comments and to Dr. J.M. Escola (Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona) for reviewing the Latin diagnosis. We also express our thanks to Prof. Ch. de Vroey (Institute of Tropical Medicine ‘Prince Leopold’, Antwerp, Belgium) who supplied an isolate. REFERENCES Carmichael J.W. 1962. Chrysosporium and some other aleuriosporic Hyphomycetes. Can. J. Bot. 40: 1137-1173. Guarro J., J. Gené and Ch. de Vroey. 1992. Amaurascopsis, a new genus of Eurotiales. Mycotaxon 45: 171-178. Oorschot C.A.N. van and E. Piontelli. 1985. Chrysosporium vallenarense spec. nov. Persoonia 12: 487-488. Sigler L. and H. Congly. 1990. Toenail infection caused by Onychocola canadensis gen. et sp. nov. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 28: 405-417. Sigler L., P.K. Gaur, R.W. Lichtwardt and J.W. Carmichael. 1979. Renispora flavissima, a new gymnoascaceous fungus with tuberculate Chrysosporium conidia. Mycotaxon 10: 133-141. Sigler L., J. Lacey and J.W. Carmichael. 1982. Two new species of Malbranchea. Mycotaxon 15: 465-471. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 115-122 January-March 1994 A NEW SPECIES OF DELITSCHIA FROM WEST AFRICA FERNANDO PEL AEZ Merck Sharp & Dohme de Espana, S.A. Josefa Valcarcel, 38 28027 Madrid, Spain JON D. POLISHOOK Merck Research Laboratories P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA MARTI VALLDOSERA AND JOSEP GUARRO Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina Universitat Rovira | Virgili, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain Summary A new species of Delitschia growing in culture is described and illustrated. The fungus was isolated from dung of a dassie collected in Namibia. It is characterized by having asci each with 64 ascospores. Also, each ascospore has a transverse and non-constricted septum, with a longitudinal germ slit. Introduction Species included in the genus Delitschia Auersw. are fimicolous loculoascomycetes, characterized by bitunicate asci and dark brown to black, two-celled ascospores. The septum is median, transverse or oblique, and both cells of the ascospore have an elongated germ slit. A hyaline gelatinous sheath surrounds each 116 ascospore. The genus was last reviewed in 1975 by Luck-Allen and Cain (1), who recorded 46 species. Later, six more species were added (2,3). Of these 52 total species, only 6 produce asci with more than 8 ascospores, with the remainder having asci with 8 or less ascospores. In this paper we describe a new species of Delitschia with approximately 64 ascospores per ascus isolated from dung of dassie (Procavia sp.) collected in Namibia. A key to the species of this genus having more than eight ascospores is also presented. Materials and Methods Isolation of the culture: 0.5 g of dried dung was ground and rigorously washed with water and air for 1 hour in a device with four screens decreasing in pore size, similar to the one described by Parkinson & Williams for the isolation of soil fungi (4). The particles retained in the smallest size screen (90-105 um) were plated onto VDY medium, prepared according to Papavizas & Davey (5). The growing colonies were transfered to plates of potato dextrose and oatmeal agar for identification. Mature perithecia were observed after 2-3 weeks growing at 249°C under fluorescent light (near UV) on a 12 hour light/dark cycle. In the descriptions capitalized color names in parentheses are from Ridgway (6). Cornmeal agar and V-8 juice agar were prepared as media M-7 and M-29, respectively, of Stevens (7). Potato dextrose agar and oatmeal agar were prepared media from Difco Laboratories. Fig. 1. Delitschia confertaspora. A. Perithecium x 100. B. Peridium in surface view x 1200. C. Mature ascus x 320. D . Mature and immature asci, pSeudoparaphyses and ascospores x 100. E. Upper portion of an ascus showing the double wall, the apical structure and mature ascospores x 500. F. Mature ascospore showing the transverse septum and the gelatinous sheath expanding about the ends of the spore x 1250. G. Mature ascospore showing the longitudinal germ slit x 1200. H. Mature ascospores with gelatinous sheath x 500. Dy 118 Description of the species Delitschia confertaspora Pelaez, Polishook, Valldosera and Guarro, sp. nov. Figs. 1-2 Peritheciis subglobosis vel piriformibus sparsis, brunneis vel atrobrunneis, 400-625 x 350-625 tum, pilis hyalinis vel flavo- brunneis, septatis, 2-4 um diam, collo papilliformi vel cylindraceo, 65-150 x 80-130 um; peridio membranaceo vel aliquantum coriaceo, atrobrunneo, opaco; cellulis externis irregulariter angulatis vel epidermoideis. Ascis 64-sporis, cylindraceis vel Clavatis, 250-365 x 37-57 tm, superne late rotundatis, brevi- Stipitatis; pseudoparaphysibur numerosis, hyalinis, filiformibus, 0.8-4 um diam, septatis. Ascosporis multiseriatis, brunneis vel atrobrunneis, opacis, ellipsoideis, 23-25 x 9-11 um, transverse uniseptatis, leviter constrictis vel nonconstrictis, segmentis ascosporarum maturiS sape sejuntis, strato mucoso hyalino involutis, stria germinal longitudinaliter prolata. TYPO: In fimo ex dassie, Mirabeb Hills, Namibia, 23 Sept. 1990. Teges culta sicca IMI 350,692 (=ATCC 74209). ETYMOLOGY: Latin, conferta = crowded or dense, spora = seed, referring to the arrangement and quantity of spores in the ascus. Perithecia dark brown to black, subglobose to pyriform, 400- 625 x 350-625 um; irregularly covered with hyaline to pale brown, septate, mostly unbranched hairs, 2-4 um in diam; scattered, solitary to aggregated, superficial; ascospores, when mature, extruded as black, slimy mass; neck dark brown, papillate to short cylindrical, 65-150 x 80-130 um; peridium membranaceous to rather coriaceous, dark brown, opaque, consisting of irregularly, thick-walled cells, textura angularis to epidermoidea. Asci usually 64-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, broadly rounded above, tapering below into a short stipe, 250-365 X77 tm: Pseudoparaphyses numerous, hyaline, filamentous, septate, 0.8-4 um in diam. Ascospores multiseriate, brown to dark brown, ellipsoidal, broadly rounded at the ends, 23-25 x 9-11 um, transversely septate, 2-celled, unconstricted or only slightly constricted at the median septum and non separable at maturity, 119 Fig. 2. Delitschia confertaspora. A. Perithecium. B. Ascus. C. Ascospores, two of them showing the gelatinous sheath. Bar: A = 140 um; B = 35 um; C = 10 um. 120 each cell with a longitudinal germ slit, surrounded by an uneven hyaline gelatinous layer expanding up to 12 um around the spore, wider on the ends of the spore than near the septum, and only visible in fresh preparations from young cultures. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS: On cornmeal agar colonies growing moderately slow and submerged, attaining a diameter of 34 mm in 14 days at 259C and 50% RH, margin uneven, surface appressed, sparse with margin dissected, culture mat near inoculum light brown (Clay Color, Cacao Brown) fading to colorless at margin, immature perithecia present. On potato dextrose agar attaining a diameter of 41 mm, aerial mycelium cottony in colony center to a flat, mostly appressed margin, radially sulcate, margin uneven, color light orange-yellow (Light Ochraceous Buff, Ochraceous Buff) with a light gray (Dawn Gray) near the margin, reverse reddish brown (Burnt Sienna, Sandfords Brown), soluble pigment present, perithecia absent. On oatmeal agar attaining a diameter of 41 mm, culture mat radially sulcate with some media buckling, mat near inoculum light brown (Light Ochraceous Buff, Ochraceous Buff), margin darker brown (Pecan Brown, Cinnamon), light yellow-brown exudate present at inoculum point, mature perithecia present. On V-8 juice agar attaining a diameter of 44 mm, culture mat appressed or slightly raised, floccose to cottony at inoculum sometimes radiating to margin, color light brown (Flesh Ocher, Apricot Buff) with some sections with a gray tint (Hathi Gray), mature perithecia present. HABITAT: On dung of dassie (Procavia sp.). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Mirabeb Hills, Namibia, Africa. 23 September 1990. Dried culture mat IMI 350,692 (=ATCC 74209). Discussion Delitschia confertaspora is characterized by having 64-spored asci, each ascospore with a longitudinal germ slit and a transverse and unconstricted septum. Only two other species of Delitschia with 64 ascospores per ascus have been previously described (2): D. dochmiophragmia and D. spiralirima. The species described here is easily distinguishable from these two. The ascospores of D. spiralirima have a distinct spiral-shaped 124 germ slit and are significantly larger in size (51-57 x 24-29 um) than the ascospores of D. confertaspora, which have a longitudinal germ slit, and also the asci are much larger in D. spiralirima (450- 600 x 130-150 um). In D. dochmiophragmia the ascospores have an oblique and constricted septum with each cell separating at maturity. D. confertaspora, however, has ascospores with a transverse septum, unconstricted or only very slightly constricted, and with the cells remaining intact at maturity. In addition, the ascospores of D. confertaspora are slightly smaller in size than D. dochmiophragmia (27-39 x 12-15 um), and with the ends more broadly rounded than in this last species. Finally, the gelatinous sheath that surrounds each ascospore of D.confertaspora, expanding about the ends, is _ clearly distinguishable from the other two species mentioned. However, it resembles the sheath of D. mesostenospora, although this species has eight-spored asci. The following key discriminates among the described species of Delitschia with more than eight ascospores per ascus. SON ulti OTA SCOS DOES eee eric tn nye ee deer tee en seen rates Nt oa 2 ASCII One mat d OvaSCOSDOIOS tits. ste cs te. eer recent fot tdasaantcede dares 3 —_ 2. Ascospores with septum transverse; 56-62 x 18-21 um Re meen oh Re en he ote NL A ah aaetech eh te Tad Cond D. polyspora Griff. 2. Ascospores with septum oblique; 36-54 x 12-15 um ct ch EAE RES OEP Tn D. sexdecimspora Jeng, Luck-Allen & Cain PPASEM WITT See ASCliic ont ac soe urecass D. ionthada Jeng, Luck-Allen & Cain SRAcGEWMOrouial 21a SCOSDONCS male yar cuticle Cee aan es aie, 4 APASCIMIMIN OG: ASCOSDOLC Giamce pe ssudenn cath teat teach: | Poem nin, deh Plena BS es 5 4. Asci with 256 ascospores ................. D. myriaspora Breton & Faurel 5. Ascospores oblong with spiral shaped germ slit DR cero Batra. RMON milena eae RAY Rs D. spiralirima Jeng, Luck-Allen & Cain 5. Ascospores ellipsoidal with longitudinal slits ................cceeeceeeeeee ees 6 6. Ascospores obliquely septate EU Re Oe eee tere EAU ORRE Penn rerrnian D. dochmiophragma Jeng, Luck-Allen & Cain 6. Ascospores transversely septate ............... D. confertaspora sp. nov. 122 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Jose Maria Barrasa, University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain, for prepublication review of the manuscript. Literature 1. Luck-Allen, E.R. and Cain, R.F. 1975. Additions to the genus Delitschia. Can. J. Bot. 53: 1827-1887. 2. Jeng, R.S., Luck-Allen, E.R. and Cain, R.F. 1977. New species and new records of Delitschia from Venezuela. Can. J. Bot. 55: 383-392. 3. Furuya, K. and Udagawa, S. 1976 . Coprophilous pyrenomycetes from Japan IV. Trans. mycol. Soc. Japan17: 248-261. 4. Parkinson, D. and Williams, S.T. 1961. A method for isolating fungi from soil microhabitats. Plant and Soil13: 347-355. 5. Papavizas, G.C. and Davey, C.B. 1959. Evaluation of various media and antimicrobial agents for isolation of soil fungi. Soil Science 88: 112-117. 6. Ridgway, R. 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Publ. by the author. Washington, D.C. 43 p. + 53 pl. 7. Stevens, R. B. 1981. Mycology Guidebook. University of Washington Press. Seattle and London. 712 p. MOY COWAXON A NEW SPECIES OF MARAVALIA FROM INDIA G. BAGYANARAYANA AND E. JOHN RAVINDER Botany Department, P.G. College of Science Saifabad, Hyderabad - 500 004 (A.P.) India The genus Maravalia Arth. is characteristic in the possession of subepidermal, erumpent Celia. with pedicillate, one celled, thin walled, non resting teliospores found successively on laterally free basidio- genous cells (Cummins & Hiratsuka, 1983). SO wet ares L species of Maravalia are reported (Ono, 1984) on members belonging to various angiospermic families nie a a Acanthaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Periplocaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae and Verbenaceae. Recently, the authors came across a hitherto undescribed species of Maravalia on Tylophora sp. (Asclepiadaceae) and the same is reported here. Maravalia ramacharii John Ravinder & Bagyanarayana_ sp. NOV.) VRaG 3 1) Spermagoniis. et aeciis ignotis. Urediniis hypophylliis, Ssparsis, raro aggregatis, sub-epidermalis, erumpentis, pulverulentis, pallide aurantiaco flavescentis, 0O.7 - 1 mm crassa; uredinio- SHorigs,..) Dedredllatic i Nise i 27 kl a be Un, OVaATLS., globosis vel ellipsoideis, membrana echinulata, hyalina, 2 um crassa, poris germinativis ignotiis. Teliis hypophylliis, sparsis vel aggregatis 0.3- 0.6: crassa, subepidermalis, erumpentis, teliosporiis 31 - 45 x 9 - 12.4 um, oblongo ellipsoideis, membrana 1.5..um crassa; pedicillatis, pedicello hyalinis, usque ad 21 um) longis. Molotyous: “i Inv foliis vivis \Tylophorae’sp.:,):Decw Lo, Narsapur (A.P.), India, John Ravinder, HCIO; Isotype PUR. 124 Etymology : In honour of late Prof. P..Ramachar, a reputed uredinologist of India. Spermogonia and aecia not known. Uredinia hypo- phyllous, scattered, rarely aggregated, subepidermal, erumpent, ~pulverulent, . light orange yellow,;, 0.7 — 31 amma diam; urediniospores pedicillate, 18 - 27 x 12.4 - 18 um, ovate, globose to ellipsoid, orange yellow when fresh, wall echinulate, hyaline, 2 um thick, germ pores absent. Telia hypophyllous, scattered or aggregated in small clusters; 0O.3$ — 0.6 > diam.; subepidermal, erumpent; telio-— spores (G1 0-45.19" — 12. 47um: s0blong = eliapsoid 7 convenes yellowish-orange’) when fresh, wall 1:5 um thick, hyaline, smooth; (pedicrl late, pedicel hyaline, upto. zi. um long, As per Ono's (1984) recent monograph on Maravalia, host genera belonging to Asclepiadaceae are not infected by species of Maravalia. However, Cryptostegia and Pentopetia belonging to Periplocaceae, a closely related family to Asclepladaceae . are infected by Maravalia cryptostegiae (Cumm., ) Ono and Maravalia species. M. ramacharii does not bear any morphological resemblance to the Maravalia species reported on Periplocaceae. The authors express their grateful thanks ‘to Prof: Joe F. Hennen, Director, Arthur Herbarium and Head, Dept. of "Botany ""S" Plants Pathology, Purdue™ University, =for reviewing the manuscript and for helpful suggestions. Fig. 1 Maravalia ramacharii sp. nov. (A) T.S. through the sorus showing teliospores (B) A pedicillate teliospore (stained) withicotton blue) (C) Am echinulate uréediniospore. 125 REFERENCES Commans, “G.B.s.& Hiratsuka, Y., 1983. Illustrated genera of rust fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, WrotswNc OnGra).. ULoSe., A monograph of Maravalia (Uredinales). Mycologia. 761(5):i¢ 692-911, 1; Vook w - +) MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 127-129 January-March 1994 A NEW SPECIES OF UROMYCES ON OCIMUM FROM INDIA G. BAGYANARAYANA AND E. JOHN RAVINDER Botany Department, P.G. College of Science Saifabad, Hyderabad - 500 004 (A.P.) INDIA The family Labiatae (Lamiaceae) is known to have 3500 species distributed over 180 genera (Willis, 1982 Rev. by Airy Shaw). Nearly 55 of these genera consisting of 325 species are reported from India (Hooker, 1985; Gamble, 1957; Cooke, 1958). Of the so many genera Ocimum of the subfamily Ocimoideae is one of the most common genus SOCCUBINGw ain S-wilde sas) well. as cultivated” jconditions. Regent ly ,sauningy a study of the. rust: fungus flora’ vot Andhra Pradesh, the authors have coliected rust infected plants of Ocimum sp. from Mannanore forest, Mahabubnagar Dist; (A Pa) & India. A. “critical (microscopic study revealed an undescribed species of Uromyces and the same is described here. Uromyces ramacharii John Ravinder & Bagyanarayana Speuneow. CPigns 2) Spermagoniis et aeciis ignotis Urediniis epiphylliis, subepidermalis, erumpentis, pulverulentis, Ccinnamomeo' brunneis, 1-1.5 mm crassa; uredainiosporius pedicillatis,) 16-23. x) 1525 ——.- lé.6Gieum, globosis, .subglobosis, ovatis vel ellipsoideis, membrana 1.5 - 2 um crassa, pallide flavescentis vel hyalinis, echinulatis, poris germinativis 2, equatorialibus. Teliis amphigeniis, densus hypophylliis, atro-brunneis, Sparsis vel aggregatis, subepidermalis, erumpentis, pudverittentis:). 1 G32 min °crassa; “teliosporiis 21) —. 32) x ie26) = 21 ums “qlobsis,, subglobosis’ vel ovatis>: membrana lateralis 3.5-5.4 um crassa, raro apicalis, 6.3 um crassa, verrucosis; pedicillatis, pedicello 15.5 - 45 um longis, hyalinis. 128 Holotypus : In foliis vivis Ocimum sp. (Labiatae), Mannanore forest, Mahabubnagar Dist. (A.P.), India Dec. 1990, Jagadeeswar and John Ravinder. HCIO. Isotype PUR. Etymology : In honour of my (G.B.) revered teacher late Prof. P. Ramachar, a reputed Uredionologist of India. Spermagonia and accia not present. Uredinia epiphyllous, subepidermal, erumpent, pulverulent, cinnamon brown,” =) 125° "mm ‘diam; urediniospores pedictilate: 16) — 23; x% ofS.5 = 11656 (um globose, “subgiopose. “ovate, ellipsoid, wall 1.5 - 2 um thick, pale yellow to hyaline, echinulate, germpores 2, equatorial. Telia amphigenous, densely hypophyllous, blackish brown, scattered or aggregated, subepidermal, erumpent, pulverulent, 1:=2;mm diam, .teliospores'21°-+'32x18.6 - 21 um, globose, subglobose, ovate, wall 3.5 - 5.4 um thick laterally, . few spores, .are: thick apically, upto '6.3 um, chestnut brown, verrucose, pedicillate, pedicel 15.5 - 45 um long, hyaline. The members of the family Labiatae are known to be parasitized by several rust fungi particularly the species belonging to the genus Puccinia (Sydow & Sydow, 1904; Arthur, 1934; Savulescu, 1953; Gaumann;*’ 1959; Wilson © Henderson 1966). However, only 4 species of Uromyces viz., U.prunellae Schneid., U.lamii Kom, U.ocimi Hansford and U.orthosiphoniis Ramakri. & Srinivasan are reported. Of this Savulescu (1953) has listed U.prunellae as a synonym of U.valerianae (Schum.) Fuckel, a species known to parasitize, Valeriana of the family Valerianaceae but not Labiatae. With regard to U.lamii, Sydow & Sydow (1910) treated this as an excluded species because the_ so called host Lamium amplexicaule was found to be a species of Euphorbia. U.ramacharii is comparable with U.ocimi and U.orthosiphonis' the two near species of Uromyces on Labiatae. U.ocimi differs from U.ramacharii in i ihaving only caulicolous telia, longer teliospores with a prominent apical thick- ness upto 9 um and a Fig. 1 Uromyces ramacharii sp. nov. (A) Echinulate urediniospores (B) Pedicillate teliospores. 129 fairly long (160 um) persistent pedicels. U.ramacharii differs from U.orthospihonis in lacking peripheral hyphoid paraphyses in the uredinia, comparatively smaller uridiniospores, and in having narrow but longer teliospores. The authors express their grateful thanks to Prof. Joe F. Hennen, Director, Arthur Herbarium and Head, Dept. of Botany and Plurnt Pathology, Purdue University, for his kind help in reviewing the manuscript. REFERENCES 1 Arthur, | C.J.) 1934. (Manuals of ithe irustsin “United States and Canada. Purdue Research Foundation, Lafayette, Indiana. AE Cooke, T. 1958. The flora of the Presidency of Bombay Vor. if, Botanical Survey :of India, ;Calcutta. SN Gamble, J.S. 1957. Flora of the Presidency of Madras Vor. Ii.. Botanical Survey ‘of India, Calcutta. ay Gaumann, Es 1959. Die Rostpilze Mitteleuropas. Buchdruckeres Buchter’ 6’ Co”. Bern, Ss Hooker, J.D. 1875. The flora of British India, Reeve & Com bOndon 6. Savulescu, °'T., 1953.0 Monografia. \Uredinalelor , 11. Editura Academei Rupublicii Populare Romane. Ais Sydow, P. & Sydow, H. 1910. Monographia Uredinearum. VoL. I1,: bipsiae,, Fratres Borntraeger. SB. Wario seer on ROW eg DV AEP V : MohaWay al 6 Kost) bow dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. Indian reprint by International Distributors, Dehradun. oc Wilson, M. & Henderson, D.M. 1966. British Rust Fungi University Press, Cambridge. { : ag | es ‘ i a 7 we ; ; ; oy ! v i] i i 4 » rd ; Vi <! ' ’ ; i 2 iF te ¥ re Av “h Ags My A : f ee AN 1 ch oR el : 3 . uty ‘ ae 7 p ; " + ps : \o : } + bo ,] Pi ‘ rn i a 1a ' 4 he j ; 4b j ‘ ¥ ae ii aka + % 1s ¥ { , F ¥ 4 ‘, I 4 4 j : \ > ' aah P 4 Z a \ . i 7 ‘ A ihe 7 ye rie, : 7, ~~ 1 J f y ‘i i ie nl J ‘A 1 A Mn ti j vies . it ae A om ba ye We ‘ : i + ny i a i 1 P eh aN B50 MR a0 i ; So waa a bf ‘peed OD ay Dah Mee aby ea POR bets SP ie i MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 131-138 January-March 1994 AMANITA WESTII—TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION. A RARE SPECIES FROM STATES BORDERING THE GULF OF MEXICO Rodham E. Tulloss David P. Lewis P. O. Box 57 455 Virginia Lane Roosevelt, New Jersey 08555-0057 Vidor, Texas 77662 Summary Amanita westii was described from Florida oak woods. Collections from Mississippi and eastern Texas extend its known range and allow for an improved description. During his years in Florida, William A. Murrill was a prolific collector of fungi and described over 650 species of agarics and boletes as new. A number of these taxa have not been reported since he described them 40 or more years ago. One such species, the strikingly beautiful Amanita westii, was described by Murrill (1944) from a collection made by Murrill’s associate Erdman West in Alachua County in 1938. The vegetation of the Gainesville, Florida area, where Murrill resided, is similar to that of the Gulf Coast region, and it may be surmised that the mycota would also be similar. It is from the Gulf Coast region that we report new collections of A. westii. This unusual, large Amanita was rediscovered by Lewis during a 1987 collecting trip in eastern Texas. During the 1991 Gulf States Mycological Society summer foray, Ms. Toby Feibelman made a collection of A. westii in southern Mississippi. The latter collection included both mature specimens and ‘‘buttons.’’ Lewis studied both of these collections when fresh and photographed them. The holotype of A. westii has been studied previously by Bas (1969) and Jenkins (1979). Methods and terminology follow those of Tulloss et al. (1992) and Tulloss (1993). We cite specimens deposited in the following herbaria: F - Herbarium, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. FLAS - Herbarium, University of Florida, Gainesville, U.S.A. L - Rijksherbarium, Leiden, the Netherlands. RET - personal herbarium of R. E. Tulloss. Color codes of the form ‘‘7.5YR 8/6’’ are from (Munsell Color, 1975). Color names in italics with first letters capitalized (e.g., Hair Brown) are from (Ridgway, 1912). 132 D.C. Tulloss del. Fig. 1. Amanita westii (Lewis 4074) habit (x0.7). 133 AMANITA WESTI/ (Murr.) Murr. 1944 [1945]. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 7: 127. =Venenarius westii Murr. 1944 [1945]. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 7: 115. Illus.: Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5: 485, Figs. 244-246 [exsiccatum from holotype, universal veil elements, spores]. Amanita westii (Figs. 1-2) has a pileus densely set with pyramidal warts that are brown on the surface and white in the interior (at least in young material). The basidiocarp is prone to reddish bruising and staining similar to that exhibited by A. rubescens Pers. and has a slight odor of anise. The stipe has a radicating bulb. Dried specimens take on a deep wine-red color somewhat like that of exsiccata of Lepiota americana Peck. PILEUS: 70 - 135+ mm wide (largest pileus measured not fully expanded), convex to plano-convex, eventually planar, subviscid to dry, pale reddish brown (Murmill) to pale chocolate brown (Murrill), cracks between scales 10R 9/1 (near Pallid Vinaceous Drab), 10R 6/2 under warts, drying a dark wine color reminiscent of dried basidiocarps of Lepiota americana; context up to 20 mm thick at the stipe, white quickly bruising reddish brown or 7.5R 4/4 (near Prussian Red) changing to 10R 2/2 (near Light Seal Brown), eventually blackish, the color of cocoa powder in exsiccata; margin nonstriate, appendiculate with material hanging down 3 - 4 mm; universal veil as large warts, pyramidal to somewhat flattened (in the latter case often with a small central pimple), 2 - 4 mm high, with irregularly polygonal bases 3 - 5 x 8 - 10 mm, largest near pileus margin, densest over disk, 10R 2/2 (near Light Seal Brown), detersile. LAMELLAE: adnexed by a line to stipe apex at first, then seceding, sometimes remote at maturity, rather crowded to close to subdistant, white at first, then gray white, finally reddish brown or 10R 6/2, drying reddish brown to dark brown, 11+ mm broad, with edge thick and flocculose to fimbriate to almost crenate; lamellulae short, in one or two tiers, with the shortest subtruncate to somewhat rounded subattenuate, with the longest not distinguishable in exsiccata (notes from fresh material lacking). STIPE: 70 - 155 x 15 - 35 mm, more or less cylindric or constricted at about the mid-point, covered at first with floccose-fibrillose material which adheres to the fin- gers, densely floccose to floccose-subfelted in apical region below partial veil, becom- ing undecorated, dry, originally whitish (sometimes becoming grayish) near apex, otherwise reddish brown or a very dark brown or pale reddish brown or 10R 6/2, con- colorous with pileus in exsiccata; context white, with color changes on cutting or bruis- ing as in pileus, solid; bulb obovoid-napiform to napiform to turbinate to broadly fusiform, radicating, occasionally abrupt to subabrupt, up to 40 - 45* x 30 - 50 mm, becoming colored like other parts; partial veil apical, subfelted to felted- submembranous, fragile, detersile or adhering to edges of lamellae, white at first, then pale reddish brown or 10R 6/2, striate above, underside densely flocculose; universal veil as fibrillose material (occasionally vague warts or felted patches) at stipe base and on upper half of bulb in “‘button’’ stage, detersile, colored as on pileus. Odor faintly of anise (Murrill). Taste sweet and nutty at first, becoming slightly astringent (Murrill). 134 D.C. Tulloss del. Fig. 2. Amanita westii (Feibelman 1165) habit, ““button’’ specimens (x1.0). 135 MACROCHEMICAL TESTS: none recorded. PILEIPELLIS: In mature material: 50 - 65 um thick, orange-brown in 3% KOH, with surface extensively gelatinized and depigmented; filamentous, undifferentiated hy- phae 1.0 - 9.8 uum wide, subradially oriented, tightly interwoven, branching; vascular hyphae 5.0 - 17.5 um wide, branching, most easily seen in scalp. In ‘‘button’’: 45 - 60 um thick, ungelatinized, orange-brown to yellow-brown in 3% KOH. PILEUS CON- TEXT: cell walls hyaline to yellow-brown to orange-brown in 3% KOH, with those having thickest walls among (but not exclusively) the most strongly pigmented; fila- mentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.2 - 9.2 um wide, branching, often in fascicles, with some intercalary segments inflated up to 15.0 um wide (cylindric), with walls thin or up to 0.8 tum thick, with septa often constricted; acrophysalides dominating, narrowly fusi- form to clavate to broadly clavate to ovoid to ellipsoid, up to 124 x 68 um, with walls thin or up to 0.8 Um thick; vascular hyphae not observed; clamps not observed. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral, with shallow to very shallow angle of divergence, poorly rehydrating in some sections from the holotype, with central stratum 50 - 65 um wide; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.8 - 9.2 um wide, branching, densely inter- woven, with some intercalary segments slightly inflated; divergent, terminal, inflated cells not observed; vascular hyphae not observed. SUBHYMENIUM: inflated ramose to ramose, with depth of subhymenial tree 10+ tm under longest basidia/-oles and 25+* uum under shortest basidioles, comprised of uninflated or partially inflated short hyphal segments (up to about 16 tum long, but most shorter than 13 um long) in branching structure, sometimes with ovoid to ellipsoid intercalary inflated cells (these larger than most uninflated hyphal segments and concentrated adjacent to central stratum), rather densely interwoven, with basidia arising from both ends and sides of hyphal segments, with some segments parallel to the central stratum immediately below the bases of the longest basidia, with about one to three cells between divergence from central stratum and base of basidium. BASIDIA: 41 - 64 (-70) x (7.2-) 9.0 - 13.2 (-14.0) um, dominantly 4-, but occasionally 2- or 1-sterigmate, many with yellowish brown to pale yellowish brown contents in side view (orange-brown to red-brown in mass or in end view) in both 3% KOH and 2-3% NH,OH, sometimes orange-brown to red-brown in Melzer’s Reagent; clamps not observed. UNIVERSAL VEIL: On pileus (from ‘‘button’’): elements with vertical orientation except near base, there often with periclinal orientation, frequently hyaline or pale yellow, occasionally orange-brown (but then for only a few consecutive hyphal segments or even only for a portion of one segment), less pigmented than adjacent pileipellis and pileus context; filamentous, un- differentiated hyphae 3.2 - 15.0 (-26) um wide, branching, with walls thin or slightly thickened, some with pale yellow walls, plentiful to dominating in the base of the wart, otherwise scattered; inflated cells terminal, singly or in chains, broadly fusiform to clavate to ovoid to ellipsoid to subglobose, with the roundest nearest top of wart, dominating above base of wart, up to 112 x 64 um or larger, with walls usually at least somewhat thickened (up to 0.8 tum thick); vascular hyphae 4.5 - 12.0 um wide, yellow- brown, absent in most sections, relatively common in one, frequently branching; clamps not observed. On stipe base: similar. STIPE CONTEXT: longitudinally acro- physalidic, with cell walls hyaline to brown; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.5 - 10.5 um wide, branching, often in fascicles, plentiful, with walls thin or up to 1.0 ym thick, with some intercalary cells having form and size of acrophysalides; acrophysalides plentiful, up to 211 x 51 ym, with walls thin or up to 1.0 um thick; vas- 136 Figs. 3-6. Amanita westii. 3. Elements from base of universal veil from pileus of ‘“‘button’’ (Feibelman 1165). 4. Elements from upper portion of universal veil from pileus of ‘‘button’’ (Feibelman 1165). 5. Elements of hymenium and subhymenium and adjacent central stratum (Feibelman 1165). 6. Elements of partial veil (Lewis 4074). Dark bars indicate 20 um. 137 cular hyphae 4.0 - 21 tum wide, branching, yellow-brown, common. PARTIAL VEIL: cells hyaline to yellow-walled to brown-walled; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.0 - 10.5 um wide, in tangled and interwoven fascicles, branching, with majority sub- radially oriented, many collapsed or poorly rehydrating, plentiful to locally dominant, with many terminal segments slightly inflated, with some intercalary segments slightly inflated (cylindric), thin-walled or with walls slightly thickened; inflated cells fusiform to narrowly fusiform to narrowly ellipsoid to subclavate, with narrower forms often subrostrate to rostrate, up to 125 x 32 um, terminal, singly, with walls thin or up to 0.8 uum thick; vascular hyphae not observed. BASIDIOSPORES: [100/4/3] (8.5-) 10.2 - 14.0 (-15.5) x (5.8-) 6.0 - 7.8 (-8.2) jum, (L = 11.0 - 12.8 um; L’ = 12.1 um; W = 6.6 - 7.3 um; W’ = 7.0 um; Q = (1.42-) 1.50 - 1.99 (-2.18); Q = 1.67 - 1.79; Q’ = 1.73), hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, ellip- soid to elongate, often adaxially flattened, often slightly swollen at one end, often con- stricted; apiculus sublateral, small, truncate-conic to cylindric; contents granular, in holotype sometimes yellowish brown in dilute basic solution and turning reddish brown in Melzer’s Reagent and then [per Bas (1969)] sometimes masking amyloid reaction; color in deposit unknown. Distribution and habitat: In Florida, subgregarious, under Quercus in dry, high hammock (a term peculiar to Florida and indicating usually mesic, climax vegetation——hardwood forest including Quercus, Magnolia, etc.—often slightly elevated compared to surrounding terrain). In Mississippi, subgregarious in a mesic forest of Pinus, Quercus, and Fagus near a large creek. In Texas, solitary in a xeric forest largely of Quercus and Carya. Collections examined: UNITED STATES: FLORIDA——Alachua Co. - east of Gainesville, Newmann’s Lake, 7.vui.1938 E. West s.n. (holotype, FLAS F17466). MIS- SISSIPPI——Perry Co. - De Soto National Forest, Cypress Creek Landing, 29.vi.1991 Toby Feibelman 1165 (F; L; RET). TEXAS——Newton Co. - Scrapping Valley Timber and Wildlife Research Area, off State Hwy. 87 and Recreational Rd. 255, 1.viii.1987 D. P. Lewis & J. Parigi [Lewis 4074] (F; RET). DISCUSSION The large, dark, pyramidal warts and reddish staining reaction of the context make A. westii a striking species. It is unique in color and habit among the taxa of Amanita described from the Western Hemisphere. The universal veil decorating the pileus often takes on such a strikingly spiky form that, from a distance, one may mistake a specimen of A. westii for a bolete belonging in the genus Strobilomyces B. Examination of the universal veil on recently collected material (including ‘‘button’’ specimens) supports the likelihood observed by Bas (1969; pers. comm.) that this North American entity has as its closest known phyletic relative A. sculpta Corner & Bas (1962) described from North Borneo and Singapore. Gilbert (1941) suggested A. westii was synonymous with A. flavorubescens Atk. The latter has a yellow to yellow-brown pileus with yellow, crumb-like warts and belongs to Amanita section Validae (Fr.) Quél. Reddish bruising or staining reactions 138 in A, flavorubescens are usually restricted to context of the lower stipe and basal bulb. In both 3% KOH and 2-3% NH,OH, the color of spore contents was not as strong as observed by Bas (1969), but, instead, like the yellow of most refractive cell contents seen in amanitas. The reddish-brown tint of spore contents observed in Melzer’s Reagent was visible despite the strong amyloid reaction of the spore wall (observed at 1000x). However, the reddening of contents was never seen to occur so completely or intensely as to mask the amyloid reaction as was noted by Bas. Bas noted scattered brown vascular hyphae in the universal veil warts on the pileus; such hyphae were found in only one of numerous sections of warts from recently collected material. The stipe context of A. westii is curious in that many of the apparent acrophysalides are seen to be intercalary cells with uninflated hyphal segments connected at both their broad and narrow ends. Tulloss has found (unpub. data) that yellow-walled, septate, filamentous, undif- ferentiated hyphae are rather common in some taxa of Amanita section Lepidella. It is possible that some authors have mistaken the pale yellow hyphae for vascular hyphae. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We extend our gratitude to the following: Dr. Andrew S. Methven, Botany Depart- ment, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, for reviewing this paper; Ms. Toby Feibelman, New Orleans, Louisiana, for her gift of the Mississippi material; Ms. Mary A. King, Roosevelt, New Jersey, for assistance in preparing this paper for publication; Mr. John Parigi, Beaumont, Texas, for assistance in collecting of the Texas material; and Mr. David C. Tulloss, Berkeley, California, for preparing the habit illustrations. LITERATURE CITED Bas, C. 1969. Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia 5(4): 285-579. Comer, E. J. H. and C. Bas. 1962. The genus Amanita in Singapore and Malaya. Per- soonia 2: 241-304. Gilbert, E. J. 1941. Notules sur les amanites. (Libraire E. Le Francois, Paris). 23 pp. + 1 pl. Jenkins, D. T. 1979. A study of Amanita types III. Taxa described by W. A. Murmill. Mycotaxon 10: 175-200. Munsell Color. 1976. Munsell Book of Color. Glossy Finish Collection. Baltimore. unpaginated. Murrill, W. A. 1944 [1945]. New Florida Fungi. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 7: 107-127. Ridgway, R. 1912. Color standards and nomenclature. (self-published, Baltimore). 44 pp. + 53 pl. Tulloss, R. E. 1993. Amanita pachysperma, Amanita subvirginiana, and Amanita vir- giniana (taxonomy and distribution) with notes on description of the lamella trama in Amanita. Mycotaxon 49: 449-475. , C. L. Ovrebo and R. E. Halling. 1992. Studies on Amanita (Agaricales) from Andean Colombia. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 66: 1-46. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 139-150 January-March 1994 ORPINOMYCES INTERCALARIS, A NEW SPECIES OF POLYCENTRIC ANAEROBIC RUMEN FUNGUS FROM CATTLE Y.W. HO Department of Biology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. N. ABDULLAH and S. JALALUDIN Department of Animal Science, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Orpinomyces intercalaris, a new species of polycentric anaerobic fungus from the rumen of cattle is described and illustrated. The zoospore germinates to produce rhizomycelium which develops mostly intercalary sporangia. The zoospore cyst is persistent and after germination remains as an empty structure attached to the rhizomycelium. It is very distinct during the early developmental stages of the rhizomycelium. Sporangia are globose to subglobose. Zoospores are polyflagellated. The genus Orpinomyces was established by Barr et al. (1989) with Orpinomyces bovis as the type species. The genus is characterised by polycentric rhizomycelium with terminal or intercalary branched sporangiophore complexes. Zoospores are polyflagellated in contrast to Anaeromyces, the only other polycentric genus of Neocallimasticales which has uni- to quadriflagellate zoospores (Breton et a/, 1990.; Ho et al/., 1990; Ho et a/, 1993a). Only one species (the type species) has been described and assigned to this genus. The type species was originally named O. bovis Barr and Kudo (Barr et al., 1989). However, slightly earlier, a polycentric fungus with polyflagellate zoospores was described independently and assigned to the genus Neocallimastix as N. joyonii Breton et al. (1989). The two fungi remained separate taxa until Li et a/. (1991) studied the zoospore ultrastructure and development of O. bovis and concluded that there 140 Fig. 1. A polyflagellated zoospore of O. intercalaris. Fig. 2. Zoospore cyst with a long unbranched hypha (arrow). Figs. 3A-B. Zoospore cyst with a short unbranched hypha (arrow). Bar = 20 um. 141 were not enough of distinctive differences between O. bovis and N. joyonii to warrant separate genera. They also considered them to be the same species. However, they concurred with Barr et al. (1989) that a new genus, Orpinomyces, should be erected to accomodate this new polycentric fungus. Since N. joyonii has priority over O. bovis, they decided to combine the two names and renamed the fungus Orpinomyces joyonii (Breton et al.) Li et al., comb. nov. (Li et a/., 1991). The fungus described in this paper was isolated from the rumen contents of a cattle (Bos indicus) fed guinea grass (Panicum maximum) ad libitum. The method of isolation was similar to that described by Ho & Bauchop (1991). The media for culturing the fungal isolate were glucose sloppy medium, cellulose sloppy medium and liquid medium with rice straw as carbon source (Ho & Bauchop, 1991). The isolate belongs to the genus Orpinomyces but is distinctly different from O. joyonii. Orpinomyces intercalaris Ho sp. nov. Figs. 1 - 10. Rhizomycelium complexus, polycentricus et eucarpus. Hyphae multiramosae, plerumque contrictae. Sporangia globosae vel subglo- bosae subinde irregulares, intercalaria raro terminalibus. Zoosporae globosae, subglobosae, vel forma variabiles, polyflagellatae. Cystae zoosporae persistenti saepe ad rhizomycelium affixus. Specis obligate anaerobia. Rhizomycelium complex, polycentric and eucarpic. Hyphae much-branched, often with constrictions. Sporangia globose or sub- globose, occasionally irregular, intercalary rarely terminal. Zoospore globose, subglobose or variable in shape, polyflagellate. Zoospore cyst persistent, often attached to rhizomycelium. Obligate anaerobe. From rumen contents of Kedah-Kelantan cattle (Bos indicus), Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM). Serdang, Malaysia, 25 March, 1993, Y.W. Ho. Type: Figs. 1-10. A culture, C70, is being maintained at UPM. The zoospores of O. intercalaris are mostly globose, about 8.5- 14 um in diameter, but occassionally subglobose or variable in shape when in motion (Fig. 1). They are polyflagellated with about 12-20 flagella, 33-48 um long, posteriorly orientated. The flagella are shed readily before encystment and germination. Shed flagella are commonly seen next to the zoospore cyst and they usually possess a 142 Fig. 4. Initial development of an intercalary sporangium as a small swelling in the hypha of a young rhizomycelium. A, swelling develops near the zoospore cyst. B, swelling develops some distance from the zoospore cyst. Figs. 5A-B. Initial development of intercalary sporangia as swellings in the hyphae in older rhizomycelium. Bar = 20 um. 143 Fig. 6. Intercalary sporangium in a young rhizomycelium. A, sporangium develops near the zoospore cyst. B-C, sporangium develops some distance from the zoospore cyst. D, two sporangia develop some distance from the zoospore cyst. Bar = 20 um. 144 Fig. 7. Intercalary sporangia in older rhizomycelium. A, sporangia develop in one hypha. B, sporangium develops at a hyphal branch. C-D, sporangia develop between a network of hyphae. E, sporangium with a constricted neck (arrow). A-E, Bar = 20 um. F, a rhizomycelium with intercalary sporangia and a persistent zoospore cyst (arrow) attached to it. Bar = 100 um. 145 Fig. 8. Development of intercalary sporangium from one side of the hypha. A, a young sessile sporangium develops as a swelling atthe side of a hypha. B, mature sessile sporangia (arrows). C, young sporangium with a bulbous basal structure. D, young sporangium with a cup-shaped basal structure. E-F, mature sporangia with basal septum and empty cup-shaped basal structure. G-H, irregularly-shaped sporangium with cup-shaped basal structure. Bar = 20 um. 146 Fig. 9. Zoospore release. A, differentiated zoospores in a globose sporangium. B, differentiated zoospores in an irregularly-shaped sporangium with a cup-shaped basal structure. C, sporangium showing Zoospore release. Note the flagella of zoospores emerging through the sporangial wall (arrow). D-E, sporangium with rupture through which the zoospores are released. Arrows show the released zoospores. F, empty sporangium (arrow) after zoospore release. Bar = 20 um. 147 bead-like structure similar to that observed in Neocallimastix and Piromyces species (Barr et.al.,1989; Ho et al., 1993b,c,d). The zoospore germinates by producing a germ tube. The contents of the zoospore are transferred to the germ tube which very quickly expands and elongates to form a hypha. The hypha (3-9 um diameter) can be unbranched for up to 250 um long before branching to form a complex rhizomycelium (Fig. 2) or it can branch after a short length (Figs. 3A & B). The empty zoospore cyst (5-9 x 6-20 um) is persistent and remains as an empty structure attached to the rhizomycelium (Figs. 2-4, 6). It is especially distinct during the early developmental stages of the rhizomycelium. Sporangia are mostly intercalary, very rarely terminal. They usually develop as a small swelling (Figs. 4-5) in the hypha. The swelling very rapidly expands and becomes separated from the hypha following formation of two septa (Figs. 6C.7A). Sporangia may also develop at points where hypha branch (Figs. 7B-F). The neck (the part between the sporangium and hypha) is either wide (Figs. 7A-D) or constricted (Fig. 7E). During the early developmental stages of the rhizomycelium, sporangia can develop close to the zoospore cyst (Fig. 6A) or at some distance away (Figs. 6B-D). Occasionally, sporangia develop from one side of the hypha instead of from the centre (Figs. 8A-D). Such sporangia can be sessile (Fig. 8B) or have a short bulbous (Fig. 8C) or cup-shaped basal structure (Figs. 8D-F). Ina mature sporangium, a basal septum is formed and the cup-shaped structure appears empty (Figs. 8E-G). Sporangia with basal structures are common in older cultures of 3-4 days in all the three media used. Sporangia are mostly globose to subglobose (Figs. 6-8), occasionally irregular, especially those with basal structures in older cultures (Figs. 8G-H). Sporangium size is variable, ranging from 26-95 um in diameter. Most of the sporangia are concentrated at the centre of the colony compose of rhizomycelium. There are fewer sporangia at the edge of the colony. Zoospore release is through rupture of the sporangial wall (Figs. 9A-F). Collapse and dissolution of the sporangial wall take place after zoospore release. Some of the sporangia, particularly the very large ones, are apparently unable to release the zoospores. These sporangia containing the zoospores become brown and moribund. A similar phenomenon has been observed in some Neocallimastix species (Barr et.al.,1989; Ho et al, 1993b). The thick wall in the larger sporangia probably impede the normal release mechanism of the sporangia (Barr, 1984). Fig. 10. Rhizomycelium of O. intercalaris. A, hypha with a bead-like appearance (arrow) with constrictions at close intervals. B, sausage-shaped hyphae with constrictions at longer distance. C, tips of hyphae with fine to moderately blunt ends. Bar = 20 um. 149 In glucose sloppy medium or cellulose sloppy medium, the rhizomycelium grows extensively, forming discrete colonies of 2-4 mm after 2-3 days. The rhizomycelium consists of much-branched, narrow to wide hyphae ranging from 1.5-10.5 um in diameter. Some of the larger hyphae have tightly constricted points at close intervals giving the hyphae a bead-like appearance (Fig. 10A) or at longer intervals resulting in sausage-shaped hyphae (Fig. 10B). The tips of the hyphae are more or less straight with fine to moderately blunt ends (Fig. 10C). Hyphae with tightly constricted points are very common in polycentric anaerobic rumen fungi. They have been observed in O. joyonii (= O. bovis, Barr et al., 1989) and Anaeromyces elegans Ho (Ho et.al., 1993a) (= Ruminomyces elegans Ho, Ho et al., 1990). They have also been observed in some monocentric anaerobic rumen fungi such as Neocallimastix sp (Barr et. a/., 1989), N. variabilis (Ho et al., 1993b) , Piromyces communis (Barr et.al., 1989) and P. minutus (Ho et al., 1993c). The presence of predominantly intercalary sporangia, which develop between hyphae and not borne terminally on a sporangiophore, is a distinct feature of O. intercalaris that distinguishes it from O. joyonii. In O. joyonii, the sporangia are all terminal, formed at the apices of sporangiophore complexes. The sporangiophores are terminal or intercalary and they are irregularly branched. The persistent empty zoospore cyst (after germination) which remains as a distinct structure attached to the rhizomycelium is another characteristic feature of O. intercalaris. These distinct characteristics merit O. intercalaris to be assigned to a new species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Dr. Ruth Kiew, Department of Biology, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia, for the Latin tanslation of the diagnosis, and Dr. D.J.S. Barr, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada for reviewing the manuscript. REFERENCES Barr, D.J.S. (1984). The classification of Spizellomyces, Gaetnerio- myces, Triparticalar and Kochiomyces (Spizellomycetales, Chytridiomyces). Can. J. Bot. 62: 1171-1201. 150 Barr, D.J.S., Kudo, H., Jakober, K.D. and Cheng, K.-J. (1989). Morphology and development of rumen fungi Neocallimastix sp., Piromyces communis and Orpinomyces bovis gen. nov., sp. nov. Can. J. Bot. 67: 2815-2824. Breton, A., Bernalier, A., Bonnemoy, F., Fonty, G., Gaillard, B. and Gouet, P. (1989). Morphological and metabolic characteri- zation of anew species of strictly anaerobic rumen fungus: Neocallimastix joyonii. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. 58 : 309-314. Breton, A., Bernalier, A., Dusser, M., Fonty, G., Gaillard-Martinie, B and Guillot, J. (1990). Anaeromyces mucronatus nov. gen., nov. sp. A new strictly anaerobic rumen fungus with polycentric thallus. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. 70: 177-182. Ho, Y.W., Bauchop, T., Abdullah, N. and Jalaludin, S. (1990). Ruminomyces elegans gen. et sp. nov., a polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus from cattle. Mycotaxon 38 : 397-405. Ho, Y.W. and Bauchop, T. (1991). Morphology of three polycentric rumen fungi and description of a procedure for the induction of zoosporogenesis and release of zoospores in cultures. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137 : 213-217. Ho, Y.W., Barr, D.J.S., Abdullah, N. and Jalaludin, S. (1993a). Anaeromyces, an ealier name for Ruminomyces. Mycotaxon 47 : 283-284. Ho, Y.W., Barr, D.J.S., Abdullah, N., Jalaludin, S. and Kudo, H. (1993b). Neocallimastix variabilis, a new species of anaerobic fungus from the rumen of cattle. Mycotaxon 46 : 241-258. Ho, Y.W., Barr, D.J.S., Abdullah, N., Jalaludin, S. and Kudo, H. (1993c). A new species of Piromyces from the rumen of deer in Malaysia. Mycotaxon 47 : 285-293. Ho, Y.W., Barr, D.J.S., Abdullah, N., Jalaludin, S. and Kudo, H. (1993d). Piromyces spiralis, a new species of anaerobic fungus from the rumen of goat. Mycotaxon 48 : 59-68. Li, J., Heath, 1.B. and Cheng, K.-J. (1991). The development and zoospore ultrastructure of polycentric chytridiomycete gut fungus, Orpinomyces joyonii comb. nov. Can. J. Bot. 69 : 580- 589. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp.151-166 January-March 1994 THE ORIGINAL COLLECTIONS OF ARTURO NANNIZZI (1877-1961) IN THE HERBARIUM UNIVERSITATIS SENENSIS (SIENA) *CHIARUCCI A., °MARIOTTI M.G. *Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Universita di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena (Italy) °DIFCA, Facolta di Agraria, Universita di Milano, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano (Italy) Abstract. the nature, size and actual state of conservation of the Original mycological collection of Arturo Nannizzi (1877-1961), eminent Siena mycologist of the Attilio Tassi (1820-1905) school, are herewith illustrated. The complete autoptic material of which Arturo Nannizzi described many new taxonomic units is listed. Such material needs to be typified and this essay shall represent a useful basis for those taxonomists interested in these systematic groups. Introduction This paper deals with the description of the micromycetes collections of the Herbarium Universitatis Senensis (SIENA). We believe a catalogue of the material concerning the fungi described by Siena mycologists useful for taxonomic study also due to the fact that the specimens, often requested, have been returned with annotations but no precise type designation. Hopefully specialists shall provide a typification of this material and the collections shall be definitely and correctly arranged. Care of the Siena collections has not been at the level of its importance in the past and this has impeded the necessary support to systematic research of value such as SUTTON's (1975; 1977). Increase of the collections’ value and improvement of its management have recently been programmed (MARIOTTI & CHIARUCCI, in press) and illustration of the original material to be typified is the first step. This first contribution examins those taxonomic units described by Arturo Nannizzi (1877-1961). Pupil of Attilio Tassi (1820-1905), he became 152 a prominent mycologist developing an essential role in the study of many mycetes mostly pathogenic to man (GIACOMINI, 1961; FERRI, 1987; RICCI, 1987). Only after his death and publications by GRIFFIN (1960), SZATHMARY (1960), DAWSON & GENTLES (1961) and STOCKDALE (1961), was his merit acknowledged: recognizing the dermatophyte as anamorphs of ascomycetes belonging to the Gymnoascaceae family and hence placement in the correct systematic position (NANNIZZI, 1926a). He described a new genus of Hyphales (NANNIZZI, 1931) and many other new fungi species of pathological interest to man (for a complete bibliography see GIACOMINI, 1961). He also worked profitably in the field of saprophyte fungi and plant parassites of which he recognized and described many new species. Arturo Nannizzi's collections in SIENA The material studied by Siena mycologists of the Tassi school, mostly fungi but also lichens (CHIARUCCI & Loppi, 1990) were originally gathered by Flaminio Tassi in a collection denominated Mycotheca Universalis. This was not only comparison material, holding also in fact specimens originating from the Erbario Crittogamico Italiano, but also a collection of the original specimens of taxonomic units described by Tassi. The collection was later incremented by other mycologists with samples from personal research, and with commercial and comparative collections as the already cited Erbario Crittogamico Italiano, Mycotheca Italica by Saccardo and the Mycotheca Germanica by Sidow. Presently the Mycotheca Universalis holds 67 volumes of hard carton holders containing sheets on which the specimen envelopes are pinned (MARIOTTI & CHIARUCCI, in press). Volumes 31-34, 41 and 43 contain the Nannizzi collection most of which labeled with a reference note: 31: Funghi di Taranto (75 specimens); 32: Contributo Fl. Micol. della Bulgaria (48) e Ricerche sul Padule di Fucecchio (48); 33: Mycologia Senese (80) e Batteriosi della Zinnia elegans (1); 34: Funghi di Taranto, S. Nicolicchio (59); 41: Mycologia Senese (74); 43: Mycologia senese (45). Autoptic material Specimens belonging to the original Nannizzi collection, to be typified, are listed here below. The list is based on the valid publicated names (with eventual spelling corrections according to actual rules of I.C.B.N.). The name, essential for the correct identification of the specimen, is complete of bibliographic protologue quotation and description of the collecting site. It is followed by the label wording of the specimen found in P53 the Herbarium in inverted commas and, in square brackets, by the position (of the volume and sheet) of the specimen itself in the "Mycotheca Universalis" (SIENA). For several reasons (author's handwriting, date, uniqueness of almost all the specimens per species, etc.) we are convinced that the specimens we found are the same ones Nannuzzi described; however, only for a few did he specify that "[...] the material examined is preserved in the Mycotheca of the Botanical Institute of Siena [...]". In addition for some taxonomic units, already validly described in NANNIZZI (1926b) and NANNIZZI (1927) the author repeats after the diagnosis including an autographed iconography (NANNIZZI, 1928a) which could be used for typification according to the art. 9.3 of the I.C.B.N.. The various possibilities of typification hence should be studied. We believe that the micromycetes should have a detailed designation of the type, clearly showing what corrisponds to the protologue on the autoptic material and including eventual microscope slides and iconographies as the type. The example of Clathrospora patriniae Nannizzi (see further ahead) evidences this belief. Many are the cases in which what appears a holotypus at first glance, is really a number of elements partly used for the protologue and partly foreign to it. Although difficult and not usual, we think a choice (lectotypification) of that or those sole elements indispensable and sufficient. This choice should not only be stated in revision papers but also clearly indicated on the collection material. The original material on whose basis NANNIZZI (1925b) redescribed the genera Heterobotrys Sacc. illegitimately modifying the name to Morularia Nannizzi, has unfortunately been lost. According to MEECKER (1975) Heterobotrys paradoxa Sacc. (= Morularia saccardiana Nannizzi) is the anamorph of Seuratia millardetii (Raciborski) Meecker. List of the described taxonomic units: ASCOMYCOTINA DOTHIDEALES Mycosphaerellaceae Sphaerella agostinii Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 437- 438 (1927). Hab. in foliis vaginisque exsiccatis Crithmi maritimi in parva insula S. Nicolicchio prope Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Sphaerella crithmi sp. n./ Foglie e guaine secche di Crithmum/ maritimum. Isolotto di S. Nicolicchio/ (Taranto) Sett. 1927" (SIENA, [34: 18]). Chianicci A Manatti MG 4 154 Note: as known, the genus Sphaerella (Fr.) Rabenh. non Sommerf. (Algae) & nomen gen. illegitt. and is substituted by Mycosphaerella Johanson (1884). Sphaerella sassafras Ell. & Ev. f. major Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 4: 89 (1929). Hab. in foliis emortuis Sassafras officinalis in Horto botanico Senensi, Italiae. Oct. 1928 (NANNIZZI, 1929). "Sphaerella Sassafras Ell. et Ev./ forma major Nannizzi/ Foglie di Sassafras officinale/ Orto bot. Siena/ Ottobre 1928 A. Nannizzi" (SIENA [33: 32]). Note: see previous species. Pleosporaceae Clathrospora patriniae Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 3: 960 (1928). Hab. in foliis petiolisve putrescentibus Patriniae sibiricae in Sibiria australi, M. Karakol, 4 jun. 1923 (NANNIZZI, 1928c). "Clathrospora patriniae Fol. putrescenti di Patrinia sibirica" (SIENA [41: 35]). Note: Clathrospora is nomen gen. rejic. in favour of Pleospora, nevertheless SHOEMAKER & BABCOCK (1992) examining the original material of the species described by Nannizzi, form the new combination Platysporoides patriniae (Nannizzi) Shoemaker & Babcock. In a recent and accurate paper, these authors identify four different taxonomic units of the Original material including two petioles and a small leaf fragment. The characters of two of the taxonomic units were used for the original description; in fact Nannuzzi probably exchanged ascospores of Pleospora comata Auerswald & Niessl for mature stages of Clathrospora spores. With valid motivations do SHOEMAKER & BABCOCK (1992) maintain the specific name limiting it to the taxonomic unit with applanate ascospores. Leptosphaeria altaica Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 3: 961 (1928). Hab. in vaginis exsiccatis foliorum Polygoni Bistortae in Sibiria australi prope Cemal secus flum. Katum, M. Altai, 20 jun. 1923 (NANNIZZI, 1928c). "Leptosphaeria_altaica sp. n./ Guaine secche di Polygonum/ Bistortae" (SIENA [34: 9]). Note: Leptosphaeria is nomen gen. cons. Pleospora herbarum (Pers.: Fr.) Rabenh. f. rosae-banksiae Nannizzi, Riv. Pat. Veg., 18 (9-10): 190 (1928). Habitat in foliis vivis Rosae Banksiae in Horto botanico Senensi, Italiae; oct. 1928 (NANNIZZI, 1928b). 155 "Pleospora herbarum Rabh./ f. rosae Banksiae Nannizzi/ Sulle foglie di Rosa Banksia/ Orto bot. di Siena/ 17 ottobre 1928 A. Nannizzi" (SIENA [33: 31)). ERYSIPHALES Erysiphaceae Erysiphe polygoni DC. ex Mérat f. robiniae-hispidae Nannizzi, Riv. Pat. Veg., 14 (9-10): 173-174 (1924). Hab. in foliis vivis vel languentibus Robiniae hispidae in horto botanico Senensi, mense octobri 1924. Status conidicus orbiculari sistit (NANNIZZI, 1924). Note: no specimen found in SIENA. Previously, NANNIZZI (1923) had described the conidic stage of the taxonomic unit denominating it, in a way now illegitimately, Oidium orbiculare (= O. monosporum Passerini). No sample was found in SIENA, not even under this binomio. SPHERIALES Trichosphaeriaceae Eriosphaeria dumetorum Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 438 (1927). Hab. in ramulis siccis Rosmarini officinalis in dumetis prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Eriosphaeria littoralis sp. n./ Rametti di Rosmarinus officinalis/ 7 sett. 27. Chiatona, lungo il mare" (SIENA [31: 6]). Xylariaceae Anthostomella maritima Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 437 (1927). Hab. in tunicis siccis bulborum Urgineae maritimae in parva insula S. Nicolicchio prope Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Anthostomella maritima sp. n./ Tuniche bulbi di/ Urginea maritimae/ S. Nicolicchio/ Taranto/ Sept. 1927" (SIENA [31: 1]). DEUTEROMYCOTINA COELOMYCETES Ascochytella vaginarum Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 439 (1927). Hab. in vaginis exaridis foliorum Pini halepensi, Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Diplodina vaginarum/ sp. n./ Guaine foliari di Pinus halepensis/ Chiatona. Sett. 1927" (SIENA [31: 5]). 156 Note: the genus Aschochytella Tassi has been erroneously typified in the past as A. deformis (Karst.) Died. (CLEMENTS & SHEAR, 1931), species not included among the thirteen species originally described by TAssI (1902). This has already been evidenced by SUTTON (1977). Camarosporium gnidii Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 441 (1927). Hab. in ramis emortuis Daphne Gnidii in dumetis prope Chiatona, tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Camarosporium Gnidii sp. n./ Rametti secchi di Daphne Gnidium/ nella macchia di Chiatona. Sett. 1927" (SIENA [41: 35]). Camarosporium obtusum Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 1: 506 (1926). Hab. in scapis, calycibus bracteisve siccis Statice Limonii var. serotinae in parva insula S. Nicolicchio pr. Tarentum, Italia austr. Aug. 1926 (NANNIZZI, 1926b, 1928a). "Camarosporium obtusum/ Scapi, calici e brattee di Statice/ Limonium L. var. serotina Rchbg./ Taranto aug. 1926" (SIENA [34: 2]). Camarosporium psammae Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 441 (1927). Hab. in culmis siccis Psammae arenariae in arenosis prope Storranum, Punta S. Vito, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Camarosporium Psammae sp. n./ Culmi secchi di Psamma arenaria/ Chiatona (Taranto) Sett. 1927" (SIENA [31: 1]). Coniothyrium garryae Nannizzi, Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitogeogr. Genet., 8: 298 (1932); Hab. in ramulis emortuis Garryae Faydeanae in horto botanico Senensi cult. Nov. 1931 (NANNIZZI, 1932). "Coniothyrium Garriae n. sp./ Rametti secchi di Garrya Faydena/ orto bot. Siena Nov. 1931" (SIENA [41: 36]). Note: species not cited by BIGA et al. (1959). Coniothyrium manihotis Nannizzi, Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitogeogr. Genet., 8: 298 (1932). Hab. in ramis emortuis Manihotis palmatae in horto botanico Senensi. Nov. 1931 (NANNIZZI, 1932). "Coniothyrium Manihotis/ n. sp./ rami morti di Manihot palmata/ Ort. bot. Siena Nov. 1931" (SIENA [41: 35]). Note: species not cited by BIGA et al. (1959). 157 Coryneum feijoae Nannizzi, Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitogeogr. Genet., 8: 300 (1932). Hab. in foliis vivis Feijoae Sellowianae in horto botanico Senensi cult. Febr. 1932 (NANNIZZI, 1932). "Coryneum Feijoae n.sp./ foglie vive di Feijoa Sellowiana/ Orto bot. Siena. Febbr. 1932" (SIENA [41: 35]). Note: SUTTON (1975) supposes that the species be referred to the genus Seimatosporium Corda, but precises that not having received the original material from SIENA for accurate examination he doubts the identity of the species described by Nannizzi. Cryptosporium lunatum Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 442 (1927). Hab. in ramulis emortuis Pinus halepensi in sylvis dumetisque prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Crysptosporium lunatum sp. n/ (mescolato ad un ascomicete rametti secchi di Pinus halepensis/ Chiatona (Taranto) Sett. 1927" (SIENA [41: 36]). Note: SUTTON (1980) distributes the various species of Cryptosporium among different genera, but C. /unatum is not cited. Didymochaeta atropae Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Agr., 5: 37-38 (1938). Hab. in caulibus emortuis Atropae Belladonnae in montibus Orlovdol, Bulgariae (NANNIZZI, 1938a). "Didymochaeta Atropae/ in caulibus emortuis Atropae Belladonnae/ 1936" (SIENA [53: 10]). Note: in SIENA (Mycotheca Universalis) vol. 32 (where Bulgaria specimens are preserved), at pag. 26 there is a label indicating: "10/ Didymochaeta atropae Nannizzi n. sp.", but the specimen is missing. A specimen can be found at page 10 of vol. 53 (Mycologia Senese), where the material of another research is preserved. Diplodia dorycnea Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 440 (1927). Hab. in ramulis emortuis Dorycnii hirsuti in dumetis prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Diplodia dorycnea n. sp./ Rametti secchi di Dorycnium hirsutum/ Chiatona pr. Taranto Sept. 1927" (SIENA [31: 4]). Diplodia porlieriae Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 5: 387 (1930). 158 Hab. in ramis emortuis Porlieriae hygrometricae in Horto Botanico Senensi; jul. 1930 (NANNIZZI, 1930). "Diplodia porlieriae Nann./ rametti morti di Porlieria hygrometrica/ Ort. Bot. Siena. Aprile 1930/ (Nannizzi)" (SIENA [43: 14]). Diplodia smilacella Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 440 (1927). Hab. in foliis putrescentibus Smilacis asperae in dumetis prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Diplodia _smilacella sp. n./ Fol. putresc. di Smilx aspera/ Chiatona (Taranto) Sett. 1927" (SIENA [31: 5]). Diplodina odontitis Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 439 (1927). Hab. in caulibus siccis Odontitis luteae in nemoribus prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Diplodinia Odontitidis n. sp./ con associata Didymosphaeria_ brunneola Niessl./ Macchia di Chiatona su cauli secchi di/ Odontites lutea. Sett. 1927" (SIENA [31:5]). Hendersonia cyperi-aegyptiaci Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 440 (1927). Hab. in calamis foliisque siccis Cyperi aegyptiaci in dunis maritimis prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Hendersonia arenicola sp. n./ sulle foglie di Cyperus aegyptiacus/ Chiatona (Taranto)/ Sept. 1927" (SIENA [34: 9]) "Hendersonia arenicola sp. n./ Scapi di Cyperus aegyptiacus/ sulle arene marittime pr. Chiatona/ (Taranto) Sett. 1927" (SIENA [31: 6)). Note: Hendersonia Sacc. 1884 non Berk 1841 is nomen gen. rejic. pro Stagonospora, but some species have been included in Hendersonula. A reliable identity cannot be attributed to the species described by Nannizzi without examination of the original material. Hendersonia pteleae Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 5: 387 (1930). Hab. in ramis emortuis Pteleae trifoliatae in Horto Botanico Senensi; oct. 1929 (NANNIZZI, 1930). "Hendersonia pteleae Nann./ Rami morti di Ptelea trifoliata/ Orto bot. di Siena. Ott. 1929/ (Nannizzi)" (SIENA [43: 13]). Note: see previous species. Tov Macrophoma leptopoda Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 439 (1927). Hab. in ramis siccis Nicotianae glaucae, S. Nicola prope Punta Rondinella, Tarentum. Aug. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). “Macrophoma Nicotianae sp. n./ Cauli morti di Nicotiana glauca/ S. Nicola, sui muri, Ag. 1927/ (Taranto) (SIENA [34: 10]). Note: Macrophoma is nomen gen. rejic. pro Sphaeriopsis Sacc. nomen cons. (SUTTON, 1980). Pestalotia ventricosa Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 442 (1927). Hab. in ramulis siccis Lonicera implexae in dumetis prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Pestalozzia ventricosa n. sp./ Rametti secchi di Lonicera implexa/ associata a Pleospora herbarum/ Chiatona (Taranto) Sett. 1927" (SIENA [31: 12]). Note: there are two schools: one holds a wide concept of the genus (GUBA, 1961) the other subdivides the genus in Pestalotia, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella (STEYAERT, 1949, 1953, 1955; SUTTON, 1969). Only the examination of the original material could allow a convincing identification of the species described by Nannizzi. Phaeoseptoria rubiae Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 441 (1927). Hab. in foliis vivis Rubiae peregrinae in dumetis prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Phaeoseptoria Rubiae Nann./ Sulle foglie di Rubia peregrina/ Chiatona (Taranto) Sett. 1927" (SIENA [34: 11]). Phoma debeauxi Roum. f. scapicola Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 438 (1927). Hab. in scapis emortuis Statice Limonii var. serotinae prope S. Annam, Punta S. Vito, Tarentum. Aug. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a) "Phoma_ debeauxi Roum. forma/ Scapicola n.f./ Scapi secchi di Statice Limonium var. se-/ rotina. S. Vito alla Casa dei Bagnanti. Ag. 1927" (SIENA [32: 13]). Phoma fimbriata Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 438 (1927). Hab. in caulibus emortuis Inulae crithmoidi in parva insula S. Nicolicchio prope Tarentum Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a) "Phoma fimbriata sp. n./ Cauli morti di Inula crithmoides/ S. Nicolicchio. Sett. 1927/ (Taranto)" (SIENA [34: 12]). 160 Phoma herbarum Westd. var. loti-cretici Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 1: 505 (1927). Hab. in caulibus emortuis Loci cretici in parva insula "S.Nicolicchio" pr. Tarentum, Italia austr. Aug. 1926 (NANNIZZI, 1926b, 1928a). "Phoma herbarum/ var. Loti-cretici Nannizzi 1926/ Rametti secchi di Lotus creticus/ Chiatona (Taranto) 7 sett. 1927" (SIENA [31: 15)). Phoma schini-molli Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, Ser. X, 2: 439 (1927). Hab. in ramulis siccis Schini Molli cult. in horto "Villa Peripato", Tarentum. Sept. 1927. Legit Doct. A. Agostini (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Phoma Schini-Molli sp. n./ Rametti di Schinus Molle/ "Villa Peripato", Taranto. Sept. 1927" (SIENA [31: 15]). Phomopsis phellodendri Nannizzi, Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitogegor. Genet., 8: 297 (1932). Hab. in ramis emortuis Phellodendri amurensi in horto botanico Senensi cult. Nov. 1931 (NANNIZZI, 1932). "Phomopsis Phellodendri n. sp./ Rami secchi di Phellodendron amurense/ Orto bot. Siena Nov. 1931" (SIENA [32: 13]). Phyllosticta aberiae Nannizzi, La Vedetta Agricola 2, 14 (1912). Hab. in foliis vivis Aberiae caffrae in horto botanico Senensi culta, mense novembri 1909 (NANNIZZI, 1912). "Phyllosticta Aberiae Nannizzi/ Sulle foglie di Aberia caffra/ Orto botanico di Siena/ Aprile 1912 A. Nannizzi" (SIENA [33: 29]). Phyllosticta altaica Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 3: 961 (1928). Hab. in foliis vivis Veronicae incanae in Sibiria australi secus flum. Matun, M. Altai, 24 jun. 1923 (NANNIZZI, 1928c). "Septoria altaica n. sp./ Foglie vive di Veronica incana/ Siberia (M. Altai) (SIENA [34: 17]). Note: Only one leaf of Veronica, very small and with very rare pustules, makes up the specimen. The corrispondence of the specimen to Phyllosticta (Phoma s.\.) or Septoria has not been controlled to avoid its destruction; however, due to the considerable differences between two genera, this identification would be useful. Phyllosticta helwingiae Nannizzi 1930, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 4: 91 (1929). 161 Hab. in foliis vivis Helwingiae rusciflorae in Horto botanico Senensi, Italiae. Sept. 1927 et 1928 (NANNIZZI, 1929). "Phyllosticta Helwingiae Nannizzi/ Sulle foglie di Helwingia ruscifolia/ Orto botanico di Siena/ Settembre 1928 A. Nannizzi" (SIENA [33: 30]). Note: two specimens. Phyllosticta ibotae Nannizzi Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 438 (1927). Hab. in foliis vivis Ligustri Ibotae cult. in horto prope Tarentum. Aug. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Phyllosticta Ibotae n. sp./ Agosto 1927 Taranto/ Ligustrum Ibota/ Siebl. et Zucc./ (var. Regelianum e Obovatum)" (SIENA [31: 14]). Phyllostictella draconis Nannizzi, Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitogegr. Genet., 8: 297 (1932). Hab. in foliis vivis Dracaena Draconis in horto botanico Senensi cult. Oct. 1930 (NANNIZZI, 1932). "Phyllostictella Dracaenae/ n. sp./ Sulle foglie vive di Dracaena Draco/ Orto bot. Siena Ott. 1930" (SIENA [34: 11]). Note: according to SUTTON (1977) the genus Phyllostictella Tassi (1901) should probably be considered synonymous of Microsphaeropsis Moehn (1917). Rhabdospora rubiae Pat. var. amerospora Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 441 (1927). Hab. in foliis siccis Rubiae peregrinae in dumetis prope Chiatona, Tarentum. Sept. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). “Rhabdospora rubiae Pat./ var. amerospora n. var./ Foglie secche di Rubia peregrina/ Macchia di Chiatona. Sett. 1927/ (Taranto)" (SIENA [34: 17]). Robillarda aquatica Nannizzi, Boll. Pesca Piscic. Idrobiol., 14: 807 (1938). Hab. in foliis putrescentibus natantibus Lemnae minoris in padule Fucecchio, Florentiae; 15 mart. 1932 (NANNIZZI, 1938b). "Robillarda aquatica n. sp./ Foglie putrescenti di Lemna minor/ Padule di Fucecchio/ 15-II-32" (SIENA [32: 55]). Note: according to SUTTON (1980) Robillarda Cast. (1845) should be rejected in favour of Pestalotiopsis Stey (1949); while for the ICBN (GREUTER, 1988), Robillarda Sacc. is nomen gen. conserv. Septoria asteris-alpinis Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 3: 961 (1928). 162 Hab. in foliis siccis Asteris alpini in Sibiria australi prope Cemal, secus flum. Katun, M. Altai, 9 jun. 1923 (NANNIZZI, 1928c). "Septoria Asteris-alpini sp. n./ Foglie secche di Aster alpinus" (SIENA [34: 17]). Septoria iridis-japonicae Nannizzi, Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitogeogr. Genet., 8: 299 (1932). Hab. in foliis vivis Iridis japonicae in horto botanico Senensi cult. Apr. 1931 et 1932 (NANNIZZI, 1932). "Septoria Iridis-japonicae/ n. sp./ Sulle foglie vive di Iris japonica/ Ort. bot. Siena/ apr. 1932" (SIENA [34: 18]). Septoria moesiaca Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Agr., 5: 38 (1938). Hab. in foliis Atropae Belladonnae in montibus Buzludgia, Bulgariae (NANNIZZI, 1938a). Note: missing specimen. At pag. 21 of vol. 32 of the Mycotheca Universalis, an only sheet reports "Septoria moesiaca Nannizzi n. sp./ 21". The specimen was probably lent and never returned. Septoria oligocarpa Nannizzi, Riv. Pat. Veg., 15: 3 (1925) Hab. in foliis vivis Cobeae scandentis in horto botanico Senensi culta, mense decembri 1924 (NANNIZZI, 192S5a). Note: no specimen found. Septoria pachypleuri Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 3: 962 (1928). Hab. in foliis siccis vel languescentibus Pachypleuri alpini in Sibiria australi, M. Karakol, 17 jun. 1923 (NANNIZZI, 1928c). "Septoria Pachypleuri et/ Sphaerella Pachypleuri Fuck. in/ Heuglin Reisen Nordpol., Vol. III, et/ Oud. Contr. Fl. Myc. Now. Seml. p. 6,/t. II. f. 2 - Sacc. Syll. IX. p. 624/ Foglie secche di Pachypleurum alpinum" (SIENA [34: 18]). Stagonospora schoeni Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 440 (1927). Hab. in calamis emortuis Schoeni nigricans in arvis arenosis pr. "Salina Piccola", Tarentum Aug. 1927 (Nannizzi, 1927, 1928a). "Stagonospora Schoeni sp. n./ Calami morti di Schorenus nigricans/ campi arenosi alla Punta S. Vito, Taranto/ (mescolato con altri micromiceti) Ag. 1927 (SIENA [31: 25}). 163 Torula altaica Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 3: 962 (1928). Hab. in petiolis putrescentibus foliorum Saxifragae crassifoliae in Sibiria australi, M. Karakol, 17 jun. 1923 (NANNIZZI, 1928c) "Torula altaica sp. n./ Picciuoli fogliari di Saxifraga/ crassifolia" (SIENA [34: 21]). HYPHOMYCETES Macrosporium phoenicis Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser. X, 2: 439 (1927). Hab. in foliis emortuis Phoenicis reclinatae cult in horto "Villa Peripato", Tarentum. Aug. 1927 (NANNIZZI, 1927, 1928a). "Macrosporium Phoenicis n. sp./ Foglie secche di Phoenix reclinata/ Villa Peripato, Taranto 1927" (SIENA [31: 10]). Note: according to HUGHES (1958) Macrosporium Fr. (1832) non Fr. (1825) Should be synonymous of Alternaria Nees (1816/1817). This was confirmed by ELLIs (1971). Cladosporium anonae Nannizzi, Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, ser X, 4: 91 (1929). Hab. in foliis vivis Anonae sp. in Horto botanico Senensi, Italiae; Aug. 1928 (NANNIZZI, 1929). "Cladosporium Anonae Nannizzi/ Sulle foglie di Anona sp./ Orto Botanico di Siena/ Agosto 1928 A. Nannizzi" (SIENA [33: 27]). Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Prof. Aurora Corte Montemartini for comments and suggestions and to Mrs. Nancy Jane van Laarhoven for help during the preparation of the manuscript. References BIGA M.L.B., CIFERRI R., BESTAGNO G., 1959 - Ordinamento artificiale delle specie del genere Coniothyrium Corda. Sydowia, 12: 258-320 CLEMENTS F.E., SHEAR C.L., 1931 - The genera of Fungi. Wilson Co., New York. CHIARUCCI A, Loppi S., 1990 - Le collezioni lichenologiche dell'Herbarium Universitatis Senensis (SIENA). Not. Soc. Lich. Ital., 3 (suppl. 1): 83-84. 164 DAWSON C.O., GENTLES J.C., 1961 - The perfect state of Keratinomyces ajelloi Vanbreuseghem, Trichophyton terrestre Durie et Frey and Microsporum nanum Fuentes. Sabouraudia, 1: 49-57. ELLIS M.B., 1971 - Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, Surrey, England. FERRI S., 1987 - Il ruolo di Arturo Nannizzi nel quadro evolutivo delle conoscenze micologiche. Micologia Dermatologica 1(1): 29-43. _GIACOMINI V., 1961 - Commemorazione di A. Nannizzi letta all'Accademia dei Fisiocritici in Siena il 12.11.1961. Atti Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Agr., ser. 2, 8: 82-125. GRIFFIN D.M., 1960 - The rediscovery of Gymnoascus gypseus, the perfect state of Microsporum gypseum, and note on Trichophyton terrestre. Trans. Brit. Mycol., 43: 637-642. GREUTER W., (edit.), 1988 - Internatioal Code Of Botanical Nomenclature Adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Koeltz Sc. Books, Koenigstein. GUBA E.F., 1961 - Monograph of Monochaetia and Pestalotia. Harward Univ. Press, Cambridge. HUGHES S.J., 1958 - Revisiones hyphomycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis. Can. J. Bot., 36: 727-836 MARIOTTI M.G., CHIARUCCI A., in press - The herbaria of Siena University (SIENA). Remarks on the collections and collectors.-Webbia, 48 MEECKER J.A., 1975 - Revision of the Seuratiaceae. Il. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Seuratia. Can. J. Bot., 53: 2483-2496 NANNIZZI A., 1912 - Un nuovo parassita dell'"Aberia caffra Harv. et Sond.": "Phyllosticta aberiae" sp. n. La Vedetta Agricola, 2, n.14. NANNIZZI A., 1923 - Una specie critica di "Oidium" sulla "Robinia hispida" L. Riv. Pat. Veg., 13(7-8): 121-127. NANNIZZI A., 1924 - Lo stadio ascoforo dell'"Oidium orbiculare" Nannizzi: Erysiphe Polygoni DC. forma Robiniae-hispidae Nannizzi. Riv. Pat. Veg., 14(9-10): 172-174. NANNIZZI A., 1925a - Un nuovo parassita della "Cobaea scandens" Cav. (Septoria oligocarpa n. sp.). Riv. Pat. Veg., 5(1-2): 1-4. NANNIZZI A., 1925b - "Morularia" nuovo genere di "Tuberculariaceae" (=Heterobotrys Sacc.). Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 9, 17: 177-183. NANNIZZI A., 1926a - Ricerche sui rapporti morfologici e biologici tra Gymnoascaceae e Dermatomiceti. Ann. Mycol., 24: 85-129. NANNIZZI A., 1926b - Contributo alla conoscenza della flora dell'isolotto di "S$. Nicolicchio" nel Mar Grande di Taranto. Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 10, 1: 497-507. 165 NANNIZZI A., 1927 - Micromycetes nonnulli Tarentini novi. Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 10, 2: 437-442. NANNIZZI A., 1928a - Contribuzione allo studio della flora micologica nella provincia jonica. Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 10, 3(2-3-4): 337-356. NANNIZZI A., 1928b - Una Pleospora dannosa alla Rosa banksiae R. Br. Riv. Pat. Veg., 18(9-10): 185-191. NANNIZZI A., 1928c - Alcuni micromiceti nuovi o rari della Siberia meridionale. Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 10, 3: 959-962. NANNIZZI A., 1929 - Note micologiche. I-VII. Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 10, 4: 87-96. NANNIZZI A., 1930 - Materiali per una flora micologica del Senese. Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 10, 5: 384-389. NANNIZZI A., 1931 - Glenosporella nuovo genere di Hyphales. Atti R. Acc. Fisiocr. Siena, sez. Med.-Fis., ser. 10 6: 268-274. NANNIZZI A., 1932 - Nuove specie di micromiceti parassiti o saprofiti su piante coltivate. Arch. Bot. Sist. Fit. Gen., 8:296-301. NANNIZZI A., 1938a - Contributo alla flora micologica della Bulgaria: micromiceti del circondario di Kazanlik (Balcani centrali). Azti R. Accad. Fisiocr. in Siena, sez. Agr., 5: 33-41. NANNIZZI A., 1938b - Ricerche idrobiologiche sul Padule di Fucecchio. III. I funghi. Boll. Pesca Piscicolt. Idrobiol., 4: 304-309. Ricci C., 1987 - Arturo Nannizzi. Un umile, travagliata vita al servizio della Scienza. Micologia Dermatologica, 1: 11-28. SHOEMAKER R.A., BABCOCK C.E., 1992 - Applanodictyosporus Pleosporales: Clathrospora, Comoclathris, Graphyllium, Macrospora, and Platysporoides. Can. J. Bot., 70: 1617-1658. STEYAERT R.L., 1949 - Contribution 4 l'etude monographique de Pestalotia De Not. et Monochaetia Sacc. Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux., 19: 285-354. STEYAERT R.L., 1953 - New and old species of Pestalotiopsis. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 36: 81-89. STEYAERT R.L., 1955 - Pestalotia, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella. Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux., 25: 191-199. STOCKDALE P.M., 1961 - Nannizzia incurvata gen. nov., sp. nov. a perfect state of Microsporum gypseus (Bodin) Guiart et Grigoriakis. Sabouraudia, 1: 41-48. SUTTON B.C., 1969 - Forest microfungi. III. The heterogeneity of Pestaliotia De Not. section sexloculatae Klebahn sensu Guba. Can. J. Bot. , 47: 2083-2094. SUTTON B.C., 1975 - Coelomycetes. V. Coryneum. Mycol. Pap., 138: 1- 224. 166 SUTTON B.C., 1977 - Coelomycetes VI. nomenclature of genera names proposed for Coelomycetes. Mycol. Pap., 141: 1-253. SZATHMARY S., 1960 - Die cleistothecien. Bildung von Ctenomyces trichophyticum, Trichophyton gypseus var. asteroides auf steriliserten Heu. Mykosen, 3: 77-83. TASSI F., 1902 - I generi Phyllosticta Pers., Phoma Fr., Macrophoma (Sacc.) Berl. et Vogl. e i loro generi analoghi, giusta la legge d'analogia. Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Siena, 5(1-2): 1-76. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 167-174 January-March 1994 LAMBERTELLINIA SCUTULOIDES (SCLEROTINIACEAE), A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FOR A DISCOMYCETE PREVIOUSLY CONFUSED WITH HYMENOSCYPHUS CAUDATUS RICHARD P. KORF & PAVEL LIZON Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853-4203, USA Abstract A phaeosporous member of the Sclerotiniaceae, a new genus and species, Lambertellinia scutuloides Korf & Lizon, with a substratal stroma and an Idriella anamorph, is described. KEYWORDS: Sclerotiniaceae, Lambertellinia, L. scutu- loides, Leotiaceae, Hymenoscyphus caudatus, Idriella. During a survey of the genus Hymenoscyphus an unidentified collection of a helotioid Discomycete from Japan was studied. It has some similarities in spore shape and size to Hymenoscyphus caudatus (P. Karst.) Dennis. Another collection, which we treat as conspecific with the Japanese collection, was published under that name by Kimbrough & Atkinson (1972). The Japanese collection is distinguished from the members of Hymenoscyphus, as understood by us (Lizon, 1992), in having light brown spores and a different construction of the excipular structures, and in producing a substratal stroma. We propose it here as a new species and a new genus in the family Sclerotiniaceae. 168 Lambertellinia scutuloides Korf & Lizon, gen. & sp. n. = (Helotium berberidis Sydow, Mycoth. March. no. 1576, 1887 (nom. nud.) Misappl.: Hymenoscyphus caudatus (P. Karst.) Dennis sensu Kimbrough & Atkinson, Amer. J. Bot. 59:165-171, 1972; sensu Dennis, Mycol. Pap. 62:82, 1956, pro parte. Apothecia stipitata, lutea, solitaria, stromatis substratalibus. Discus plano-concavus, luteus vel aurantiacus. Receptaculum cupulare, stramineum vel aureum, ad 3.5 mm diam. Stipes concolor, basi brunnescens, 1-4 mm longus et 0.2-1 mm crassus. Excipulum ectale exterius ex textura porrecta bene evoluta formatum (5-20 um latum), hyphis stramineis vel aureis, 0.5 - 1.5 Um diam., excipulum ectale interius ex textura porrecta vel oblita formatum (ca. 15 um latum) hyphis flavidis, stratum intermedium (35-55 um latum) ex hyphis hyalinis et refractivis, 3-6.5 um diam., muris gelatinosis formatum. Excipulum medullare ex textura porrecta vel intricata formatum (ca. 20 um latum), hyphis parallelis vel intertextis, 1.5 um diam. Asci cylindrico-clavati, octospovi, (82-) 84.5-100 (-116) x (5.6-) 6.6.-7.5 (-8.3) um, poro in Melzero caerulescente, non ex uncis orientes. Paraphyses filiformes, 1.5 Um diam. et ascos non transeuntes. Ascosporae oblique biseriatae, clavatae (“scutuloideae’) vel inaequilaterales, laeves, primum hyalinae et non-septatae, demum intra ascum pigmentum manifestantes, brunneae vel hyalinae, saepe 1-septatae, (13.8-) 15.4-16.9 (-18.5) x (2.3-) 3.1-3.5 (-3.8) um. Holotypus: CUP-JA 2252. Apothecia yellow, long-stipitate, arising from a black substratal stroma, scattered. Receptacle deep cupulate, with a sharp margin, pale yellow to golden yellow (to brownish), slightly furrowed towards the stipe, up to 3 mm diam. Disc concave to plane, darker yellow than the outer surface to orange-yellow. Stipe cylindric, pale yellow to golden-yellow (to brownish), sometimes brownish towards the base, mainly longer than the diameter of the receptacle, 1-4 x 0.2-1 mm, usually with a black ring of stromatal tissue in the flesh of the base. 169 Ectal excipulum of 2-3 layers of textura porrecta. Outermost covering layer (5.0-20 um wide) of parallel, straw- or golden-yellow pigmented hyphae 0.5-1.5 um diam., outer ectal excipulum (35-55 um wide) of parallel hyphae 3.0-6.5 um, hyaline with glassy gelatinized walls, inner ectal excipular cells light yellow with more visible walls (layer about 15 um wide). Medullary excipulum of textura porrecta to textura intricata, forming a layer about 20 um wide on the flanks, Lambertellinia scutuloides, an apothecial section of holotype specimen at CUP: ME - medullary excipulum, EC - medullary excipulum, ie - inner layer of ectal excipulum, ge — gelatinous layer of ectal excipulum, ce — covering layer of ectal excipulum. 170 composed of parallel or slightly interwoven hyaline hyphae 1.5 um diam. Asci cylindric-clavate, conical at the apex, (82—-) 84.5-100 (-116) x (5.6-) 6.6-7.5 (-8.3) um, pore weakly blue in Melzer’s reagent, not arising from croziers. Paraphyses filiform, 1.5 um diam., not extending beyond the asci. Ascospores biseriate or irregularly uniseriate, clavate to inequilateral, “scutuloid’! hyaline and non-septate when young, light brown or hyaline and occasionally 1- septate when mature and when discharged, with 1-4 (-5) guttules when inasci, but usually eguttulate when discharged, smooth, (13.8-) 15.4— 16.9 (-18.5) x (2.3-) 3.1-3.5 (-3.8) um. Stroma substratal, well developed, rind-like, covering nearly the whole surface of petioles, evident as a superficial blackening of the substrate, in transverse section as a blackened zone surrounding the epidermal cells, in facial view as blackish intercellular lines. HOLOTYPE: Japan: Honshu, Tsugawa, Ogunimachi, Yamagata Pref., 500-800 m, On Aesculus turbinata, 28. VIII.1961, D. Shimizu (CUP-JA 2252). ETYMOLOGY: Lambertellinia refers to the relationship to Lambertella, and scutuloides refers to the shape of ascospores, similar in shape to those of Hymenoscyphus caudatus and H. scutulus. SUBSTRATA: Petioles of Acer, Aesculus, and Bevberis. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: JAPAN: Honshu, Tsugawa, Ogunimachi, Yamagata Pref., 500 - 800 m, On Aesculus turbinata, 28. VIII.1961, D. Shimizu (holotype of Lambertellinia scutuloides, CUP-JA 2252). [GERMANY], Auf Berberis vulgaris, Hippodrom bei Berlin, VIII.1887, P. Sydow (Sydow, Mycoth. March. no. 1576, 1887: FH, NY, “syntypes’ of Helotium berberidis Syd.). A culture derived from a collection of a discomycete on leaves of Acer rubrum, identified by Kimbrough & Atkinson (1972) as Hymenoscyphus caudatus, produced an Idriella anamorph. It is clearly different from Hymenoscyphus caudatus. The original specimen is not available but according to the description ascospores ' The term “scutuloid” was introduced by Baral (Baral & Krieglsteiner, 1985) for clavate spores in the genus Hymenoscyphus with the apex rounded and often slightly hooked to one side, and the base pointed. a | developed 1-2 septa before germination, and a brown coloration. Both these characters exclude it from Hymenoscyphus in the current sense. Based on the description and excellent illustrations of the characters of the excipulum, spores and asci we believe their collection belongs to Lambertellinia scutuloides. Kimbrough and Atkinson's misinterpretation of H. caudatus was followed by Hennebert & Bellemére (1979), Kendrick & DiCosmo (1979), von Arx (1981), Rappaz (1992), and Rodrigues & Samuels (1992). Sydow has issued in his Mycotheca Marchica Helotium berberidis Syd. (no. 1576, 1887), but no description was provided on the exsiccati label. This species has apparently never been described. The collection has apothecia dark brown (nearly blackish) when dry, brownish when rehydrated, outer surface yellowish, stipe yellow, thin, about half as long as the diameter of the receptacle. Apothecia arise from stromatized veins and petioles of leaves. The ectal excipulum is of textura porrecta, including a layer of hyphae with gelatinized walls. Asci are clavate, conical at the apex, pore weakly blue in Melzer’s reagent. Paraphyses are filiform, not exceeding the ascus tips, 2,2 um diam. Ascospores are biseriate, cylindric clavate, “scutuloid’, deep brown to hyaline, non-septate, 16.2 x 4.5, 16.8 x 4.8, 17.1 x 4.5, 17.4 x 42, 18.0 x 4.8, 19.8 x 3.6 um. [all data derived from dry material]. These characters clearly show that this collection (‘species’) is conspecific with Lambertellinia scutuloides as described here, since the difference in apothecial color when dry may represent only the conditions under which they were dried, and the age of the specimens. Dennis (1956) examined specimens of Helotium berberidis in Sydow’s Mycotheca Marchica and noted that it “is H. caudatum but is apparently a nomen nudum.” He overlooked the brown coloration of spores. We have searched for a description of this species but we have found only a note on the publication of this exsiccatum (Bot. Zeitung 46:204, 1888). A “syntype” specimen at FH has several well developed apothecia, while the “syntype” at NY consists mostly of broken leaves bearing no apothecia. 172 TAXONOMIC POSITION OF LAMBERTELLINIA Though there are some genera of the Leotiaceae which produce brown ascospores, or tardily brown ascospores, none of these (Phaeohelotium, Bulgaria, Bulgariella, Sorokina, Polydiscidium, Velutarina, Pestalopezia, Trochila, Catinella, among others) has an excipular structure at all recalling that of Lambertellinia, and all lack a substratal stroma. The stroma is the clearest indication that we are dealing here with a member of the Sclerotiniaceae. Substratal stromata occur in many genera of the Sclerotiniaceae, and normally are an indication that infection of the substrate has occurred while it was still living. Among the genera with brown or brownish ascospores and a substratal stroma are currently only Lambertella and Phaeociboria (if that is considered distinct, synonymized by Dumont, 1971). The new genus differs markedly from species of Lambertella in the long-celled structure of the ectal excipulum and, in particular, in the production of an Idriella anamorph (no species of Lambertella is known to produce a conidial anamorph). There are species in the Hymenoscyphus subserotinus “group,” mostly tropical, which may prove to be more closely related to Lambertellinia scutuloides than to other members of Hymenoscyphus. Like Lambertellinia, they display a more or less strongly gelatinized or glassy, long-celled excipular structure, and ascospores that are frequently scutuloid (though not regularly turning brown), and there is some evidence of a substratal (but limited) stroma. None have been shown to produce a conidial anamorph. They appear to represent an interface between Leotiaceae (Hymenoscyphoideae) and Sclerotiniaceae. One species in this group, Lanzia serotina (Pers. : Fr.) Korf & Zhuang, has recently been shown to produce an extensive stroma in culture but no conidial anamorph (Zhuang, 1993). Equally puzzling are two species of Crocicreas (or of Cyathicula if that is considered distinct from Crocicreas as suggested by Baral & Krieglsteiner, 1985) collected by the senior author in Macaronesia. Pure cultures of these two collections produce a substratal stroma in some, but not all, culture media. It seems probable that other members of cyathiculoid fungi may also represent an interface between Sclerotiniaceae and Leotiaceae. For example, Cyathicula hyalina Beaton has been transferred to Poculum (or, more correctly, to Rutstroemia) on the basis of the presence of a well-developed 173 substratal stroma. Unlike typical Rutstroemia spp., however, this has spores brown at maturity, according to Carpenter (1981). The senior author has unpublished data on European collections of a common Rutstroemia species that also develops brown pigmentation on spore germination. In addition, many (mainly tropical) species placed in such genera as Hymenoscyphus and Cyathicula are simply insufficiently investigated to determine whether a substratal stroma is produced. For most, no cultures exist to prove the point, or to demonstrate the presence of a conidial anamorph. Acknowledgments We wish to thank Dr. Linda Kohn (University of Toronto) for reviewing this paper and Dr. William J. Dress (Cornell University) for the revision of the Latin diagnosis. This research was supported by Anna E. Jenkins bequest in a form of a postdoctoral fellowship to the junior author. Literature cited Arx, J. A. von, 1981: Notes on Microdochium and Idriella. Sydowia 34:30-38. Baral, H. O. & Krieglsteiner, G. J., 1985: Bausteine zu einer Ascomyceten-Flora der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: In Siiddeutschland gefundene inoperculate Discomyzeten. Beih. Z. Mykol. 6:1-160. Dennis, R. W. G., 1956: A revision of the British Helotiaceae in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with notes on related European species. Mycol. Pap. 62:1-216. Carpenter, S. E., 1981: Monograph of Crocicreas (Ascomycetes, Helotiales, Leotiaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 33:1-290. Hennebert, G. L. & Bellemére, A., 1979: Les formes conidiennes des Discomycétes. Essai taxonomique. Rev. Mycol. (Paris) 43:259-315. 174 Kendrick, B. & DiCosmo, F., 1979: Teleomorph-anamorph connections in Ascomycetes. In: Kendrick, B. (ed.), The whole fungus 1:283-359, Ottawa. Kimbrough, J. W. & Atkinson, M., 1972: Cultural features and imperfect state of Hymenoscyphus caudatus. Amer. J. Bot. 59:165-171. Lizon, P., 1992: The genus Hymenoscyphus (Helotiales) in Slovakia, Czechoslovakia. Mycotaxon 45:1-59. Persoon, C. H., 1801: Synopsis methodica fungorum. Pars 1. p. [II}/- XXX, (1}+-240, pars 2, o. [241}-706, [I-II], Gottingae [Gottingen]. Rappaz, F., 1992: Phomatospora berkeleyi, P. arenaria and their Sporothrix anamorphs. Mycotaxon 45:323—330. Rodriguez, K. F. & Samuels, G. J., 1992: Idriella species endophytic in palms. Mycotaxon 43:271-276. Zhuang, W.-y., 1993: Lanzia serotina in culture. Acta Mycol. Sinica 12: 85-86. MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 175-189 January-March 1994 AGARICALES OF BAJA CALIFORNIA - MEXICO M. Candusso! - A. Gennari2 - N. Ayala? 1 Via Grandi 28 I-21047-Saronno 2 Via Anconetana 35/a I-52100 Arezzo 3 Laboratorio de Micologia-Universidad Autonoma de Baja California-Mexico Abstract A preliminary agaric checklist covering all the species collected is presented. Four of them: Clitocybe pinophila, Omphalina rosella, Lactarius argillaceifolius var. megacarpus and L. alnicola are fully described and discussed. Key words: Fungi, Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Russulales, Clitocybe, Omphalina, Lactarius, Clitocybe pinophila, Omphalina rosella, Lactarius alnicola, L. argillaceifolius var. megacarpus. Introduction A large number of fresh fruiting bodies of Agaricales were collected and identified during a brief stay in Baja California - Ensenada - Mexico. Of the 23 species listed 4, considered to be especially interesting, were described in detail. The state of Baja California has an amazing floral diversity due to a wide range of habitats, going from sand dunes to oak woods up to the pine forests at 1600 m above sea level. The climate is rather similar to that typical of the Mediterrancan area, with very hot summers and relatively cool winters. Prior to our stay the rainfall in the single month of January had been exceptional, this circumstances affected badly our expedition to Sierra Juarez. Materials and Methods Microscopic examination, measurements and drawings were made using a Bausch & Lomb and an Olympus BH2 microscopes, equipped with planapochromatic lens and drawing tubes. Freehand sections were mounted in 2% KOH and stained in Melzer's reagent and/or congo red. The material studied is deposited partly in the herbarium of UABC-Ensenada-Mexico and partly in the herbarium of the first author. Taxonomy Bolbitius vitellinus (Pers.: Fr.)Fr. var. fragilis (L.: Fr.), Ep. Syst. Myc.: 254, 1838. 176 PLAYA HERMOSA - ENSENADA-B.C.: 12-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : on sandy soil between the sea and a lagoon. Exs. N° 93021204. Clitocybe fragrans (With.: Fr.) Kummer, Der Fihrer in die Pilzk.: 121, 1871. PLAYA HERMOSA - ENSENADA-B.C.: 12-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : on sandy soil between the sea and a lagoon. Exs. N° 93021205. Clitocybe pinophila (Peck) Saccardo, Syll. Fung. V: 183, 1887. Agaricus (Clitocybe) pinophilus Peck, Rep. New York State Mus. 31: 32, 1879. ASERRADERO-RANCHO LAS BOTELLAS SIERRA JUAREZ: 17-02-93 leg.: C. Sigitenza Lopez, det.: MLC. Habitat : on needles of Pinus jeffreyi, granitic soil, elev. approx. 1520 mt. Exs. N° 93021702. Original description Agaricus (Clitocybe) Pinophilus Pk. Pileus thin, convex, umbilicate or centrally depressed, glabrous, moist, pale tan-color, paler or alutaceous when dry; lamellae moderately close, subarcuate, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish; stem equal, stuffed or hollow; glabrous or subpruinose, colored like the pileus; spores nearly elliptical, .0002-.00025 long; odor and taste resembling that of fresh meal. Plant 1 -2' high, pileus about 1' broad, stem 1" -2" thick. Ground under pine trees. Albany and Ticonderoga. July and August. Description Pileus 1,5-3 cm broad, plane, plano-convex, depressed at centre, then infundibuliform; surface glabrous, looking waxy, hygrophanous; margin thin, slightly projecting; date-brown, brownish-yellow, pale brown, buff, ochre- brown, honey color, pallescent on drying, margin paler. Lamellae from adnate to broadly adnate or slightly decurrent, rather crowded, anastomosed and intervenose mostly near the lamellulae, L/l = 1/3-5; cream- ochre color, sub-concolor to pileus, hygrophanous. Stipe 1,5-4 x 0,2-0,5 cm, cylindrical, sometimes compressed, often flexuose, spindle-shaped, slightly swollen towards base, sometimes with white rhizoids at the base of the stem; surface smooth, minutely fibrillose; pale brown, pale fawn, sub-concolor with pileus, paler specially at apex. Context pale brownish, hygrophanous, sub-concolor with surface, smell spontaneously often subnitrous or weak, taste none. 40 um Stipitipellis, trama, st pileipellis, tr Clitocybe pinophila: pi ba spores. basidia, sp = 178 Habitat on needles of Pinus jeffreyi. Microscopic features Spores (4,5)-5-6,4 x 2,8-3,5 yum, ellipsoid, oval, smooth, hyaline, negative in Melzer's reagent. Basidia subcylindric, clavate, stout, often bubble-shaped towards base (up to 3,5-5 ym), with clamp connections, (18)-20-23 x 4,5-6 pm, 4-spored, (rarely 2-spored). Pileipellis a cutis with cylindrical cells, irregular, 25-75 x 5-10 pm, with several clamp connections. Pigment intracellular, yellow-brownish. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical hyphae, with rounded terminal elements 75- 140 x 5-10 pm. Trama of the gills made of parallel to subparallel hyphae, 70-120 x 5-12 ym, with several clamps. Clamps present in all tissues. Observations: In Peck's description there is no mention of the intervenose or anastomosed lamellae we observed in our specimens. Clitocybe subbulbipes shows much the same macroscopical features, but has different habitat. The latter is very close to C. americana but differs in its color and the presence of a finely encrusting pigment in the pileipellis. C. californiensis is distinct by the absence of intervenose lamellae and habitat (Quercus agrifolia). All these species grow under hardwood trees while the former fruits under conifers (Pinus jeffreyi). It is also close to C. acerba Bigelow, but the latter is readily distinguished by its whitish color and smaller spores. The smell as noted by us was not farinaceous but weakly nitrous. A good color reproduction of C. pinophila can be seen in the recently published "Mushrooms of North America” by R. Philips under the name of C. subbulbipes. Clitocybe trullaeformis (Fr.: Fr.) P. Karst., Ryssl. Finl. Skand. Halféns Hattsvamp. 1: 72, 1879. LAS CHICHIHUAS-KM. 80 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA-TIJUANA: 10-02-93 leg.: G. Moreno-M.C., det. M.C. Habitat : on soil with Rhus integrifolia, Quercus agrifolia, elev. approx. 420 mt. Exs. N° 93021002. Coprinus lagopides P. Karst., Ryssl. Finl. Skand. Halféns Hattsvamp. 1: 535, 1879. LA PINTA-SAN QUINTIN: 13-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : on sandy soil near the sea. Exs. N° 93021302 179 Entoloma sericeum (Bull. ex) Quél. var. sericeum, Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard, sér. II, 5: 119, 1872. LAS CHICHIHUAS-KM. 80 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA-TIJUANA: 10-02-93 leg.: M.C., det.: A. Galbusera Habitat : on grass near Rhus integrifolia, elev. approx. 420 mt. Exs. N° 93021006 Entoloma lividoalbum (Kiihn. & Romagn.) Kubicka, Ceska Mykol. 29: 27, 1975. CANADA VERDE-KM. 106 CARRETERA TECATE MEXICALI: 06-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : Quercus agrifolia, elev. approx. 1000 mt. Exs. N° 93020602. Laccaria bicolor (R. Mre.) Orton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 43: 177, 1960 CANON DE STA.ROSA-KM.78 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA-TIJUANA: 10-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : Quercus agrifolia near the Sta. Rosa's river, elev. approx. 420 mt. Exs. N° 3021005. Lactarius alnicola A.H. Smith var. alnicola, Brittonia 12: 319, 1960. IGNACIO ZARAGOZA-KM..65 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA-TECATE: 06-02-93 leg. et det. A.G. Habitat: Quercus agrifolia, elev. approx. 350 mt. Exs. N° 93020609. Original description Pileus 8-15 cm latus, convexo-depressus, glutinosus, luteus, ad marginem pubescens; sapor forte acris; latex albus; lamellae tactu luteae. Specimen typicum legit A.H. Smith (N° 59648), 5 Aug. 1958, Warm Lake, Idaho, U.S.A. (MICH). Description Pileus 5-12(18) cm, at first convex, broadly depressed, margin inrolled and slightly velvety, in age often nearly plane, surface slightly viscid, zonate when young, ochraceous yellow, paler at the margin, like L. zonarius. Lamellae adnate-decurrent, arcuate, close to crowded, narrow, cream whitish, many lamellulae present. Stipe 3-7 x 2-3 cm, cylindrical, broadened at apex, somewhat smaller at the base, stuffed then hollow, pubescent, whitish to cream yellowish, with rare yellow scrobiculation. Context white, yellow when cut, taste at first mild becoming somewhat acrid only after some minutes. Latex white, copious, turning citron yellow instantly. ae sp —_ ch Lactarius argillaceifolius var. megacarpus: sp = spores, ch = cheilocystidia a | ca AG. Lactarius alnicola var. alnicola: pi = pileipellis, sp = spores, ch = cheilocystidia, ca = caulocystidia pl 181 KOH yellow on pileus cuticle, citron yellow on flesh. Habitat: under Quercus agrifolia. Microscopic features Spores 6,5-9,5(10) x 6-9 ym, ellipsoid to subglobose, with a partial reticulum, prominences relatively high. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, 40-50 x 9-13 pm. Cheilocystidia (30)-50-90 x 3-8 jm, clavate, narrow, with acuminate apex. Caulocystidia in KOH yellow. Pileipellis an ixocutis of 3-6 ym wide, encrusted hyphae. Observations: The european L. zonarius is very close, but is readily distinguished by the whitish latex. Other species of Lactarius which resemble our species are: L. payettensis, L. yazoonensis, L. olympianus, L. psammicola Jm. glaber, L. alnicola var. pitkinensis and L. alnicola var. pungens. Lactarius argillaceifolius Hesler & Smith var. megacarpus Hesler & Smith North Am. Sp. of Lactarius: 369, 1979. KM.15 AL PARQUE NACIONAL COSTITUCION DEV.KM. 55 - ENSENADA-S.FELIPE: 17-02-93 leg.: A.G.-M.C.-C. Sigiienza-M. Lizarraga, det. A.G.-M.C. Habitat: Quercus agrifolia, Quercus dummii, Rhus integrifolia, elev. approx. 1100 mt. Exs. N° 93021701 Original description Pileus 14-27 cm latus, viscidus, azonatus, luteolus vel ad marginem pallido- avellaneus. Latex albus, constans, branchias colore brunnaceotingens. Lamellae adnatae, paene subdistantes, luteolae. Stipes 16-20 cm longus, 40- 5O mm crassus, leviter viscidus, basi albus, apice sordide luteolus. Sporae 7.5- 10.5 x 6.5-8 uu. Specimen typicum in Herbarium University of Tennessee, Thiers 18556 (TENN 35424), legit Prope Santa Barbara, California, 28 Jan 1967. Description Pileus 12-22 cm, convex, plano-convex, regular to very irregular, with deep central depression. Pileal covering smooth, slightly and finely velvety when dry, margin hardly viscid when moist, strongly inrolled, extremely wavy, irregular, indented, pubescent and strongly striate. Often with soil particles overall. Grayish violet, lilac lead-gray, with buff tinges, disc with lighter 182 ochraceus color. Margin silvery gray. Reminiscent of Russula cyanoxantha. Lamellae adnate, slightly decurrent, at times forked at stipe attachment, crowded. L/] = 1/5-7, of medium thickness, narrow. Argillaceous cream, dark cream, staining brownish, vinaceous gray when touched. Latex very acrid after about 10 seconds, cream to ivory cream. Stipe 8-12 x 3-6-(8) cm, cylindrical, slightly ventricose, very irregular, canaliculate, compressed, tapering at base, hollow, stuffed. Surface smooth, finely pubescent, hardly viscid when wet, at times scrobiculate, whitish ochraceous-cream, staining brownish yellow. Context tough in outer layer of stipe, pithy-cottony inside, white, cream, sometimes almost pink, subconcolor under the cuticle. Taste slightly acrid after a short while, odor slightly Pentalomide-like (cimicic). Habitat under Californian oaks, gregarious to caespitose. Microscopic features Spores 8-9(10) x 6,5-7,5 jm, ellipsoid, ornamentation of fine lines not forming a complete reticulum. Basidia 4-spored. Cheilocystidia fusoid with acuminate apex, irregular, with one or more constriction toward the apex. Pileipellis an ixotrichodermium formed by a tangle of hyphae 2.5-4.5 ym wide, with rounded and/or capitulate end-cells, some dissepiments and branchings with yellowish intracellular pigment and pieces of blackish brown extracellular pigment. Observations: The pileipellis structure, undoubtedly trichodermial according to our observation, does not fit with the original description. Macrolepiota rachodes (Vittadini) Singer var. bohemica (Wichansky) Bellu & Lanzoni, Beitr. Kenn. Pilze Mittel. III: 191, 1987. RANCHO LOS JACARANDAS-CANON LAS ANIMAS: 07-02-93 leg.: N. Ayala-M. Lizarraga, det.: N.A.-M.C. Habitat : under Sambucus mexicanus, elev. approx. 200 mt. Exs. N° 93020708. Micromphale inodorum (Pat.) Dennis, Kew Bull. 15, 1: 90, 1961. LAS CHICHIHUAS-KM. 80 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA-TIJUANA: 10-02-93 leg.: A.G., det.: A.G.-M.C. Habitat : Heteromeles arbutifolia, elev. approx. 420 mt. Exs. N° 93021004. 183 Nothopanus cf. lignatilis (Pers.: Fr.) Bon RANCHO LOS JACARANDAS-CANON LAS ANIMAS: 07-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : on Opuntia litoralis, elev. approx. 200 mt. Exs. N° 93020704. Omphalina rosella (Lge.) Moser, Helmut Gam's KI]. Krypt. Mitt. II: 58, 1953. Basionymum ( = Omphalia rosella Lge., Dansk Bot. Arkiv 6(5): 14). RANCHO LOS JACARANDAS-CANON LAS ANIMAS: 07-02-93 Habitat : on grasslands near Q. agrifolia, elev. 200 mt. Exs. N° 93020701. LAS CHICHIHUAS-KM. 80 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA-TIJUANA: 10-02-93 Habitat : on grassland, elev. approx. 420 mt. Exs. N° 93021018. KM.71-SAN QUINTIN-STA.INES: 13-02-93 Habitat : grass on granitic soil, elev. approx. 30 mt. Exs. N° 93021301, leg. et det. M.C. Original description Small. Cap 0.7-1.5cm., membranaceous, at first umbilicate with incurved edge, then infundibuliform, of a pale and somewhat dingy pink color (without striation), centre slightly dirt-brownish. The edge is somewhat irregularly crenato-fimbriate and slightly rugoso-plicate. When dry the color is paler and duller. Gills deeply decurrent rather narrow, somewhat furcate, rather distant, pale pink. Stem short (1-2 cm. x 1% mm.), at first pinkish, then whitish, glabrous, somewhat wavy, not particularly tough and not hollow. Spores cylindrical-ellipsoid, obliquely pedicellate, 712-9 x 4-412 yu. Basidia 4- spored. Cystidia scattered, short hairshaped about 4 yu thick (the base, which is imbedded in the tissue of the gill, about 6 y). Fig. specim. (D.A. 292): "Slukefter” near Odense, in a park, gregarious on old lawn, (light soil), Oct. 1921 (and 23). Pileus diametro 0.7-1.5 cm., membranaceus, umbilicatus (margine incurvato) dein infundibuliformis, laevigatus, roseolus (pars centralis sordide subfulva), margine (in adultis) crenato-fimbriato vel rugoso-plicato, pallescens; lamellis longe decurrentibus, angustis subfurcatis, subdistantibus, pallide roseolis. Stipes brevis (1-2 cm. x 1% mm.), roseolus (in adultis albus), glabratus. Sporae et cystidia ut supra. - Description Pileus 0,5-1,5-(2) cm broad, convex to concave, usually deeply umbilicate, infundibuliform, with slightly to distinctly involute margin when young, then straight or reflexed and fringed in old specimens; surface slightly velvety, dry, 184 color very variable, first dirty white or pale ochre, then whitish cream, yellowish cream, pinkish white, pinkish ochre, with centre brownish when mature. Lamellae deeply decurrent, arcuate, anastomosed, rather distant, 2- 3-furcate, L/l = 1/1-3, white, cream, pinkish, then ochre with tender pinkish tinge, with heteromorphous and sometimes pink or brown edge. Stipe 2-3 x 0,1-0,2 cm, cylindrical, solid, smooth, dry, sometimes broadened at base, subconcolor with pileus. Habitat terrestrial in groups in grasslands, often on rather poor, sandy soil; near Quercus agrifolia and Skinus mollis. Microscopic features Spores (6,5)-7-9-(9,5) x 4,5-5,5 ym, subamygdaliform, subpyriform, ellipsoid, with evident hilar apiculus, smooth. Basidia clavate, subcylindrical, 30-35 x 7- 9 pm, 4-spored, sterigmata 4-5 x 1,5-2 ym wide, with clamp connections at base. Cheilocystidia making the edge heteromorphous, conspicuous, clavate, mucronate, apically forked (obtuse), cylindrical, irregular, hyaline. Pileipellis a cutis with subcylindrical, subellipsoid elements, with rounded, sometimes free terminal cells, of variable diameter and rather versiform 30- 250 x 5-15 pm. Stipitipellis a cutis with elements 50-75 x 5-7,5 jm, sometimes with subcylindrical, free elements, with rounded terminal cells. Clamp connections present at every septum. Trama of the gills with mostly filamentous and regular hyphae, rather dense, with subparallel arrangement, formed mainly by subcylindrical, subellipsoid elements 25-40 x 5-9 ym. Clamps present in all tissues. Observations: O. rosella resembles O. ericetorum (= O. umbellifera) but differs mainly by the absence of clamp connections and the presence of cheilocystidia. In addition it differs from O. subclavata (Peck) Murrill among other characters by the total absence of yellow-olive tinges. Another species that is very close, but has white colors and habitat in coniferous woods is O. californiensis. O. jalapensis has different spore-size (5 x 3,5 jum). Murrill published several species of Omphalia in 1916 (O. Mac Murphyi, O. Bakeri, O. tepeitensis, O. niveicolor ecc.), but we were unable to find our species among them because the descriptions are either very incomplete or too short. Omphalotus olivascens Bigelow, Miller & Thiers var. indigo Moreno, Esteve- Raventos, Péder & Ayala (Mycotaxon in print). CANON DE STA.ROSA-KM.78 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA- Omphalina rosella: tr = trama, ch = cheilocystidia, ba = basidia, Sp = spores, st = stipitipellis, pi = pileipellis 185 186 TIJUANA: 10-02-93 leg.: M.C., det.: G. Moreno-M.C. Habitat : Quercus agrifolia, elev. approx. 420 mt. Exs. N° 93021003. Observations: For a long time this species was confused with O. olearius or O. illudens. The abundance of specimens of O. olivascens in all stages of development (with pileus diameter up to 35 cm) collected in Baja California, along with our previous experience of both Mediterranean species, enabled us to confirm the validity of the species proposed by Bigelow, Miller & Thiers in Mycotaxon (1976). Pluteus nanus (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer, Der Fiihrer in die Pilzk.: 98, 1871. PLAYA HERMOSA-ENSENADA:; 12-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : Haplopapus sp., Pluchea sericea on marsches with grass. Exs. N° 93021201. Psilocybe coprophila (Bull.: Fr.) Kummer, Der Fihrer in die Pilzk.: 71, 1871. LAS CHICHIHUAS-KM. 80 CARRETERA LIBRE-ENSENADA-TIJUANA: 10-02-93 leg. et det.: M.C. Habitat : on dung, elev. approx. 420 mt. Exs. N° 93021001. Tricholoma columbetta (Fr.: Fr.) Kummer, Der Fiihrer in die Pilzk.: 131, 1871. KM.15 AL PARQUE NACIONAL COSTITUCION DEVIACION KM.55- ENSENADA-S.FELIPE: 17-02-93 leg.: G. Giana, det.: A.G. Habitat : Quercus agrifolia, elev. approx. 1100 mt. Exs. N° 93021703. Volvariella gloiocephala (DC.: Fr.) Boekh. & Enderle, Beitr. Kenntn. Pilze Mitteleur. 2: 78, 1986. RANCHO LOS JACARANDAS-CANON LAS ANIMAS: 07-02-93 leg. et det.: A.G.-M.C. Habitat : on grasslands, elev. approx. 200 mt. Exs. N° 93020703. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California for the assistance and for providing additional financial support. During this visit we had the assistance of Prof. G. Moreno and Dr. C. Ochoa in identifying some of the described species. We would like to express our appreciation to members of the Universidad de Alcala de Henares - Madrid : Dr. Miriam Blanco, Dr. C. Illana and Dr. R. Galan; to the members of Universita di Trieste : F. Bersan, Dr. G. Giana, Dr. M. Sarasini and Amer Montecchi for collecting fungi. 187 Thanks also to Biol. C. Sigiienza Lopez for the determinations of host plants and for supplying valuable field information and personal observations. A special note of gratitude is due to M. Lizarraga and Biol. J. Delgadillo who have provided us valuable collections and field data. All of these people were also wonderful partners during various trips to several localities in Baja California. We wish to thank Prof. Dr. M. Moser for the review of this manuscript. References Arora, David 1979: Mushrooms Demystified. Berkeley, Ca. Ayala, Nahara & G. Guzman 1984: Los hongos de la Peninsula de Baja California. I. Las especies conocidas. Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micologia 19: 73-91. Bigelow, Howard E. 1958: New species and varieties of Clitocybe from Michigan. Mycologia 50: 37-51. Bigelow, Howard E. 1970: Omphalina in North America. Mycologia 62: I- 32: Bigelow, Howard E. 1977: New taxa of Clitocybe. Mycotaxon 6: 181-185. Bigelow, Howard E. 1982: North American Species of Clitocybe. Part I. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 72. Bigelow, Howard E. 1985: North American Species of Clitocybe. Part II. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 81. Bigelow, H. & A.H. Smith 1962: Clitocybe species from the Western United States. Mycologia 54: 498-515. Bigelow, H.-O.K. Miller Jr.-H.D. Thiers 1976: A new species of Omphalotus. Mycotaxon 3: 363-372. Boekhout, Teun 1990: Volvariella in Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 2: 56. Guzman, Gastén 1973: Some distributional relationships between Mexican and United States mycofloras. Mycologia 65: 1319-1330. Guzman, Gastén 1980: Identificacién de los hongos. Limusa, D.F., Mexico. Hesler, L.R. & A.H. Smith 1979: North American Species of Lactarius. The University of Michigan. Hesler, L.R. & A.H. Smith 1960: Studies on Lactarius-II. The North American species of sections Scrobiculus, Crocei, Theiogali and Vellus. Brittonia 12, N° 4: 306-350. Kauffman, C.H. 1918: The Agaricaceae of Michigan. 2 Vols. Johnson Reprint. Laferriére J.E. & R.L. Gilbertson 1992: Fungi of Nabogame, Chihuahua, Mexico. Mycotaxon 44: 73-87. Lamoure, D. 1974-75: Agaricales de la zone alpine. Genre Omphalina. Travaux scientifiques du Parc National de la Vanoise V-VI. Lange, Jakob E. 1930: Studies in the Agarics of Denmark. Omphalia. 188 Pleurotus. Clitocybe. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 6 (5): 1-19. Lange, Jakob E. 1935: Flora Agaricina Danica. Copenhagen. Moser, Meinhard 1978: Kleine Krypt. Flora. Band II, Teil b 2. Gustav Fischer. Mueller, Gregory M. 1992: Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with Discussions on Extralimital Taxa and Descriptions of Extant Types. Fieldiana (1435) 30: 1-158. Murrill, William A. 1913: The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast-IV. New species od Clitocybe and Melanoleuca. Mycologia 5: 206-223. Murrill, W.A. 1912: The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast-Il. Mycologia 4: 231-262. Murrill, W.A. 1912: The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast-III. Mycologia 4: 294-308. Orr, Robert T. & Dorothy B. 1979: Mushrooms of Western North America. Univ. California Press. Parks, H.E. 1919: Notes on California fungi. Mycologia 11: 10-21. Peck, Charles H. 1889: Report of the New York State Museum 31: 32. Pérez-Silva E. & E. Aguirre-Acosta 1985: Micoflora del Estado de Durango, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Micologia 1: 315-329. Pilat, Albert 1936: Atlas des Champignons de l'Europe. Omphalia (Fr.) Quél. Praga. Redhead, S.A. & L.K. Weresub 1978: On Omphalia and Omphalina. Mycologia 70: 556-568. Saccardo, Pier A. 1925: Sylloge Fungorum Vol. XXIII: 46-112. Singer, Rolf 1964: Die Gattung Gerronema. Nova Hedwigia 7: 53-92. 189 Omphalina rosella (Lange) Moser ; 4 i | { f \ “ne Yr Ae ’ if & i é a | “i h = q 5 %, ‘ i F ¢ ; rn ' z as 7m y af ‘ i é 7 ' f } : 7 ‘ { 7 A { \ ~ \ ‘ ) 2a aN uy cee ES 3% ay eke ‘ j iy MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 191-198 January-March 1994 PHAULOMYCES SIMPLOCARIAE SP. NOV. (ASCOMYCETES, LABOULBENIALES) FROM SIMPLOCARIA SEMISTRIATA (COLEOPTERA, BYRRHIDAE) ASDEARBS BL Nationale Plantentuin van Belgié, Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise (Belgium). SUMMARY A new species of the genus Phaulomyces (Ascomycetes, Laboulbeniales), parasitic on Simplocaria semistriata Fabricius (Coleoptera, Byrrhidae) is described and illustrated: Phaulomyces simplocariae sp. nov. INTRODUCTION The genus Phaulomyces from Thaxter (1931) occurs on various host-families and comprises, including the new species, eleven species. Four species have been reported in Europe (Santamaria et al, 1991; Santamaria, 1992) 1.e.: P. octotemni (T. Majewski) I.I.Tav. on Octotemnus (Coleoptera, Ciidae) from Poland (Majewski, 1973c); P. perparvus Santamaria on Atomaria (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) from Spain (Santamaria, 1992), P. euaestheti (Thaxt.) ILTav. on Euaesthetus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Germany (Scheloske, 1969) and P. denticulatus Santamaria on Phloeocharis (Scotodytes) from Spain (Santamaria, 1992). 192 Phaulomyces simplocariae sp. nov. was found on Simplocaria semistriata Fabricius, 1794, it is the first Laboulbeniaceous parasite found on Byrrhidae (Coleoptera). According to Benjamin (1989) all the previous records on Byrrhidae, i.e. Aporomyces and Cantharomyces bordei, were of the family Limnichidae (Limnichus, Byrrhinus, Pelochares). The genus Phaulomyces is recognised by a two-celled primary receptaculum bearing two or three appendages that arise from the basal appendage cell, which is supported by cell III (Tavares, 1985). The basal appendage cell usually bears a sessile antheridium. The perithecium has three tiers of outer wall cells of unequal height and inconspicuous cell-walls in its basal cells. All the specimens were mounted in Amann’s medium as described in De Kesel (1989), they are stored in BR. The drawings were made with a Leitz Dialux 20 EB (drawing tube). DESCRIPTION Phaulomyces simplocariae De Kesel sp. nov. (Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C) Thallus hyalinus, praeter perlucidos gilvo-fuscos parietes cellularum basalium perithecii. Fungus monoecius. Receptaculum e 3 cellulis compositum. Cellula basalis paulo elongata, ad basim angustata. Cellula II latior quam longior, cellulam pedunculi perithecii (cell. VI) et cellulam II’ ferens. Cellula II’ et cellula pedunculi perithecii lateribus connatae. Receptaculum maturum | perithecium praeditum. Cellula pedunculi perithecii (cell. VI) isodiametra. Parietes cellularum basalium perithecii in maturis peritheciis vix distinguibiles. Paries perithecii ex cellulis altitudine inaequalibus compositus. Perithecium, symmetricum, fusiforme, apicem paulo differentiatum. Cellula II’ appendicem ex cellula basalis una composita ferens, ipsa 1 (-2) antheridiis ampuliformis et 2-4 sterilibus ramis instructa; rami 0-2 ramulis praediti. Longitudo a basi usque ad apicem perithecii: 95-125ym (N=61); perithecium: 60- 80pm X 16-24pm magnum (N=61); appendices ad 85-255(-400)pm _ longae (N=61); antheridia: 11-17pm longae (N=29); ascosporae: 30pm longae (N=3). HOLOTYPUS: ADK670 (BR), die 7.III.1993, in locis Bornemum (Antverpia, Belgia), habitat ad sylva de Notelaria (1.F.B.L: C4.54.13), ad elytrum Simplocariae semistriatae Fabricius (0) lectus. i fe ro ez. SOpm nov. - 1A. Holotypus, mature thallus Figure 1. Phaulomyces simplocariae sp h antheridia, slide 1 wit d thalli Paire with antheridium, slide ADK670. - 1B ADK675a. - 2C. Thallus with second perithecium born on cell II’, slide ADK666b. - Scale mounted in Amann’s medium. 194 Thallus hyaline, except for the first tier of outer wall cells of the perithecium, which is pale yellowish-brown. The receptacle consists of three superposed cells. The basal cell (cell I) is slightly elongated and becomes narrower towards the black foot. The suprabasal cell (cell II) is broader than high and bears the stalk cell of the perithecium (cell VI) and a somewhat larger third receptacle cell (cell II’). Cell II’ and cell VI are connected laterally. The mature thallus has one, rarely two, stalked, symmetric, fusiform perithecia with an undifferentiated apex and hardly distinguishable basal cells. The length of the basal cells can vary considerably (compare thalli in figure 1). The perithecial stalk cell (cell VI) is usually isodiametric. The outer wall cells of the perithecium are of unequal height and have inconspicuous cell walls. The first tier is much taller than second and third together. The usually single, relatively small isodiametric basal cell of the primary appendage arises at the apex of cell II’. It bears two, sometimes three or four, sterile, simple or moderately branched appendages and one or two sessile antheridia. Thalli with a spent or damaged perithecium can produce a second perithecium. Old thalli usually show a precursors of a second perithecium, i.e. procarp, on the inner or outer margins of cell II’ (Fig. 1A). Measurements: Total length from foot to perithecial apex: 95- 125m (N=61); Length and width of perithecium with stalk cell: 60-80pmX 16-24ym (N=61); Length antheridia: 1 1-17pm (N=29); Length appendages 85-255ym(400pm) (n=61); Length spore: 30pm (N=3). HOLOTYPE: Belgium (prov. Antwerpen), Bornem, Domein de Notelaer (I.F.B.L: C4.54.13), deciduous forest, 7.[[.1993, on Simplocaria semistriata Fabricius (0), elytrae. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK670. PARATYPES: Ibid. on S. semistriata (¢) elytrae. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK666a, ADK666b. Ibid. on S. semistriata (&), abdomen. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK667. Ibid. on S. 195 semistriata (&), elytrae. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK668a, ADK668b. Ibid. on S. semistriata (&%), right elytron. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK669. Ibid. on S. semistriata (&), abdomen and elytrae. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK671a, ADK671b. Ibid. on S. semistriata (&), abdomen, elytrae and femur. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK672a, ADK672b, ADK672c, ADK672d. Ibid. on S. semistriata (0), abdomen. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK673a, ADK673b. Ibid. on S. semistriata (%), elytrae. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK674. Belgium (prov. Antwerpen), Bornem, Domein de Notelaer (sles, C4543). sdeciduous. “‘forese 2111993." one's: semiStriata (?), abdomen and elytrae. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK675a, ADK675b. Ibid. on S. semistriata (%), right elytron. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK676. Ibid. on S. semistriata (%), right elytron. Leg. A. De Kesel, (BR) ADK677. DISCUSSION The host, S. semistriata, is a widely distributed species, it occurs in various habitats from subtropical and temperate zones (Freude et al., 1965). In Belgium it is a common species in deciduous forests. The adults and larvae feed on rhizoids of mosses. The adult beetles are active from september till april (De Kesel, unpubl. data). The beetles were captured with pitfalls. All specimens come from a relatively humid deciduous forest near a river. One infested specimen was found in coastal dunes. Phaulomyces simplocariae is a relatively small species and is, considering the hairiness of the hosts’ integuments, easily overlooked. It usually grows in pairs on the elytrae and abdomen. The presence of paired perithecial thalli indicates that the fungus is monoecious. Different infection patterns between male and female beetles were observed, they suggest that the parasite is transmitted during copulation. Males are mostly infested on their abdomen, females on the caudal region of their elytrae. Statistical 196 Figure 2. Phaulomyces simplocariae sp. nov. - 2A. Immature thallus with primary appendage and antheridium, slide ADK667. - 2B. Idem, slide ADK672b. - 2C. Immature thallus with the perithecial initial cell formed by cell II’, slide ADK671b. - 2D. Idem, slide ADK671b. - 2E. Immature thallus with procarp, slide ADK675b. - 2F. Thallus with young perithecium and trichogyne. - Scale = 50pm - all mounted in Amann’s medium. 197 treatments and more observations should be made to ascertain this. P. simplocariae belongs in the subtribus Euphoriomycetinae since its mature perithecium has non persistent basal cells and the tiers of outer wall cells are of unequal height. The basal appendage can be considered as the upper receptacle cell (cell III) like in Meionomyces Thaxt were cell III bears an antheridium and the appendages. We stress that some features of P. simplocariae indicate that Phaulomyces and Meionomyces are strongly related. Since cell HI is not that small and a foot extension is lacking we thought it save to place this new species in Phaulomyces. Some drawings were made of immature thalli (Fig. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F), they show that the procarp is formed by the cell above cell II, i.e. cell Il’. Wether this is the case in all other Phaulomyces species should be studied. Fig. 1A (Holotype) shows a lateral outgrowth on cell II’, this outgrowth is probably a second procarp, it occurs frequently in mature thalli. Two thalli were observed bearing a second perithecium on the latero-apical side of cell II’ (Fig. 1C). Both thalli clearly illustrate that a second perithecium is formed only when the first perithecium is spent or breaks off. The possibility that habitat characteristics or climatological factors might influence the development of a second perithecium should be considered. Thalli, from the newly described species, resemble Phaulomyces octotemni (T. Majewski) I.1.Tav. found on Octotemnus (Ciidae) by Majewski (1973). P. simplocariae differs in two respects from P. octotemni; the mature thallus is taller and the perithecium is symmetrical. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to Dr. S. Santamaria for reviewing this paper. I also wish to thank G. Haghebaert, for checking the determination 198 of the host. A. Fraiture is acknowledged for checking and improving the latin description. I thank O. Van de Kerckhove for drawing figures 1A and 1B. REFERENCES Benjamin, R. K. (1989). Taxonomy and morphology of Aporomyces (Laboulbeniales). Aliso 12(2):335-367. De Kesel, A. (1989). Ontogeny of Laboulbenia slackensis Picard & Cépéde (Ascomycetes). Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 122:37-46. Breude, “H.... ‘Harde-kW .) Lohse, GiAwe(1963)s Die {Kk ater Mitteleuropas. Band VI. Goecke & Evers. Krefeld. 367p. Majewski, T. (1973). Rare and new Laboulbeniales from Poland IV. Acta Mycol. 9:229-238. Santamaria, S. (1989). El orden Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina) en la Peninsula Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Edicions especials de la Societat Catalana de Micologia Vol.3:1-396. Santamaria, S. (1992). New and interesting Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina) from Spain. Nova Hedwigia 54:479-492. Santamaria, S., Balazuc, J., Tavares, I.I. (1991). Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina) an annotated list of species. Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona vol.XIV:1-123. Scheloske, H.W. (1969). Beitrage zur Biologie, Okologie und Systematik der Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) unter besonderer Berticksichtigung des _ Parasit-Wirt- Verhaltnisses. Parasitol. Schriftenreihe 19:1-176. Tavares, I.J. (1985). Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycetes). Mycologia Memoir 9. Cramer, Braunschweig. 627p. Thaxter, R. (1931). Contribution towards a monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae. Part V. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 16:1-435. MAY CO TAXON Volume L, pp. 199-202 January-March 1994 STOMIOPELTIS GLOCHIDIICOLA SP. NOV. ALAKA PANDE AND V.G.RAO Mycology & Plant Pathology Dept. Agharkar Research Institute, (M.A.C.S.) Pune 411 004, India A black, scutellate, micropeltaceous fungus was collected on leaves of Glochidion hohenackeri Bedd. in forests of Mahabaleshwar (M.S.) (elev. 1300 m.s.1.). The fungus showed a non-radiate nature of the scutellum which wasmade up of pseudoparenchymatous tissue with lobed cells, presence of free superficial mycelium with brown, branched hyphae, orbicular thyrothecia, bitunicate asci with hyalodidymo- spores and septate, branched pseudoparaphyses. All these characters showed that the collection belonged to the genus Stomope/]tis Theiss. & Syd. emend. Luttrell. The genus is typified by S.aspersa (Berk.)Theiss., collected on leaves of a species of Lauraceae from India and described by Theissen (1914). Originally the genus was restricted for thyrothecia with a single locule but Luttrell (1946) emended the description to include S. polyloculata Luttrell with several locules per thyriothecium. He stressed that since variations in number of locules per ascocarp occurred in a single species of the genus, the inclusion of multiloculate species under Stomiopeltis with Suitable expansion of generic limits was justifiable and variation in number of locules per ascocarp should not be considered as an important criterion for separation at generic level. His collection on Arundinaria tetae (Walt. ) Muhl. with multiloculate thyrothecia was thus included by him in this genus as Stomiopeltis polyloculata. There are more than 25 species described in Stomiopel- tis so far. Speciation is based entirely on comparative morphology of various structures like ascocarps, asci and ascospores. After monographic work by Luttrell ( Luttrell, 1946), who described the then known 7 species, several species have been added to the genus Stomiopeltis (Muller SV LAr X 1962, Ellis, 1977). Multiloculate thyrothecia with superficial mycelium, non-radiate scutellum, didymosporous ascospores in the present collection confirmed its inclusion under Stomiopel- tis (Berk.) Theiss. emend. Luttrell. ee ore v. pet) A ree Spy] Big eu 8 etme AF HDG SFOS PISS Fig.1.Stomiopeltis glochiditcola Pande & Rao A: thyriothecium; B: a part of scutellum; C: Ascus; D: Ascospores; E:Section of a thyriothecium. Fig. 2.:Photomicrographs of Stomiopeltis glochidiicola Pande & Rao showing: A: A part of the scutellum showing non-radiate, irregular cells; B: superficial branched hyphae; C: Section of a thyriothecium D: Asci and Ascospores. Bar = 10 um (A,C,D); Bar = 20 um (B) 201 rable 1; Comparison of Stomiopeltis species with multiloculate thyriothecia Species Scutellum|Locule| Asci Ascospores no. Seo Case LLM S.polyloculata |286-680 um) 2-16 Luttrell (avi V7. 25 x 4.4 um) CL/B es. 9) S.glochiditcola| 160-210 um| 2-5 42-50 x ir) 8 12-15 x 3-6 um Cavin 13. 5) C405" in) Cia s 10) Pande & Rao 202 After the original collection of S. aspersa by Berkeley (Theissen, 1914) from Khasi Hills, Assam, the genus had not been recollected from India until we collected this specimen on living leaves of Glochidion hohenackeri Bedd. (Euphorbiaceae). Comparison with the only multiloculate species, S. polyloculata Luttrell, the present material showed to be distinct. It is described here as a new species (Table 1). Stomiopeltis glochidiicola sp. nov. Pande & Rao (Fig.1 & 2) Mycelium superficial, composed of brown, branched hyphae, forming minute brownish spots on leaf surface. Ascocarps subcuticular, dimidiate, scutellate, orbicular, 160-210 um in diam., multiloculate; locules opening through separate ostioles. Shield (scutellum) pseudoparenchymatous, non-radiate, composed of irregularly lobed brown cells, becoming plechtenchymatous towards margin, merging into mycelial network. Asci pseudoparaphysate, clavate, bituni- cate, octosporous, produced with bases towards rim and pointing towards central ostiole, 42 - 50 x 17 - 21 um. Ascospores hyaline, one-septate, non-constricted at septum, rounded at both ends, 12 - 15 x 3 -— 6 um (1/b = 3.0). Collected on living leaves of Glochidion hohenackerit Bedd. at Mahabaleshwar (M.S., India) (el. 1300. Msel dt. 6.1.1982, AMH 7149 (Holotype). Maculae brunneae, orbiculares. Mycelium superficiale. Ascomata subcuticularia, 160 - 210 um diam., multilocu- lata. Loculae 2 - 5, ostiolatae. Scutellum pseudoparenchyma- ticum, non-radiatum, ex celluis brunneis' irregulariter lobatis, marginam versus ex cellulis plectenchymatibus formatum. Asci pseudoparaphysatibus, clavati, bitunicati, octospori, 42 -50 x 17 - 21 um. Ascosporae hyalinae, unisep- tatae, non-constrictae, ad apicem rotundatae, 12 - 15 x 3 - 6 wm. In foliis viventibus Glochidit hohenackeri Bedd., loco: Mahabaleshwar (M.S., India), dt. 6.Jan.1982, holotypus lectus ad AMH subnumero 7149. Authors thank Dr. B.C, Sutton, I.M.I., England, for suggestions on the manuscript. References Ellis, J. P. 1977. The genus Stomiopeltis in Britain. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 68(2): 157-159. Luttrell, E.S. 1946. The genus Stomiopeltis (Hemisphaeria- ceae) Mycologia 38: 565-586 MUller, E. & J.A.von Arx 1962. Die Gattungen der didymospo- ren Ascomyceten. Beih. zur Kryptogamenfl. der SCOW = elena oe... MY COTAXON Je tea Th A A EE he dE he BL aR ARE Volume L, pp. 203-217 January-March 1994 ADDITIONAL NEW SPECIES AND NEW REPORTS OF PERTUSARIA (LICHENISED ASCOMY COTINA) FROM NEW ZEALAND WITH A REVISED KEY TO THE CORTICOLOUS SPECIES IN NEW ZEALAND. ALAN W. ARCHER National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2000 JOHN A. ELIX Department of Chemistry, The Faculties, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia ABSTRACT: The species Pertusaria barlettii Archer & Elix, Pertusaria celata Archer & Elix, Pertusaria hadrospora Archer & Elix, Pertusaria parvula Archer & Elix, Pertusaria psoromica Archer & Elix, Pertusaria scutellifera Archer & Elix and Pertusaria sporellula Archer & Elix are described as new; Pertusuria leucoplaca Mill.Arg., Pertusaria schizostomella Mill.Arg., Pertusaria subisidiosa Archer, Pertusaria subplanaica Archer & Elix, Pertusaria thamnolica Archer and Pertusaria velata (Turn.) Nyl. are reported as new to New Zealand. Pertusaria albissima Miill.Arg. and Pertusuria alboatra Zahlbr. are re-instated into the New Zealand lichen flora. A key to the New Zealand corticolous species of Pertusaria is given. INTRODUCTION The lichen genus Pertusuria in New Zealand was reviewed by Galloway (1985) and an account of the saxicolous species common to Australia and New Zealand has been given (Archer & Elix 1993). An examination of additional recent corticolous specimens from New Zealand |from AK, AKU, CHR, OTA and WELT] has shown the presence of both undescribed taxa and species new to New Zealand and these are reported here. The techniques used for the examination of specimens have been described previously (Archer 1991); the chemistry of the majority of the specimens examined was confirmed by liquid chromatography (Elix & Venables 1993). The spore descriptions follow the nomenclature of Dibben (Dibben 1980: 10). The figures illustrate holotypes and, unless noted otherwise, the type specimens cited have been seen. A key to the New Zealand corticolous species of Pertusaria is given. Pertusaria bartlettii Archer & Elix sp. nov. Fig. | Thallus flavido-albus, areolatus et rimosus, superficies laevis et hebetata, isidiis et sorediis destitutis; corticola; apothecia verruciformia, inconspicua, numerosa, flavida, saepe confluentia, perplano-hemisphaerica vel immersescia, 1-2 mm diam., ostiola conspicua, nigra, circularia vel irregularia, 0.2-0.6 mm latae, in verrucas |-3na; sporae 8nae, biseriatae, ellipsoideae, laeves, 60-75 wm longae, 25-32 jam latae. Thallus arthothelin, acidum thiophanicum et 2,4-dichloronorlichexanthone continens. 204 Type: New Zealand, North Island, Mangonui County, Herekino Gorge, 35°10'S, 173°12' E, alt. 400 ft. [ca.120 m], on bark of Rhopalostylus sapida on exposed hillside, J.K. Bartlett s.n., 26.x.1981; AK 192225-holotype. Thallus pale yellowish white, areolate and cracked, surface smooth and dull, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, inconspicuous, numerous, pale yellow, sometimes confluent, very flattened-hemispherical or becoming immersed, 1-2 mm diam.; ostioles conspicuous, black, circular or irregular in outline, 0.2-0.6 mm wide, ]-3 per verruca; spores 8 per ascus, biseriate, ellipsoid to subfusiform, smooth, 60-75 pm long, 25-32 wm wide. Chemistry: K-, KC+ orange red, C+ orange, Pd-; arthothelin (major), thiophanic acid (major), 2,4-dichloronorlichexanthone (major ); 2,5-dichloronorlichexanthone (minor) and 4,5-dichloronorlichexanthone (trace), 2-chloronorlichexanthone (trace), 4 chlorolichexanthone (trace) and thiophaninic acid (trace). Pertusaria bartlettii is characterised by pale yellow, flattened or immersed verrucae with conspicuous black ostioles and the presence of polychlorinated norlichexanthones; these features distinguish the new species from all other New Zealand Pertusaria. The new species is known only from the type specimen; the epithet "bartlettii" refers to John K. Bartlett, 1945 -1986, an enthusiastic collector of lichens in New Zealand. Pertusaria celata Archer & Elix sp. nov. Figs? Thallus albidus vel cinereo-albidus, tenuis, rimosus, superficies laevis et nitidae, isidtis et sorediis destitutis; corticola; apothecia verruciformia, conspicua, sparsa, plano- hemisphaerica, thallo concoloria, basibus non constrictis, lacerescentia, epithecia fusca vel nigra manifestescentia; sporae 8nae, biseriatae, ellipsoideae vel subfusiformes, laeves, 90-100(-120) wm longae, 30-40(-50) zm latae, parietibus exterioribus 2-4 wm crassis, parietibus interioribus 4-5 jm crassis. Thallus acida salazinicum, norsticticum et connorsticticum continens. Type: New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, Matamata County, Mamaku Plateau, Tirau-Matamata Road, 38°09'S, 176°E, alt. 1200 ft |ca. 360 m], on Weinmannia racemosa bark, J.K. Bartlett 19749, 28.11.1982; AK 192245-holotype. Thallus off-white to pale grey, thin, cracked, surface smooth and shiny, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, conspicuous, sparse, flattened- hemispherical, concolorous with the thallus, not constricted at the base, 1-1.5 mm diam., becoming split and torn to reveal the dark brown to black epithecium; spores 8 per ascus, biseriate, ellipsoid to subfusiform, smooth, 90-100(-120) pm long, 30-40(-50) wm wide, outer wall 2-4 wm thick, inner wall 4-5 ym thick. Chemistry: K+ yellow becoming red, KC-, C-, Pd+ yellow; salazinic acid (major), norstictic acid (minor) and connorstictic acid (trace). Specimens examined: New Zealand, North Island, type locality, , J.K. Bartlett 19739, 28.11.1982 (AK 192244), J.K. Bartlett 19736, 28.111.1982(AK 192246). South Island, Nelson, Mt. Duppa Track, 41°12'S, 173°29'E, alt. ca. 750 m, W. Malcolm 855, 3.v.1993 (CHR 470255). Pertusaria celata is characterised by the torn verrucae, revealing the epithecium of the apothecia below and in this respect it somewhat resembles the saxicolous New Zealand 205 Figs 1-7. New Pertusaria species. 1. Pertusaria bartlettii, x3; 2. Pertusaria celata, x3; 3. Pertusaria hadrospora, x4; 4. Pertusaria parvula, X3.75; 5. Pertusaria psoromica, x3; 6. Pertusaria scutellifera, x3; 7. Pertusaria sporellula, x4. 206 P. erumpescens Nyl.; the spores in this species are 30-40 ym long. Although unlike many verruciform Pertusaria taxa, the new taxon has spores with the double wall characteristic of the genus. P. celata is known from both the North and South Islands. The epithet "celata" hidden, refers to the concealed epithecium and asci. Pertusaria hadrospora Archer & Elix sp. nov. Fig. 3 Thallus dilute olivaceus, crassus, subrimosus, superficies laevis et nitidae, isidiis et sorediis destitutis; corticola; apothecia verruciformia, inconspicua, saepe solum ostiolis indicata, perplano-hemisphaerica vel immersa, thallo concoloria, 0.6-1 mm diam.; ostiola inconspicua, subtranslucida, in verrucas |-2na, 0.2-0.4 mm diam.; sporae 2nae, raro 3, ellipsoideae, laeves, 210-250(-300) wm longae, 50-75 jm latae. Materia chemica in thallo non detecta. Type: New Zealand, South Island, Golden Bay County, northwest Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes, 40°31'S, 172°36'E, sea-level, J.K. Bartlett 22268, 13.xii.1982; AK 192257- holotype. Thallus pale olive green, thick, somewhat cracked, surface smooth and shiny, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, inconspicuous, often only indicated by the ostiole, very flattened-hemispherical or immersed, concolorous with the thallus, 0.6-1 mm diam.; ostioles inconspicuous, grey, translucent, lor 2 per verruca, 0.2-0.4 mm diam.; spores 2 per ascus, rarely 3, ellipsoid, smooth, 210-250(-300) pm long, 50-75 wm wide. Chemistry: K-, KC-, C-, Pd-; no lichen compounds detected by tle or hple. Specimen examined: New Zealand, South Island, Golden Bay County, northwest Nelson, Tasman Mountains, Lake Cobb, 41°02'S, 172°31'E, alt. ca 3000 ft.[900 m], J.K. Bartlett 2/528, 14.xii. 1982 (AK 192258); Arthur Range, Lodestone track, 41°10.7'S, 172°44.6'E, alt. 1170 m, W. Malcolm 992, 18.vii.1993 (herb. Malcolm). Pertusaria hadrospora is characterised by the inconspicuous verrucae and asci with two (rarely three) large spores; these features distinguish the new species from all other corticolous New Zealand Pertusaria. Zahlbruckner (1941: 334) reported a corticolous, two-spored Pertusaria, P.tetrathalumia var. major |P. leucoplacoides var. major Miill.Arg. (Miller 1884: 301)]| to occur in New Zealand but the specimen on which this report was based (CHR 452614) is identified as P. sorodes Stirton. The spores in the specimen are 225-260 ym long and 55- 70 xm wide, with rough inner spore walls, whereas Miiller reported the spores in his var. major to be 150-210 wm long and 30-40 ym wide (Miiller, loc. cit.). This specimen is morphologically and chemically distinct from P. hadrospora. The epithet "hadrospora", well-devloped spores, refers to the large spores present in the asci of the new species. Pertusaria parvula Archer & Elix sp. nov. Fig. 4 Thallus albidus, tenuis, subrimosus, superficies subnitida, isidiis et sorediis destitutus; corticola; apothecia verruciformia, perplano-hemisphaerica, thallo concoloria, dispersa, 0.8-1.2 mm diam.; ostiola conspicua, nigra, 0.2-0.3 mm diam., in verrucas singula; sporae 8nae, uniseriatae, ellipsoideae, laeves, 30-37 wm longae, 18-20 ym latae. Thallus 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone solum continens. 207 Type: New Zealand, South Island, Sounds-Wellington Ecological Region, Cook Strait Ecological District, Chetwode Islands, Nukuwaitata Island, 40°54'S, 174°04'E, on bark, B. Hayward, s.n., Mar. 1984; AK 206954-holotype. Thallus off-white, thin, somewhat cracked, surface smooth and somewhat shiny, lacking isidia and soredia; corticolous; apothecia verruciform, very flattened hemispherical, concolorous with the thallus, scattered, 0.8-1.2 mm diam.; ostioles conspicuous, black, 0.2-0.3 mm diam., | per verruca; spores 8 per ascus, uniseriate, ellipsoid, smooth, 30- 37 pm long, 18-20 pm wide. Chemistry: K-, KC-, C-, Pd-; 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone only. Pertusaria parvula is characterised by verruciform apothecia, small spores and the presence of 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone. Externally it resembles both P. melaleucoides Miill.Arg. and P. albissima Mill.Arg. but is distinguished from those species by the number and size of spores, and the presence of the chlorinated xanthone. The new species is known only from the type specimen. The epithet "parvula" (smallest) refers to the small spores characteristic of the new species. Pertusaria psoromica Archer & Elix sp. nov. Fig. 5 Thallus hinnuleus vel dilute olivaceus, areolatus et rimosus, superficies laevis vel subtuberculata, subnitida, isidiis destitutis sed sorediatus; corticola; soralia conspicua, numerosa, alba, hemisphaerica vel disciformia, 0.5-2 mm diam.; apothecia non visa. Thallus acidum psoromicum continens. Type: New Zealand, North Island, Otamatea County, Kaiwaka, 36°09'S, 174°27'E, J.K. Bartlett 24219, 1975-1985, AK 19223 |-holotype. Thallus dull fawn or pale olive green, areolate and cracked, surface smooth or subtubercular, somewhat shiny, lacking isidia, sorediate, corticolous; soralia conspicuous, numerous, white, initially pustulate, composed of granular soredia, hemispherical or discoid, 0.5-2 mm diam.; apothecia not seen. Chemistry: K-, KC+ yellow, C+ yellow, Pd+ strong yellow; psoromic acid (major) and conpsoromic acid (minor). Specimens examined: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Mt. Baldy, 4 km SW of Atherton, 17°17'S, 145°27'E, alt. 1080 m, on Alphitonia in rain forest, J.A.Elix 16276, 25.vi.1984 (ANUC); Mount Windsor Tableland, 45 km NW of Mossman, 16°15'S, 145°OI'E, alt. 1200 m, on Syzygium in rain forest, J.A.Elix 16445, 16449, 26.vi.1984 (ANUC). New South Wales, Wiangaree Forest Drive, Tweed Range, "Antarctic Beech Walk", on Nothofagus moorei in rain forest, G. Kantvilas 645/88, 3.viii.1988 (HO, NSW 219573); Border Ranges National Park, Bar Mountain Lookout track, 28°28'S, 153°06'E, alt. ca. 950 m, on fallen branch, A.W. Archer P 480, 7.1x.1992 (NSW). NEW ZEALAND [15 out of 39], North Island, Great Barrier Island, Mount Hobson, 36°11'S, 172°2S'E, alt. ca. 500 m, B.Hayward s.n., Jan. 1983 (AK 182649); ibid., Jan. 1984 (AK 171774); Rakitu Island, 36°08'S, 175°30'E, B.Hayward s.n., 1980 (AK162392); ibid. (AK 160765); Coromandel County, Mount Moehau, 36°32'S, 175°24'E,alt. ca. 700 m, B. Hayward H39.65, Aug. 1974 (AK 154517); Thames County, Upper Kauaeranga Gorge, 37°04'S, 175°40'E, alt. ca. 350 m, J.K.Bartlett s.n., 1975-1985 (AK 192243); Rimutaka State Forest Park, 41°21'S, 174°5S8'E, alt. 300 m, on Pseudowintera colorata in Kunzea ericioides forest, B. Polly s.n., 1.vi.1993 (WELT). 208 South Island, Dunedin, Mt. Cargill, ca. 300 m, on bark of Aristotelia, W.Martin s.n., 9.xi1.1953 (OTA 880); Westland, between Greymouth and Runanga, on Nothofugus, W. Martin s.n., 4.11.1954 (OTA 1285); Otago, Silver Peaks near Dunedin, on beech, J. Thomson 1229 (CHR361434); West Otago, Eglington Valley, Cascade Creek, on Nothofagus menziesii, alt. ca. 450 m, W.Martin s.n., 27.11.1972 (CHR479324 pp); Golden Bay, Kaihoka, 40°33'S, 172°3S'E, J.K. Bartlett s.n. (AK 192253, AK 192254); Stewart Island, Port Pegasus, Islet Cove, 47°12'S, 167°38’E, alt. 10 m, B.- Hayward s.n., 3.11.1989 (AK208187); D'Urville Island, Mount Maud, 40°53'S, 173°49'E, alt. ca. 500 m, B.Hayward s.n., 4.1.1988 (AK206939). Pertusaria psoromica 1s characterised by the presence of numerous, conspicuous white soralia, reacting K- and Pd+strong yellow due to the presence of psoromic acid. The soredia of P. psoromica also give a yellow colour with KC and C; this colour is produced by reaction with psoromic or conpsoromic acids as thin layer chromatography showed only these two compounds to be present. The podetia of Cladonia subpityrea Sandst. (which also contain the same two lichen acids) give no colour with KC and C but if acetone extracts from both species are spotted onto filter paper and treated with KC or C, a yellow colour is given by both extracts. The new species occurs at all altitudes from sea-level to cu. 700 m in New Zealand and up to 1200 m in Australia. In New Zealand it has been found on Coprosma arborea, Nothofagus menziesii, Olearia furfuracea, O. rani, and on the bark of Rhopalostylis sapida, Metrosideros excelsa and Dysoxylum spectabile. The new species resembles, in morphology and wide distribution, the sterile, sorediate Australian P. scaberula Archer (Archer 1991:240) but is distinguished from that species (which contains lichexanthone and thamnolic acid) by the negative reaction with alkali. Pertusuria scaberula is common in eastern Australia whereas P. psoromica occurs in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand, and to a more limited extent in Australia, in Queensland and New South Wales. The new species is chemically similar to P. sphaerulifera Vainio (Vainio 1907) from Thailand but that species is saxicolous, and pustulate rather than sorediate. Pertusaria scutellifera Archer & Elix sp. nov. Fig. 6 Thallus albidus, areolatus et mmosus, superficies irregulariter subtuberculata et hebetata, isidiis et sorediis destitutis; corticola; apothecia disciformia, conspicua, numerosa, thallo concoloria, 0.6-1.2 mm diam.; disci auranto-fusci et confertim albo-pruinosi; sporae singulae, ellipsoideae, laeves, (125-)150-185 um longae, 45-55 jum latae, parietibus 3-5 pam Crassis Thallus acidicum thamnolicum continens. Type: New Zealand, North Island, Mt. Ruapehu, W.H.Ewers 2657, 31.ii1.1988; AK 200760-holotype. Thallus off-white, areolate and cracked, surface irregularly subtuberculate and dull, lacking isidia and soredia; corticlous; apothecia disciform, conspicuous, numerous and crowded, concolorous with the thallus, 0.6-1.2 mm diam.; disc orange-brown, densely white-pruinose; spores | per ascus, ellipsoid, smooth, (125-)150-185 jm long, 45-55 pm wide; spore wall single, 3-5 wm thick. Chemistry: K+ yellow, KC-, C-, Pd+ yellow; thamnolic acid. Specimens examined: New Zealand, North Island, Mt. Ruapehu, W.H.Ewers 2626 p.p., 2627, 31.11.1988 (CBG); Rangitaiki, W.H.Ewers 286/, 28.111.1988 (CBG). South Island, Arthurs Pass, on Nothofagus cliffortioides, H.H.Allan s.n. (CHR 361433); West Otago, Eglington Valley, Cascade Creek, W. Martin A552, 14.11.1964 (CHR479323): Nelson, Mt. Arthur, 41°12'S, 172°44'E, 1170 m, on Dracophyllum traversii bark in montane low forest, P.N. Johnson 4/7, 29.1.1993 (CHR 480406); 209 Nelson, Mt. Arthur, Flora Hut, start of track, 41°11'S, 172°43’'E, alt. 940 m, on fallen branch, W. Malcolm 873, 13.v.1993 (CHR 470257). Pertusaria scutellifera is characterised by disciform apothecia, single spored asci and the presence of thamnolic acid. It is morphologically similar to P.novaezelandiae Szatala but is distinguished from that species by the yellow colour given with alkali, in contrast to the violet colour given by P. novuezelandiae which contains hypothamnolic acid. The new species also resembles the Japanese P. sphaerophora Oshio (Oshio 1968) but is distinguised from that species by differences in chemistry and spore morphology. Oshio (loc.cit.) reported that with alkali (K) his new species gave a yellow colour becoming violet and Dibben (1980) found thamnolic acid and an unidentified compound present in the Japanese species. The two species also differ in spore wall thickness; the spore walls are 13-21 yum thick in P. sphaerophora and 3-5 ym thick in P. scutellifera. The new species is differentiated from the Japanese P. nigrodisca Oshio (Oshio 1968) [which also contains thamnolic acid and one-spored asci] by the colour of the discs, black in P. nirodisca and orange brown in P.scutellifera. Zahlbruckner identified (in sched.) the specimen CHR 361433 as P. globulifera subsp. glaucomopsis Nyl. [P. globulifera *glaucomopsis Nyl. tax. vag. (Nylander 1888: 67)| but the relevant specimens in the Nylander Herbarium [H-NYL 23765, 23766, 23767, 23768] lacked thamnolic acid and this taxon is thus distinct from P. scutellifera. Pertusaria globulifera *glaucomopsis was reported by Nylander (loc.cit.) to be K -ve. The epithet "scutellifera", bearing little dishes, refers to the numerous conspicuous disciform apothecia. Pertusaria sporellula Archer & Elix sp. nov. Fig. 7 Thallus albidus vel cinereo-albidus, tenuis, superficies laevis et subnitida, isidiis et sorediis destitutis; corticola; apothecia disciformia, numerosa,dispersa, saepe contigua, marginibus incrassatis, initio involutis, thallo concoloribus; disci nigri, albo-pruinosi, concavi complanatescentes, 0.2-0.4 mm diam.; sporae 8nae, uniseriatae, sphaericae, |5- 20 ym diam., parietibus ca. | yum crassis. Materia chemica in thallo non detecta. Type: New Zealand, North Island, Kaipera Ecological Region & District, North Kaipera Barrier, Tapu Bush, 36°19'S, 174°04'E, alt. 110 m, A.E.Wright //56/, 25.v.1991; AK 202378-holotype. Thallus off-white to pale greyish white,thin, surface smooth and somewhat shiny, lacking isidia and soredia; corticolous; apotheciu disciform, numerous, scattered or sometimes contiguous, margins thick, initially inrolled, concolorous with the thallus, discs black, partly white-pruinose, initially concave, becoming flat, 0.2-0.4 mm diam.; spores 8 per ascus, uniseriate, spherical, 15-20 zm diam., spore wall thin, ca. | wm thick. Chemistry: K-, KC-, C-, Pd-; no lichen compounds detected. Pertusaria sporellula is characterised by disciform apothecia, eight-spored asci with very small spherical spores and the absence of lichen compounds. It somewhat resembles P. truncata Krempelh. but is readily differentiated from that taxon by the negative reaction with alkaline hypochlorite (KC), in contrast to the characteristic violet colour given by P.truncata. The epithet "sporellula", very small spores, refers to the small spherical spores in the new species. 210 NEW REPORTS Pertusaria albissima Miill.Arg. Flora 67: 350 (1884) Type: New Zealand, sin. loc., C. Knight s.n., "Pertusaria leucodeoides Knight" nom. nud.; G-lectotype [here selected]; C. Knight s.n., "Pertusaria leucodes var. inconspicua Knight" nom. nud.; G residual syntype. Thallus chalky white, slightly areolate and cracked, surface smooth and dull, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, concolorous with the thallus, conspicuous, numerous, sometimes confluent, flattened-hemispherical, sometimes constricted at the base, 1-2 mm diam.; ostioles inconspicuous, pale, translucent, 2-4 per verruca; spores 8 per ascus, uniseriate, ellipsoid, smooth, 50-62 wm long, 23-28 pm wide. Chemistry: K-, KC-, C-, Pd-; no lichen compounds detected by hplc. Miiller described three species from different parts of Knight's specimen of "Pertusaria leucodeoides Knight" [nom. nud. in sched.| (two of which are here reported to be synonyms) as shown in Table 1. Galloway (1985) reported P. albissima to be synonymous with P. cretacea Miill.Arg. but the two species are distinguished by the difference in spore arrangement and the colour of the ostioles (black in P. cretacea , syn. P. leucodes Knight) as originally noted by Miiller (1884, loc.cit.) and the two species are here retained as separate entities. Pertusaria laevis Knight is distinguished from P. albissima by the black ostioles and the presence of thiophaninic acid, which was detected in the holotype (WELT) by liquid chromatography. Pertusaria albissima is known only from Knight's two specimens. The protologue to P. albissima refers to two syntypes collected by Charles Knight; one of these, labelled "P. leucodeoides Knight" by Knight, is also labelled "P. albissima Miill.Arg. L.B.n. 749", a reference to the publication Lichenologische Beitrage XIX, number 749 (Miiller, 1884) and this specimen is here selected as lectotype. TABLE 1 NEW SPECIES FROM "PERTUSARIA LEUCODEOIDES KNIGHT" Original Published spore spore Chemistry Herbarium name Name arrangement length pm P. leucodeoides Knight — P. leucodeoides Miill.Arg. 2-seriate 90-113 xanthone(a) |syn. P. theochroa Kremplh. 2-seriate 87-113 thiophaninic acid (b)] P. cretacea Miill.Arg. 2-seriate 50-70 nil (a) [syn. P. leucodes Knight 2-seriate 55-70 nil (b)] P. albissima Mill.Arg. l-seriate 50-62 nil (b) P. leucodes var. inconspicua Knight * l-seriate 48-55 nil (b) (a) reported by Galloway, op. cit. (b) determined by Archer & Elix ZirT Both P. leucodeoides Miill.Arg. and P. theochroa Krempelh. (Krempelhuber 1876: 452) have verrucae with black ostioles and asci with 8 biseriate spores that are 90- 113 ym long. Galloway (Galloway 1985: 375,380) reported the chemistry of the two taxa to be identical; the holotype of P. theochroa (M) contains thiophaninic acid. As the two species are morphologically and chemically identical, the two species are considered to be conspecific, as was originally suggested by Galloway (Galloway, loc. cit.). In addition, both P. cretacea Miill.Arg. and P. leucodes Knight have abundantly fertile thalli with numerous verrucae, the verrucae with inconspicuous ostioles and the asci with 8 biseriate spores that are 50-70 ym long. Pertusaria leucodes was reported to contain stictic acid (Galloway 1985: 376) but an examination of the lectotype from WELT found no lichen compounds present. In view of these morphological and chemical similarities, the two species are considered to be identical, as was originally proposed by Dibben (Dibben 1984, in sched.). Pertusaria alboatra Zahlbr. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien math.-naturwiss. Kl. 104:336 (1941). Type: New Zealand, North Island, Rangitoto Island, Auckland, on trunk of Avicennia officianalis in salt lagoon, H.H.Allen 46, Aug.1933; W-lectotype [fide D.J. Galloway 26.xi1.1981, in sched.]; CHR 374706-iso-lectotype; ibid., on Avicennia resinifera, H.H. Allen W93, 12.1v.1936; CHR 361450, W-residual syntypes. Thallus pale yellowish fawn, conspicuously areolate and cracked, surface smooth and dull, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, numerous, conspicuous, often confluent, flattened-hemispherical to immersed, 0.5-1 mm diam.; ostioles conspicuous, black, one per verruca, 0.1-0.4 mm diam., sometimes with a pale grey translucent margin; spores 2 per ascus, rarely 3, ellipsoid, smooth, (70-)85- 1 10(- 132) pm long, 35-45 ym wide. Chemistry: K-, KC+ weak yellow, C-, Pd-; thiophaninic acid (major) with 2-chloro-6-O- methylnorlichexanthone (trace) and 4-chloro-6-O-methylnorlichexanthone (trace). Specimens examined: NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Mangonui County, Waitiki Stream, 34°30'S, 172°S0'E, J.K. Bartlett s.n., 1975-1985 (AK 194384); North Island, Paihia, on mangroves, W. H. Ewers 2743, 6.iv.1988 (CBG); Sounds- Wellington Ecological Region, Sounds Ecological District, Resolution Bay, E end of Bay E of wharf, 41°07'S, 174°13'E, alt. 1- 5m, on bark of karaka and mahoe, B.W. Hayward s.n., 6.1.1992 (AK 205603). Pertusaria alboatra was not included in the Flora of New Zealand Lichens (Galloway 1985) and a description has therefore been given here. The species resembles P. melaleucoides Miill.Arg. but is distinguished from that species by the presence of thiophaninic acid and the occasional occurrence of three-spored asci. Zahlbruckner labelled two specimens, CHR 374706 and AK 18997, "Pertusaria atroalba (sic) sp. nov." The specimen in CHR is numbered "46" and was collected by W.H.Allen on 24. viii. 1933 from Avicennia officinalis and contains thiophaninic acid; it is thus identical to the specimen in W. The specimen in AK was collected at the same location on the same day but from A. resinifera; it has no number and contains no lichen compounds and is identified as P. melaleucoides Miill.Arg. (Archer & Elix 1993a). Pertusaria leucoplaca Miill.Arg. Flora 67: 304 (1884). Type: Brazil, Apiahy, on Araucaria, Puiggari 2128, Oct. 1882; holo: G. Pertusaria acuta Miill.Arg. Flora 67: 353 (1884). 212 Type: India, in montibus Neilgherries [Nilgiri Hills, ca. 250 km SSW of Bangalore], on Cinchona succirubris, Bader s.n.; holo: G. Thallus greyish-white, areolate and cracked, surface smooth and dull, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, conspicuous, scattered, flattened hemispherical, sometimes constricted at the base, concolorous with the thallus, sometimes slightly concave above, 0.8-1.5 mm diam.; ostioles conspicuous, pale brown to dark brown to black, 1, rarely 2, per verruca; spores 8 per ascus, biseriate or irregularly biseriate, subfusiform to fusiform, smooth, 70-90, rarely tol100 ym long, 25- 35 ym wide. Chemistry: K-, KC-, C-, Pd-; 2-O-methylstenosporic acid with 2-O-methylperlatolic and 2-O-methyldivaricatic acid as minor or trace compounds. Specimens examined: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Upper Kangeroo River Rd, 9 km S of Robertson, H. Streimann 35796 (B, CBG); Olney State Forest, ca. 25 km W of Morisset, A. Archer P 166, 21.vi.1991 (NSW); Mt. Ebsworth Rd, 4 km SW of Stroud, A. Archer P194, 31.111. 1992 (NSW ); Murramarang N.P. ca. 10 km N of Batemans Bay, A. Archer P30] (NSW ). Victoria, Laughton Gully, Mar 1889, F. Wilson (NSW). NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Great Barrier Island, Rakitu (Arid) Island, 36°08'S, 175°30'E, B.Hayward s.n., Jan.1981 (AK169175); Poor Knights Island, Aorangi, E of Oneho Hill, 35°30'S, 174°33' E, alt. 180 m, B.Hayward s.n., ‘Aug. 1984 (AK172444). P. leucoplaca resembles the Australian species P. leucostigma Mill.Arg. (with which it often occurs in Australia) but is distinguished from that species by the absence of lichexanthone,the darker ostioles and the slightly smaller biseriate spores. Pertusaria leucoplaca is characterised by the eight biseriate spores and the presence of 2-O- methylstenosporic acid. It occurs in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and India. Pertusaria schizostomella Miill.Arg. Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 637 (1895). Type: Australia, New South Wales, C. Knight 3/1, 1887; G-holotype. Thallus pale yellowish green to pale greyish green, slightly or coarsely areolate and cracked, surface smooth or very slightly rough, dull, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, conspicuous, scattered or crowded and becoming confluent, concolorous with the thallus, slightly flattened-hemispherical, not constricted at the base, 0.5-1 mm diam.; ostioles conspicuous, pale, translucent, dull yellow, usually one per verruca; spores 2 per ascus, ellipsoid, smooth, or very slightly rough, 80-125 pm long, 30-45 pm wide. Chemistry: K-, KC+ orange, C+ orange, Pd-; thiophaninic acid (major), stictic acid (major) with constictic acid (minor -trace). Specimens examined: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Turkey, on Rhizophora, N. Stevens 1241, 18.viti.1975 (BRI); Brisbane area, Deception Bay, on mangrove, H.7. Lumbsch 5381, 10.viii.1987 (herb. Lumbsch). New South Wales, Lord Howe Island, Valley of Shadows, 31°31'45"S, 159°04'45"E, alt. 40m, J.A. Elix 32840, 3284], 22.vi.1992 (ANUC); Newport, on mangroves, F.R.M. Wilson s.n., Oct 1888, (NSW L4499); Batemans Bay, 35°44'S, 150°13'E, sea-level, on Avicennia, H. Streimann 37917, 20.1.1987 (CBG 9201737). 213 NORFOLK ISLAND, Ball Bay Reserve, 29°32'S, 167°59'E, alt. 80 m, on Araucaria trunk, H. Streimann 31726, |.xii.1984 (CBG 9201715); Philip Island, Upper Long Valley, 29°07'30"S, 167°57'E, alt. 80 m, on roots of Lagunaria, H. Streimann 32202, 4.xii. 1984 (CBG 9215716); ibid., H. Streimann 32217, 4.xii.1984, (CBG 9201717). NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Rangitoto Island, near Islington Bay, on Avicennia resinifera, H.H. Allan s.n., 24.viii.1933 (AK 18993); ibid., 12.iv.1936 (CHR 413815); ibid., on Avicennia officinalis, H.H.Allan s.n., 24.viii.1932 (CHR 452611, CHR 452613); near Slipper island, Watchman Rock, ST OSS; Wane ESB: Hayward 126, Aug. 1973 (AK 171693); Coromandel County, Great Mercury Island, 36°36'S, 175°48'E, B. Hayward H40.48, May 1975 (AK 187603); Tairua Ecological District, Slipper Island, 37°03'S, 175°56'E, B. Hayward H49.170 , H49.204, Aug. 1973 (AK 206948, AK 155028); Tapotupotu Bay, 34°36'S, 172°43'E, on mangroves, B. Hayward s.n., May 1984 (AK 206952). Pertusaria schizostomella is characterised by its two-spored asci, conspicuous translucent ostioles and the presence of thiophaninic and stictic acids. It occurs in eastern coastal Queensland and New South Wales, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island and in the North Island of New Zealand, often on mangroves at sea-level. The earliest New Zealand specimens, AK 18993, CHR 413815, CHR 45261 1 and CHR 452613, were originally identified by Zahlbruckner as P. melaleuca var. heterochroa (Mill.Arg.) Stirton (Zahlbruckner 1941: 329) but the specimens correspond in all respects to P. schizostomella. Pertusaria subisidiosa Archer, Mycotaxon 41: 242 (1991). Type: Australia, Queensland, North Stradbroke Island, NE of Brown Lake, 27°29'S, 153°26'E, on fallen trunk in mixed rain forest, J. Hafeliner 19204, 10.viii.1986; GZU- holotype. Thallus pale cream-white,thin, continuous, surface smooth and dull, isidiate, lacking soredia,; corticolous; isidia simple, concolorous with the thallus, profuse, 0.1-0.3 mm tall, 0.05-0.1 mm diam.; apothecia verruciform, concolorous with the thallus, inconspicuous, scattered, flattened-hemispherical, isidiate, 0.5-0.7 mm diam.,; ostioles black, conspicuous, 0.1-0.2 mm diam., | per verruca; spores 4 per ascus, uniseriate, ellipsoid, rough, 80-95 ym long, 25-35 wm wide. Chemistry: K-, KC-, C-, Pd-; 2,5-dichlorolichexanthone (major), 2,4,5-trichloro- lichexanthone (major), 2-chlorolichexanthone (minor), 2,4-dichlorolichexanthone (minor to trace) and stictic acid (major). Specimens examined: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Minnie Water Beach, ca. 40 km ESE of Grafton, 29°47'S, 153° 18'E, alt. ca. 10 m, on Banksia behind beach, A.W.Archer P 382, 13.1x.1992 (NSW). NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Three Kings Islands, Great Island, Castanay Valley, on kanuka, D.J.Galloway s.n., Nov. 1970 (CHR 451403 pp). Pertusaria subisidiosa is characterised by the isidiate thallus, the asci with four rough spores, the conspicuous black ostoles and its chemistry. Pertusaria subisidiosa was originally reported to contain stictic acid and traces of 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone (Archer 1991:242) but liquid chromatography showed the presence of the chloroxanthones listed above. Pertusaria subisidiosa resembles the Northern Hemisphere species P. coronata (Ach.) Th.Fr. but is chemically distinct from that species; P. coronata contains 4,5- dichlorolichexanthone and stictic acid. 214 Pertusaria subplanaica Archer & Elix, Mycotaxon 45: 422 (1992). Type: Australia, New South Wales, Patterson River [near junction with Hunter River, ca. 10 km E of Maitland, 32°44'S, 151°33'E], J. L. Boorman s.n., Aug 1906; NSW- holotype. Thallus pale olive green somewhat cracked, surface smooth and dull, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia verruciform, conspicuous, dispersed, sometimes confluent, concolorous with the thallus, flattened-hemispherical, constricted at the base, 0.8-1.5 mm diam.; ostioles inconspicuous, brown, | per verruca; spores 8 per ascus, irregularly uniseriate, smooth, ellipsoid becoming fusiform, (60-)80-100(-120) »m long, 30-40 ym wide. Chemistry: K-, KC-, C-, Pd-; 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone and 2,2'-di-O- methylstenosporic acid, with traces of planaic acid and 2,2'di-O-methyldivaricatic acid. Specimens examined: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Mt. Mee State Forest, J. Hufellner 16887, 13.viii.1986 (GZU); Gambubal State Forest, E of Emu Mtn, J. Hafellner 16339, 7.1x.1986 (GZU).N.S.W.: Blue Mountains N.P., Mt. Wilson, K. Kalb 20468, 31.vii.1988 (herb. KALB); Royal N.P., Bola Creek, K. Kalb 2/690, 21700, 2.viii. 1988 (herb. KALB). NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Auckland City, Rangitoto Island, J. Wadham s.n., 19.1.1951 (AK 172648); Thames County, B. Hayward s.n., Aug.1973 (AK154526); Coromandel County, Mt. Mangatawhiri, 36°47'S, 175°46'E, B.Hayward s.n., Aug.1974 (AK171724). Pertusaria subplanaica 1s characterised by asci with eight spores and the presence of 2,2'di-O-methylstenosporic acid. It occurs in eastern Australia and the North Island of New Zealand. Pertusaria thamnolica Archer, Mycotaxon 44:16 (1992) Type: Australia, New South Wales, E side of Mooney Mooney Creek, ca. 8 km WSW of Gosford, 33°26'S, 151° 15S'E, alt. ca. 10 m, on Casuarina, A.W. Archer P 178, 24.v.1991; NSW-holotype; ANUC-isotype. Thallus off-white to pale grey, areolate and cracked, surface smooth and dull, lacking isidia and soredia, corticolous; apothecia disciform, conspicuous,scattered, 0.5-1.5 mm diam., with thick inrolled margins, surface of disc white-pruinose; spores 8 per ascus, uniseriate, ellipsoid, smooth, 22-32 xm long, 12-17 ~m wide, spore wall single, ca. | pm thick. Chemistry: K+ yellow, KC-, C-, Pd+ yellow; thamnolic acid. Specimens examined: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Buckenbowra River Estuary, 7.5 km W of Batemans Bay, 35°42'S, 151°06'E, on Casuarina, K.Kalb 18238, 1892], 4.viii.1988 (herb. KALB); ibid., J.A. Elix 22360, 4.viii. 1988 (ANUC); Jerrawangla State Forest, Twelve Mile Road, near Boyd Lookout, 35°10'S, 150°23’E, alt. ca 500 m, on Leptospermum, A.W. Archer P 290, 29.ii1.1992 (NSW); Gibraltar Ranges National Park, track to the Needles, 29°31'S, 151°22'E, alt. ca. 400 m, on fallen branch, A.W. Archer P 440, 28.viii. 1992 (NSW). 215 NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Egmont National Park, Ngatoro Track, 26 km S of New Plymouth, 39°15'S, 174°07'E, alt. 590 m, on fallen branch, J.A. Elix 19232, 11.1.1985 (ANUC). South Island, Lewis Pass area, Nina Valley terrace, 42°18'S, 172°23'E, alt. 700 m, W. Malcolm 743, 1.i1.1993 (CHR 470254). Pertusaria thamnolica resembles P. truncata Krempelh.but is distiguished from that species by the presence of thamnolic acid and the slightly larger spores. The species is known from New South Wales and the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Pertusaria velata (Turn.) Nyl., Lichenes Scandinaviae: 179 (1861) Parmelia velata Turner, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 9: 143 (1808). Type: Great Britain, Sussex, on ash tree, W.Borrer s.n., 1805; BM-holotype Thallus greyish-white to off white, slightly cracked and areolate, surface smooth to slightly wrinkled, dull, lacking soredia and isidia; corticolous; apothecia disciform, numerous, scattered or crowded, concolorous with the thallus, 0.5-1 mm diam., discs pale to dark reddish-brown, slightly or densely white pruinose; spores | (rarely 2) per ascus, ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, 100-185 ym long, 30-45 um wide. Chemistry: K-, KC+ orange red, C+ red, Pd-; lecanonc acid Specimens examined: NEW ZEALAND, South Island, Nelson, Cobb River Dam, Mason s.n., Feb. 1959 (OTA 599a, 600a); Maruia Springs, W of Lewis Pass, alt. cu. 400 m, P. Child 1300, 6.1.1971 (CHR 452779); Lewis Pass, Nina valley, 42°28'S, 172°23'E, alt. ca. 700m, Nothofagus dominated river terrace, on fallen branch, W. Malcolm 372, 2.11.1993 (CHR 470422); Mt. Arthur, Flora Hut road, 0.7 km W of Flora Saddle, 41°11'S, 172°44'E, alt. ca. 950 m, W. Malcolm 872, 13.v.1993 (CHR 470256). Pertusaria velata is a wide-spread species with a pantropical and temperate distribution (Dibben 1980:78) characterised by disciform apothecia and the presence of lecanoric acid. Although the asci usually have one spore, two-spored asci were also found in the New Zealand specimens. KEY TO CORTICOLOUS NEW ZEALAND SPECIES OF PERTUSARIA | Detailed descriptions of species in the key that are not reported above are given in Galloway (1985)| 1. Thallus lacking spores, with sterile discs oF SOralia...........cecceeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2 Thallus with spores, in disciform or verruciform apothecia.............:ccsseeeneeeeeeD 2. Thallus sorediate, with white soralia, K-, Pd+ yellow, psoromic acid....P. psoromica DBhallus with sterile paises ccc vette eeuts csc sesise eyes te ek a meee nas cee ce baDisesuK- KC+ violet:: picrolicheniGgacid ss. cctv aavercyt. Gesrsttet-- P. truncata Discs Rta violétvorsyellow gh Geaind 28 deucmetenayerrclry) sets ioe seein... «80: 4 4. Discs K+ violet, Pd-, hypothamnolic acid..........0........ss00seeeess P. novaezelandiae Discs K+ yellow, Pd+ yellow, thammolic acid......... sc eseceeseeeeees P. thamnolica Deen DOME Clam CISCIFOFM a. .c4..1 14s eer ee. erat em areas CueEE Ae ooh Se eee 6 ADOtNECLARVErrUCILOlN) tca.ssie essere eee AO, Cae I cc sn res 12 216 GEO DSPOTeS) 7S PPE NwasCuse AL Aves te me ae Meee eter ear tee es uke ae ee mee we om 7. SPOres hf Per ASCUSE A ioaeesar esc tees Nee oe aed k skis SoON a Alar dc eh RMeN ENT Cale ane ete i 9 7. Spores spherical, 15-20 wm diam.; discs K-, KC-; lichen compounds absent.......... b Ket'edisls ialed esa bids sue ditate ra cines epaenee sUbk VNR adie ome tele Ree a meee Teena P. sporellula Spores ellipsoid, 20-32 um long; discs K+ yellow or KC+ violet...........ccccceees 8 32) Dises* Ke, RCP widtet Pdsnisk oe ae cree rest ue ance ee P. truncata Discs) K+ yellows | KG=:) Pde yellow uncer teen P. thamnolica OL Diss) Regs Gani Ro BTR Sa a lia ea ae al rec en let ere ae er 10 Dises'(K+-" violeti or K+ yellow iin. citi ec escenes cor oder ccstenest uetonae ene 11 LOL CDSS) Ge suey Ua CHOP CA Ln Rnb heaters Sie nl wea er oe P. circumcincta Dises?G+"red!"lecanoric acids Rae a eee ee P. velata 11. Dises K+: violet, Pd-; hypothamnolic ‘acid.......0 0c) cco. P. novaezelandiae Discs K+ yellow, Pd+ yellow; thammolic acid; ....... cee eeeeeeeee P. scutellifera I2Z°S pores 2h (or rarely 3)7 Perm asCus icc. dances terse ncaateer ice eee mene cae 13 SPOres 4" Or Sw peri ASCUs.s A aac sees aaeeel cuca ot ee eat eee RS Ee Rea 7 13k) Spores: S150) peme LONER A SS Oe RSs sky ee eee 14 SPOTS! cb DO WAV LON Gee oecctk sae seeseet etl cuss ec mee tevg ee ee eae eee ene 15 14. Verrucae conspicuous, raised; spore wall rough; spore length 160-250 pm........... SA eolod geet g stone eettas Oe daet ease cn scr ctge dee nets UN aE tek neU te eer aie or P. sorodes Verrucae inconspicuous, immersed; spore wall smooth; spore length 210-300 pm EaOvaa SOMES Laer R ERs aah nah ya tee, deta tele ae dear e nth Cina acyl s aemmntn tte P. hadrospora 15. Ostioles pale, translucent; thiophaninic and stictic acids............... P. schizostomella Ostioles black*stictie*acid absent.ca oiics ccs utecesc cot coeca tre eaane ee eee ene 16 16. Thiophaninic acid present; spores rarely 3 per aSCUS; ...........c.ccceeeees P. alboatra No lichen compounds present; spores always 2 per ascus; ........... P. melaleucoides 17. (12) Spores 4 per ascus, spore walls rough; thallus isidiate.............. P. subisidiosa Spores 8 (sometimes 6-8) per ascus, spore walls smooth; thallus not isidiate........ 18 18. Spores predominantly uniseriate, ostioles black or pale..............ccccccccessssreees 19 Spores: predominantly: biseriate; ostioles? DIACK 1.0.2. Lail 02. nuskssgaeecsaeesneeunne 23 19: Ostioles: black; ConmspiCuous.c2 UA. ibs A iat see ene uch cocereees een ar tem nae 20 Ostiolespaley WICONSPICUOUSA., c\h.tiemcesaecdensccds pede entagerte Aer eearn ee ee 21 20:Spores 50-70) pay tone thiophaninic V acid 0 oi2a.c..cctssesdeteee reser P. laevis Spores 30-37 pm long; 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone.............ccceseeceeesees P. parvula 21. Thallus lacking lichen compounds; spores 50-62 pm long...........0000 P. albissima Thallus with lichen compounds; spores 70-100(-120) pom long..........cceeeeees ae 2200220 -methyistenosporic-.acid present:/)..-2,-cet haicesasdnsctte enasevicetas P. leucoplaca z2'\2-di-O-methyistenosporic acid? present... 2. .5..02.ccctewssesoce awe P. subplanaica 230418): Spores<sO\ gam “POM isl. d le. ces ods cedeadancmareesse reeds snae treme ees cameaes 24 Spores 4>SO0i per LOM ceca aad aes a raat cee cpt Penge tenet gauetnee 2D 217 24. Thallus KC+ yellow, arthothelin & thiophanic acid; ......... eee P. bartlettii Thallus KC] slacking Jichen cOMmpOUNGS;. ie. ayecpeeessene nny ateuiexsneuen P. leucodes Porpnalus K+ red, Pods yellow: NOrstictic ACIC Aaa cadereectnensavs goceseses P. celata hhallus Ke Pd=s thiophaninic, acids\Uo. nie ec smerecta: serenei P. theochroa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the Herbaria referred to above and to Dr. W. Malcolm (Nelson) for the loan of specimens, to Mr. D. Verdon for checking the Latin descriptions and to Ms. C. Barclay (née Crook) for technical assistance with liquid chromatography ; one of us (AWA) is grateful to the National Herbarium of New South Wales for arranging the loan of type and other specimens and for permission to use the facilities of the Herbarium; the other (JAE) gratefully acknowledges the Australian Research Council for generous financial support. LITERATURE CITED Archer, A. W. (1991). New species and new reports of Pertusaria (Lichenised Ascomycotina) from Australia and New Zealand. Mycotaxon 41, 223-269. Archer, A.W. & Elix, J.A. (1993). Saxicolous species in the genus Pertusaria (Lichenes) common to New Zealand and Australia. V.Z.J. Bort. 31, 111-116. Archer, A. W. & Elix, J. A. (1993a). Additional new taxa and a new report of Pertusaria (Lichenised Ascomycotina) from Australia. Mycotaxon 49, 143-150. Dibben, M. J. (1980). 'The chemosystematics of the lichen genus Pertusaria in North America north of Mexico’. Milwaukee Publications in Biology and Geology, Number 5 (Milwaukee). Elix, J.A & Venables, D.A. (1993). 4-O-Methyllividic acid, a new lichen compound. Mycotaxon 47, 275-281. Galloway, D.J. (1985). 'Flora of New Zealand Lichens', Government Printer, Wellington. Krempelhuber, A. (1876). Neue Beitrage zur Flechten-Flora Neu Seelands.Verhandl. cool.-bot. Ges. Wien 26, 447-460. Miiller, J. (1884). Lichenologische Beitrage XIX. Flora, 67, 299-306; 349-354. Nylander, W. (1888). Lichenes Novae Zelandiae. P. Schmidt, Paris. Oshio, M. (1968). Taxonomical studies on the family Pertusariaceae of Japan. J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. Series B, Div. 2, 12, 81-163. Vainio, E.A. (1907). Lichenes novi rarioresque. Ser. 1V. Hedwigia 46: 169. Zahlbruckner, A. (1941). Lichenes Novae Zelandiae a cl. H. H. Allan eiusque collaboratoribus lecti. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien math.-naturwiss. K1.104, 249-380. ; ie : ae ae ? 4 ’ bal’ heme g. ee ‘4 wie 0, ioe Pai OF A ih: DARAPS aT 2 ae aan ae i ‘ | es ita ret a eo ia. ; ; «Daal Am Wee M5 ne " gees opots ee ieee ret wer) : oon y thee ofl : h i 4, n. Mh) a) MY COTAXON Volume L, pp. 219-270 January-March 1994 ALTERNARIA THEMES AND VARIATIONS (74-105) EMORY G. SIMMONS 717 Thornwood Road, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 ABSTRACT This paper includes clarification of an earlier paper on euphorbiicolous Alternaria species (Simmons 1986), most notably on Euphorbia pulcherrima and E. marginata, and expansion to include opinions on all taxa of Alternaria and somewhat similar genera that have been described from euphorbiaceous substrates. Proposals of A. acalyphae (Nelen) Simmons, comb. nov. (= Macrosporium acalyphae Nelen; on Acalypha australis); A. obtecta Simmons, sp. nov. (on Euphorbia supina and E.marginata); A. constricta Simmons, sp. nov. (on EE. marginata); A. agripestis Simmons & Mortensen, sp. nov. (on E. esula); A. subulata Simmons, sp. nov. (on E. hirta); A. acalyphicola Simmons, sp. nov. (on Acalypha indica); A. heveae Simmons, sp. nov. (on Hevea brasiliensis) ; A. cicina Simmons, sp. nov. (on Ricinus communis). XIII. (MOSTLY) ALTERNARIA ON EUPHORBIACEAE Introduction Taxonomic interest in euphorbiicolous species of Alter- naria in the past decade has included incitants of a disease affecting commercial production of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) and of a disease of an agro- nomic pest, leafy spurge (E. esula L.). Two papers published within two months of each other in the winter of 1985-1986 (Yoshimura et al. 1985; Simmons 1986) discussed Alternaria taxa on species of Euphorbia. Both papers contained propo- sals for combining the epithet of Macrosporium euphorbiae Bartholomew (1908) with Alternaria, and each selected a lectotype specimen for the name from among specimens distrib- 220 uted by Elam Bartholomew in Fungi Columbiani No. 2633 (1908). The proximate dates of publication (December 1985 and February 1986), differences in author interpretation of Bar- tholomew’s species because of reliance on different portions of his original collection(s), and the misapplication of the name A. euphorbiae to the poinsettia pathogen (correct name = A. euphorbiicola) are creating needless confusion in perti- nent herbaria, reference culture collections, and derivative publications (e.g., Holliday 1992, and abstracting journals such as the Review of Plant Pathology). The following observations are organized to present: 1. Opinions on the identity and nomenclatural status of each taxon described in Alternaria, Embellisia, Macrospo- rium, Stemphylium, and Ulocladium (plus Botryosporium prorumpens Schweinitz) whose substrate is euphorbiaceous. 2. A more detailed discussion of the typification of A. euphorbiae (Barth.) Aragaki & Uchida, particularly with reference to the hazards of studying different packets of an exsiccata issued in 70 sets of supposedly duplicate or multiple units, as Bartholomew is reported to have done for Fungi Columbiani (Stevenson 1971). 3. The results of a recent review of approximately 130 fungus specimens and isolates from euphorbiaceous substrates, primarily from BPI and IMI, but also from NY and other institutional herbaria as well as from several individual contributors. The number of novelties described below will not seem extravagant when it is realized that conidia of at least four taxa of Alternaria are present on the collection of spotted leaves of Euphorbia marginata Pursh chosen by Aragaki and Uchida as lectotype of A. euphorbiae, and that the single genus Euphorbia, with its 2000 species, contributes less than half of the taxa suggested for the Euphorbiaceae, with its 300 genera and 5000 species (Willis 1985). Conventions used in this discussion include: herbarium and culture collection abbreviations are from Holmgren et al. (1990), given here in boldface type; references to my records of material studied are in record volume-page format, e.g., EGS 41-034; ICBN refers to the International Code of Botani- cal Nomenclature (Greuter et al. 1988, except when an earlier 221 edition is specified); an abbreviation "Alt.T&V" often is used to simplify reference to this series of papers on Alternaria (Simmons 1981-1993), usually with a number speci- fying a pertinent unit in the series; routine culture condi- tions include PCA, Hay, and V-8 agars (Simmons and Roberts 1993, p. 136) in plastic Y-plates at ca. 22C under a 10/14hr, cool-white fluorescent light/dark cycle; microscopic details are recorded from observations made at 195X and 780X. Chronological Overview of Taxon Names Attributed to Phaeodictyosporous Hyphomycetes Described on Euphorbiaceae 74. 1832 Botryosporium prorumpens Schweinitz Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n.s., 4: 306. In Euphorbiae epidermide...Bethlehem [Pennsylvania]. Lectotype: FH, Botryosporium prorumpens, Schw! in Euphorbia & Diantho; Herb. Schw. (EGS 38-026). The original Schweinitz specimen associated with this name bears several different fungi. The collection itself has been subdivided over the years, with portions now held at least in BPI (herb. Michener); FH (herb. Curtis); K (herb. Berkeley); and PH (herb. Schweinitz). Damon (1952) reported that a fungus in the BPI portion appeared to be “of the general type found in Stemphylium" and illustrated two spores that could belong to one of several different genera but not to Stemphylium Wallroth. A few very scarce conidia found on the BPI portion (EGS 17-117) are of an Alternaria of the A. alternata group. The FH portion (EGS 38-026) bears some rare alternari- oid elements similar to those of the PH portion (see below), some conspicuous clumps of miscellaneous fungus’ spore skeletons (presumably deposited by insects, and illustrated in a sketch on the herb. Curtis specimen label), and a moder- ately extensive group of prorumpent sporodochia of Epicoccum (conidia also sketched on the label). I have not examined the K portion, but the records at the International Mycologi- cal Institute (IMI) indicate that M. B. Ellis at some time had given the opinion that the fungus on the K portion is an Epicoccum. The PH portion (EGS 12-085) bears numerous phaeodictyo- 222 conidia lying detached on the substrate. These are striking- ly similar to Alternaria conidia, but there is no readily apparent pore or pigmented annulus in the broadly rounded end of the spores; the narrowly tapered end of each of the few conidia examined is fractured. The visible evidence is inadequate to support calling the fungus an Alternaria, although it may be. Schweinitz (1832) described a fungus with rudimentary sporodochia arranged in two to several subconfluent series and bearing very dark fascicles of dark, compressed-globose, pedicellate spores (which he illustrated as being dictyo- spores). His description and illustration are consistent with the characters of Epicoccum Link, although the conidia in his drawing could be interpreted as inverted alternarioid entities. The FH portion of the original specimen bears a good representative of Epicoccum. This FH portion of the original collection is chosen here to be the lectotype of Botryosporium prorumpens Schw. Monotypic Botryosporium Schw. (1832) is a later homonym of Botryosporium Corda (1831), whose own type, B. diffusum (Albertini & Schw.) Corda, probably is conspecific with B. longibrachiatum (Oudem.) Maire (fide Mason 1928). The genus name Botryosporium Schw. is illegitimate (ICBN Art. 64); its type is a species of Epicoccum. ioe 1878 Macrosporium compactum Cooke Journ wiiLinn! wsoct" “Botany yl] AZ, On stems of Ricinus: “Houston (Rav 2272); (2/3.)%: Lectotype: BPI 0445206, Macrosporium compactum Cke., on. Ricinus) “Houston, Texas, Apy.;' 16," U869." HoWen 92757 ne (EGS 07-109). Cooke (1878) described this fungus as dark and effuse on a compact crust, with simple, brown, septate, fasciculate conidiophores, and with oval, obtuse, sooty brown, cellular conidia 20-30 x 12-14 um. Cooke also illustrated his concept of M. compactum in a plate of figures accompanying a paper on New Jersey fungi (Cooker ands BL Iisi( L878 Pi 99k). toe Loy Although this illustration cannot be tied directly to the typification of M. compactum, the proximate dates of the two publications should give weight to Cooke’s linking a description and an 23 illustration so immediately with a single species name. The Ravenel specimen bears an intimate heterogeny of sporulation elements of at least Alternaria, Curvularia, Pithomyces, and Ulocladium taxa. Cooke's description of sooty brown (fuligineis) conidia with obtuse ends and, in particular, his illustration suggest identity with the Pithomyces that is present. Certainly the rather pale, sharp-beaked Alternaria conidia that are present in abundance do not fit the description. McClellan (1944), ignoring Cooke's specific character- ization of shape, pigmentation and size of conidia, selected conidia from "herbarium type material" (unspecified) that approximated the spore characters of an Alternaria isolate from Ricinus leaves that he was studying. He proceeded to propose the new combination Alternaria compacta (Cooke) McClellan (see Alt.T&V 85 below). The lectotype of M. compactum Cooke, chosen here from among specimens listed in the protologue, is a species of Pithomyces Berk. & Broome not readily if at all distinguish- able. from P. chartarum (Berk. & Curt.) (M2 B.. Ellis on’ the basis of the conidia seen. Vor 1886 Macrosporium trichellum (Arc. & Sacc.) Arc. & Sacc. var. caulicola Saccardo [as "caulicolum" ] Sylloge Fungorum 4: 525. In caulibus emortuis Euphor- biae biglandulosae, La Mortola, Ital. bor. [Penzig]. Type specimen not found. Variety typified by the Saccardo description, which he copied from observations made by Penzig (1884) on a Penzig specimen discussed in his Funghi della Mortola. Arcangeli and Saccardo (1878) described Stemphylium trichellum Arc. & Sacc. on the printed label of a specimen distributed as no. 698 in Series II of the exsiccata Erbario Crittogamico Italiano (1858-1885, various authors and pub- lishers). They observed that the fungus, found on leaves of Euonymus japonicus L., had 3-5 septate-muriform, fuligenous, ellipsoid to obovoid conidia 30-35 x 18 wm, that it agreed in some respects with Stemphylium pyriforme (Corda) Bonorden and a few other dark-spored taxa, and that they wondered if Stemphylium, Macrosporium and several other similar genera (named) really differed essentially from each other. 224 Later Saccardo (1881) issued an illustration of this fungus in his Fungi italici autograph. del. no. 853 but under the name "Macrosporium trichellum Arc. et Sacc.," citing its earlier publication as a Stemphylium. The illustration and conidium dimensions match the original 1878 description. Penzig (1884), in his Funghi della Mortola, identified one of his specimens collected on stems of Euphorbia biglan- dulosa as M. trichellum Arc. & Sacc. and gave dimensions of conidiophores as 35-50 wm long, of conidia 33-35 x 16-18 um. Finally, Saccardo (1886) considered Penzig’s fungus to be a distinct variety of the original species because of its comparatively short conidiophores and caulicolous habit on a host different than that of the original taxon. He created the name M. trichellum var. caulicola Sacc., though there is no evidence either in his entry in the Sylloge Fungorum or in his herbarium at PAD that he examined Penzig’s specimen. I have not been able to locate Penzig’s collection of this fungus. Without it, it is not profitable to speculate on the nature and identity of the fungus he collected, even at the genus level. Ws, 1887 Macrosporium commune Rabenh. f. Ricinis communis in Berlese and Roumeguere: Revue Mycologique 9: 180. The entire entry reads "4240 (38) Macrosporium commune Rabh. f£f. Ricinis communis. In foliis emortuis. Cerra de S. Bento pr. Coimbra: Juan. 1887." The name of the forma, if such was the intention, is not accompanied by any sort of diagnosis or description. It is a nomen nudum. The numbers "4240 (38)" refer to specimens issued in Roumeguere's Fungi selecti exsiccati. The unit of this exsiccatus that I have examined (NY; EGS 05-075) bears hyphal fragments but, in the single slide preparation examined, no conidia pertinent to this discussion. Addition- ally, the name, as a forma, would have no priorible status in nomenclature. Se 1908 Macrosporium euphorbiae Bartholomew Figewl E. Bartholomew, Fungi Columbiani no. 2633, with type description on printed label of exsiccata packet. On living & languishing leaves of Euphorbia marginata. Fig. 71. Alternaria euphorbiae: Macrosporium euphorbiae Barth. (BPI 0445288). conidia from lectotype of Bar = 50 wm. 226 Lectotype: BPI, certain conidia (Fig. 71) on slide #1 of M. Aragaki and J. Y. Uchida, maintained in a separate packet associated with BPI 0445288, a unit of Bartholomew's F. Col. 2633, and with an annotation slip "#1 This specimen designated as lectotype of Alternaria euphorbiae (Barth.) Aragaki & Uchida. Published by M. A. Yoshimura, J. Uchida & M. Aragaki in Plant Disease, March, 1986 70: 75." (EGS 41- 116). [The cited paper appeared in Plant Disease 70 (January 1986): 73-75, which actually was issued in December 1985. ] The herbarium of the National Fungus Collections (BPI) contains three packets/units of F. Col. 2633. Aragaki and Uchida apparently indicated their lectotype choice to BPI but in their published treatment did not specify the actual specimen or the institution involved, stating "The lectotype specimen (designated by M. Aragaki and J. Y. Uchida) fit the description given by Bartholomew, . . ." [The Interna- tional Code of Botanical Nomenclature in effect in 1985-1986 (Voss et al. 1983) did not require specific mention of the herbarium or institution in which a designated lectotype is conserved. The edition of the ICBN published in 1988 (Greuter et al.) does make such a requirement in Art. 8.4, which became effective 1 January 1990. ] Simmons and Francis (Alt.T&V 14, Simmons 1986) also published observations on Macrosporium euphorbiae Bartholomew and, unaware of the Aragaki and Uchida work, selected as lectotype a fungus found in a different unit of F. Col. 2633 (NY; EGS 03-047). Regardless of the merits or differences of observations made by the two different pairs of authors, the Aragaki and Uchida prior choice of lectotype must prevail, and fungus elements present in BPI 0445288 must serve as lectotype of M. euphorbiae Barth. However, definition of M. euphorbiae within the context of this a.cepted lectotype choice raises problems for the simple fact that the slide preparation #1, representing the material examined microscopically as a basis for the lecto- typification, actually bears conidia of three different species of Alternaria and some large, long-beaked conidia of a Nimbya taxon. The nature of the three distinguishable kinds of Alternaria conidia is taken up in detail in a separate section following this chronological treatment of names (Alt.T&V 97-99). Observations in that place support a caution that all mycotaxonomists (including me) need to heed when dealing with exsiccatae of microscopic fungi in particular, viz., that a fungus name refers to a fungus of 227 a certain circumscription, not to a host lesion of a certain nature, even less to detached portions of field material in a common packet, and most certainly not indiscriminantly to all the putative “isotypes" or "duplicates" distributed by the score in major exsiccatae, only a few of which the distributor could possibly have examined in detail. The main point in this chronology is to define M. eu- phorbiae as critically as possible on the basis of Barthol- omew’s type description and the lectotype source. It is not essential at this point to discuss the characters of the Alternaria pathogen of poinsettia discussed in the Yoshimura et al. paper (1985) and the Simmons paper (1986) or whether it is the same taxon as M. euphorbiae Barth. (although it is not). Bartholomew described Macrosporium euphorbiae in as much detail as was customary for the time. The appearance of the leafspots of the host are not diagnostically helpful, as at least one such lesion provided conidia of the three alternarioid fungi of the lectotype slide. The spots were described as, and are, "amphigenous, brown, suborbicular, subcircinate, lighter at the margin," and in this lectotype unit ca. 3-8 mm diam. The original description of conidiophores likewise is not specifically applicable because it is too generalized to permit application to one of the conidial types present but not the others. Conidiophores ("hyphae") were given as "amphigenous, dark brown at base, lighter toward the apex, dense, fasciculate, simple, divergent, 2-6 septate," which some are, some are not. | The description of conidia thus becomes the only Significant portion of the characterization that permits a choice of the M. euphorbiae lectotype from among the diversi- ty of taxa present. Bartholomew continues: "Conidia light brown, obclavate or subelliptical, 4-8 septate, 40-75 x 12- 2Qz, with frequent longitudinal septa. Apical appendages flexuous, curved, as long or longer than the conidia." Figure 72 illustrates four kinds of conidia present on the lectotype slide that are pertinent to this discussion. The three Alternaria taxa are treated in more detail in VOWS OR AN OR SS oe ES Be de 228 Fig. 72a An Alternaria species with fully developed conidium body 60-80 x 15-18 yum, with 7-9 transverse septa and one, rarely two longitudinal septa in 2-5 of the largest transverse segments of the spore. The outer wall appears smooth and the transverse septa appear distinctly medium brown in color. Apical narrowly filamentous beaks are almost straight to smoothly flexuous, 110-170 x ca. 2 um. These conidia represent typical M. euphorbiae Barth. , i.e., Alternaria euphorbiae (Barth.) Aragaki & Uchida, in that they fit the type description well, and certainly better than other conidia present on and illustrated from the lectotype slide. If it should be argued (which I do not) that Bartholomew may have seen and included the other kinds of conidia in his species concept, and that one of them should be designated lectotype, then it is specified here that only the kind of conidia in slide #1 associated with BPI 0445288, as characterized above for Fig. 72A and illustrated here in Fig. 71, are designated as lectotype of M. euphorbiae Barth. (See ICBN, Art. 8.1(b), Greuter et al., 1988.) Rig 272b An Alternaria species with fully developed conidium body 70-85 x 18-20 wm, with 9-12 pale, indistinct transverse septa and one obscure longitudinal septum in 0-2 of the transverse segments. The outer wall is pale, almost hyaline, as are the septa, which seem to be masked by a crowded, extremely minute, punctulate ornamentation. Apical, narrowly filamentous beaks are straight or somewhat curved, LTO- 120"x ican 2m, The conidia of this species, with their large body and filamentous beak, are distinguishable additionally in pigment, pattern and indistinctness of septation, and wall ornamentation from those of M. euphorbiae. This taxon is known and has been isolated from other euphorbiicolous sources. It is discussed in more detail below in Alt.T&V 98 as a new species. Fig. 72c An Alternaria species with fully developed conidium body 35-50 x 10-12 ym, with 6-7 transverse septa and usually 1-2 longitudinal septa in each transverse segment except the apical and basal. Wall pigmentation is medium yellow-brown; walls are punctulate roughened overall. Conidia are ellipsoid, tapering apically into a beak cell ca. 18 zm long, or beakless with an apical secondary conidiophore ca. 15 x 4ym, which characterizes the taxon as chain-forming 229 Fig. 72. Conidia of taxa on lectotype slide of Macrosporium euphorbiae Barth. (BPI 0445288). a. Alternaria euphorbiae, b. Alternaria obtecta, Cop Altermnarian sp.,4 ~d.eNimbyacsp. Bar = 50 pm. 230 in nature. This conidial component of the lectotype slide has only generic resemblance to conidia discussed in Fig. 72a and b above. It is readily separable from the others in the context of this slide, but there are insufficient numbers of conidia for speculation at present as to its identity among similar small-spored species. Fig.) 72d A Nimbya species with fully developed conidium body 50-70 x 13-18 ym, with 8-10 transverse, variously angled lacunae partially or completely separated by transverse septa and one longitudinal septum or lacuna partition in 1-3 of the transverse segments. Wall color is a pale yellowish brown. Apical filamentous beaks are straight to smoothly flexuous, L00-170ux ‘cas /2) 2m. The strongly lacunate, rarely longiseptate conidia of this Nimbya contrast well with the typically muriformly septate M. euphorbiae conidia in this slide preparation. Here again, there are insufficient numbers of conidia for comparison with other known species of Nimbya. 79. 1921 Macrosporium cavarae Parisi Bulli Orto "Bot, WUniv, Napoli 650291) Inifotins Rrer: communis. Type: published description (l.c.); specimen lacking. The fungus was described (in Latin) as: conidiophores simple, flexuous, sooty brown; conidia clavate [obclavate?], muriformly septate, with 4-8 transverse septa, somewhat constricted, 34-40 x 10-13 uw, or 39-47 yw with pedicel [beak?], concolorous [with conidiophores?]. Given the widely held concept of Macrosporium in 1921, the description may be of a relatively small-spored Alternaria with either a short beak cell or a short apical secondary conidiophore 7-8 yum long. In the absence of a specimen this is mostly specula- tive, even as to genus. The taxon is unknowable on the basis of the information available. McClellan (1944), followed by Joly (1964), considered M. cavarae identifiable with M. compactum Cooke, i.e., with A. compacta (Cooke) McClellan. The type of M. compactum, however, is a Pithomyces, which applies automatically to the identity of A. compacta. (See Alt.T&V 75 above.) 231 80. 1921 Macrosporium euphorbiae Reichert Bot. Jahrb. soyst:. \ 5677 2345) Hap deine fol iis, Euphorbiae prunifoliae (Jack.) J. Muller prope Salamum prope Mansurahm, 6 Decembri 1911 (leg. Schweinfurth in Mus. DOE WBerol. ). Holotype: B, “auf Euph. prunifolia, Salamum prope Mansurah,, 6.12.1911. °S... Schweinfurth,." | (EGS 09-103). The pertinent fungus present on leafspots of this collection is an Alternaria. It was discussed and illus- trated in Alt.T&V 15 as A. euphorbiicola Simmons & Engelhard (Simmons 1986), a new name for M. euphorbiae Reichert, which is a later homonym of M. euphorbiae Barth. (1908). Largest conidia (ca. 50-60 x 18-20 um) of the Reichert type specimen are beakless or have a short tapering beak cell up to ca. 10um long. Many conidia of the type have produced an apical secondary conidiophore 3-30 x ca. 3 wm. These conidiophores are in no respect the equivalent of the long, sinuous, filamentous beaks seen in the holotype of Bartholo- mew's M. euphorbiae. The sturdy, stiff pseudorostra charac- terize M. euphorbiae Reichert as chain-forming in nature. The fungus described by Reichert is known from addi- tional herbarium specimens (e.g., from Hong Kong, Tanganyika, U.S.A.) as well as from isolates originating in Florida and Hawaii. This material, observations on it in culture and its relationship to a disease of poinsettia are discussed in Alt.T&V 15 (Simmons 1986) and 95 below under its correct name, A. euphorbiicola. 81. 1929 Macrosporium ricini Yoshii 1 nO) 6 BubU eeh. (RakteyTerkule: i Kjusu’ Impi Univ) 3e0'330: [Engl. Summary 3: 330.] Occurring on the leaves of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.), collected at Suigen, Chosen, August 1926, September, 1927, at Hakozaki, Fukuoka, July 16, 1928 (type), September, 1928. Lectotype: BPI 0445446, [collected on] Ricinus communis [at] Fukuoka [on] July 1928 (EGS 41-106). I have had the opportunity to examine two Yoshii specimens, the one deposited at BPI and one of later date, wihy 516, 19295 lent to me.by),. Yoshii in 1956. with the label Doz "Macrosporium (Alt.) ricini Yoshii/Ricinus communis L. /Hako- zaki, Fukuoka, H. Yoshii" (EGS 08-164). The date of the BPI specimen is within the protologue data for the name and, therefore, is chosen as lectotype. The label of the specimen lent in 1956, although marked "Type," bears a date emendation from August 22, 1930, to July 16, 1929, ‘which precludes status as type when the date in the original description clearly is given as month 7 of 1928 (Japanese text) and as July 16, 1928 (English summary). The same fungus taxon is present on leaves of the two different collections, but it is necessary to specify the BPI material as lectotype in accord with ICBN Art. 8 rules on lectotypification. Yoshii described the fungus as incitant of a leafspot disease characterized by irregular cinnamon-buff spots 10-20 mm. diam. that often are surrounded by a paler halo. His description of the fungus fits [with ES comments noted] the material in the specimen: fasciculate conidiophores light brown to olivaceous, stout, 30-60 x 5.5-7.0 wm, 1-4 celled; conidia greenish brown to olivaceous, fusiform to obclavate with many [4-8] transverse and longitudinal septa, 42-78 x 8.7-19.5 wm, scarcely [nearly always slightly] constricted at the septa, with slender hyaline beak 30-100 x 1.2-1.8 yum. Yoshii’s work, reported in this 1929 paper, included isolation of the fungus and inoculation of test plants, with positive results. He was one prominent mycologist of the time who noted correctly the relative positions of Alternaria conidia and their conidiophores, viz., that the conidia are obclavate with rounded base proximal to the conidiophore apex and that the conidium’s apical extension is a beak, not a pedicel at the base of the conidium. His excellent photo- graphs (l.c., Tab. 2) leave no doubt as to conidium orienta- tion and morphology. B2.. 1939 Macrosporium rosarium Penzig var. piscariae Sprague, in Sprague and Cooke, Mycologia 31: 51. On living leaves of Piscaria setigera (Benth.) Peper, South (of Many. (s') River, (Corvallis) wBenton Cow Ones OSS ICA RLOVILO. Hives Jackson Sept, (2019145 Type: illustration and description, Mycologia 31: 49 (Fier n2 AS OC) apo. 1939. Two portions of the original specimen have been examined in detail, BPI 0455448 (EGS 07- 1217 415108) srand@0SC) 1.091 618( ECS 12-08808 Not a single conidium or conidiophore having the characteristics of the 200 Pete) Ol. Alternariva jriCini: conidia from lectotype of Macrosporium ricini Yoshii (BPI 0445446). Bar = 50 un. 234 type figure and description has been found, even though presumptive conidia and conidiophores of the kind of fungus described (a Stemphylium) usually can be seen readily at 50- 60X dissecting microscope magnification. Sprague (in litt. 5-25-58) once suggested that a third portion may have been sent to another herbarium. I have not encountered such in searches for type material. An excellent Alternaria and a Heterosporium are present in abundance in the collection. Collector H. S. Jackson de- scribed the conidia as "clavatis" in his manuscript notes, so presumably he noted the Alternaria. However, the type description, illustration, and reference to Macrosporium rosarium Penzig (= Stemphylium rosarium (Penzig) E. Simmons 1990) undoubtedly suggest a Stemphylium. The type descrip- tion indicates conidiophores 50-105 x 6-10.5ym with a series of successive, inflated, internally proliferating conidiogen- ous cells; pyriform to urn-shaped or subcylindric conidia with muriform (usually 3 strong transverse septa), somewhat constricting septation, are olive-brown, minutely and thickly echinulate, 15-40 x 15-23 um. Lacking a specimen and given the current inadequacy of the systematic literature on Stemphylium, we now are unlikely to be able to identify this taxon. 83. 1943 Alternaria ricini (Yoshii) Hansford Fig. 74 Proc. ‘Linn. Soo; London )153: 53. Basionym: Macrosporium ricini Yoshii (1929). See Alt.T&V 81 above. Hansford offered the new combination in Alternaria on the basis of Yoshii’s description and of a specimen (Hansford 8561) collected on Ricinus communis in Kampala, Uganda. He added no novel information for the taxon except that "the conidia are occasionally 2-catenulate." I have not seen the Hansford specimen. It is worth noting that Yoshii’s type specimen also contains a rare conidium with an apical scar, indicating occasional production of short chains in nature. Conidia in authentic Yoshii material as well as in field specimens I have seen from several different countries yield a microscopic picture suitable for correct determina- tion of the species on natural lesions, but they are inade- quate for identification of the taxon in axenic culture. The Fig. 749) (Alternariairicini 3)\3i/conidiavat left) from original field specimen; 6 conidia at right (all conspicuously orna- mentea) trom culture 7d../on PCA. se Bari=)50yzm. Wi (EGS 06-181) 236 problem is not subtle (Fig. 74). Mature conidia from the most abundant natural spore populations I have seen (EGS 06- 181 from Virginia, U.S.A.; and BPI 044651 ex IMI 68960 from Southern Rhodesia (EGS 41-098)) tend to have a nearly hemispheric or short, rounded obconoid base cell or region and appear quite smooth at 780X. Conidia of comparable maturity in cultures of EGS 06-181 on PCA and V-8 tend to have a strikingly elongate base cell and a densely ornamented outer wall. It is only on relatively non-nutritive Hay agar that conidia similar in proportions to those from nature are produced, and even these Hay-culture conidia are conspicuous- ly ornamented. The abundant sporulation of field specimen EGS 06-181 has conidia that are already narrowly appiculate when they have only (3-)5 transverse septa (none longitudinal) and are ca. 50 x 10 wm in size. The spore broadens and usually lengthens to become 50-75 x 20-25ym, narrowing abruptly into a fine, almost rigid beak 60-100 x ca. 1.5 wm. Largest conidia are broadly ovoid to ellipsoid, with 8-9 transverse septa and 1-2 longitudinal septa in each of most of the transverse compartments. Conidium color is a dilute yellow- ish tan; spore walls appear smooth. An isolate derived from EGS 06-181 sporulates abun- dantly on PCA and V-8 agars, less so on Hay. Conidia produced on Hay agar within 1 wk. are, in general, similar to those from the field specimen except that the conidium wall is visibly ornamented. Fully developed conidia are ellipsoid to long ovoid and ca. 65 x 18 wm with a shorter, narrow beak. Secondary sporulation (chain formation) is rare on Hay. Conidia of EGS 06-181 produced on PCA (my usual compar- ison medium) and V-8 agars differ strikingly from those on Hay due to the presence of low excrescences evenly spaced, almost crowded, over nearly all of the spore wall, even of the smallest juvenile conidia. Spore bodies of most of the fully developed conidia are long ellipsoid (widest in the middle) or long ovoid (widest below the middle), with a narrow beak. However, conidia with a terminal secondary conidiophore (chain formers) commonly have an unusual obovoid appearance, with the greatest diameter above the middle of the spore body. Young narrow, transeptate conidia tend to broaden variously as they mature without much change in the diameter of the basal one or two cells. These cultural characters of attentuate base and strong ornamentation of Zor conidia need to be added to the A. ricini species concept. 84. 1943 Macrosporium ricini Sawada Rept. Agr. Res. Inst. Formosa no. 85: 97. Collected as a parasite on Ricinus communis, Taihoku, Feb. 4, 1926, by Kaneyoshi Sawada [orig. in Japanese]. Holotype: TAI, on Ricinus communis L., Taipei (Tai- DOK) erOr. wiheb.074. 5 9) 26% K. Sawada [modern label in English] (EGS 12-101). Sawada described a fungus with obclavate conidia extending into a long beak, 3-11 transverse and 0-6 longitu- dinal septa, 36-130 x 10-23 wm. A single leaf with a distinct necrotic lesion well darkened by conidia and conidiophores has been examined from the type specimen. Most of the largest conidia have unusual- ly swollen cells. No large conidium in this slide prepara- tion retains an intact beak. The overall impression is of A. ricini (Yoshii) Hansford in an overmature, overdeveloped state. Accepting M. ricini Sawada as identifiable with A. ricini is a convenient and, I think, correct solution to the handling of the Sawada taxon, for its name is illegitimate, both as a later homonym of M. ricini Yoshii and in lacking a Latin description or diagnosis (required by ICBN rules beginning 1 January 1935). 65.) 1944 Alternaria compacta (Cooke) McClellan Phytopathology 34: 229. Basionym: Macrosporium compactum Cooke (1878). The lectotype of the basionym is a Pithomyces, probably P. char- tarum. See Alt.T&V 75. 86. 1959 Alternaria ricini (Sawada) Sawada spec ss Frubla, Coll wAgr. Nat. slaiwan Univ.) no. 5 :, 208. Basionym [illegit.]: Macrosporium ricini Sawada (1943). See Alt.T&V 84. The Sawada basionym gains no legitimacy by being 238 transferred to Alternaria, where A. ricini (Yoshii) Hansford was established legitimately in 1943. The fungus collected and described by Sawada appears to be an overdeveloped growth of A. ricini (Yoshii) Hansford, but the names he published illegitimately have no standing in mycological nomenclature, not even as synonyms of the Yoshii/Hansford combination. 87. 1962 Macrosporium acalyphae Nelen Big ovo Bot. Mater... OtdiiSporov.) Rast; Both inst. »Akad 7 iNauk SSSR 15: 142. Habitatio. In foliis Acalyphae austra- lis L. districtus Kalininensis pag. Rozhdestvenskoje 27 Viti L952 (typus).. Holotype: LE? I have not seen the specimen designated by Nelen as type and said by him to be conserved in LE. A later Nelen collection was received from LE in response to my request for Nelen types. Most of the Nelen specimens lent to me by LE correspond to respective protologues; a few do not. Having no reason to believe that the type specimen of M. acalyphae would not have been sent if it is extant at LE, it is reasonable to conclude that it is not and that another specimen authentic with Nelen and matching the type description can be chosen as neotype of the name. Neotype: LE, Macrosporium acalyphae Nelen, on Acalypha australis, Amurskaya oblast, sepo Taibovka, pole [Amur Oblast, Taibovka village, field], 1 IX 1959, E. S. Nelen. (EGS 20-166). Nelen described and illustrated a leafspot fungus with oblong-oval, pale brown conidia with 9-12 transverse and 1-2 longitudinal septa, and an apical, hyaline, filiform beak 100-127 wm long. Dimensions of conidium bodies plus beaks are 160-220 x 13520 zm. Nelen illustrated but did not mention that the conidium beak may be 1-branched and may have up to 8 septa more or less evenly spaced in the narrow beak. Fully developed conidia of the neotype fit this description well. Juvenile conidia ca. 50 x 10 wm with 4 transepta elongate but remain relatively narrow while a beak as long as 90 wm is produced. The conidium body continues to lengthen, expand, and lay down numerous transverse and a few longitudinal septa; the beak lengthens, becomes septate, and occasionally becomes 1-branched. No surface ornamenta- =< 63 eee. Be : ry ee : Sra omes ey = Sen f see : Z ee ‘ SN | - § uo ie Ss 5 240 tion is evident on the conidia. The taxon is an excellent representative of a large-spored, filament-beaked Alternaria, to which genus the epithet is transferred. Alternaria acalyphae (Nelen) E. Simmons, comb. nov. Basionym: Macrosporium acalyphae Nelen, Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 15: 142. 1962. Neotype specified above. A specimen of A. acalyphae was collected by H. C. Greene in Wisconsin in 1948 (WIS, EGS 41-060). He reported it as Alternaria sp. on Acalypha virginica L. in one of his series of Notes on Wisconsin Parasitic Fungi (1949), from which it was compiled in Farr et al. (1989). The conidia of the Wisconsin specimen are for the most part juvenile or young-mature filament-rostrate, rarely with a branched beak. Otherwise the material is typical. No isolate of this fungus is known to me. 88. 1962 Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. var. majus Batista & Bezerra [as major], in Batista, Peres and Bezerra, Inst. Micols. Univ.* Recite Publ: 343) 0p. 17), | Sobre Croton campestris St. Hil... .lpojuca, Pern. Leg. Dr Epaminondas de Barros Correia, 5/1/6l. Fipoye cis IMUR, The varietal epithet is illegitimate through lack of a Latin description or diagnosis. The specimen that would be considered type if the varietal name were legitimate (URM, EGS 16-087) bears scarce, echinulate Stemphylium conidia up to 48 x 22 wm (the authors give 27-43 x 12-19 wm) with 3-4 constricting transverse septa. Judged on the basis of the few conidia and conidiophores seen and the authors’ illustra- tion,.,.the. taxon. jis 7similar to.S.\,lycopersicin (Enjoja) Yamamoto but certainly not to S. botryosum. The variety has no nomenclatural standing and, due to the scarcity of spores, is unidentifiable more closely than to genus. 69" 1970 Stemphylium floridanum Hannon & Weber var. euphorbiae Nag Raj & Govindu Sydowia 23(1969): 115. On living leaf of Euphorbia sp., Hebbal, Bangalore, 2.5.1966, T. R. Nag Raj. 241 Type (according to authors): MYSP + 823), with culture from type also deposited in Herb. MYSP. I have not seen either one of these. The taxon, as described and illustrated by the authors, has conidia "pale to olivaceous brown, oblong, cylindrical or subangular, rounded or acutely pointed at the apex, often with a beak, base truncate or rounded with a prominent basal scar, 3-4 major horizontal septa at which the walls are constricted and many secondary septa, walls verrucose, 41-69 x 14-19 uw in size, usually three times longer than broad." The conidia described and illustrated are almost certainly recognizable as S. lycopersici (Enjoji) Yamamoto (syn. = S. floridanum Hannon & Weber) or a variety thereof. 904 1980 Alternaria crotonis Kamal, Singh & Kumar Indian Phytopath. 32(1979): 228. On living leaves of Croton bonplandianum Baill (Euphorbiaceae) ; University, Gorakhpur; August 1976. Type. (according to authors’); IMI. 206233, leg. R. P- Sinenes Lo; University, Gorakhpur, U.P? , “India. I have=not found this specimen in the herbarium at IMI; no other specimen of the taxon, as named, is known to me. The authors describe and illustrate a relatively small- spored fungus, presumably an Alternaria, with solitary, rarely catenate, obclavate, olive brown, smooth conidia 7.2- 45 x 3.6-10.8 wm (usually 21.6 x 7.2ym), with (in illustra- tion) 3-4 transverse and rarely 1 longitudinal septa; the tapering apex of the conidia, a beak, is simple, smooth, hyaline, non-septate, up to ca. 20 zm in length. The authors conclude that a novel species is in hand because "it shows some morphological resemblance" to but differs in one way or another from A. cheiranthi (Lib.) Bolle, A. dianthi Stev. & Hall, A. tenuissima (Kunze ex Pers.) Wilts., and A. ricini (Yosh.) Hansf. The comparisons are spurious in that the conidia, as illustrated, have no species resemblance whatever to the taxa listed. A. crotonis is unknowable unless the type specimen becomes available. oT. 1981 Ulocladium manihoticola Yen Bulle Soc. Mycol srrance 9/152) snap itac an foi is 242 vivis Manihotis utilissimae in Sungei Way, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ad Jo-min Yen, No. 71172, 1 Oct. 1971 (Yen Herb. No. 10573). Type (according to Yen): Yen Herb. No. 10573, leg. Jo- min Yen, No. 71172, 1 Oct. 1971. Repeated attempts to borrow this and other Yen specimens for examination have been unsuccessful. Information from his institutional connection at the time of his death (LAM) is that his herbarium is in the hands of his family and unavailable. The taxon, as illustrated, would be difficult to place in Ulocladium but very easy to place in Pithomyces. Only examination of the type specimen can yield an identification of the taxon. epiaiy 1983 Embellisia conoidea E. Simmons Mycotaxon 17: 226. On old crustose, scarcely plastic natural latex of cultivated Hevea sp. Holotype: BPI 431684, on natural latex of Hevea sp., Java, Indonesia, Feb. 1969. EGS 29-179. This taxon, with its brown, septate, conoid conidia 13- 15 x 5-7 ym produced individually at the apex of progressive- ly geniculate conidiophores, probably would at one time have been considered a rather odd, small-spored Alternaria. The decision to segregate somewhat similar taxa with thick, densely pigmented secondary septum layers abutting the paler outer wall of the conidium into a separate genus Embellisia E. Simmons (1971) gave a morphologically suitable systematic placement for E. conoidea. The species has no significant resemblance to any other taxon treated here and is included only because the substrate of its type is latex of a euphorbiaceous plant. 93. 1985 Alternaria euphorbiae (Barth.) Aragaki & Uchida, in Yoshimura, Uchida and Aragaki Plant Dis 70 C1986). 75. Basionym: Macrosporium euphorbiae Bartholomew, Fungi Columbiani no. 2633, iss. 1908, with type description on printed label of exsiccatus packet. Lectotype: from BPI 0445288, as specified above in Alt.T&V 78. See Alt.T&V 78, 243 Fig. 71 for BPI lectotype conidia and Alt.T&V 97, Fig. 76 for a more comprehensive range of conidia from the NY unit of F. Col, 2633. The observations and conclusions given in Alt.T&V 78 for M. euphorbiae Barth. need not be repeated here. Typical A. euphorbiae has relatively large conidia which might be thought of as belonging to an A. cucumerina or an A. zinniae morphology group, i.e., with a long ellipsoid or ovoid spore body and a long, narrowly filamentous beak. Typical A. euphorbiae conidia reach 65-90 x 16-18 um (spore body) plus a beak 120-150 x ca. 2 4m or less. The conidium wall is smooth; both the outer wall and the trans- verse septa are thin but well defined, with the transverse septa showing a clear, medium golden brown color. Largest conidia have 7-10 transverse septa and 1 or rarely 2 longitu- dinal septa in 1-5 of the broadest transverse segments. There is no evidence of apical secondary conidiophores, and therefore of chain production, among conidia of the lecto- type. Alternaria euphorbiae has been seen in very few specimens other than the Bartholomew F. Col. 2633 exsiccati. I know of no isolate of this species. Interestingly enough, a Kellerman and Swingle specimen #1076, collected on Euphorbia marginata at Manhattan, Kansas, Sept. 4, 1887, carries excellent large-spored Alternaria material. A portion of this collection in BPI 0445524 (EGS 41-105) has abundant conidia of young-mature, filament-beaked A. euphorbiae. Another portion of the same collection #1076 in KSC (EGS 06-140) has abundant conidia of strongly pseudo- rostrate A. euphorbiicola Simmons & Engelhard (Alt.T&V 95). Both portions of this collection also carry conidia of a very distinctive Stemphylium of the S. solani Weber group. The packets of both portions of the Kellerman and Swingle collection are labeled "Macrosporium truncatum E. & K.," a name that never was published and that is given here only as an item of historical interest. 94. 1986 Alternaria euphorbiae (Barth.) E. Simmons & S. Francis, in Simmons Mycotaxon) 254195. Basionym: Macrosporium euphorbiae Bartholomew, in 244 Fungi Columbiani no. 2633, iss. 1908, with type description published on exsiccata label. This name was published in Alternaria two months after Aragaki and Uchida (1985) had published the same new combination derived from the same basionym. The Simmons and Francis combination is an illegit- imate later homonym. However, each pair of combining authors chose a dif- ferent unit of F. Col. 2633 as the source of their lectotype fungus for the name M. euphorbiae Barth. Given the diversity of Alternaria taxa present in the Aragaki and Uchida lecto- type slide (see Alt.T&V 78), it is understandable but unfor- tunate that each pair of authors chose a different large- spored, filament-beaked Alternaria as _ lectotype. Both species are present in units of F. Col. 2633; they are readily distinguishable from each other, especially when examined microscopically side by side. Working strictly within ICBN rules on lectotypification, the Aragaki and Uchida choice of lectotype must be maintained, as explained in Alt.T&V 78. The Simmons and Francis lectotype choice becomes irrelevant to the characterization of A. euphorbiae. Ironically, both pairs of combining authors managed to introduce elements of confusion into the systematics of Alternaria species on Euphorbia species. Yoshima et al. (1985) attributed an Alternaria disease of poinsettia to A. euphorbiae, but the fungus they isolated, described, and illustrated from blighted plants is a morphologically different species whose conidia are not present in the lectotype slide of A. euphorbiae. (See A. euphorbiicola, Alt.T&V 95 below. ) Simmons and Francis (Simmons 1986) chose as lectotype a species whose large, filament-beaked conidia differ in width, pattern and definition of septa, and beak length from lectotypical A. euphorbiae. Conidia of this as yet unnamed species are present in F. Col. 2633 units at BPI 0445288 (Aragaki and Uchida slide #1; EGS 41-116), NY (EGS 03-047, 41-126), and PUR (EGS 41-128). The same species is known from collections from other countries and from a Florida isolate received for opinion in 1986. This material is used as the basis of a new species proposal in Alt.T&V 98 below. eye 1986 Alternaria euphorbiicola E. Simmons & Engelhard, in Simmons Mycotaxon 25: 196. 245 An avowed substitute (nomen novum) for Macrosporium eu- phorbiae Reichert (1921) non M. euphorbiae Bartholomew (1908). Holotype: B, auf Euph. prunifolia, Salamum prope Mansurah., .6.12.i1911. SS. Schweinfurth .CEGS. 09-103). See Alt. T&V 80 above. Alternaria euphorbiicola is the correct name for a species with erostrate to short taper-beaked conidia that very frequently become strongly pseudorostrate, both in nature and in culture. The conidia of this taxon do not produce the narrowly filamentous beaks characteristic of A. euphorbiae conidia. Alternaria euphorbiicola is known from several species of Euphorbia (detailed below), including E. pulcherrima (poinsettia). A commercially important disease of poinsettia was considered in detail by Yoshimura et al. (1985), where the fungus was misidentified with Bartholomew's M. euphorbiae (i.e., A. euphorbiae), and in passing by Simmons and Engel- hard (Simmons 1986), where the fungus was given a new name to replace the homonym M. euphorbiae Reichert. Alternaria euphorbiicola is known not only from the type specimen from Egypt (B, on E. prunifolia; EGS 09-103) but also from Australia (BPI 0445274, on Euphorbia